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The Archaeology of Virginia's Long Seventeenth Century, 1550-1720: Previous Research and Future Directions
The Archaeology of Virginia's Long Seventeenth Century, 1550-1720: Previous Research and Future Directions Dennis J. Pogue Time Line x 1561-66: Spanish expeditions from Havana and La Florida explore the Chesapeake Bay in search of trade routes to the west and to scout potential sites for settlement. x 1570: Jesuit priests establish the Ajacan mission on the York River in an attempt to Christianize the native Indians; the venture fails the next year when the priests are killed by the natives. x 1607: The English establish their first permanent settlement in Virginia when 104 colonists disembark at Jamestown Island and erect James Fort. x 1607-08: John Smith and his crew explore the Chesapeake Bay and its major tributaries by boat; the Englishmen record the locations of the Indian settlements they pass. x 1609-14: Colonists and the Powhatan Indians engage in a series of armed conflicts as the natives attempt to protect their rights to the land. x 1614: English settlers begin to cultivate tobacco, which becomes the primary source of wealth for the colony for the next 200 years. x 1617-22: Twenty-three "particular plantations," or subsidiary corporations controlled by stock holders, are created as part of an attempt to encourage immigration and the spread of settlement beyond Jamestown. x 1619: The first enslaved Africans are introduced to Virginia; the first representative legislative assembly is formed. x 1622: 200,000 pounds of tobacco are shipped out of Virginia; the homes of 1500 settlers spread for 50 miles along the James River; in response to the pressures of continued immigration of Englishmen, the Powhatan Indians attack and kill several hundred settlers in a series of coordinated attacks. -
Pocahontas's Two Rescues and Her Fluid Loyalty
言語・地域文化研究 第 ₂6 号 2020 103 Pocahontas’s Two Rescues and Her Fluid Loyalty Hiroyuki Tsukada ポカホンタスの二つの助命と忠誠心の揺らぎ 塚田 浩幸 要 旨 ポカホンタスは、二度、ジョン・スミスの命を救った。一度目は有名な助命で、1607 年 12 月、インディアンの首長パウハタンによる処刑の寸前に、ポカホンタスが捕虜スミ スに自分の体をなげうって助命をした。これは、スミスの死と生まれ変わりを象徴的に 意味し、入植者をインディアンの世界に迎え入れる儀式で、ポカホンタスはスミスを救 うというあらかじめ決められた役割を担った。この一度目の助命の真偽については長ら く論争が行なわれてきたが、スミスが 1608 年 6 月の報告書簡でポカホンタスを「比類な き人物」と高く評価できたという事実は、助命が実際に起きたことを示している。その 6 月の時点で、スミスは助命の他に、取引や物資の提供と人質解放交渉の場面でポカホ ンタスと会う機会を持っていたが、それらの場面においては、スミスが「比類なき人物」 と評価することができるほどの行動をポカホンタスがとっていなかったからである。そ して、スミスがその報告書簡でポカホンタスを紹介したのは、入植事業の宣伝のために インディアンとの平和友好をアピールするねらいがあった。つまり、スミスに批判的な 研究者が主張するように、スミスがポカホンタスの人気にあやかって自分の名声をあげ るために助命を捏造したのではなく、助命に感銘を受けたスミスがポカホンタスの人気 を作り上げたといえるのである。 パウハタンは、一度目の助命でポカホンタスをインディアンと入植者の平和友好のシ ンボルとして仕立て上げ、その後の平和的な外交の場面にもポカホンタスを同行させて いた。しかしながら、二度目の助命は、パウハタンの外交方針に逆らって、ポカホンタ ス自身の意思によって行なわれた。1609 年 1 月、インディアンと入植者の関係が悪化す るなか、パウハタンがスミスを本当に襲おうとしているところをポカホンタスがスミス に密告して救った。この二つの助命のあいだの期間、ポカホンタスは入植者と頻繁に会 うなかで理解を深め、パウハタン連合のインディアンとしての忠誠心に揺らぎを生じさ せていたのである。つまり、ポカホンタスは、単なるパウハタンの遣いとしての平和友 好のシンボルであることをやめ、自らを平和友好の使者として確立させるに至ったので ある。 本稿の著作権は著者が保持し、クリエイティブ・コモンズ表示 4.0 国際ライセンス（CC-BY）下に提供します。 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ja 104 論文 ポカホンタスの二つの助命と忠誠心の揺らぎ （塚田 浩幸） Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. A special relationship between Pocahontas and John Smith 3. Refutation of all existing theories 4. Demonstration of the veracity of the rescue 5. Conclusion 1. Introduction Pocahontas saved John Smith twice. The frst instance came in December 1607, when she symbolically ofered her own head to save Smith’s -
Colonoware and Culture: the Changing Interpretation of 17Th Century Ceramic Traditions in the South Eastern United States: An
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nebraska Anthropologist Anthropology, Department of 2013 Colonoware and Culture: The hC anging Interpretation of 17th Century Ceramic Traditions in the South Eastern United States: An Overview of Current Thought and History Michael Chodoronek University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nebanthro Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Chodoronek, Michael, "Colonoware and Culture: The hC anging Interpretation of 17th Century Ceramic Traditions in the South Eastern United States: An Overview of Current Thought and History" (2013). Nebraska Anthropologist. 183. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nebanthro/183 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Anthropologist by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Colonoware and Culture: The Changing Interpretation of 17th Century Ceramic Traditions in the South Eastern United States: An Overview of Current Thought and History Michael Chodoronek Abstract: Colonoware is a low fired pottery tradition concentrated in the southeastern United States. It has been associated with native populations, enslaved populations and low- income populations in the American colonies ofthe seventeenth through to the nineteenth century. This paper is concerned with the history, development and current conceptions of colonoware in the southeastern United States, namely Virginia and South Carolina coastal regions. This paper will look at the possible future use ofcolonoware as diagnostic material culture beyond its current state. Introduction The study of colonoware has, in the past, often been over looked in its importance. -
Lawrence J. Fleenor, Jr. Copyright and All Rights Reserved March 2019
PRESENTATION #1 OF A THREE PART SERIES ON THE ETHNIC SETTLEMENT OF SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA By: Lawrence J. Fleenor, Jr. Copyright and All Rights Reserved March 2019 Introduction to the Series In the Spring of 2019 I was asked to write and dictate a three part series on the three dominant ethnic settlement patterns of Southwest Virginia. They were presented in roughly 45 minute segments, and broadcast so as to be received on cell phones by participants who were in their cars travelling to attend a conference on economic development that was to occur at U. Va - Wise. Most will be driving down the Great Valley of Virginia on I-81, similarly to what our ancestors did. They can think about these historic events as they drive past the places connected with them. The process of ‘writing’ consisted primarily of pulling together material I had been composing and publishing for years. It occurred to me that the current compilation would be of general interest. Therefore, some of the earlier essays will be removed from my web site, and this more globally focused one substituted so that it can be read by the general public. First of all let me say that I am well aware that there were people here before the settlers from the Old World arrived. We all honor our Indian heritage, which is too multifaceted to be included here. I also acknowledge our Black heritage. I appreciate that 40% of the folks who travelled down the Wilderness Road, which is roughly I-81, were Black. For those people interested in Black history I recommend Alex Haley’s Roots, which I cannot equal. -
Defining the Greater York River Indigenous Cultural Landscape
Defining the Greater York River Indigenous Cultural Landscape Prepared by: Scott M. Strickland Julia A. King Martha McCartney with contributions from: The Pamunkey Indian Tribe The Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe The Mattaponi Indian Tribe Prepared for: The National Park Service Chesapeake Bay & Colonial National Historical Park The Chesapeake Conservancy Annapolis, Maryland The Pamunkey Indian Tribe Pamunkey Reservation, King William, Virginia The Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe Adamstown, King William, Virginia The Mattaponi Indian Tribe Mattaponi Reservation, King William, Virginia St. Mary’s College of Maryland St. Mary’s City, Maryland October 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As part of its management of the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail, the National Park Service (NPS) commissioned this project in an effort to identify and represent the York River Indigenous Cultural Landscape. The work was undertaken by St. Mary’s College of Maryland in close coordination with NPS. The Indigenous Cultural Landscape (ICL) concept represents “the context of the American Indian peoples in the Chesapeake Bay and their interaction with the landscape.” Identifying ICLs is important for raising public awareness about the many tribal communities that have lived in the Chesapeake Bay region for thousands of years and continue to live in their ancestral homeland. ICLs are important for land conservation, public access to, and preservation of the Chesapeake Bay. The three tribes, including the state- and Federally-recognized Pamunkey and Upper Mattaponi tribes and the state-recognized Mattaponi tribe, who are today centered in their ancestral homeland in the Pamunkey and Mattaponi river watersheds, were engaged as part of this project. The Pamunkey and Upper Mattaponi tribes participated in meetings and driving tours. -
The Smithfield Review Volume VIII, 2004 Index
INDEX TO VOLUME VIII Index to VolumeVIII Abb's Valley, Virginia .......................................................................................... 61 Abingdon, Virginia ....................................................................................... 10, 13 Acoste (province) ............................................................................................... 87 Ajacan (aboriginal land) .................................................................................... 96 Alexander (Allicksander), John D., Capt .......................................................... 19 Alger, Horatio ..................................................................................................... 41 Amos,? ............................................................................................................... 23 Anderson, Eldred, Rev ............................................................................ 11, 13, 22 Archeological investigations at Saltville ........................................................ 77-8 Army of Tennessee ............................................................................................. 18 Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) .......... 31, 36- 7 Atlanta, Georgia ................................................................................................. 26 BaltimoreSun .....................................................................................................42. Bandera, notary ................................................................................................. -
Indians in the Kanawha-New River Valley, 1500-1755 Isaac J
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2015 Maopewa iati bi: Takai Tonqyayun Monyton "To abandon so beautiful a Dwelling": Indians in the Kanawha-New River Valley, 1500-1755 Isaac J. Emrick Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Emrick, Isaac J., "Maopewa iati bi: Takai Tonqyayun Monyton "To abandon so beautiful a Dwelling": Indians in the Kanawha-New River Valley, 1500-1755" (2015). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 5543. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/5543 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Research Repository @ WVU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maopewa iati bi: Takai Toñqyayuñ Monyton “To abandon so beautiful a Dwelling”: Indians in the Kanawha-New River Valley, 1500-1755 Isaac J. Emrick Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Tyler Boulware, Ph.D., Chair Kenneth Fones-Wolf, Ph.D. Joseph Hodge, Ph.D. Michele Stephens, Ph.D. Department of History & Amy Hirshman, Ph.D. Department of Sociology and Anthropology Morgantown, West Virginia 2015 Keywords: Native Americans, Indian History, West Virginia History, Colonial North America, Diaspora, Environmental History, Archaeology Copyright 2015 Isaac J. Emrick ABSTRACT Maopewa iati bi: Takai Toñqyayuñ Monyton “To abandon so beautiful a Dwelling”: Indians in the Kanawha-New River Valley, 1500-1755 Isaac J. -
"I Do Not Know How to Fulfill Those Demands": Rethinking Jesuit
“I Do Not Know How to Fulfill Those Demands”: Rethinking Jesuit Missionary Efforts in La Florida, 1566-1572 by Saber Gray A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Liberal Arts Department of Florida Studies College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida St. Petersburg Major Professor: J. Michael Francis, Ph.D. Raymond Arsenault, Ph.D. Erica Heinsen-Roach, Ph.D. Date of Approval: June 30, 2014 Keywords: Society of Jesus, education, colleges, evangelization, Cuba Copyright © 2014, Saber Gray ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many generous people have made this work possible. Dr. J. Michael Francis, my advisor since 2007, gently nudged me into researching the Florida Jesuits and secured digital copies of Jesuit correspondence from the Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu in Rome. His guidance has been, and continues to be, invaluable. My committee members, Dr. Raymond Arsenault and Dr. Erica Heinsen-Roach, had infinite patience. Thank you so much. All three professors gave me the insight and confidence to push my thesis further than I would have on my own. William and Hazel Hough generously provided for two summer research trips to the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, Spain. Lastly, thank you to everyone, especially graduate students at USFSP, who have listened to me babble about Jesuits for so long. i TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... ii Abstract ............................................................................................................................. -
Households and Consumption in Three Localities of the 18Th-Century Atlantic World
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2019 Consumer Behavior and Household Complexity: Households and Consumption in Three Localities of the 18th-Century Atlantic World Eric Schweickart University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Recommended Citation Schweickart, Eric, "Consumer Behavior and Household Complexity: Households and Consumption in Three Localities of the 18th-Century Atlantic World. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5716 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Eric Schweickart entitled "Consumer Behavior and Household Complexity: Households and Consumption in Three Localities of the 18th- Century Atlantic World." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Anthropology. Barbara Heath, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Tim Baumann, Kandi Hollenbach, James Fordyce, Julie Reed Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Consumer Behavior and Household Complexity: Households and Consumption in Three Localities of the 18th-Century Atlantic World A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Eric George Schweickart December 2019 Copyright © 2019 by Eric George Schweickart All rights reserved. -
Storm Winds That Fulfill His Word: Tempests, the Jesuits, and the Evangelization of Florida, 1566-1572 by Frank Mariotti
3 Storm Winds That Fulfill His Word: Tempests, the Jesuits, and the Evangelization of Florida, 1566-1572 by Frank Mariotti Praise the LORD from the earth, you sea monsters and all depths; Fire and hail, snow and mist, storm winds that fulfill his word; (Psalm 148:7-8 NAB) To enter Florida is to enter the realm of storms. For hundreds of years, Florida has lured migrants to its shores, inviting them to pursue their dreams. But then there are the storms. Pinfilo de Narvaez, Tristan de Luna y Arellano and Angel de Villafane, all sixteenth- century would-be conquistadors, saw their visions of glory dashed in howling winds and heaving seas. In our own century, hurricanes in 1926 and 1928 killed thousands, administering a coup de grace to Florida's fabulous land boom of the Roaring Twenties. Several years later, in 1935, another hurricane sent four hundred people to their graves, while obliterating the so-called "Eighth Wonder of the World," the Key West Extension of Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway. Most recently, in 1992, a rampaging Hurricane Andrew made a major contribution to Florida's "State of Rage."1 The Jesuits laboring in Florida between 1566 and 1572, the first of their religious order to evangelize in Spanish America, also saw their share of storms. They devoted pages of their letters to descrip- tions of the perils that they endured on sea and land because of rain, shoals, wind, waves, and tempests. These storm narratives give us keen insights into the interior world of the missionaries. -
Spanish Exploration in North America & Settlements from Florida to Virginia
Spanish Exploration in North America & Settlements from Florida to Virginia (1492-1763) Student Name: _______________________________________ Date: ____________________ For each of the following slides/questions, fill-in-the-blanks: Question# Statement(s) 1. The period covered by this survey of Spanish Exploration is from 1492 to _____. 2. ___________________ is credited with the discovery of the New World in 1492. 3. Early Spanish and Portuguese voyages were made possible by the development of bigger and more stable ocean going vessels like the ________________. 4. Prevailing winds run __________________ in the North Atlantic; and, they run ________________________ in the South Atlantic. 5. Ships from Europe went South and were then blown ______________________ across the Atlantic on the prevailing winds. 6. The _____________________ winds help explain how Christopher Columbus wound up in the Caribbean in 1492. 7. One of Magellan’s ships returned to Spain with 18 men thereby completing its voyage around the ________________ (i.e., circumnavigation of the globe.) 8. Spanish explorers were principally interested in __________________ and found it by conquering native peoples in the Caribbean, South America and Mexico. 9. Early Spanish explorations in North America were conducted by all of the following men EXCEPT __________: A. Columbus B. Gomez C. De Soto D. Raleigh 10. Juan Ponce de Leon looked for the “Fountain of Youth” in Florida. His 1st voyage was in 1513 and his last was in _____________. 11. Ponce de Leon had _______________ (violent, peaceful) interactions with the native Americans he found in Florida. 12. In 1524 with 29 men, Gomez sailed to the East coast of North America looking for a ________________ passage to the Far East. -
Elemental Analysis of Pre-Contact and Contact Period Ceramics from Northeastern Florida
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Anthropology Theses Department of Anthropology 5-1-2019 Elemental Analysis of Pre-Contact and Contact Period Ceramics From Northeastern Florida Jeanie R. Jackson* Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_theses Recommended Citation Jackson*, Jeanie R., "Elemental Analysis of Pre-Contact and Contact Period Ceramics From Northeastern Florida." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2019. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/139 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Anthropology at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PRE-CONTACT AND CONTACT PERIOD CERAMICS FROM NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA by JEANIE REBEKAH JACKSON Under the Direction of Nicola Sharratt, PhD ABSTRACT This research focuses on the changing ceramic production centers along coastal Florida during the pre-Contact (AD 800 – 1600) Contact Period (post- AD 1600). This thesis tests how ceramic production changed as a result of European arrival at three sites; San Juan del Puerto, Nombre de Dios and Fountain of Youth. Focusing on sites in northeastern Florida, this thesis uses compositional analysis to examine the impact of sociopolitical change during the Contact Period on ceramic production. INDEX WORDS: Colonialism,