The West New Guinea Debacle: Dutch Decolonisation and Indonesia, 1945-1962 To my daughter Stephanie Stewart and her husband Anthony in appreciation of your caring support of Christine and Daniel. Cover photo: Sukarno, holding a hoe (pacol), poses as the ‘first farmer’ of the nation. Photo courtesy of Greg Poulgrain. The West New Guinea Debacle: Dutch Decolonisation and Indonesia, 1945-1962 C.L.M. Penders Crawford House Publishing ADELAIDE A CHP Production Produced and published in Australia by Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd P.O. Box 181 Hindmarsh SA 5007 Tel: +61 8 8340 1411 Fax: +61 8 8340 1811 Email:
[email protected] Web: http://www. chp.com.au Published in North America by University of Hawai’i Press 2840 Kolowalu Street Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 Published in Europe by KITLV Press Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology) P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands © 2002 C.L.M. Penders National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Penders, C.L.M. (Christiaan Lambert Maria), 1928–. The West New Guinea Debacle: Dutch decolonisation and Indonesia, 1945-1962. Bibliography. Includes index. ISBN 1 86333 205 7. 995.1035 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. Printed in India by Thomson Press 00 01 02 03 04 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Acknowledgements viii Map x I