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I Balcani Romanico E Bizantino Aleksandra Filipović Aleksandra Filipović I Balcani I Balcani occidentali tra romanico e bizantino e romanico tra occidentali Balcani I occidentali tra romanico e bizantino Tradizione e sperimentazione nell’architettura serba della seconda metà del XII secolo a cura di A.Alberti, F.Romoli a cura di a cura di Alberto Alberti Francesca Romoli FIRENZE PRESSUNIVERSITY EUROP E IN BETWeeN – 1 – EUROPE IN BETWEEN. HISTORIES, CULTURES AND LANGUAGES FROM CENTRAL EUROPE TO THE EURASIAN STEPPES Editor-in-Chief Marcello Garzaniti, University of Florence, Italy Lorenzo Pubblici, srisa, Santa Reparata International School of Art City of Florence, Italy Scientific Board Alberto Alberti, University of Bologna, Italy Maddalena Betti, University of Padua, Italy Ivan Biliarsky, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria Marie-Hélène Blanchet, cnrs, French National Centre for Scientific Research, France Nicola Di Cosmo, Institute for Advanced Study, United States Maria Chiara Ferro, Gabriele d’Annunzio University, Italy Pierre Gonneau, Panthéon-Sorbonne Paris 1 University, France Christian Hannick, University of Würzburg, Germany Jakub Niedzwiedz, Jagiellonian University, Poland Antonio Rigo, University of Venice Ca’ Foscari, Italy Francesca Romoli, University of Pisa, Italy Marco Scarpa, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria Giovanna Siedina, University of Florence, Italy Sergejus Temčinas, Institute of the Lithuanian Language, Lithuania Mateo Žagar, University of Zagreb, Croatia Natalja Nikolaevna Zapol’skaja, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation Aleksandra Filipović I Balcani occidentali tra romanico e bizantino Tradizione e sperimentazione nell’architettura serba della seconda metà del xii secolo a cura di Alberto Alberti Francesca Romoli FIRENze UNIveRSITY PResS 2020 I Balcani occidentali tra romanico e bizantino : tradizione e sperimentazione nell’architettura serba della se- conda metà del XII secolo / Aleksandra Filipović / a cura di Alberto Alberti, Francesca Romoli. - Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2020. (Europe in between ; 1) https://www.fupress.com/isbn/9788855182126 ISBN 978-88-5518-212-6 (PDF) ISBN 978-88-5518-214-0 (XML) DOI 10.36253/978-88-5518-212-6 Graphic design: Alberto Pizarro Fernández, Lettera Meccanica SRLs Layout editing: Alberto Alberti Chiesa di San Giorgio (Ras, Serbia) © Istituto Archeologico, Belgrado FUP Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (DOI(DOI https://doi.org/10.36253/fup_best_practice) All publicationspublications areare submitted submitted to to an an external external refereeing refereeing process process under under the theresponsibility responsibility of the of FUPthe EdiFUP- Editorialtorial Board Board and and the the Scientific Scientific Boards Boards of theof the series. series. The The works works published published are are evaluated evaluated and and approved approved by by the Editorial BoardBoard of the publishing house, and must be compliant with the PeerPeer review policy, the OOpenpen Access, Copyright and Licensing policy and the PPublicationublication Ethics and Complaint policy. Firenze UniversityUniversity Press Press Editorial Editorial Board Board M. Garzaniti (Editor-in-Chief), M.E. Alberti,Alberti, F.M. Arrigoni, Boddi, A. M. B Boddi,ucelli, RR.. Casalbuoni,Casalbuoni, F. Ciampi, A. Dolfi, R.R. Ferrise, P.P. Guarnieri,Guarnieri, A. R .Lambertini, Lanfredini, R.P. Lanfredini,Lo Nostro, P.G. Lo Mari, Nostro, A. Mariani, G. Mari, P A..M. Mariani, Mariano, P.M. S. Marinai,Mariano, RS.. Minuti,Marinai, P R.. N Minuti,anni, A. P. O Nanni,rlandi, A. PNovelli,erulli, G. A. P Orlandi,ratesi, O A.. R Perulli,oselli. G. Pratesi, O. Roselli. The online digital edition is published in Open Access on www.fupress.com. The online digital edition is published in Open Access on www.fupress.com. Content license: the present work is released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International li- censeContent (CC license: BY 4.0: the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). present work is released under Creative Commons Attribution This license 4.0 Internationalallows you to sharelicense any (CC part BY of 4.0: the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode).work by any means and format, modify it for any purpose, includingThis license commercial, allows you as to longshare as any appropriate part of the credit work isby given any means to the andauthor, format, any modifychanges it made for any to purpose,the work includingare indicated commercial, and a UR asL linklong isas provided appropriate to the credit license. is given to the author, any changes made to the work are indicated and a URL link is provided to the license. Metadata license: all the metadata are released under the Public Domain Dedication license (CC0 1.0 UMetadataniversal: license: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode). all the metadata are released under the Public Domain Dedication license (CC0 1.0 Universal: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode). © 2020 Author(s) © 2020 Author(s) PublishedPublished by Firenze UUniversityniversity PPressress Firenze UUniversityniversity PressPress UniversitàUniversità degli Studi di Firenze via Cittadella, 7, 50144 Firenze, IItalytaly www.fupress.com This book is printed on acid-free paper Printed in Italy Sommario Ringraziamenti 7 Introduzione 9 CAPITOLO I Storia e geografia dei luoghi 13 1.1. Vicende storiche 14 1.2. Chiesa bizantina e Chiesa latina 19 1.3. Territorio e viabilità 21 1.4. Storia degli studi sull’architettura medievale serba 27 CAPITOLO II L’architettura delle prime fondazioni nemanidi 35 2.1. La Madre di Dio a Toplica 35 2.2. San Nicola a Toplica 53 2.3. San Giorgio a Ras 83 CAPITOLO III La peculiarità dell’architettura ecclesiastica nella Raška della seconda metà del xii secolo 115 3.1. Committenze e natura degli edifici 116 3.2. La pianta a sala con la cupola e la successione di ambienti poligonali 118 3.3. Apparati liturgici: la barriera orientale e il santuario 139 3.4. La coeva cultura architettonica orientale ed europea 143 3.5. I temi architettonici dell’architettura ecclesiastica della Raška 190 Conclusione 207 Bibliografia 213 Indice delle illustrazioni 239 FUP Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (DOI 10.36253/fup_best_practice) Aleksandra Filipović, I Balcani occidentali fra romanico e bizantino. Tradizione e sperimentazione nell’architettura serba della seconda metà del XII secolo, Alberto Alberti, Francesca Romoli (edited by), © 2020 Author, content CC BY 4.0 International, metadata CC0 1.0 Universal, published by Firenze University Press (www.fupress.com), ISBN 978-88-5518-212-6 (PDF), DOI 10.36253/978-88-5518-212-6 Ringraziamenti Questo lavoro è un’ampia rielaborazione della mia tesi di Dottorato in Sto- ria dell’architettura (tutor il prof. arch. Piero Cimbolli Spagnesi), discussa a suo tempo alla Sapienza – Università di Roma (22 giugno 2009). In primo luo- go vorrei esprimere la mia gratitudine al prof. Piero Cimbolli Spagnesi, mio su- pervisore, la cui attenzione e metodo hanno costituito le basi per questa ricerca; inoltre devo la mia riconoscenza al prof. Vincenzo Ruggieri, del Pontificio Isti- tuto Orientale a Roma: senza i suoi consigli e suggerimenti questo lavoro non avrebbe mai visto la luce. Con piacere, ringrazio poi la preziosa disponibilità del prof. Luca Pieralli, dello stesso Istituto, per avermi offerto l’accesso alle fonti di- plomatiche bizantine. In Serbia, tutte le istituzioni che avevo contattato mi hanno generosamente reso disponibile la documentazione neccessaria per questa ricerca. I miei rin- graziamenti vanno quindi: al Museo Nazionale di Belgrado, per avermi conces- so le antiche fotografie di monumenti medievali conservate nel Fondo Antichi e Rari, e alla dott.ssa Dubravka Preradović per i suoi preziosi consigli; all’Isti- tuto Archeologico presso l’Accademia delle Arti e delle Scienze per avermi da- to la possibilità di accedere al fascicolo di Đurđe Bošković; in particolare devo un pensiero alla dott.ssa Olivera Ilić, al dott. Vujadin Ivanišević e alla dott.ssa Vesna Bikić per la loro gentilezza e alacrità nel facilitarmi il lavoro in archivio. Devo poi ringraziare il Museo della Chiesa ortodossa Serba presso il Patriarca- to di Belgrado e le dott.sse Radmila Petronijević e Biljana Cincar-Kostić per il loro prezioso aiuto nel rinvenire volumi rari. Ringrazio, inoltre, l’Istituto della Protezione dei Monumenti culturali della Serbia a Belgrado e gli interventi ef- ficaci della dott.ssa Ivana Ranković; un ringraziamento va ancora agli Istituti FUP Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (DOI 10.36253/fup_best_practice) Aleksandra Filipović, I Balcani occidentali fra romanico e bizantino. Tradizione e sperimentazione nell’architettura serba della seconda metà del XII secolo, Alberto Alberti, Francesca Romoli (edited by), © 2020 Author, content CC BY 4.0 International, metadata CC0 1.0 Universal, published by Firenze University Press (www.fupress.com), ISBN 978-88-5518-212-6 (PDF), DOI 10.36253/978-88-5518-212-6 I BALCANI OCCIDENTALI FRA ROMANICO E BIZANTINO della Protezione dei Monumenti Culturali di Niš e di Kraljevo e alla pazienza dell’architetto Veljko Vučković, come anche, per i suoi consigli, all’archeologa Julka Kuzmanović-Cvetković del Museo di Prokuplje. Squisita e disponibile è stata l’ospitalità dei monaci del monastero di Đurđevi Stupovi, con il loro egu- meno Petar Ulemek; ricordo poi la generosità di padre Neša che mi ha reso sem- pre disponibili le chiavi della chiesa di S. Nicola. Mi resta, infine, da esprimere un immenso
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