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India and South Africa (The First Dadoo Memorial Lecture, New Delhi)

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India and South Africa (The First Dadoo Memorial Lecture, New Delhi) India and South Africa (the first Dadoo Memorial Lecture, New Delhi) http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.ESRIND00027 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org India and South Africa (the first Dadoo Memorial Lecture, New Delhi) Author/Creator Reddy, Enuga S. Date 1996-09-06 Resource type Speeches Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa, India Coverage (temporal) 1652-1996 Source Web: www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/solidarity/dadoolec.html Description This speech presents an overview of the history and also looks to the future. It begins by stressing the role of Dr. Dadoo as "symbolic of thousands of people of Indian origin who gave their lives, or spent long years in prison, restriction and exile, int he stuggle for the liberation of South Africa from apartheid and racism. Format extent 10 pages (length/size) http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.ESRIND00027 http://www.aluka.org India and South Africa INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA Dadoo Memorial Lecture, New Delhi, September 6, 1996 by E. S. Reddy FIRST OF ALL, I MUST CONGRATULATE the Institute of African Studies, and Professor Vijay Gupta, for establishing this lecture in honour of a great fighter for freedom. This initiative is greatly appreciated in South Africa as you will see from the messages to this meeting, because Dr. Dadoo earned universal respect, even of his political adversaries, by his sacrifice, vision and leadership. During the course of history, people from India have settled in all regions of the world. And people of Indian origin have contributed to the struggles for freedom and human rights in many countries around the globe but nowhere more than in South Africa. Dr. Yusuf Mohamed Dadoo is symbolic of thousands of people of Indian origin who gave their lives, or spent long years in prison, restriction and exile, in the struggle for the liberation of South Africa from apartheid and racism. In honouring Dr. Dadoo, let us recall and pay tribute to the many Indian martyrs in South Africa: • A Narayanaswami, Swami Nagappan, Valliamma and Harbat Singh who gave their lives in the satyagraha led by Gandhiji; • Pachiappan, Ragavan, Selvan, Guruwadu, Soubrayen Gounden and other workers who were killed in the great strike during that satyagraha; • Kistensamy who died of brutal assault by white hooligans during the 1946 passive resistance. And more recently • Suliman ("Babla") Saloojee, Ahmed Mohamed Timol and Dr. Hoosen Mia Haffejee who were tortured to death in police custody; and • Yusuf Akhalwaya, Surendra ("Lenny") Naidoo, Prakash Napier and Krishna Rabillal who died in the armed struggle. Let us remember the great leaders of the long struggle who passed away before they could see the new South Africa - Ahmed Mohamed Cachalia, Parsee Rustomjee, Thambi Naidoo, Dr. G.M. Naicker, and many, many others. Let us also recall with respect Mahatma Gandhi who, as long ago as 1908, spoke of his vision of a new South Africa where "all the different races commingle and produce a civilisation that perhaps the world has not yet seen". By their contribution to the liberation struggle, side by side with the Africans, under the leadership of Dr. Dadoo and others, Indian South Africans have earned not only their right to full citizenship but respect in South Africa. Gone are the days when the minority racist regimes sought to expel the Indians from South Africa and incited Africans against the Indians. Indians constitute less than 3 percent of the population of South Africa. But today, of the 25 Ministers, five are Indian. The Speaker of the Parliament is Indian and until recently the Deputy Speaker was also Indian. The Chairman of the Law Commission, the Director of the Commission on Higher Education and the Chief INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA 1 India and South Africa Executive of the SABC radio are Indian. Many ambassadors are Indian. I can think of no other country where a small minority has earned so much recognition by its sacrifice, competence and contribution. We cannot but admire the generosity and the statesmanship of the African National Congress and its leader, Nelson Mandela, and, indeed, of the South African people. BUT YUSUF DADOO WAS MUCH MORE than a leader of the Indian South Africans. He was one of the architects of the unity of the Indian and African people - indeed, of all the oppressed people and democratic whites - a unity which brought down the monster of apartheid. His thinking was moulded by the legacy of Gandhiji and the Indian national movement, by the suffering and struggles of the African people, and by the anti-colonial and anti-fascist movements around the world. He responded to the call for the unity of the oppressed people and democratic whites which emanated seventy years ago from the International Congress against Imperialism, held in Brussels in February 1927, which was attended by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Josiah Gumede, the President of the African National Congress of South Africa (ANC). Dr. Dadoo's return to South Africa in 1936, after medical studies in Edinburgh, was in a sense a landmark in the liberation struggle in South Africa. That was a time when the African, Coloured and Indian people were subjected to new oppressive measures by the Hertzog government. They needed not merely leaders adept at drafting and presenting petitions, but freedom fighters who were prepared to make personal sacrifices and mobilise the people in militant struggle. Dr. Dadoo was such a fighter, fearless and ready to give his life if need be for his convictions. He was soon leading the Non-European United Front in the Transvaal and the Nationalist Bloc of the Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC). Mahatma Gandhi recognised his dedication and lent him encouragement and support. In 1940 and 1941, Dr. Dadoo was arrested for inciting the Africans against the war. He had already become popular among the Africans and a square in Orlando, the African township of Johannesburg, was named after him. In 1945, he led the struggle of the African people against the inhuman pass laws and was elected Vice-Chairman of the Anti-Pass Council, of which Dr. A.B. Xuma, President of the ANC, was Chairman. He was arrested in that campaign. He was thus incarcerated thrice in struggles of the African people before he served two terms of imprisonment in the Indian passive resistance of 1946-48 which he led with Dr. G.M. Naicker, President of the Natal Indian Congress. In March 1947, Dr. Dadoo and Dr. Naicker signed with Dr. Xuma the pact of cooperation between the African National Congress and the Indian Congresses of the Transvaal and Natal. He was one of the planners and leaders of the great Campaign of Defiance against Unjust Laws in 1952, which led to the Congress Alliance, a fighting alliance encompassing all the oppressed people and the white democrats. INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA 2 India and South Africa In appreciation of his contribution, the ANC bestowed on him its highest honour in 1955. He was, in fact, the first to receive the award, together with Chief Luthuli and Father Trevor Huddleston. In later years, Dr. Dadoo was to go into exile and become one of the leaders of the political and military struggle for liberation waged by the ANC. Nelson Mandela described him in 1960 as "one of the most outstanding leaders in our movement, revered throughout the country". At his funeral in 1983, Oliver Tambo, President of the ANC, called him one of the foremost national leaders of South Africa, a "giant" of the liberation movement. Walter Sisulu, the elder statesman of the ANC, in his message to this meeting, describes him as "a giant among mortals" and "one of our foremost heroes of the struggle for a free, non-racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa". YOU HAVE DONE ME A GREAT HONOUR by inviting me to deliver the first Dadoo lecture. My own interest in South Africa began in 1943 when, as a student in India, I happened to read a pamphlet by Dr. Dadoo calling on the Indian community in South Africa to fight against racist domination in cooperation with the African majority. It is a happy coincidence that the Dadoo lecture is inaugurated this year. It was in 1946, as President of the Transvaal Indian Congress and as a leader of the Indian passive resistance movement, that Dr. Dadoo came into national prominence and became known around the world. It was also during that year that Dr. Dadoo was charged with inciting the great African mine workers' strike of August 1946. In November that year, I joined a demonstration against South African racism in New York, led by Paul Robeson, to support the Indian passive resistance and denounce the massacre of African mine workers.
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