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MAICON DOUGLAS ARENAS DE SOUZA ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E ASPECTOS REPRODUTIVOS DE CUPUÍ (Theobroma Subincanum Mart.) EM FRAGMENT

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MAICON DOUGLAS ARENAS DE SOUZA ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E ASPECTOS REPRODUTIVOS DE CUPUÍ (Theobroma Subincanum Mart.) EM FRAGMENT MAICON DOUGLAS ARENAS DE SOUZA ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E ASPECTOS REPRODUTIVOS DE CUPUÍ (Theobroma subincanum Mart.) EM FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS NA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL Dissertação de Mestrado ALTA FLORESTA-MT 2014 MAICON DOUGLAS A. DE SOUZA DE A. DOUGLAS MAICON Diss. MESTRADO Diss. PPGBioAgro 2014 PPGBioAgro UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E AGRÁRIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIODIVERSIDADE E AGROECOSSISTEMAS AMAZÔNICOS MAICON DOUGLAS ARENAS DE SOUZA ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E ASPECTOS REPRODUTIVOS DE CUPUÍ (Theobroma subincanum Mart.) EM FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS NA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL Dissertação apresentada à Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Agroecossistemas Amazônicos, para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Biodiversidade e Agroecossistemas Amazônicos. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Sérgio Alessandro Machado Souza Coorientadora: Profª. Drª. Sandra Mara Alves da Silva Neves UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E AGRÁRIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIODIVERSIDADE E AGROECOSSISTEMAS AMAZÔNICOS ALTA FLORESTA-MT 2014 AUTORIZO A DIVULGAÇÃO TOTAL OU PARCIAL DESTE TRABALHO, POR QUALQUER MEIO, CONVENCIONAL OU ELETRÔNICO, PARA FINS DE ESTUDO E PESQUISA, DESDE QUE CITADA A FONTE. Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Roberta Maria Miranda Caetano - CRB 1 / 2914 S725e Souza, Maicon Douglas Arenas de Estrutura populacional e aspectos reprodutivos de cupuí (Theobroma subincanum Mart.) em fragmentos florestais na Amazônia Meridional / Maicon Douglas Arenas de Souza. Alta Floresta-MT, 2014. 110 f. : il. Algumas col. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biodiversidade e Agroecossiste- mas Amazônicos) – Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Agrárias da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi. Coorientadores: Prof. Dr. Sérgio Alessandro Machado Sou- za, Profa. Dra. Sandra Mara Alves da Silva Neves. 1. Cupuizeiro. 2. Estrutura espacial. 3. Viabilidade polínica. 4. Receptividade estigmática. I. Título. CDD 634.04 ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E ASPECTOS REPRODUTIVOS DE CUPUÍ (Theobroma subincanum Mart.) EM FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS NA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL MAICON DOUGLAS ARENAS DE SOUZA Dissertação apresentada à Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Agroecossistemas Amazônicos, para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Biodiversidade e Agroecossistemas Amazônicos. Aprovada em: 18/12/2014 DEDICATÓRIA À minha avó, Aparecida Viel Arenas, e ao meu avô, Antonio Arena Arenas (in memoriam), exemplo de pessoas e que fizeram aumentar ainda mais o meu interesse pelas plantas e animais. ii AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente agradeço à Inteligência Suprema e Causa Primária de todas as coisas que me oportunizou a existência, Deus. A minha gratidão! Aos meus pais, Silvana Arenas de Souza e Porfirio de Souza, pelo apoio durante toda esta caminhada. À minha avó, Aparecida Viel Arenas, pelo aprendizado constante e ao auxílio sempre que possível. Ao meu avô, Antonio Arena Arenas (in memoriam) pela intensa energia espiritual (saudades eternas). À Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso e ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Agroecossistemas Amazônicos pela qualificação. Agradeço especialmente à minha orientadora, Profª. Drª. Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi, pela paciência, confiança e incentivo; bem como pela contribuição para a minha formação. Obrigado por tudo! Ao Prof. Dr. Sérgio Alessandro Machado Souza e à Profª. Drª. Sandra Mara Alves de Almeida Neves, pela amizade e coorientação, me oportunizando conhecimentos valiosos. Às melhores amigas de campo e laboratório que alguém poderia ter: Greiciele Farias da Silveira e Tatiane Lemos Varella. Obrigado pelo companheirismo, apoio e pela companhia tão preciosa. À minha amiga Évelin Taísa Borba dos Santos, por me ouvir, me aconselhar, me compreender, e ainda por me ajudar nos momentos de tanta tensão. Você é muito especial! À querida Jakeline Santos Cochev, pela paciência e auxílio em toda parte de geotecnologia. Ao meu amigo Willian dos Santos, pelos momentos de descontração, que também são fundamentais para a vida. iii Aos meus cachorros, especialmente ao Otto, que esteve comigo noites e madrugadas à dentro me fazendo companhia. Às colegas de mestrado, Marcia, Vandinelma e Daiane, pela parceria nos trabalhos acadêmicos, pelas conversas à toa e pelos risos tão espontâneos. A todos aqueles que contribuíram direta ou indiretamente, pela amizade e ajuda! Gratidão! iviii v SUMÁRIO LISTA DE TABELAS ................................................................................ ix LISTA DE FIGURAS ................................................................................ xi LISTA DE SIGLAS ................................................................................... xiii RESUMO.................................................................................................. .xiv ABSTRACT .............................................................................................. xvi 1. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ........................................................................ 01 1.1. Floresta Amazônica. .......................................................................... 01 1.2. A espécie Theobroma subincanum ................................................... 02 1.3. Fragmentação Florestal..................................................................... 03 1.4. Estrutura e Distribuição Espacial ....................................................... 04 1.5. Biologia Floral .................................................................................... 05 1.6. Geotecnologias Aplicadas aos Recursos Naturais ............................ 07 2. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ................................................. 08 3. CAPÍTULOS..................................................................................... 13 3.1. COBERTURA VEGETAL DA CIDADE DE ALTA FLORESTA, AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL MATOGROSSENSE ..................................... 13 Resumo .................................................................................................... 14 Abstract .................................................................................................... 14 Introdução ................................................................................................ 15 Material e Métodos ................................................................................... 17 Resultados e Discussão ........................................................................... 21 vi Conclusões............................................................................................... 30 Referências Bibliográficas ........................................................................ 31 3.2. ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DE Theobroma subincanum Mart. EM FRAGMENTOS FLORETAIS NA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL ....................................................................... 35 Resumo .................................................................................................... 36 Abstract .................................................................................................... 36 Introdução ................................................................................................ 38 Material e Métodos ................................................................................... 41 Resultados e Discussão ........................................................................... 45 Conclusões............................................................................................... 54 Referências Bibliográficas ........................................................................ 55 3.3. MORFOLOGIA E VIABILIDADE DE GRÃOS DE PÓLEN DE Theobroma subincanum Mart. .................................................................. 60 Resumo .................................................................................................... 61 Abstract .................................................................................................... 61 Introdução ................................................................................................ 63 Material e Métodos ................................................................................... 66 Resultados e Discussão ........................................................................... 73 Conclusões............................................................................................... 80 Referências Bibliográficas ........................................................................ 81 3.4. RECEPTIVIDADE ESTIGMÁTICA E VIABILIDADE POLÍNICA DE Theobroma subincanum Mart. UMA ESPÉCIE FRUTÍFERA DA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA ............................................................................. 86 vii Resumo .................................................................................................... 87 Abstract .................................................................................................... 87 Introdução ................................................................................................ 89 Material e Métodos ................................................................................... 91 Resultados e Discussão ........................................................................... 95 Conclusões..............................................................................................
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