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Universidad Técnica Del Norte UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA EN CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y AMBIENTALES CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA FORESTAL Trabajo de titulación presentado como requisito previo a la obtención del título de Ingeniero Forestal CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE Carapa amorphocarpa W. Palacios, CON O SIN FERTILIZANTE, EN LA PARROQUIA TOBAR DONOSO AUTOR Lenin Nicanor Mejía Pazos DIRECTOR Ing. Walter Armando Palacios Cuenca IBARRA - ECUADOR 2018 UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA EN CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y AMBIENTALES CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA FORESTAL “CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE Carapa amorphocarpa W. Palacios, CON O SIN FERTILIZANTE, EN LA PARROQUIA TOBAR DONOSO” Trabajo de titulación revisado por el Comité Asesor, por lo cual se autoriza la presentación como requisito parcial para obtener el título de: INGENIERO FORESTAL APROBADO Ing. Walter Armando Palacios Cuenca Director de trabajo de titulación ……………….………...………….. Ing. José Gabriel Carvajal Benavides, MSc. Tribunal de trabajo de titulación …………….………...…………….. Ing. Eduardo Jaime Chagna Ávila, MSc. Tribunal de trabajo de titulación ………………………………….….. Ing. María Isabel Vizcaíno Pantoja Tribunal de trabajo de titulación …………….....…………………….. Ibarra - Ecuador 2018 ii UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE BIBLIOTECA UNIVERSITARIA AUTORIZACIÓN DE USO Y PUBLICACIÓN A FAVOR DE LA ……………….. TÉCNICA DEL NORTE 1. IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA OBRA La Universidad Técnica del Norte dentro del proyecto repositorio digital institucional, determinó la necesidad de disponer de textos completos en formato digital con la finalidad de apoyar los procesos de investigación, docencia y extensión de la Universidad. Por medio del presente documento dejo sentada mi voluntad de participar en este proyecto, para lo cual pongo a disposición la siguiente información: DATOS DE CONTACTO Cédula de 040178393-1 ciudadaníaNombres: y apellidos: Lenin Nicanor Mejía Pazos Dirección: Calle Sucre – Barrio Norte - San Isidro – Espejo - Carchi Email: [email protected] Teléfono fijo: (06) 2974 252 Teléfono móvil: 0967944133 DATOS DE LA OBRA “CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE Carapa amorphocarpa W. Palacios, CON O SIN FERTILIZANTE, EN LA PARROQUIA Título: TOBAR DONOSO” Autor: Lenin Nicanor Mejía Pazos Fecha: 8 de junio de 2018 SOLO PARA TRABAJOS DE TITULACIÓN Programa: Pregrado Título por el que Ingeniero Forestal opta: Director: Ing. Walter Armando Palacios Cuenca iii 2. AUTORIZACIÓN DE USO A FAVOR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD Yo, Lenin Nicanor Mejía Pazos, con cédula de ciudadanía Nro. 040178393-1; en calidad de autor y titular de los derechos patrimoniales de la obra o trabajo de grado descrito anteriormente, hago la entrega del ejemplar respectivo en formato digital y autorizo a la Universidad Técnica del Norte, la publicación de la obra en el Repositorio Digital Institucional y uso del archivo digital en la Biblioteca de la Universidad con fines académicos, para ampliar la disponibilidad del material y como apoyo a la educación, investigación y extensión; en concordancia con la Ley de Educación Superior, Artículo 144. 3. CONSTANCIA El autor manifiesta que la obra objeto de la presente autorización es original y se la desarrolló sin violar derechos de autor de terceros; por lo tanto, la obra es original y es el titular de los derechos patrimoniales, por lo que asumen la responsabilidad sobre el contenido de la misma y saldrán en defensa de la Universidad en caso de reclamación por parte de terceros. Ibarra, 8 de junio de 2018 EL AUTOR: ACEPTACIÓN: …..……………………….… ……….…………………………… Lenin Nicanor Mejía Pazos Ing. Betty Mireya Chávez Martínez C.C.: 040178393-1 JEFA DE BIBLIOTECA iv UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE CESIÓN DE DERECHOS DEL AUTOR DEL TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN A FAVOR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE Yo, Lenin Nicanor Mejía Pazos, con cédula de ciudadanía Nro. 040178393-1; manifiesto la voluntad de ceder a la Universidad Técnica del Norte los derechos patrimoniales consagrados en la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual del Ecuador, artículos 4, 5 y 6, en calidad de autor de la obra o trabajo de titulación denominado CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE Carapa amorphocarpa W. Palacios, CON O SIN FERTILIZANTE, EN LA PARROQUIA TOBAR DONOSO, que ha sido desarrolla para optar por el título de Ingeniero Forestal en la Universidad Técnica del Norte, quedando la Universidad facultada para ejercer plenamente los derechos cedidos anteriormente. En mi condición de autor me reservo los derechos morales de la obra antes citada. En concordancia suscribo este documento en el momento que hago entrega del trabajo final en formato impreso y digital a la Biblioteca de la Universidad Técnica del Norte. ………………………………………….. Lenin Nicanor Mejía Pazos C.C.: 040178393-1 Ibarra, a los 8 días del mes de junio del 2018 v REGISTRO BIBIOGRÁFICO Guía: FICAYA -UTN Fecha: 8 de junio del 2018 Lenin Nicanor Mejía Pazos: CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE Carapa amorphocarpa W. Palacios, CON O SIN FERTILIZANTE, EN LA PARROQUIA TOBAR DONOSO/Trabajo de titulación. Ingeniero Forestal. Universidad Técnica del Norte. Carrera de Ingeniería Forestal. Ibarra, 8 de junio del 2018. 57 páginas. DIRECTOR: Ing. Walter Armando Palacios Cuenca El objetivo general de la presente investigación fue: determinar el crecimiento inicial en plantaciones puras de Carapa amorphocarpa W. Palacios; mientras que los objetivos específicos fueron: determinar la sobrevivencia de Carapa amorphocarpa, determinar el mejor tratamiento en función del crecimiento inicial y analizar los costos de establecimiento. Fecha: 8 de junio del 2018 …………..……………………………… Ing. Walter Armando Palacios Cuenca Director de trabajo de titulación …………..……………………………… Lenin Nicanor Mejía Pazos Autor vi DEDICATORIA DEDICO ESTE TRABAJO ESPECIALMENTE A MIS PADRES: NANCY Y BRAULIO QUE SON EL MOTOR Y PILAR FUNDAMENTAL EN MI VIDA; A TODA MI FAMILIA QUE ME HA SABIDO APOYAR INCONDICIONALMENTE CON SU CARIÑO: JULIA, GUSTAVO, ELDY, LUIS, LENIN, SANTIAGO, LORENA, EDELINA, EDGAR, GUILLERMO Y AMARILLO. vii AGRADECIMIENTO QUIERO AGRADECER A TODOS LOS DOCENTES QUE ME HAN APOYADO EN TODA MI FORMACIÓN ACADÉMICA, QUE MÁS QUE MAESTROS HAN SIDO MIS AMIGOS: AL ING. WALTER PALACIOS POR INSPIRARME A CONOCER ESTE LINDO MUNDO DE LOS ÁRBOLES. A LA ING. MARÍA VIZCAINO, ING. EDUARDO CHAGNA E ING. GABRIEL CARVAJAL POR AYUDARME CON ESTE TRABAJO DE TITULACIÓN A WILLIAN, FAUSTO, PAUL POR COMPARTIR TANTAS EXPECIENCIAS, POR ESTAR CONMIGO INCONDICIONALMENTE EN TODO Y POR HABERME APOYADO EN ESTE TRABAJO. MUCHAS GRACIAS A TODOS viii ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS Pags. HOJA DE APROVACIÓN DEL COMITÉ ASESOR……………………………….………ii AUTORIZACIÓN DE USO Y PUBLICACIÓN A FAVOR DE LA UTN…….…………..iii CESIÓN DE DERECHOS DEL FAVOR DE LA UTN……………………………......…….v REGISTRO BIBIOGRÁFICO…………………………………………………….….………vi DEDICATORIA………………………..……………………………………………….…….vii AGRADECIMIENTO……………….… ……………………………………………………viii ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDOS……...…………………………………………………….……..ix RESUMEN………………………………...……………………………………………..…...xiii ABSTRACT………………………………...…………………………………………………xiv CAPITULO I……………………………………………………………………………………1 INTRODUCCIÓN………..…………………………………………………………………….1 1.3 Objetivos ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.3.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.3.2 Específicos .......................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Hipótesis ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.4.1 Nula ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4.2 Alterna................................................................................................................................. 2 CAPÍTULO II ……………………………………………………………………………3 MARCO TEÓRICO…………………………… …………………………………………… 3 2.1 Fundamentación legal ......................................................................................................... 3 2.1.1 Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir 2013 – 2017 .................................................................. 3 2.1.2 El Plan Nacional de Restauración ....................................................................................... 3 2.1.3 El programa de incentivos para la reforestación con fines comerciales ............................ 4 2.2 Fundamentación teórica ..................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Familia Meliaceae .............................................................................................................. 5 2.2.2 El género Carapa ............................................................................................................... 5 ix Pags. 2.2.2.1 Carapa guianensis ............................................................................................................ 6 2.2.2.2 Carapa amorphocarpa...................................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Restauración ecológica ..................................................................................................... 8 2.2.4 Plantaciones forestales ...................................................................................................... 9 2.2.5 Crecimiento inicial de especies forestales ...................................................................... 10 2.2.6 Influencia de la pendiente
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