DOCSLIB.ORG

Gene Dispersal in a Population of Carapa Guianensis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gene Dispersal in a Population of Carapa Guianensis Conservation genetics of exploited Amazonian forest tree species and the impact of selective logging on inbreeding and gene dispersal in a population of Carapa guianensis Dominic Cloutier Department of Biology McGill University Montréal, Québec, Canada A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Dominic Cloutier, November 2006 Library and Bibliothèque et 1+1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-32166-9 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-32166-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans loan, distribute and sell th es es le monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, électronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. ln compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privée, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont été enlevés de cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. ••• Canada 2 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 2 RÉSUMÉ ................................................................................................................................................................ 6 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................... 8 RESUMO ............................................................................................................................................................... 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 11 CONTRIBUTION OF AUTHORS ................................................................................................................... 13 GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................. 14 LITERATURE CITED ........................................................................................................................................... 18 LINKING STATEMENT FOR CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................ 20 CHAPTER 1: ....................................................................................................................................................... 21 Somatic stability ofmicrosatellite loci in eastern white pine Pinus strobus L. ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................ 22 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 22 MATERIALS AND METHODS .............................................................................................................................. 23 Tree and tissue sampling ............................................................................................................................ 24 Microsatellite analyses ............................................................................................................................... 24 Estimates ofnumber of cel! divisions ......................................................................................................... 25 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................................... 27 MicrosateUite variation among and within genets .................................................................................... 27 Estimates ofnumber ofceU divisions ......................................................................................................... 27 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................................................... 28 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 32 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 32 TABLES ............................................................................................................................................................. 36 Table 1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 36 Table 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 37 Table 3 ......................................................................................................................................................... 38 Table 4 ......................................................................................................................................................... 39 FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................................ 40 3 Figure 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 40 Figure 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... 41 LINKING STATEMENT FOR CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................ 42 CHAPTER 2: ....................................................................................................................................................... 43 Low inbreeding and high pollen dispersal distances in populations oftwo Amazonianforest tree species ABSTRACf ........................................................................................................................................................ 44 RÉSUMÉ ............................................................................................................................................................ 44 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 45 MATERIALS AND METHODS .............................................................................................................................. 47 Study species and study sites ...................................................................................................................... 47 Field sampling ............................................................................................................................................ 49 Laboratory analyses ................................................................................................................................... 50 Adult genetic structure analyses ................................................................................................................ 52 "TwoGener" pollen dispersal analyses ..................................................................................................... 52 Mating system analyses .............................................................................................................................. 54 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................................... 54 Microsatellite loci ....................................................................................................................................... 55 Adult genetic structure ...............................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • EL GENERO CARAPA AUBL. (Mellaceae) EN COLOMBIA
    Caldasia 19(3): 397-407 EL GENERO CARAPA AUBL. (MELlACEAE) EN COLOMBIA MARíA EUGENIA MORALES-PUENTES Programa de Botánica Económica, Instituto de Ctencle« Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, Colombia. CElect: [email protected] Resumen Se complementan las descripciones e ilustran las especies de Carapa para Colombia, se incluye información sobre distribución geográfica, fenología, usos y nombres vulgares. Se registra C. procera DC. por primera vez para Colombia. Palabras claves: Meliaceae, Carapa, Colombia, distribución, usos. Abstract The species of Carapa known from Colombia are iIIustrated and their descriptions are complemented. Information on their geographical distribution, phenology, uses and common names is presented. C. procera DC. is recorded for the first time in Colombia. Key words: Meliaceae, Carapa, Colombia, distribution, uses. Introducción tract y CDROM Index Kewensis. Se realizaron sa- lidas de campo para precisar la información obte- El objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar la informa- nida en la revisión de las colecciones al Trapecio ción sobre la diversidad y distribución de Carapa Amazónico y al Chocó. El material examinado per- en Colombia y aportar algunos datos sobre hábitat, mitió complementar las descripciones e introducir ecología, nombres vulgares y usos. modificaciones al tratamiento del género y las es- Las especies de la familia Meliaceae son de gran im- pecies a partir de la última revisión de Pennington portancia económica gracias a la alta calidad de sus & Styles (198 1). La información obtenida se pro- maderas. Entre las más importantes encontramos cesó y analizó a través de la base interelacional Cedrela odorata L. (cedro), Swietenia macrophy- SPICA del programa de Botánica Económica del l/a King (caoba) y Carapa guianensis Aubl.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Técnica Del Norte
    UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA EN CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y AMBIENTALES CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA FORESTAL Trabajo de titulación presentado como requisito previo a la obtención del título de Ingeniero Forestal CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE Carapa amorphocarpa W. Palacios, CON O SIN FERTILIZANTE, EN LA PARROQUIA TOBAR DONOSO AUTOR Lenin Nicanor Mejía Pazos DIRECTOR Ing. Walter Armando Palacios Cuenca IBARRA - ECUADOR 2018 UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA EN CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y AMBIENTALES CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA FORESTAL “CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE Carapa amorphocarpa W. Palacios, CON O SIN FERTILIZANTE, EN LA PARROQUIA TOBAR DONOSO” Trabajo de titulación revisado por el Comité Asesor, por lo cual se autoriza la presentación como requisito parcial para obtener el título de: INGENIERO FORESTAL APROBADO Ing. Walter Armando Palacios Cuenca Director de trabajo de titulación ……………….………...………….. Ing. José Gabriel Carvajal Benavides, MSc. Tribunal de trabajo de titulación …………….………...…………….. Ing. Eduardo Jaime Chagna Ávila, MSc. Tribunal de trabajo de titulación ………………………………….….. Ing. María Isabel Vizcaíno Pantoja Tribunal de trabajo de titulación …………….....…………………….. Ibarra - Ecuador 2018 ii UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE BIBLIOTECA UNIVERSITARIA AUTORIZACIÓN DE USO Y PUBLICACIÓN A FAVOR DE LA ……………….. TÉCNICA DEL NORTE 1. IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA OBRA La Universidad Técnica del Norte dentro del proyecto repositorio digital institucional, determinó la necesidad de disponer de textos completos en formato digital con la
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Inventory of One Hectare of Palm-Dominated Creek Forest in Jenaro Herrera, Peru
    E D I N B U R G H J O U R N A L O F B O T A N Y 69 (2): 259–280 (2012) 259 Ó Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (2012) doi:10.1017/S0960428612000030 FLORISTIC INVENTORY OF ONE HECTARE OF PALM-DOMINATED CREEK FOREST IN JENARO HERRERA, PERU R. M. PRICKETT1 , 2 ,E.N.HONORIO C.3 ,Y.BABA1 ,H.M.BADEN1 , C. M. ALVEZ V.2 &C.A.QUESADA4 A floristic inventory was carried out in an area of palm-dominated creek forest in Jenaro Herrera, in the northeast of Peru. All trees $ 10 cm dbh were surveyed in a one-hectare permanent plot using the standard RAINFOR methodology. There were 618 individuals belonging to 230 species, 106 genera and 43 families. The results showed that the total basal area of the trees in the plot was 23.7 m2. The three species with the highest importance value indexes were Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav., Oenocarpus bataua Mart. (Arecaceae) and Carapa procera DC. (Meliaceae). The five most dominant families in order of importance were Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Sapotaceae. Although the soil of this plot was poorly drained, the number of trees and the diversity of the plot were typical for terra firme forest in the western Amazon. Keywords. Amazonia, diversity, floristic composition, permanent sample plot, terra firme forest. Introduction The neotropical Amazon rainforest covers 757 million hectares in total (Eden, 1990). This rainforest is a rich, heterogeneous patchwork of distinct forest types, and its floristic variability is affected by a combination of climatic, edaphic and ecological variables (Gentry, 1988; Pitman et al., 2001; Vormisto, 2002; ter Steege et al., 2003; Macı¤a & Svenning, 2005; Haugaasen & Peres, 2006; Honorio et al., 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • ECOLOGICAL REVIEW and DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY of Carapa Guianensis
    ECOLOGICAL REVIEW AND DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF Carapa guianensis By CHRISTIE ANN KLIMAS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2006 Copyright 2005 by Christie A. Klimas This document is dedicated to my husband, my parents and my grandfather Frank Klimas. Thank you for everything. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to offer my heartfelt thanks to my advisor, Dr. Karen Kainer, for her continual support and patience. I thank her for her constructive criticism and motivation in reading seemingly unending iterations of grant proposals and this thesis. I also want to express gratitude to my Brazilian “co-advisor” Dr. Lucia H. Wadt for her hospitality, her assistance with my proposal, her suggestions and support with my field research. Her support helped me bridge cultural divides and pushed me intellectually. I want to thank the members of my supervisory committee: Dr. Wendell Cropper and Dr. Emilio Bruna for their support and thorough evaluation of my thesis. I also offer my sincere thanks to Meghan Brennan and Christine Staudhammer for their statistical suggestions and advice. I want to thank the Rotary International Fellowship program for their initial support of my research. My experience as a Rotary Ambassadorial Fellow was a turning point in my life, both academically and personally. It was what helped me develop the interests that I pursued in this thesis and led me to the graduate program at Florida. I want to gratefully thank those who provided essential assistance during this exploratory period.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Carapa</I> (Meliaceae)
    Systematic Botany (2011), 36(1): pp. 124–128 © Copyright 2011 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364411X553207 Two New Species of Carapa (Meliaceae) From Western Ecuador David Kenfack 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 and Álvaro J. Peréz 3 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan, 2011 Kraus Natural Science Bldg, 830 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048 U. S. A. 2 Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299 U. S. A. 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Apartado Postal 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador 4 current address: Center for Tropical Forest Science, Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U. S. A. 5 Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Lena Struwe Abstract— A taxonomic revision of Carapa (Meliaceae) in Ecuador is provided with the recognition of four species, C. megistocarpa which has cauliflorous inflorescences, C. nicaraguensis previously described and currently placed as synonym of C. guianensis and two new spe- cies ( C. alticola and C. longipetala ) . The new species are close to C. guianensis based on their 4-merous flowers borne at the end of the branches. However, C. alticola differs from C. guianensis in having larger leaflets with prominent secondary veins, seeds with rounded edges and short poorly ramified inflorescences, while C. longipetala can be distinguised from C. guianensis in having distinctly pedicel- late flowers and 6-ovulate ovary loculi. The new species are described, illustrated, and a key to the four species recognized in Ecuador is provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Biogeography of the Clusioid Clade (Malpighiales) Brad R
    Eastern Kentucky University Encompass Biological Sciences Faculty and Staff Research Biological Sciences January 2011 Systematics and Biogeography of the Clusioid Clade (Malpighiales) Brad R. Ruhfel Eastern Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://encompass.eku.edu/bio_fsresearch Part of the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Ruhfel, Brad R., "Systematics and Biogeography of the Clusioid Clade (Malpighiales)" (2011). Biological Sciences Faculty and Staff Research. Paper 3. http://encompass.eku.edu/bio_fsresearch/3 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at Encompass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty and Staff Research by an authorized administrator of Encompass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HARVARD UNIVERSITY Graduate School of Arts and Sciences DISSERTATION ACCEPTANCE CERTIFICATE The undersigned, appointed by the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology have examined a dissertation entitled Systematics and biogeography of the clusioid clade (Malpighiales) presented by Brad R. Ruhfel candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and hereby certify that it is worthy of acceptance. Signature Typed name: Prof. Charles C. Davis Signature ( ^^^M^ *-^£<& Typed name: Profy^ndrew I^4*ooll Signature / / l^'^ i •*" Typed name: Signature Typed name Signature ^ft/V ^VC^L • Typed name: Prof. Peter Sfe^cnS* Date: 29 April 2011 Systematics and biogeography of the clusioid clade (Malpighiales) A dissertation presented by Brad R. Ruhfel to The Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Biology Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2011 UMI Number: 3462126 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • MAICON DOUGLAS ARENAS DE SOUZA ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E ASPECTOS REPRODUTIVOS DE CUPUÍ (Theobroma Subincanum Mart.) EM FRAGMENT
    MAICON DOUGLAS ARENAS DE SOUZA ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E ASPECTOS REPRODUTIVOS DE CUPUÍ (Theobroma subincanum Mart.) EM FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS NA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL Dissertação de Mestrado ALTA FLORESTA-MT 2014 MAICON DOUGLAS A. DE SOUZA DE A. DOUGLAS MAICON Diss. MESTRADO Diss. PPGBioAgro 2014 PPGBioAgro UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E AGRÁRIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIODIVERSIDADE E AGROECOSSISTEMAS AMAZÔNICOS MAICON DOUGLAS ARENAS DE SOUZA ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E ASPECTOS REPRODUTIVOS DE CUPUÍ (Theobroma subincanum Mart.) EM FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS NA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL Dissertação apresentada à Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Agroecossistemas Amazônicos, para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Biodiversidade e Agroecossistemas Amazônicos. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Sérgio Alessandro Machado Souza Coorientadora: Profª. Drª. Sandra Mara Alves da Silva Neves UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E AGRÁRIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIODIVERSIDADE E AGROECOSSISTEMAS AMAZÔNICOS ALTA FLORESTA-MT 2014 AUTORIZO A DIVULGAÇÃO TOTAL OU PARCIAL DESTE TRABALHO, POR QUALQUER MEIO, CONVENCIONAL OU ELETRÔNICO, PARA FINS DE ESTUDO E PESQUISA, DESDE QUE CITADA A FONTE. Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) Roberta Maria Miranda Caetano - CRB 1 / 2914 S725e Souza, Maicon Douglas Arenas de Estrutura populacional e aspectos reprodutivos de cupuí (Theobroma subincanum Mart.) em fragmentos florestais na Amazônia Meridional / Maicon Douglas Arenas de Souza. Alta Floresta-MT, 2014. 110 f. : il. Algumas col. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biodiversidade e Agroecossiste- mas Amazônicos) – Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Agrárias da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Responses to Anthropogenic Disturbance in Amazonian Forests Mark I. Abrahams
    Wildlife responses to anthropogenic disturbance in Amazonian forests Mark I. Abrahams Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK September 2016 © This copy of the thesis has been supplied on the condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. 2 Contents Acknowledgements 3 Abstract 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 6 External determinants of structural and non-structural forest 24 Chapter 2: disturbance along Amazonian cul-de-sac rivers Semi-subsistence Amazonians incur significant agricultural losses to 73 Chapter 3: forest vertebrate crop raiders Measuring local depletion of terrestrial game vertebrates by central- 114 Chapter 4: place hunters in rural Amazonia Trialling novel GPS units to characterise simulated hunts with 161 Chapter 5: domestic dogs in Brazilian Amazonia Chapter 6: Concluding Remarks 192 Photographs Title page A várzea community in the Juruá region Chapter 1 Light aircraft flight to Carauari Chapter 2 Estrada do Gavião, Carauari Chapter 3 A proud roçado-owner in the Juruá region Chapter 4 Game carcasses and skins in the Juruá and Uatumã regions. Top left - Crax alector, top right - Eunectes murinus, bottom left – Chelonoidis spp., bottom right - Pecari tajacu Chapter 5 Hunting dogs being fed Chapter 6 Sunset over the Juruá river 3 Acknowledgements This undertaking has been a challenge and a privilege, possible only due to the multifaceted support of many people.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Rainforests Getting Their Fix: the Ecological Drivers and Consequences of Nitrogen-Fixing Trees in Regenerating Costa Rican Rainforests Benton Taylor
    Tropical rainforests getting their fix: The ecological drivers and consequences of nitrogen-fixing trees in regenerating Costa Rican rainforests Benton Taylor Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2018 © 2018 Benton Taylor All rights reserved ABSTRACT Tropical rainforests getting their fix: The ecological drivers and consequences of nitrogen-fixing trees in regenerating Costa Rican rainforests Benton Taylor Tropical rainforests have an unparalleled capacity to sequester carbon, harbor biodiversity, and cycle water and nutrients due to their high rates of primary production. The large biomass stocks and rapid regeneration rates of these forests are often attributed to ample soil nitrogen and quick recovery of the nitrogen cycle in tropical soils following disturbance. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing trees, which are relatively abundant at tropical latitudes, have the greatest capacity to provide tropical rainforests with new nitrogen, yet the ecological drivers of tropical symbiotic nitrogen fixers and their effects on the forests they inhabit are not well understood. This dissertation consists of four chapters that examine the patterns, environmental controls, and ecological consequences of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing trees in regenerating and intact rainforests in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. In chapter 1, I use field sampling in a chronosequence of rainforest plots to show that symbiotic nitrogen fixation declines through succession despite increases in the basal area of nitrogen-fixing trees. Chapters 2 and 3 describe results from a controlled shadehouse experiment assessing the effects of light, soil nitrogen, and plant competition on nitrogen fixation rates and the growth and biomass allocation of nitrogen fixers and non-fixers.
    [Show full text]
  • Branch Xylem Density Variations Across the Amazon Basin
    Biogeosciences, 6, 545–568, 2009 www.biogeosciences.net/6/545/2009/ Biogeosciences © Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Branch xylem density variations across the Amazon Basin S. Patino˜ 1,2,*, J. Lloyd2, R. Paiva3,**, T. R. Baker2,*, C. A. Quesada2,3, L. M. Mercado4,*, J. Schmerler5,*, † M. Schwarz5,*, A. J. B. Santos6, , A. Aguilar1, C. I.Czimczik7,*, J. Gallo8, V. Horna9,*, E. J. Hoyos10, E. M. Jimenez1, W. Palomino11, J. Peacock2, A. Pena-Cruz˜ 12, C. Sarmiento13, A. Sota5,*, J. D. Turriago8, B. Villanueva8, P. Vitzthum1, E. Alvarez14, L. Arroyo15, C. Baraloto13, D. Bonal13, J. Chave16, A. C. L. Costa17, R. Herrera*, N. Higuchi3, T. Killeen18, E. Leal19, F. Luizao˜ 3, P. Meir20, A. Monteagudo11,12, D. Neil21, P. Nu´nez-Vargas˜ 11, M. C. Penuela˜ 1, N. Pitman22, N. Priante Filho23, A. Prieto24, S. N. Panfil25, A. Rudas26, R. Salomao˜ 19, N.Silva27,28, M. Silveira29, S. Soares deAlmeida19, A. Torres-Lezama30, R. Vasquez-Mart´ ´ınez11, I. Vieira19, Y. Malhi31, and O. L. Phillips2,*** 1Grupo de Ecolog´ıa de Ecosistemas Terrestres Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Amazonia, Instituto Amazonico´ de Investigaciones-Imani, km. 2, v´ıa Tarapaca,´ Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia 2Earth and Biosphere Institute, School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK 3Institito National de Pesquisas Amazonicas,ˆ Manaus, Brazil 4Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, England, UK 5Fieldwork Assistance, Postfach 101022, 07710 Jena, Germany 6Departamento de Ecologia,
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeography and Ecology in a Pantropical Family, the Meliaceae
    Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 71(Suppl. 2):335-461. 2019 335 doi: 10.26492/gbs71(suppl. 2).2019-22 Biogeography and ecology in a pantropical family, the Meliaceae M. Heads Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY 14211-1293, USA. [email protected] ABSTRACT. This paper reviews the biogeography and ecology of the family Meliaceae and maps many of the clades. Recently published molecular phylogenies are used as a framework to interpret distributional and ecological data. The sections on distribution concentrate on allopatry, on areas of overlap among clades, and on centres of diversity. The sections on ecology focus on populations of the family that are not in typical, dry-ground, lowland rain forest, for example, in and around mangrove forest, in peat swamp and other kinds of freshwater swamp forest, on limestone, and in open vegetation such as savanna woodland. Information on the altitudinal range of the genera is presented, and brief notes on architecture are also given. The paper considers the relationship between the distribution and ecology of the taxa, and the interpretation of the fossil record of the family, along with its significance for biogeographic studies. Finally, the paper discusses whether the evolution of Meliaceae can be attributed to ‘radiations’ from restricted centres of origin into new morphological, geographical and ecological space, or whether it is better explained by phases of vicariance in widespread ancestors, alternating with phases of range expansion. Keywords. Altitude, limestone, mangrove, rain forest, savanna, swamp forest, tropics, vicariance Introduction The family Meliaceae is well known for its high-quality timbers, especially mahogany (Swietenia Jacq.).
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptations to Heterogenous Habitats: Life-History Characters of Trees and Shrubs
    ADAPTATIONS TO HETEROGENOUS HABITATS: LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERS OF TREES AND SHRUBS By AMY ELISE ZANNE A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2003 To my mother, Linda Stephenson, who has always supported and encouraged me from near and afar and to the rest of my family members, especially my brother, Ben Stephenson, who wanted me to keep this short. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Colin Chapman, for his continued support and enthusiasm throughout my years as a graduate student. He was willing to follow me along the many permutations of potential research projects that quickly became more and more botanical in nature. His generosity has helped me to finish my project and keep my sanity. I would also like to thank my committee members, Walter Judd, Kaoru Kitajima, Jack Putz, and Colette St. Mary. Each has contributed greatly to my project development, research design, and dissertation write-up, both in and outside of their areas of expertise. I would especially like to thank Kaoru Kitajima for choosing to come to University of Florida precisely as I was developing my dissertation ideas. Without her presence and support, this dissertation would be a very different one. I would like to thank Ugandan field assistants and friends, Tinkasiimire Astone, Kaija Chris, Irumba Peter, and Florence Akiiki. Their friendship and knowledge carried me through many a day. Patrick Chiyo, Scot Duncan, John Paul, and Sarah Schaack greatly assisted me in species identifications and project setup.
    [Show full text]