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Environmental Impact Study for the Rehabilitation and Expansion of the Cambambe Hydroelectric Power Plant Prepared By: Checked By: Initials: Approved By

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Environmental Impact Study for the Rehabilitation and Expansion of the Cambambe Hydroelectric Power Plant Prepared By: Checked By: Initials: Approved By REVISION DATE REVISION PREPARED APPROVED BGV CHECKED BY INITIALS STATUS SCOPE BY BY Revision CLIENT COMPANY ENTERPRISE: CAMBAMBE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT AREA: ENVIRONMENT TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY FOR THE REHABILITATION AND EXPANSION OF THE CAMBAMBE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT PREPARED BY: CHECKED BY: INITIALS: APPROVED BY: DATE Sheet of 17/12/2012 DOCUMENT NO. REVISION CLIENT NO. REVISION RESTRICTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY FOR THE REHABILITATION AND EXPANSION OF THE CAMBAMBE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT Prepared by: DECEMBER 2012 RESTRICTED Project’s Technical Data: Title: Environmental Impact Study for the Rehabilitation and Expansion of the Cambambe Hydroelectric Power Plant Client: Office for the Medium Kwanza Project (GAMEK). Rua do Massangano, s/n, Luanda. Http://www.gamek.com Telephone: +244-222-445072 / 222-675801; Fax: +244-222-447973 E-mail: Consultant: Holísticos, Lda. – Serviços, Estudos & Consultoria. Rua 60, Casa 559, Urbanização Harmonia, Benfica, Luanda. Telephone: +244-222-006938; Fax: +244-222-006435. E-mail: [email protected] Date: December 2012 RESTRICTED EIA (Environmental Impact Study) for the Rehabilitation and Expansion of the Cambambe Hydroelectric Power Plant CONTENTS Text Box List xii Figure List xii Photo List xv Table List xvii Chart List xxi Attachment List xxi Abbreviations xxiii 1. INTRODUCTION 1- 1 1.1. Background 1-1 1.2. Justification 1-4 1.3. Enterprise Sponsor 1-14 1.4. Scope of the Study 1-16 1.5. EIA’s Targets 1-19 1.6. Localization 1-20 1.7. Work Methodology 1-22 1.8. Areas Affected by the Project 1-23 1.8.1. Regional Coverage Area (AAR) 1-25 1.8.2. Area with Indirect Influence (AII) 1-26 1.8.3. Area with Direct Influence (AID) 1-28 1.9. Public Consultation Process (PCDP) 1-29 1.9.1. PCDP Targets 1-30 1.9.2. PCDP Scope 1-31 2. PROJECT PRESENTATION 2-1 2.1. Justification of the Elevation Alternatives 2-2 RESTRICTED 2.1.1. Present Scenario 2-2 Contents i 2.1.2. Elevation Alternative Scenarios 2-3 2.1.3. Layout Alternatives 2-4 2.1.3.1. Alternative 1 – SONEFE 2-4 2.1.3.2. Alternative 2 – Safety Spillway 2-5 2.1.3.3. Alternative 3 – Left Bank 2-6 2.1.3.4. Alternative 4 – LNEC 2-6 2.1.3.5. Alternative 5 – Limit Energy (Maximum flow x present elevation) 2-7 2.2. Elevation’s Economic - Energetic Assessment 2-13 2.3. Project’s General Description 2-18 2.3.1. Existing Structures 2-18 2.3.1.1. Reservoir’s General Description 2-21 2.3.1.2. Condition of the Existing Structures 2-22 2.3.2. Structures to be Built – Expansion 2-25 2.3.2.1. Supporting Infrastructure 2-31 2.3.2.2. Stone Quarry and Waste Material Storage Areas 2-38 2.4. Construction Phases 2-45 2.4.1. River Control 2-46 2.4.2. Land Clearing, Root Removal and Scraping 2-47 2.4.3. Normal Excavation 2-48 2.4.4. Underground Rock Excavation 2-49 2.4.5. Use of Explosives 2-50 2.4.6. River Diversion 2-50 2.4.7. New Road and Bridge 2-51 2.4.8. Rehabilitation 2-51 2.5. Operation and Maintenance Phase 2-52 RESTRICTED 2.5.1. Boat Yard 2-52 2.5.2. Fuel Storage 2-54 2.5.3. Water Supply 2-55 2.6. Workers 2-58 Contents ii 2.7. Environmental Regulations 2-59 2.7.1. Degradation Control Guidelines for the Areas Affected by the Works 2-59 2.7.2. Erosion and Soil Degradation Control 2-60 2.7.3. Guidelines for Work Area Recovery 2-61 2.7.3.1. Cleaning of Work Areas 2-62 2.7.3.2. Land Renovation 2-62 2.7.3.3. Vegetation Recovery 2-62 2.7.4. Surface Drainage Control 2-63 2.7.5. Management of Oily Industrial Effluents 2-63 2.7.6. Management of Domestic Effluents 2-64 2.7.7. Atmospheric Pollution Control 2-66 2.7.8. Solid Waste Control and Management 2-67 2.8. Dam Deactivation Phase 2-68 3. INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL STATUS 3-1 3.1. Institutional Status 3-5 3.1.1. Environment Ministry 3-6 3.1.2. Energy and Water Ministry 3-8 3.1.3. Agriculture, Rural Development and Fishing Ministry 3-9 3.1.4. Urbanism and Construction Ministry 3-11 3.1.5. Local State Offices 3-12 3.1.6. Traditional Authorities 3-12 3.1.7. Environment Conservation Associations 3-13 RESTRICTED 3.2. Legal Status 3-13 3.2.1. Rights of Living in a Healthy and Unpolluted Environment and the Benefits of the Appropriate Use of Natural Resources 3-14 3.2.2. Impact Assessment and Environmental Licenses 3-15 3.2.3. Territorial Regulations 3-17 Contents iii 3.2.4. Cultural Assets 3-17 3.2.5. Applicable Legislation for this Project 3-19 3.2.5.1. Water Usage 3-19 3.2.5.1.1. Water Usage Rights of Waters Affected by the Dam Construction 3-20 3.2.5.1.2. Fishing Rights Affected by the Dam Construction 3-21 3.2.5.1.3. Rights over the Land Submerged by Lakes 3-21 3.2.5.2. Environmental Impacts due to the Use of Waters for Dams 3-22 3.2.5.2.1. Water Pollution 3-22 3.2.5.2.2. Water Conservation Areas and Aquatic Ecosystem Protection 3-23 3.2.5.2.3. Biological Resources and Aquatic Ecosystems 3-23 3.2.5.2.4. Terrestrial Biological Resources 3-24 3.2.5.2.5. Building Construction 3-25 3.2.5.2.6. Electric Installation Safety 3-25 3.2.5.2.7. Occupational Safety and Hygiene 3-26 3.3. International Situation 3-28 3.3.1. Obligatory Instruments 3-28 3.3.1.1. Convention about Biological Diversity 3-28 3.3.1.2. Bona Convention 3-29 3.3.1.3. International Treaty about Phytogenetical Resources for Nutrition and Agriculture 3-29 3.3.1.4. Convention about Desertification Fighting 3-29 3.3.1.5. SADC’s Fishing Protocol 3-29 3.3.1.6. SADC’s Energy Protocol 3-30 RESTRICTED 4. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE REFERENCE SITUATION 4-1 4.1. Physical Medium 4-2 4.1.1. Climate 4-2 Contents iv 4.1.1.1. General Aspects 4-2 4.1.1.2. Climatological Units 4-3 4.1.1.3. Air Temperatures 4-3 4.1.1.4. Precipitation 4-4 4.1.1.5. Average Relative Humidity at 9h 4-4 4.1.1.6. Insolation 4-5 4.1.1.7. Evaporation 4-5 4.1.2. Geology and Geomorphology 4-5 4.1.2.1. Methodology 4-6 4.1.2.1.1. Bibliographical Research 4-6 4.1.2.1.2. Field Survey 4-7 4.1.2.2. Geomorphological Characterization 4-8 4.1.2.2.1. Geological-Geomorphological Compartmentation 4-16 4.1.2.2.2. System Dynamics and Hydroelectric Construction 4-17 4.1.2.2.3. Kwanza River Fluvial Dynamics and Hydroelectric Construction 4-18 4.1.3. Geotechnical Characterization 4-21 4.1.4. Lithological Characterization 4-21 4.1.5. Seismicity 4-24 4.1.6. Soils 4-26 4.1.6.1. Methodology 4-26 4.1.6.1.1. Soil Characterization 4-26 4.1.6.1.2. Susceptibility to Erosion 4-28 4.1.7. Hydrology 4-28 RESTRICTED 4.1.7.1. Medium Kwanza Hydrographic Basin 4-29 4.1.7.2. Present Situation Diagnosis 4-31 4.1.7.3. Characterization of the Hydrologic Regime 4-33 4.1.7.3.1. Potential Evaporation 4-33 4.1.7.3.2. Potential Evapotranspiration 4-35 4.1.7.3.3. Actual Evapotranspiration 4-36 Contents v 4.1.7.3.4. Maximum and Minimum Monthly Flow 4-36 4.1.7.3.5. Medium Monthly Flow and Monthly Supply 4-37 4.1.7.3.5.1. Monthly Average Flow 4-37 4.1.7.3.5.2. Monthly Supply 4-38 4.1.7.4. Ecologic Flow 4-39 4.1.7.5. Water Usage Inventory 4-42 4.1.7.5.1. Water Usage Inventory in the Direct Influence Area 4-43 4.1.7.6. Estimates and Models of Erosion and Sedimentation Rates 4-44 4.1.7.7. Hydrogram of High-Water Flows 4-46 4.1.7.7.1. High-Water Flow Calculation for 1,000 and 10,000 years 4-47 4.1.7.7.2. Hydrologic Balance 4-52 4.1.7.8. Upstream and Downstream Changes 4-54 4.1.8. Water Quality 4-54 4.1.8.1. Previous Events 4-55 4.1.8.2. Kwanza River – Cambambe Section 4-56 4.1.8.3. Identification of the Water Quality Indicating Parameters 4-58 4.1.8.4. Methodology 4-59 4.1.8.4.1. Bibliography Revision 4-60 4.1.8.4.2. Field Campaign 4-60 4.1.8.4.3. Laboratory Analyses 4-61 RESTRICTED 4.1.8.4.4. Analyzed Parameters 4-61 4.1.8.4.4.1. Physical Parameters 4-61 4.1.8.4.4.2. Chemical Parameters 4-63 4.1.8.4.4.3. Heavy Metals 4-67 4.1.8.4.4.4. Biological Parameters 4-67 4.1.8.4.4.5. Final Results 4-68 4.1.8.4.4.6.
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