DOCSLIB.ORG

2854 ISS Monograph 130.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2854 ISS Monograph 130.Indd FFROMROM SSOLDIERSOLDIERS TTOO CCITIZENSITIZENS THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL REINTEGRATION OF UNITA EX-COMBATANTS J GOMES PORTO, IMOGEN PARSONS AND CHRIS ALDEN ISS MONOGRAPH SERIES • No 130, MARCH 2007 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii ABOUT THE AUTHORS v LIST OF ACRONYMS vi INTRODUCTION viii CHAPTER ONE 1 Angola’s Central Highlands: Provincial Characterisation and Fieldwork Review CHAPTER TWO 39 Unita’s Demobilised Soldiers: Portrait of the post-Luena target group CHAPTER THREE 53 The Economic, Social and Political Dimensions of Reintegration: Findings CHAPTER FOUR 79 Surveying for Trends: Correlation of Findings CHAPTER FIVE 109 From Soldiers to Citizens: Concluding Thoughts ENDNOTES 127 BIBLIOGRAPHY 139 ANNEX 145 Survey Questionnaire iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research and publication of this monograph were made possible by the generous funding of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, and the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), through the African Security Analysis Programme at the ISS. The project “From Soldiers to Citizens: A study of the social, economic and political reintegration of UNITA ex-combatants in post-war Angola” was developed jointly by the African Security Analysis Programme at ISS, the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), and the Norwegian Institute for International Affairs (NUPI). In addition, the project established a number of partnerships with Angolan non-governmental organisations (NGOs), including Development Workshop (DW), CARE Angola, and the Agency for Cooperation and Research in Development (ACORD). The participation of our Angolan partners was an essential component of the project’s development; their role throughout the project was invaluable. From active and enthusiastic collaboration in the project’s design and planning, to critical research and logistical support in situ; from the participation in the project’s interim workshop in Johannesburg to a review of findings during the project’s last visit to Luanda in July 2005, this project would not have been possible without their support. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Allan Cain, Carlos Figueiredo and Moisés Festo of Development Workshop; Guilherme Santos of ACORD and Douglas Steinberg and Felisberto Ngola of CARE Angola. The authors would like to express their sincere thanks and appreciation to the various organisations and Angolan government departments that participated in the project’s interim workshop in Johannesburg during September 2004. These included Dr José António Martins of the Ministry for Assistance and Social Reintegration (MINARS), Brigadier Domingos Costa and Eduardo Martins of the Institute for the Socio-Professional Reintegration of Former Combatants (IRSEM), Lisa Maier of the World Bank, Olaf Handloegten of GTZ Angola, and General Zacarias Mundombe of the iv From soldiers to citizens Centre for Strategic Studies of Angola (CEEA). The authors would also like to thank Ana Leão for her very useful comments and suggestions made during earlier drafts of this monograph. This monograph is dedicated to Mário Adauta, whose encouragement and insight formed part of our understanding of this complex country. v ABOUT THE AUTHORS Dr João Gomes Porto is a lecturer at the Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford. In his previous capacity as head of the African Security Analysis Programme at the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) he managed a multi-disciplinary team of researchers dedicated to the on- going analysis and provision of policy options on conflict situations in Africa. Prior to joining the ISS in 2002, Dr Porto was a sessional lecturer in Conflict Analysis and Resolution at the University of Reading’s Graduate School of European and International Studies, as well as a teaching assistant at the University of Kent at Canterbury. Dr Porto holds a PhD degree in International Conflict Analysis from the University of Kent at Canterbury. Imogen Parsons is a PhD student at the London School of Economics, in the Department of International Relations. She holds a Masters in Development Studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) and first class honours in Modern Languages from Cambridge University. She has previously worked in Madagascar and China for Voluntary Services Organisation (VSO) and has travelled extensively in Southern Africa. Dr Chris Alden is a Senior Lecturer at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). Dr Alden has written extensively on disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) issues in Southern Africa, especially with respect to Mozambique, and has conducted research consultancies on the topic for GTZ, as well as having received a US Institute for Peace grant and a MacArthur Post-Doctoral Fellowship at Cambridge University. He is also the author of, amongst others, “Lessons from the Reintegration of Demobilised Soldiers in Mozambique”, Security Dialogue, 33 (30), 2002, and “The Issue of the Military: UN demobilisation, disarmament and reintegration in Southern Africa”, International Peacekeeping, 3 (2), 1996. Dr Alden lectured on conflict and Africa at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, from 1990 to 2000. vi LIST OF ACRONYMS ACORD Agency for Cooperation and Research in Development ADRA Agency for Rural Development and the Environment ADRP Angola Demobilisation and Reintegration Programme CEEA Centre for Strategic Studies of Angola DD&R Demobilisation, Disarmament and Reintegration DW Development Workshop FAA Angolan Armed Forces FAEM National Entrepreneur Support Fund FAS Social Support Fund FDES Economic and Social Support Fund FMU UNITA’s Military Forces FNLA National Front for the Liberation of Angola IDP Internally Displaced Person INEFOP National Institute for Employment and Training IRSEM Institute for the Socio-professional Reintegration of Former Combatants JMC Joint Military Commission MDRP Multi-country Demobilisation and Reintegration Programme J Gomes Porto, Imogen Parsons and Chris Alden vii MINARS Ministry for Assistance and Social Reintegration MPLA Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola MSF Médicins sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders) OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN) PAR Rehabilitation Support Programme PIP Public Investment Programme SSR Security Sector Reform UNITA National Union for the Total Independence of Angola viii INTRODUCTION Demilitarisation in the Angolan Context We need to disarm in our minds first. We need agreement on what kind of life we want to live, what kind of society we want, what kind of nation we want to be. We believe that the war as such is an expression of the frustration and other motives that are in people’s minds. That physical confrontation only takes place when the confrontation within the mind no longer has space. So it is important that [after] silencing the guns, we get to the stage where we can talk about the real issue[s] that brought conflict between us. Many Angolans, especially those younger ones who were born in the 70s and 80s, know nothing else except the war. So the only mentality they have is how to eliminate others to keep [themselves] alive and how to survive the troubles that the war brings. So, we have to make sure that people don’t think that’s the normal way of life, that there is a proper way of living without conflict.1 Demilitarisation of conflict and society is crucial to building sustainable peace in countries emerging from the scourge of civil war. As longstanding conflicts come to an end, a variety of approaches are adopted by national governments and international agencies aimed at supporting processes that facilitate this potentially volatile transition from formal peace to social peace. At the heart of the exercise is the necessity of transforming the culture and the instruments of war – in particular, demobilising, disarming and reintegrating former combatants into society as well as ridding the wider society of arms. The experiences of controlled processes of demobilisation, disarmament and reintegration (DD&R) in the past two decades have demonstrated that DD&R must per force be regarded as a tool of development aid. This is particularly true as regards programmes for the reintegration of former combatants into society, “no longer merely seen as a humanitarian issue but…recognised as a vital element of conflict prevention and a critical precondition of any security sector reform”.2 J Gomes Porto, Imogen Parsons and Chris Alden ix While the process of societal demilitarisation must stem from a commitment by all to an end to using violent means in the resolution of disputes (most importantly by the leadership of armed movements), if it is to lead to sustainable peace, a deeper commitment at a socio-political level amongst those individuals (perpetrators of conflict) and communities (supporters or victims of conflict) to move beyond the identities and emblems which serve to perpetuate violence is critical. Moreover, the emergence of a new social contract in post-war societies is a vital step towards re-legitimising (in many instances, creating) the institutions and culture of good governance, of which democratic elections are a critical threshold. These can serve as a litmus test of the degree of reconciliation in a post-conflict situation. In addition, genuine demilitarisation is only possible when all constituent elements of society are able to function fully as citizens. Former combatants,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download/Pdf/132634899.Pdf
    THE END OF CATTLE’S PARADISE HOW LAND DIVERSION FOR RANCHES ERODED FOOD SECURITY IN THE GAMBOS, ANGOLA Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 9 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2019 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: Girl leading a pair of oxen pulling a traditional cart in the Gambos, (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. Angola © Amnesty International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2019 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: AFR 12/1020/2019 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS GLOSSARY 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 METHODOLOGY 14 THE GAMBOS 16 FOOD INSECURITY IN THE GAMBOS 19 DECLINING MILK PRODUCTION 19 DECLINING FOOD PRODUCTION 23 HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION 24 THE ROOT OF THE PROBLEM 26 LAND DISPOSSESSION AND FOOD SECURITY 27 CATTLE ARE OUR LIFE 29 THE SPECIAL STATUS OF TUNDA AND CHIMBOLELA 31 ECONOMIC VALUES OF CATTLE 32 “THE CATTLE ARE OUR BANK, INSURANCE AND SOCIAL SECURITY” 32 “THE CATTLE GIVE US EDUCATION” 33 “THE CATTLE ARE OUR TRACTORS” 34 FAILURE TO PREVENT LAND DISPOSSESSION 37 EVIDENCE FROM SATELLITE 38 EVIDENCE FROM THE GOVERNMENT 38 EVIDENCE FROM THE PASTORALISTS 40 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Further Breeding Records for Birds (Aves) in Angola
    Durban Natural Science Museum Novitates 36 ANGOLAN BIRD BREEDING RECORDS 1 FURTHER BREEDING RECORDS FOR BIRDS (AVES) IN ANGOLA W. RicHARD J. DeAn1*, URSULA FRAnKe2, GRAnT JOSePH1, FRANCIScO M. GOnÇALVeS3, MicHAeL S.L. MiLLS4,1, SUZAnne J. MiLTOn1, ARA MOnADJeM5 & H. DieTeR OScHADLeUS6 1DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa *Author for correspondence: [email protected] 2Tal 34, 80331 Munich, Germany 3ISCED, Department of Natural Sciences, Rua: Sarmento Rodrigues, P.O. Box 230, Lubango, Angola 4A.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute, University of Jos, P.O. Box 13404, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria 5Department of Biological Sciences, University of Swaziland, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland 6Animal Demography Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa ean, W.R.J., Franke, U., Joseph, G., Gonçalves, F.M., Mills, M.S.L., Milton, S.J., Monadjem, A. D& Oschadleus, H.D. 2013. Further breeding records for birds (Aves) in Angola. Durban Natural Science Museum Novitates 36: 1-10. Some details of records of nests, eggs and nestlings of 167 (possibly 168) species in the bird collection at Lubango, Angola are given. This includes 23 species for which there were no Angolan breeding records at all, and one possibly new breeding species (Slaty Egret). The data also confirm the breeding of another 20 species strongly suspected of breeding in Angola, but that lacked egg or nestling records. KEYWORDS: Angola, birds, museum collections, breeding. INTRODUcTiOn SYSTeMATIC LiST One of the gaps in our knowledge of the natural history of birds in Taxonomy and order follows Gill & Donsker (2014).
    [Show full text]
  • Total Solar Eclipse of 2002 December 4
    NASA/TP—2001–209990 Total Solar Eclipse of 2002 December 04 F. Espenak and J. Anderson Central Lat,Lng = -28.0 132.0 P Factor = 0.46 Semi W,H = 0.35 0.28 Offset X,Y = 0.00-0.00 1999 Oct 26 10:40:42 AM High Res World Data [WPD1] WorldMap v2.00, F. Espenak Orthographic Projection Scale = 8.00 mm/° = 1:13915000 Central Lat,Lng = -10.0 26.0 P Factor = 0.31 Semi W,H = 0.70 0.50 Offset X,Y = 0.00-0.00 1999 Oct 26 10:17:57 AM September 2001 The NASA STI Program Office … in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA Scientific and Technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Information (STI) Program Office plays a key meetings sponsored or cosponsored by NASA. part in helping NASA maintain this important role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, techni- cal, or historical information from NASA The NASA STI Program Office is operated by programs, projects, and mission, often con- Langley Research Center, the lead center for cerned with subjects having substantial public NASA’s scientific and technical information. The interest. NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. aeronautical and space science STI in the world. English-language translations of foreign scien- The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional tific and technical material pertinent to NASA’s mechanism for disseminating the results of its mission.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.3 Angola Road Network
    2.3 Angola Road Network Distance Matrix Travel Time Matrix Road Security Weighbridges and Axle Load Limits For more information on government contact details, please see the following link: 4.1 Government Contact List. Page 1 Page 2 Distance Matrix Uige – River Nzadi bridge 18 m-long and 4 m-wide near the locality of Kitela, north of Songo municipality destroyed during civil war and currently under rehabilitation (news 7/10/2016). Road Details Luanda The Government/MPLA is committed to build 1,100 km of roads in addition to 2,834 km of roads built in 2016 and planned rehabilitation of 7,083 km of roads in addition to 10,219 km rehabilitated in 2016. The Government goals will have also the support from the credit line of the R. of China which will benefit inter-municipality links in Luanda, Uige, Malanje, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Benguela, Huambo and Bié provinces. For more information please vitsit the Website of the Ministry of Construction. Zaire Luvo bridge reopened to trucks as of 15/11/2017, this bridge links the municipality of Mbanza Congo with RDC and was closed for 30 days after rehabilitation. Three of the 60 km between MCongo/Luvo require repairs as of 17/11/2017. For more information please visit the Website of Agencia Angola Press. Works of rehabilitation on the road nr, 120 between Mbanza Congo (province Zaire) and the locality of Lukunga (province of Uige) of a distance of 111 km are 60% completed as of 29/9/2017. For more information please visit the Website of Agencia Angola Press.
    [Show full text]
  • Proyecto De Arquitectura
    AGENDA DE ACÇÃO DE ANGOLA SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL – ACTION AGENDA - ANGOLA Se4All. Agenda Acçao. Angola Se4All. Agenda Acçao. Angola Se4All. Agenda Acçao. Angola ÍNDICE Prefácio ....................................................................................................................................................... 11 RESUMO EXECUTIVO (Português). ............................................................................................................. 14 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (English) ................................................................................................................. 20 1. INTRODUÇÃO. ........................................................................................................................................ 25 1.1. A iniciativa SE4ALL. .......................................................................................................................... 25 1.2. SE4All em Angola. ............................................................................................................................ 31 2. SITUAÇÃO EM ANGOLA. ......................................................................................................................... 33 2.1. Situação Geral do País. .................................................................................................................... 33 2.2. Sector energético Angolano. ........................................................................................................... 38 2.3. Planos de Desenvolvimento doSector
    [Show full text]
  • Angola Food Security Update
    Angola Food Security Update June 2004 USAID Funded Activity Prices of staple foods in Huambo remain stable due to improved trade flow from Kuanza Sul, Huila and Bie provinces In April 2004, FEWS NET conducted a short survey in the informal markets of Huambo, Huila and Luanda. Regional Trade Flows In May and June 2004, following requests from a few Increased trade flow since the main crop harvest NGOs, FEWS NET conducted a similar survey to in May/June 2004 monitor trade flows and market prices, now including Benguela and Uige provinces. This food security The demand for maize and beans in urban and update discusses the findings of this work. rural areas of Huambo and Bengula continues to attract supplies from Huila and Kuanza Sul Trade Flow and Maize Prices provinces. During the last two months, the supply of maize, sorghum and beans from Huila to Maize prices remain stable and further decline is Benguela increased substantially. Sorghum, expected which was almost not traded in April 2004, is now Prices of staple foods in local markets have an impact reaching the urban markets in Benguela. This on food security, as many vulnerable families rely on reflects good sorghum harvest in Huila, which is markets to supplement their food needs. Trade flows estimated to have increased by six percent – from and price analysis during May and June revealed two 33,000 MT in the 2002-03 season to 35,000 MT in major factors positively influencing food availability. the 2003-04 season. Farmers in Kaluqumbe, Firstly, continued trade activity between Huambo and Matala, Kipungo and Quilengues supply the bulk the neighbouring provinces is helping to stabilise food of the produces to Buenguela.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventário Florestal Nacional, Guia De Campo Para Recolha De Dados
    Monitorização e Avaliação de Recursos Florestais Nacionais de Angola Inventário Florestal Nacional Guia de campo para recolha de dados . NFMA Working Paper No 41/P– Rome, Luanda 2009 Monitorização e Avaliação de Recursos Florestais Nacionais As florestas são essenciais para o bem-estar da humanidade. Constitui as fundações para a vida sobre a terra através de funções ecológicas, a regulação do clima e recursos hídricos e servem como habitat para plantas e animais. As florestas também fornecem uma vasta gama de bens essenciais, tais como madeira, comida, forragem, medicamentos e também, oportunidades para lazer, renovação espiritual e outros serviços. Hoje em dia, as florestas sofrem pressões devido ao aumento de procura de produtos e serviços com base na terra, o que resulta frequentemente na degradação ou transformação da floresta em formas insustentáveis de utilização da terra. Quando as florestas são perdidas ou severamente degradadas. A sua capacidade de funcionar como reguladores do ambiente também se perde. O resultado é o aumento de perigo de inundações e erosão, a redução na fertilidade do solo e o desaparecimento de plantas e animais. Como resultado, o fornecimento sustentável de bens e serviços das florestas é posto em perigo. Como resposta do aumento de procura de informações fiáveis sobre os recursos de florestas e árvores tanto ao nível nacional como Internacional l, a FAO iniciou uma actividade para dar apoio à monitorização e avaliação de recursos florestais nationais (MANF). O apoio à MANF inclui uma abordagem harmonizada da MANF, a gestão de informação, sistemas de notificação de dados e o apoio à análise do impacto das políticas no processo nacional de tomada de decisão.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribunal De Contas De Angola
    REPOBLICA DE ANGOLA TRIBUNAL DE CONTAS 10 CAMARA RESOLUcAO N°.z8 /FP/1 Processos n.°s: 446 a 496,593,698 e 741/PV/2014 I. Dos Factos O Departamento Ministerial das Finangas, submeteu para efeitos de Fiscalizagao Previa, por intermedio do Officio n.° 2175/04/03/GMF/2014, de 9 • de Julho, corn entrada nesta Corte de Contas no dia 30 de Julho do corrente ano, os contratos abaixo descritos celebrados entre o Departamento Ministerial da Construgao e diversas empresas privadas que passamos a enunciar: I. A empresa Engevia - Construcao Civil e Obras Ptiblicas, Lda celebrou os contratos seguintes: -Reabi I itagao da Estrada Nacional EN - 150, Trogo: Camacupa/Ringoma/Umpulo, corn extensao de 113 Km na Provincia do Bie, e do Servigo de Elaboragao do Pro jecto Executivo da Obra, no valor global de Akz: 9.604.999.895,00 ( Nove Mil Milhiies, Seiscentos e Quatro Milhiies, Novecentos e Noventa e Nove Mil e Oitocentos e Noventa e Cinco • Kwanzas); -Reab I itagao da Estrada Nacional EN - 150, Trogo: Alfandega/Caiongo/Cangola, corn extensao de 62 Km, na Provincia do Urge, e do Servigo de Elaboragao do Pro jecto Executivo da Obra, no valor global de Akz: 4.649.872.610,00 ( Quatro Mil Milhaes, Seiscentos e Quarenta e Nove Milhoes, Oitocentos e Setenta e Dols Mil e Seiscentos e Dez Kwanzas); -Reabilitagao da Estrada Nacional EN 160, Trogo: Quimbianda/Buengas/CuiloFuta, corn extensao de 78 Km, na Provincia do Ufge, eclo Servigo de Elaboragao do Pro jecto Executivo da bra, no valor de Akz: 1 11, 6.629.997.606,00 ( Seis Mil Milhaes, Seiscentos e Vinte e Nove
    [Show full text]
  • Angolan National Report for Habitat III
    Republic of Angola NATIONAL HABITAT COMMITTEE Presidential Decree no. 18/14, of 6 of March Angolan National Report for Habitat III On the implementation of the Habitat II Agenda Under the Coordination of the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing with support from Development Workshop Angola Luanda – June 2014 Revised - 11 March 2016 Angola National Report for Habitat III March 2016 2 Angola National Report for Habitat III March 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 11 II. URBAN DEMOGRAPHIC ISSUES ............................................................................................... 12 1. Migration and rapid urbanisation ...................................................................................... 12 Urban Population Growth ............................................................................................ 12 Drivers of Migration ...................................................................................................... 14 2. Rural-urban linkages........................................................................................................... 16 3. Addressing urban youth needs .......................................................................................... 17 4. Responding to the needs of the elderly ............................................................................. 19 5. Integrating gender in urban development ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • VI. O Acto Eleitoral
    VI. O acto eleitoral No dia 5 de Setembro de 2008, em todas as Províncias do país, os angolanos levantaram-se cedo para exercerem o seu direito de voto. Infelizmente, cedo se descobriu que não seriam essas as eleições que se esperava viessem a ser exemplares para o Continente Africano e para o Mundo. Eis aqui um resumo das ocorrências fraudulentas que, em 5 de Setembro de 2008, caracterizaram o dia mais esperado do processo político, o dia D: 1. Novo mapeamento das Assembleias de Voto 1.1 O mapeamento inicialmente distribuído aos Partidos Políticos, assim como os locais de funcionamento das Assembleias de Voto e os cadernos de registo eleitoral, não foram publicitados com a devida antecedência, para permitir uma eleição ordeira e organizada. 1.2 Para agravar a situação, no dia da votação, o mapeamento dos locais de funcionamento das Assembleias de Voto produzido pela CNE não foi o utilizado. O mapeamento utilizado foi outro, produzido por uma instituição de tal modo estranha à CNE e que os próprios órgãos locais da CNE desconheciam. Em resultado, i. Milhares de eleitores ficaram sem votar; ii. Aldeias e outras comunidades tiveram de ser arregimentadas em transportes arranjados pelo Governo, para irem votar em condições de voto condicionado; iii. Não houve mecanismos fiáveis de controlo da observância dos princípios da universalidade e da unicidade do voto. 1.3 O Nº. 2 do Art.º 105 da Lei Eleitoral é bastante claro: “a constituição das Mesas fora dos respectivos locais implica a nulidade das eleições na Mesa em causa e das operações eleitorais praticadas nessas circunstâncias, salvo motivo de força maior, devidamente justificado e apreciado pelas instâncias judiciais competentes ou por acordo escrito entre a entidade municipal da Comissão Nacional Eleitoral e os delegados dos partidos políticos e coligações de partidos ou dos candidatos concorrentes.” 1.4 Em todos os casos que a seguir se descreve, foram instaladas Assembleias de Voto anteriormente não previstas.
    [Show full text]
  • 31 CFR Ch. V (7–1–05 Edition) Pt. 590, App. B
    Pt. 590, App. B 31 CFR Ch. V (7–1–05 Edition) (2) Pneumatic tire casings (excluding tractor (C) Nharea and farm implement types), of a kind (2) Communities: specially constructed to be bulletproof or (A) Cassumbe to run when deflated (ECCN 9A018); (B) Chivualo (3) Engines for the propulsion of the vehicles (C) Umpulo enumerated above, specially designed or (D) Ringoma essentially modified for military use (E) Luando (ECCN 9A018); and (F) Sachinemuna (4) Specially designed components and parts (G) Gamba to the foregoing (ECCN 9A018); (H) Dando (f) Pressure refuellers, pressure refueling (I) Calussinga equipment, and equipment specially de- (J) Munhango signed to facilitate operations in con- (K) Lubia fined areas and ground equipment, not (L) Caleie elsewhere specified, developed specially (M) Balo Horizonte for aircraft and helicopters, and specially (b) Cunene Province: designed parts and accessories, n.e.s. (1) Municipalities: (ECCN 9A018); [Reserved] (g) Specifically designed components and (2) Communities: parts for ammunition, except cartridge (A) Cubati-Cachueca cases, powder bags, bullets, jackets, (B) [Reserved] cores, shells, projectiles, boosters, fuses (c) Huambo Province: and components, primers, and other det- (1) Municipalities: onating devices and ammunition belting (A) Bailundo and linking machines (ECCN 0A018); (B) Mungo (h) Nonmilitary shotguns, barrel length 18 (2) Communities: inches or over; and nonmilitary arms, (A) Bimbe discharge type (for example, stun-guns, (B) Hungue-Calulo shock batons, etc.), except arms designed (C) Lungue solely for signal, flare, or saluting use; (D) Luvemba and parts, n.e.s. (ECCNs 0A984 and 0A985); (E) Cambuengo (i) Shotgun shells, and parts (ECCN 0A986); (F) Mundundo (j) Military parachutes (ECCN 9A018); (G) Cacoma (k) Submarine and torpedo nets (ECCN (d) K.
    [Show full text]
  • ANGOLA FOOD SECURITY UPDATE July 2003
    ANGOLA FOOD SECURITY UPDATE July 2003 Highlights The food security situation continues to improve in parts of the country, with the overall number of people estimated to need food assistance reduced by four percent in July 2003 relieving pressure on the food aid pipeline. The price of the least-expensive food basket also continues to decline after the main harvest, reflecting an improvement in access to food. According to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the results of both the latest nutritional surveys as well as the trend analysis on admissions and readmissions to nutritional rehabilitation programs indicate a clear improvement in the nutritional situation of people in the provinces considered at risk (Benguela, Bie, Kuando Kubango). However, the situation in Huambo and Huila Provinces still warrants some concern. Household food stocks are beginning to run out just two months after the main harvest in the Planalto area, especially for the displaced and returnee populations. In response to the current food crisis, relief agencies in Angola have intensified their relief efforts in food insecure areas, particularly in the Planalto. More than 37,000 returnees have been registered for food assistance in Huambo, Benguela, Huila and Kuando Kubango. The current food aid pipeline looks good. Cereal availability has improved following recent donor contributions of maize. Cereal and pulse projections indicate that total requirements will be covered until the end of October 2003. Since the planned number of beneficiaries for June and July 2003 decreased by four percent, it is estimated that the overall availability of commodities will cover local food needs until end of November 2003.
    [Show full text]