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PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY 1792 August 4, Saturday: Percy Bysshe Shelley was born at Field Place, Warnham, near Horsham, West Sussex, the eldest child of Elizabeth Pilfold Shelley and a Member of Parliament for New Shoreham, Sir Timothy Shelley,1 and the eldest grandchild of a man with extensive holdings in land, (Percy) Bysshe Shelley. This firstborn son of privilege would be educated at Eton and Oxford University and it would be presumed during his growth years that when he would reach the age of maturity, 21, he would inherit his father’s seat in Parliament. As a stripling he would be taken to the House of Commons and would meet Sir Francis Burdett, the Radical M.P. for Westminster. At Eton he would develop a consuming distaste for tyranny, and in the midst of all this adolescent rebelliousness would be greatly influenced by Burdett — in 1810 he would dedicate one of his earliest poems to him. While at Oxford, Shelley would be consuming the thoughts of radical political writers such as Tom Paine and William Godwin. He would author articles in defense of Daniel Isaac Eaton, a bookseller who was being condemned because he offered for sale works by Tom Paine and Richard Carlile. 1. Sir Timothy Shelley had sat for a seat under the control of the Duke of Norfolk, and always endorsed his patron’s policies of electoral reform and Catholic Emancipation. HDT WHAT? INDEX PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY 1797 June: A treaty with the Bey of Tripoli that had been negotiated by the administration of President George Washington was finally signed and ratified by the federal senate at this point during the administration of President John Adams. Article 11 of the English-language version of this treaty, curiously, declares that “the United States is in no sense based on the Christian religion.” (This English version inclusive of the curious declaration would have been what was signed by our President and duly ratified by our Senate. There is a mystery about this, since no such article appears in the Arabic version! Refer to Bevans’s Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1989, Volume 11, and to David Humphreys’s Miscellaneous Works of 1804.) The agreement cost us $56,000, a sum which was not to be considered to be “tribute.” Our vessels would henceforth be granted most-favored-nation status, the same as if they were English or French. In London, Charles Lamb was becoming an intimate in a group of young writers who believed in political reform, such as Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Hazlitt, and (eventually) Leigh Hunt. He and his friend Samuel Taylor Coleridge went for a short summer holiday at Nether Stowey, where they had an opportunity to get to know William and Dorothy Wordsworth. Lamb contributed additional blank verse for a 2d edition of POEMS ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS. Within the next year Coleridge would be authoring “Kubla Khan,” Part I of “Christabel,” “Frost at Midnight,” and “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.” 1798 Percy Bysshe Shelley was studying with a local Welsh clergyman, the Reverend Evan (“Taffy”) Edwards, who was running a small day school in his vicarage. 1802 Percy Bysshe Shelley began boarding school at Syon House Academy, Isleworth, on the Great Western Road in Thames Valley. 2 Copyright 2012 AAustin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY 1804 September: George Gordon, Lord Byron was at Harrow School in north-west London again. Percy Bysshe Shelley began his studies at Eton College near Windsor to the west of London (his sinecure at this welfare institution for the extraordinarily well situated would continue through Spring 1810). “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 3 HDT WHAT? INDEX PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY 1806 Earliest possible year for any of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s poems in THE ESDAILE NOTEBOOK (latest written 1813). Thomas De Quincey journeyed a 2d time to the Lake District of England, in his attempt to actually meet his famous pen-pal William Wordsworth, only to again suffer a failure of nerve and turn back. Wordsworth’s Poems, in Chronological Sequence • November 1806 • Address to a Child, during a boisterous winter Evening, by my Sister • Ode. Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood March 3, Monday: The dominions of Lucca were extended over all of Tuscany. Bysshe Shelley was created Sir Bysshe Shelley, 1st baronet of Castle Goring, Sussex. 1808 Percy Bysshe Shelley, a schoolboy in the home of Dr. Bethel at Eton, played a practical joke. By connecting a Voltaic pile to the doorknob, he electrified the doctor.2 Also during this year Percy began corresponding with his Wiltshire cousin Harriet Grove (their “engagement” would end in 1810). 2. During that same period, he was also trying to conjure up the devil, and he was using his chemistry set to make explosives. All this was by way of preamble, for later he would be expelled from University College for his atheism and for noisy, smelly, and dangerous chemical experiments conducted in his rooms. 4 Copyright 2012 AAustin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY 1809 Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s The Friend was being published, and he was making frequent stopovers at the home of William and Dorothy Wordsworth in Dove Cottage at Grasmere in the beautiful Lake District of England, where Sara Hutchinson was residing. Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote five or six poems into The Esdaile Notebook. Thomas De Quincey rented Dove Cottage because it had been Wordsworth’s home. He would reside there for a decade. In this year he supervised the printing of Wordsworth’s pamphlet on “The Convention of Cintra,” and contributed a lengthy “Postscript on Sir John Moore’s Letters.” “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 5 HDT WHAT? INDEX PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY 1810 Spring: Percy Bysshe Shelley’s gothic novel ZASTROZZI. July 30, Monday: Percy Bysshe Shelley concludes his studies at Eaton. Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 2nd day 30 of 7 Mo// I believe the mind has not been employed to much if any proffit today, & I doubt whether my body has also. — ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS September: George Gordon, Lord Byron made a 2d trip to Morea. He was sick with a fever at Patras. Percy Bysshe Shelley and his sister Elizabeth Shelley’s ORIGINAL POETRY BY “VICTOR” AND “CAZIRE” was published (in the following month is would be withdrawn). October: Percy Bysshe Shelley and Elizabeth Shelley’s ORIGINAL POETRY BY “VICTOR” AND “CAZIRE,” published during the previous month, was withdrawn. 6 Copyright 2012 AAustin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY October 10, Wednesday: Percy Bysshe Shelley began studies at University College, Oxford, where he would soon be meeting Thomas Jefferson Hogg. Cassius M. Clay was born. Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 4th day 10th M 1810// The mind in a dull lifeless state, poor & destitute of every living thing. Oh! when shall I be raised, when shall Life be more raised into dominion in my tabernacle of clay - Brother David called in the eveng — ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS November: At the storming of Port Louis, Mauritius, Midshipman Hugh Clapperton was 1st in the breach, and was seen to seize and haul down the French flag. Publication of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s POSTHUMOUS FRAGMENTS OF MARGARET NICHOLSON. December: George Gordon, Lord Byron made a trip to Sunium. Publication of ST. IRVYNE, Percy Bysshe Shelley’s 2d Gothic novel. 1811 January: Percy Bysshe Shelley met Harriet Westbrook. George Gordon, Lord Byron was back at the Capuchin Monastery in Athens. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 7 HDT WHAT? INDEX PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY February 11, Monday: On or about this day, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Thomas Jefferson Hogg wrote on THE NECESSITY OF ATHEISM. For the 3d time in 4 years, President Madison prohibited trade with Britain. Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 2nd day 11 of 2 Mo// Our neighbors Sam Towle & wife & Daughter took tea with us & set the evening. Brother David also set the evening. — ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— March 25, Monday: Percy Bysshe Shelley had just written A POETICAL ESSAY on war according to which it was the “cold advisers of yet colder kings” who had “the power to breathe / O’er all the world the infectious blast of death”: Millions to fight compell’d, to fight or die In mangled heaps on War’s red altar lie .. When legal murders swell the lists of pride; When glory’s views the titled idiot guide.... Man must assert his native rights, must say We take from Monarchs’ hand the granted sway; Oppressive law no more shall power retain, Peace, love, and concord, once shall rule again, And heal the anguish of a suffering world; Then, then shall things which now confusedly hurled, Seem Chaos, be resolved to order’s sway, And error’s night be turned to virtue’s day – 8 Copyright 2012 AAustin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY He and Thomas Jefferson Hogg were expelled from University College for refusing to answer questions about the authorship of THE NECESSITY OF ATHEISM. That evening in Viviers, France, Honoré Flaugergues noticed without a telescope a comet (C/1811 F1) in the area of the sky covered by a “constellation” that we no longer use for such purposes, one then termed Argo Navis. SKY EVENT Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 2nd day 25 of 3 Mo// Nothing material thro’ the day except that my H spent the Afternoon at my fathers ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— August 25, Sunday: Percy Bysshe Shelley and 16-year-old Harriet Westbrook, daughter of the keeper of a coffee-house, eloped to Scotland.
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