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The Grave of John Keats Revisited
The Keats-Shelley Review ISSN: 0952-4142 (Print) 2042-1362 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/yksr20 The Grave of John Keats Revisited Nicholas Stanley-Price To cite this article: Nicholas Stanley-Price (2019) The Grave of John Keats Revisited, The Keats- Shelley Review, 33:2, 175-193, DOI: 10.1080/09524142.2019.1659018 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09524142.2019.1659018 Published online: 18 Sep 2019. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=yksr20 THE KEATS-SHELLEY REVIEW 2019, VOL. 33, NO. 2, 175–193 https://doi.org/10.1080/09524142.2019.1659018 ARTICLE The Grave of John Keats Revisited Nicholas Stanley-Price Advisory Committee, Non-Catholic Cemetery for Foreigners, Rome ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Many visitors in the nineteenth century to the grave of John Keats in John Keats; Rome; Rome thought it ‘neglected’ or ‘solitary’ and ‘unshaded’.Today’scritics Protestant cemetery; poet’s often characterize the grave as ‘marginal’, both literally and metaphori- grave; Percy Bysshe Shelley; cally, while ignoring the city authorities’ proposal to demolish it in the Joseph Severn; Romantics 1880s. An analysis of the grave’s original setting and its subsequent renovations suggests instead that it enjoyed a privileged position. Historical descriptions, when considered together with visitors’ accounts – avaluablesourceifusedcritically– and little-known artists’ depictions of Keats’s grave prompt a re-assessment of ideas of its ‘marginality’ and ‘neglect’ in the nineteenth century. The grave lies quite alone, and is evidently much neglected. -
Shelley's“Adonais” As a Pastoral
| 1 , SHELLEY’S“ADONAIS” AS A PASTORAL ELEGY(1) Terufumi KIDO This paper aims chieny to discuss some salient featuresof “Adonais” by Percy Bysshe Shelley as an English pastoral elegy such as John Milton’s “Lycidas” and Matthew Arnold’s “Thyrsis.”lt is we11-known that the poem was written to mourn over the premature death of John Keats in Rome in February, 1821.For a full understanding and appreciation of “Adonais” it may be desirable to have some knowledge of Greek myth centering on the Adonis legend, the tradition of pastoral elegy, Shelley’s view of Keats and his works, and Shelley’s antipathy toward his contemporary reviewer of literary creation. Although “Shelley’s selection ofthe word ‘Adonais’ remains a matter of conjecture” l there is an interesting and persuasivereference to the title.“The change from Adonis to Adonais was an inspired piece of word-coining. The extra vowel creates a richer and more gracious flavour. The long-drawn final synables add an elegiac undertone, and ‘Adonis’seerns curt and flat after‘Adonais.’The ダ ダmetrical problems too are eased by the extra stress - Adonais instead of Adonls. ダ ・ 。2 ltis certain that; the title“Adonais” comes from the name of a beautiful youth,Adonis beloved by Aphrodite, the goddess of love ,beauty and fertility in Greek myth. The Adonis legend is known as follows: When Adonis was killed by a wild boar, the grief of the goddess moved Persephone, Queen of Hades, to allow him to spend six months of the year on earth and six in the underworld. -
From Poet to Poet Or Shelley's Inconsistencies in Keats's Panegyric
From Poet to Poet or Shelley’s Inconsistencies in Keats’s Panegyric: Adonais as an Autobiographical Work of Art by Caroline Bertonèche (Paris 3) Adonais, in short, is such an elegy as poet might be expected to write upon poet. The author has had before him his recollections of Lycidas, of Moschus and Bion, and of the doctrines of Plato; and in the stanza of the most poetical of poets, Spenser, has brought his own genius, in all its ethereal beauty, to lead a pomp of Loves, Graces, and Intelligences, in honour of the departed. (Leigh Hunt, “Unsigned Review of Adonais”, The Examiner, 7 juillet 1822)1 I have engaged these last days in composing a poem on the death of John Keats, which will shortly be finished; and I anticipate the pleasure of reading it to you, as some of the very few persons who will be interested in it and understand it. It is a highly wrought piece of art, perhaps better in point of composition than anything I have written. (Lettre de Shelley à John et Maria Gisborne, 5 juin 1821, Complete Works, X 270) When Shelley said of Adonais, not long after its completion, that it was its most accomplished piece of art, “better in point of composition than anything [he] ha[d] written” while mentioning, in his Preface, the “feeble tribute of applause” (Shelley’s Poetry and Prose 392) it nonetheless represents, he does not to seem to want to hide his own sense of personal satisfaction, nor does he fail to confess certain obvious limitations in his work as a Romantic elegist. -
The Shelleys and the Idea of Europe
Paul Stock The Shelleys and the idea of Europe Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Stock, Paul (2008) The Shelleys and the Idea of Europe. European romantic review, 19 (4). pp. 335-349. ISSN 1050-9585 DOI: 10.1080/10509580802405684 © 2009 Taylor and Francis This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/29372/ Available in LSE Research Online: September 2012 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final manuscript accepted version of the journal article, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer review process. Some differences between this version and the published version may remain. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. 1 Article for European Romantic Review The Shelleys and the Idea of “Europe” by Paul Stock Introduction This article explores how the Shelleys and their circle configure ideas of “Europe” between January 1817 and March 1818. In this period, Mary was finishing Frankenstein and Percy wrote, planned and published Laon and Cythna, two texts which, I will argue, are especially concerned with the meanings of “Europe” and “European”. -
Prometheus Unbound and the Gothic Novel 15
From the Sublime to the Numinous A Study of Gothic Qualities in the Poetry and Drama of Shelley's Italian Period A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in English in the University of Canterbury by Robert Percival University of Canterbury 2000 Contents Page Acknowledgements Abstract Introduction 1 I. Prometheus Unbound and the Gothic Novel 15 II. Prometheus Unbound and the Classical Gothic 29 III. Prometheus Unbound- Heroes and Villains 50 IV. The Cenci - An Absence of the Numinous 64 V. Leonardo's Medusa and the Limits of the Sublime 78 VI. The West Wind-Poet as Prophet and Enchanter 90 VII. Adonais - Flight from the City of Death 101 VIII. Adonais - The Hunter Hunted 112 IX. The Triumph ofLife - The Living Dead and the Car of Life 130 X. The Triumph ofLife - Rousseau, the Shape, and the "shape all light" 146 Conclusion 159 Bibliography - (Primary and Secondary Sources) 164 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my wife, Hannah, for her limitless patience, and for her unfailing practical and moral support, without which this thesis would never have been completed; and my supervisor, Dr Gordon Spence, for his continuing encouragement, his unobtrusive guidance, and the generous spirit in which he always shared his time and erudition. Abstract In this thesis I consider six poems which Shelley wrote in Italy, between 1818 and his death in 1822: Prometheus Unbound, The Cenci, "On the Medusa of Leonardo da Vinci in the Florentine Gallery", "Ode to the West Wind", Adonais, and The Triumph ofLife. -
Frankenstein As Educational Thought on the Modern Problem of Terror
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MONSTROUS MISEDUCATION: FRANKENSTEIN AS EDUCATIONAL THOUGHT ON THE MODERN PROBLEM OF TERROR A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By KRISTEN OGILVIE HOLZER Norman, Oklahoma 2016 MONSTROUS MISEDUCATION: FRANKENSTEIN AS EDUCATIONAL THOUGHT ON THE MODERN PROBLEM OF TERROR A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND POLICY STUDIES BY _____________________________ Dr. Susan Laird, Chair _____________________________ Dr. John Covaleskie _____________________________ Dr. Angela Urick _____________________________ Dr. Michele Eodice _____________________________ Dr. Robert Con Davis-Undiano © Copyright by KRISTEN OGILVIE HOLZER 2016 All Rights Reserved. DEDICATION I dedicate this work to the children among whom I have had the privilege of learning, including my two children, Keely Pate Holzer and Liam Reed Holzer. My fondest hopes lie in their future and the possibility that this scholarship might contribute in some small way toward the “cultural wealth” they will inherit. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank my mother, Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie, who has supported and encouraged me as a scholar, a mentor, and a friend. Words are inadequate to account for the debt of gratitude this work, and all of my work, owes my mother. By her example and courage, my sister, Martha Kay Ogilvie, has always pushed me to realize my potential. My brother, William Woodworth Ogilvie, has never stopped teasing or believing in me and I thank him for his humor and faith. I am grateful to my spouse, Michael Reed Holzer, for the pride he has always taken in my little victories. That pride made me believe I could finish what I started. -
Cain in Early Nineteenth-Century Literature: Traditional Biblical Stories Revised to Encompass Contemporary Advances in Science Kara Davis Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2012 Cain in early nineteenth-century literature: Traditional biblical stories revised to encompass contemporary advances in science Kara Davis Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Davis, Kara, "Cain in early nineteenth-century literature: Traditional biblical stories revised to encompass contemporary advances in science" (2012). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 12308. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/12308 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cain in early nineteenth-century literature: Traditional biblical stories revised to encompass contemporary advances in science by Kara Anne Davis A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: English (Literature) Program of Study Committee: Dometa Wiegand Brothers, Major Professor Linda Shenk KJ Gilchrist Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2012 Copyright © Kara Anne Davis, 2012. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: “TO KNOW MORTAL NATURE’S NOTHINGNESS”: 11 REVISIONS OF IMMORTALITY IN BYRON’S CAIN CHAPTER 3: THE PHYSICALITY OF FAITH: 38 SENSING GOD IN NATURE IN “THE WANDERINGS OF CAIN” CHAPTER 4: “THIRD AMONG THE SONS OF LIGHT”: 62 THE INTERSECTION OF ASTRONOMICAL METAPHORS AND THE APOTHEOSIS OF JOHN KEATS IN SHELLEY’S ADONAIS CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 86 1 Introduction During the early nineteenth century, a number of authors sought to revise the traditional story of Cain, frequently using non-canonical sources to complete these revisions. -
Over Mary's Dead Body
__________________________________________________________________ Over Mary’s Dead Body Frankenstein, Sexism, & Socialism __________________________________________________________________ Julia Burke University of California, Berkeley Department of History Dr. Trevor Jackson 27 April 2018 “A king is always a king – and a woman is always a woman: his authority and her sex ever stand between them and rational converse.” – Mary Wollstonecraft1 On February 25, 1818, Thomas Jefferson Hogg, a close friend of Mary and Percy Shelley, wrote John Frank Newton a letter. Newton had been one of the few to receive a copy of Frankenstein before publication, and had shown his appreciation by enquiring of Hogg the book’s authorship – Percy, right? “[W]hen you guess the name of the author is Shelley you guess rightly,” responded Hogg, “but when you would prefix the words Percy Bysshe the infirmity of our nature interposes between you & the truth wch whispers Mary[.] In plain terms Frankenstein …is written by Mrs Shelley …. This is a profound secret & no more to be divulged without dread than the name of D-m-g-rg-n [Demogorgon].”2 Poor Newton was threatened, seriously or otherwise, with demonic retribution should he reveal the novel’s true authorship. History suggests he kept the secret to himself. Frankenstein was published – with successful anonymity – in three duodecimo volumes on the first day of 1818.3 At Mary’s request, Percy sent them to famed novelist Sir Walter Scott the next day, noting his “own share in them consists simply in having superintended them through the press during the Author’s absence. Perhaps it is the partial regard of friendship that persuades me that they are worthy of the attention of the celebrated person whom I have at present the honour to address.”4 February’s issue of Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine 1 Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (London: J. -
Keats and Mythology (1819-2019) Rome, 22-23 February 2019
Keats and Mythology (1819-2019) Rome, 22-23 February 2019 ‘I wonder if school children are still taught, as I was, the ridiculous myth that Keats was killed by a bad review.’ (W.H. Auden, ‘Keats in his Letters’, Partisan review, 1951) This conference celebrating the bicentenary of Keats’s annus mirabilis, 1819, is organised by the Keats-Shelley Memorial Association in collaboration with the Société d’Études du Romantisme Anglais and hosted at the British School at Rome with tours of the Keats-Shelley House and Non-Catholic Cemetery. The conference is supported by the Keats-Shelley Association of America’s Romantic Bicentennials fund and organised by Giuseppe Albano, Curator/Director of the Keats-Shelley House, Caroline Bertonèche, from the University of Grenoble Alpes and President of the SERA (Société d’Études du Romantisme Anglais), and Maria Valentini from the University of Cassino and Chair of the Keats-Shelley Memorial Association in Rome. All papers will be given on Friday 22nd February, and participants remaining in Rome on Saturday 23rd February will be invited to take part in special tours of the Non-Catholic Cemetery, where Keats and Shelley are buried, and of the Keats-Shelley House, Keats’s final dwelling place, in order to mark the anniversary of Keats’s death. The conference includes the premiere performance of Bright Stars, a musical and literary exploration of some parallels in the lives of Franz Schubert and John Keats written and directed by Rory Stuart. All speakers and attendees must register in advance by contacting [email protected] / +39 06 678 42 35. -
Adonais by Percy Bysshe Shelley
Adonais by Percy Bysshe Shelley MEMOIR OF SHELLEY. The life of Percy Bysshe Shelley is one which has given rise to a great deal of controversy, and which cannot, for a long time to come, fail to be regarded with very diverse sentiments. His extreme opinions on questions of religion and morals, and the great latitude which he allowed himself in acting according to his own opinions, however widely they might depart from the law of the land and of society, could not but produce this result. In his own time he was generally accounted an outrageous and shameful offender. At the present date many persons entertain essentially the same view, although softened by lapse of years, and by respect for his standing as a poet: others regard him as a conspicuous reformer. Some take a medium course, and consider him to have been sincere, and so far laudable; but rash and reckless of consequences, and so far censurable. His poetry also has been subject to very different constructions. During his lifetime it obtained little notice save for purposes of disparagement and denunciation. Now it is viewed with extreme enthusiasm by many, and is generally admitted to hold a permanent rank in English literature, though faulty (as some opine) through vague idealism and want of backbone. These are all points on which I shall here offer no personal opinion. I shall confine myself to tracing the chief outlines of Shelley's life, and (very briefly) the sequence of his literary work. Percy Bysshe Shelley came of a junior and comparatively undistinguished branch of a very old and noted family. -
Shelley After Atheism
COLIN JAGER Shelley After Atheism But liberty, when men act in bodies, is power. -Edmund Burke' O F THE MAJOR ROMANTIC WRITERS, PERCY SHELLEY IS MOST READILY associated with atheism. The word was still an epithet in the early nineteenth century, yet Shelley courted it. The Necessity of Atheism, the 18i I pamphlet that got Shelley and Thomas Jefferson Hogg kicked out of Oxford, recapitulated familiar arguments from Locke and Hume; the title itself, however, had the desired effect. Five years later, when Shelley signed hinself in the hotel registers in Chamonix and Montanvert as "Democrat, 2 Philanthropist, and Atheist," it was the final word that caused the uproar. For in the history of early modern thought in the West "atheism" is an al- most magical word. This essay is about Shelley's poem Mont Blanc, though I will have little to say about the content of that poem. This is only in part because a great many intelligent things have already been said about it. It is also because in this poem content is not really the issue. Indeed, the best gloss on Shelley's poem is an oft-quoted passage from Fredric Jameson's The Political Uncon- scious: History is therefore the experience of Necessity, and it is this alone which can forestall its thematization or reification as a mere object of representation or as one master code among many others. Necessity is not ... a type of content, but rather the inexorable forn of events, ... Thanks to David Collings, William Galperin, and audiences in North Carolina ard Wiscon- sin for their responses to earlier versions of this essay. -
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 – 1822)
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 – 1822) Biography: ercy Bysshe Shelley, (born Aug. 4, 1792, Field Place, near Horsham, Sussex, Eng.— died July 8, 1822, at sea off Livorno, Tuscany [Italy]), English Romantic poet whose P passionate search for personal love and social justice was gradually channeled from overt actions into poems that rank with the greatest in the English language. Shelley was the heir to rich estates acquired by his grandfather, Bysshe (pronounced “Bish”) Shelley. Timothy Shelley, the poet’s father, was a weak, conventional man who was caught between an overbearing father and a rebellious son. The young Shelley was educated at Syon House Academy (1802–04) and then at Eton (1804–10), where he resisted physical and mental bullying by indulging in imaginative escapism and literary pranks. Between the spring of 1810 and that of 1811, he published two Gothic novels and two volumes of juvenile verse. In the fall of 1810 Shelley entered University College, Oxford, where he enlisted his fellow student Thomas Jefferson Hogg as a disciple. But in March 1811, University College expelled both Shelley and Hogg for refusing to admit Shelley’s authorship of The Necessity of Atheism. Hogg submitted to his family, but Shelley refused to apologize to his. 210101 Bibliotheca Alexandrina-Library Sector Compiled by Mahmoud Keshk Late in August 1811, Shelley eloped with Harriet Westbrook, the younger daughter of a London tavern owner; by marrying her, he betrayed the acquisitive plans of his grandfather and father, who tried to starve him into submission but only drove the strong-willed youth to rebel against the established order.