BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X (printed edition) Volume 12, Number 1, January 2011 ISSN: 2085-4722 (electronic) Pages: 38-44 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d120108

Herpetofaunal community structure and habitat associations in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia

AWAL RIYANTO♥ Zoology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Widyasatwaloka Building, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia. Tel.: 021-8765056 Fax.: 021-8765068 email: [email protected]

Manuscript received: 1 March 2010. Revision accepted: 2 August 2010.

ABSTRACT

Riyanto A (2011) Herpetofaunal community structure and habitat associations in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 12: 38-44. Community structure and habitat associations of and on both rainy and dry seasons of six habitat types of three sites in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java were investigated in March and October 2008. The data of herpetofauna was obtained by opportunistic searches. Herpetofaunal diversity for each habitat was determined by using Shannon Wiener index, the species abundance per unit area was calculated by using Margalef’s index, and the homogeneity of distribution of species in relation to other species in a sampled per unit area was evaluated using Evenness index. The similarity in herpetofauna communities among habitat types was determined using Sorensen’s coefficient, meanwhile the Jaccard’s index was used to estimate similarities in habitat utilization. Thus, both community similarities and habitat utilization displayed in cluster dendrogram. A total of 46 and taxa were recorded, comprising 16 anurans, 22 lizards and 8 snakes. Of the total taxa, four anurans are endemic and unusual specimens probably new in sciences referred to the genus Cyrtodactylus and Eutropis. There were differed in sequential of biological indices among habitat types but not much different in their values. The result of cluster analysis showed different patterns on the community similarity among habitat type and habitat utilization during rainy and dry seasons.

Key words: community, habitat utilization, amphibians, reptiles, Gunung Ciremai, Indonesia.

INTRODUCTION diversity and abundance are needed and essential for planning effective conservation and resource management Mount Ciremai is the highest (3,078 m above sea level) strategies (Das 1997). Furthermore, documentation of the mountain in West Java and is one of the most important biodiversity of this area would enable better understanding assets for Kuningan and Majalengka Districts. The of its community organization and the impact of mountain has extensive natural resources including rich disturbance processes. The only available data on diversity agricultural land and a natural, spring-fed water supply. of herpetofauna come from the recent study of Riyanto However, the extinctions of forest dependent amphibians (2007, 2008a, b). and reptiles due to forest loss and degradation as well as This study intends to promote future conservation the isolation of once continuous populations are serious efforts in this area by providing biodiversity and ecological problems. Along with decree of the Ministry of Forestry data on the herpetofauna. The aimed of this study is to No.424/Menhut-II/2004, the area of approximately 15,500 investigate structure community and habitat associations of ha on mount Ciremai should be set aside as a national park. different species on rainy and dry seasons in Gunung However, very few data are available regarding the biota of Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia. this region. Herpetofauna is not an exception despite the fact that amphibians and reptiles form an important part of the ecosystem as significant predators on invertebrates as MATERIALS AND METHODS well as smaller vertebrates, and are themselves important food items for birds and mammals (Howell 2002). Study area. Gunung Ciremai National Park is located Knowledge of biodiversity and organization of its in West Java and a proximally 200 km southeast of Jakarta communities is essential for the development of with altitude between 500 and 3,078 above sea level. conservation policies and a sustainable environmental Annually rain fall in this area is 2,000 to 4,500 mm. The management system. Given the limited conservation survey were focused on three sites, they are Palutungan, resources, such knowledge provides the basis for Linggarjati and Seda, Kuningan District, West Java (Figure 1). identifying important areas to be conserved and threats that Palutungan site is southern part of mount Ciremai and needs to be mitigated. This may only be achieved if sound begin from 1,400 m in elevation. The habitat types of this knowledge exists of systematic, taxon distributions and site are included agro-ecosystem, shrub-old pine forest, habitat associations (Gillespie et al. 2005). The data of their secondary and primary forest. Linggarjati site is eastern RIYANTO – Herpetofauna in Gunung Ciremai National Park 39

rocky substrate. Shrub-old pine forest was defined as old pine forest with full shrub, historically this habitat is pine plantation in the long time ago. Secondary forest was defined as regenerating forest historically cleared for coffee and pine plantation, 3 the canopy was semi covered. The secondary forest habitat also included a small stream with rocky substrate. Primary forest in this study included the forest area with canopy height 20 up to 50 m, full cover canopy and these areas have variety gentle ground 2 and also included small stream with rocky substrate. Field sampling. The surveys were conducted in March and October 2008. The March sampling period was represented rainy season, meanwhile the October sampling period was represented dry season. 1 All habitat types in every survey sites were surveyed by active opportunistic searches twice both of during days or during nights. The active opportunistic search is the researcher Figure 1. Map showing position of the study sites of (1) Palutungan, (2) Linggarjati and active looking for the herpetofauna on (iii) Seda at Gunung Ciremai National Park and around. all microhabitats such as under logs, debris, rocks etc. Night census was part on the mount and begin from 600 m in elevation with undertaken by four people wearing headlamp, slowly habitat type included agro-ecosystem, pine forest, walking across an area of broadly consistent habitat type secondary and primary forest. Meanwhile, Seda site is a with time duration. The time searching was consistently lowland area with elevation about 550 m asl., two habitat applied seven hours for day censuses and three hours for types was identified from this area, they are agro- night censuses. ecosystem and primary lowland forest. The lowland forest Species identification. The following literature was in Seda has been holy by the local society so this forest was consulted for identification, and nomenclature protected and in good condition, composing by big trees. Rooij (1915, 1917), Brongersma (1942), Musters (1983), Canopy cover was classified into three categories based Manthey and Grossmann (1997), Stuebing and Inger on qualitative description: full cover, semi cover and open. (1999), Iskandar and Colijn (2000, 2001) and Mausfeld et A location were note as full cover if the canopy is dense al. (2002) for reptiles; and van Kampen (1923), Inger and enough to shade out the majority (>50%) of sunlight. Semi Stuebing (1989), Iskandar (1998, 2004), Manthey and cover was noted if the canopy broken where the sunlight Grossmann (1997) and Frost et al. (2006) for amphibians. penetrated to the forest floor, and open was noted if no Data analysis. All data collected was separated in wet canopy existed at all. The habitat were classified into six and dry periods to analysis. The species diversity for each types: (i) agro-ecosystem in low elevation (AE 1), 600-900 habitat was determined by using the Shannon Wiener Index m asl.; (ii) agro-ecosystem in high elevation (AE 2), 1100- (H’). The higher value of H’, the greater the diversity and 1500 m asl.; (iii) lowland forest (LF), 550-600 m asl.; (iv) supposedly the cleaner the environment (Ludwig and shrub-old pine forest (SOP); 1500-1600 m asl., (v) Reynolds 1988; Metcalfe 1989). secondary forest (SF), 1600-1700 m asl.; and (vi) primary forest (PF), 1700-2000 m asl. Agro-ecosystem included all H’ =-Σ [ (ni / N ) ln (ni / N ) ] areas under cultivation outside of villages but in the border of national park, including plantations (cabbages, potato, H’ = Shannon -Wiener index onions, banana, coffee and durian) and crop (young pine). N = Total individuals of population sampled Majority the canopies were open, except at durian and ni = Total individuals belonging to the i spesiec coffee plantations were semi covered. The agro-ecosystem habitat especially in Palutungan site includes a small water Richness Index that has been used was Margalef’s fall as a micro habitat (the water fall is named Curug Index (R). This index indicates the number of species in a Ciputri). Lowland forest was defined as forest area with sample or the abundance of the species per unit area canopy height 20 up to 30 m with large diameter up to 2.5 (Ludwig and Reynolds 1988; Metcalfe 1989). m, classified as full cover; include a small stream with 40 BIODIVERSITAS 12 (1): 38-44, January 2011

R = S -1 / ln (N) leucomystax), three lizards (Dasia olivacea, Draco volans and Eutropis sp.A), and four snakes (Ahaetulla prasina, R = Margalef richness index Dendrelaphis pictus, Oligodon bitorquatus and S = Total of species Xenodermus javanicus). Meanwhile, only one species was N = Total of individuals sampled restricted to high land agro-ecosystem (H. masonii). Six species were restricted to both of low and high land agro- Homogeneity or pattern of distribution of species in ecosystem consisted by three anurans (Duttaphrynus relation to other species in a sampled per unit area was melanostictus, Phrynoidis aspera and calculated using Evenness Index (E) (Southwood 1971). reinwardtii) and three lizards (Cosymbotus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata and Eutropis multifasciata). E = H’ / ln S In the lowland forest, ten species were found consisted by three anurans (Rana chalconota, Limnonectes kuhlii and E = Evenness index Occidozyga sumatrana), six lizards ( H’ = Shannon -Wiener diversity index chamaeleontinus, Cyrtodactylus fumosus, Hemidactylus S= Total of species frenatus, Eutropis sp.B, Sphenomorphus sanctus and Sphenomorphus temminckii) and one snake (P. reticulatus). To assess degree of similarity in herpetofauna Four of them were countered restrict to lowland forest communities among habitat types surveyed, Sorensen (Eutropis sp.B, G. chamaeleontinus, P. reticulatus and O. coefficient were used. Meanwhile, the Jaccard’s index was sumatrana). Eight species were encountered in shrub old used to estimate similarities in habitat utilization based on pine forest comprising three anurans (M. montana, Rana presence/absence of each taxon in each habitat types. Thus, hosii and aurifasciatus), four lizards both of community similarities and habitat utilization (Gonocephalus kuhlii, Pseudocalotes tympanistriga, C. displayed in cluster dendrogram were produced by using fumosus and S. temminckii) and one snake (Calamaria unweighted pair group methods using arithmetic averages virgulata). R. hosii was recorded restrict to this habitat (UPGMA) (Gillespie et al. 2005) using NTSYSpc 2.1. type. Two species of anurans associated with the secondary (Rohlf 2000). forest include M. montana and P. aurifasciatus; meanwhile the reptiles represented by seven species, include six lizards (B. jubata, B. cristatella, G. kuhlii, Pseudocalotes RESULTS AND DISCUSSION tympanistriga, C. fumosus and S. temminckii) and one snake (C. virgulata). B. cristatella was restricted to Species composition secondary forest. In the primary forest, only one anuran A total of 46 amphibian and reptile species were was encountered that is P. aurifasciatus, three lizards (G. recorded during both of rainy and dry season in 2008 kuhlii, P. tympanistriga and S. temminckii) and one snake (Table 1) comprising 16 anurans, 22 lizards and 8 snakes. (C. virgulata). Of the 46 species recorded, four anurans are endemic to Java (Huia masonii, Megophrys montana, Microhyla Dry season achatina and Rhacophorus margaritifer) and two reptiles In the dry season, a total of 14 amphibians and 23 are listed in CITES app. II (Varanus salvator and Python reptiles were recorded; comprising 14 anurans, 19 lizards reticulatus). Unidentified and possibly undescribed lizards and 4 snakes. The was dominated the species of unusual specimen referred to the genus fauna (four species, 28.57%), followed by Ranidae (three Cyrtodactylus and Eutropis. species, 21.43%), Bufonidae, Dicroglossidae and Megophryidae (each two species, 14.26%) and Rainy season Microhylidae (one species, 7.14%). Meanwhile for lizards, In the rainy season, a total of 15 amphibians and 22 was dominant with represented by eight species reptiles were recorded that comprising 15 anurans, 16 (42.1%), followed by Gekkonidae (six species, 31.58%), lizards and 6 snakes. The Dicroglossidae was dominated Scincidae (three species, 19.79), Lacertidae and Varanidae the frog fauna (four species, 26.67%), followed by Ranidae (each one species, 5.26). Snake species was represented by and Rhacophoridae (each three species, 20%), Bufonidae two families, Colubridae (three species, 75%) and Elapidae and Megophryidae (each two species, 13.33%), and (one species, 25%). Microhylidae (one species, 6.67%). Meanwhile for lizards, A total of 25 species were associated with the agro- Agamidae and Scincidae were dominant with each ecosystem comprising 10 anurans, 12 lizards and 3 snakes. represented six species (37.5%), and followed by Eleven species were restricted to lowland agro-ecosystem Gekkonidae (four species, 25%). Snake species was (D. melanostictus, Microhyla achatina, L. hasseltii, H. represented by two families, Colubridae (five species, masonii, F. cancrivora, Polypedates leucomystax, R. 83.33%) and Pythonidae (one species, 16.67%). reinwardtii, B. jubata, Draco fimbriatus, D. volans, C. A total of 26 species were associated with agro- platyurus, G. mutilata, E. multifasciata, Taxidromus ecosystem (non forest habitation) comprising 11 anurans, sexlineatus, V. salvator, A. prasina, Calamaria schlegeli 11 lizards and 4 snakes. Twelve species were restricted to and Bungarus fasciatus). Two species were only found on lowland agro-ecosystem consisted by five anurans highland agro-ecosystem (H. masonii and Calamaria (Fejervarya cancrivora, Leptobrachium hasseltii, schlegeli). Five species were associated both of high and Limnonectes macrodon, M. achatina and Polypedates RIYANTO – Herpetofauna in Gunung Ciremai National Park 41

Table 1. Species of amphibians and reptiles recorded on six different habitat types during rainy and dry season 2008 in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java. Habitat Types and elevation AE1 LF AE2 SOP SF PF Taxa (600-900) (550-600) (1,100-1500) (1500-1600) (1600-1700) (1700-2000) R D R D R D R D R D R D Bufonidae Duttaphrynus melanostictus 8 6 0 0 7 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 Phrynoidis aspera 13 7 0 0 10 3 0 5 0 0 0 0 Microhylidae Microhyla achatina 13 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Megophryidae Leptobrachium hasseltii 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Megophrys montana 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 7 5 0 0 Ranidae Huia masonii 0 0 0 0 13 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rana chalconota 15 20 23 15 8 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 Rana hosii 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 8 0 0 0 0 Dicroglossidae Limnonectes macrodon 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Limnonectes kuhlii 20 16 8 3 9 7 0 7 0 0 0 0 Fejervarya cancrivora 15 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Occidozyga sumatrana 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rhacophoridae Philautus aurifasciatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 23 16 13 16 13 Polypedates leucomystax 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rhacophorus margaritifer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Rhacophorus reinwardtii 6 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Agamidae Bronchocela jubata 19 16 0 0 3 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 Bronchocela cristatella 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 Draco fimbriatus 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Draco haematopogon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Draco volans 20 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gonocephalus kuhlii 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 10 7 3 4 Gonocephalus chamaeleontinus 0 0 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudocalotes tympanistriga 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 21 57 29 28 7 Gekkonidae Cosymbotus platyurus 6 4 0 0 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cyrtodactylus fumosus 0 0 8 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 0 0 Cyrtodactylus sp.A 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 5 0 0 Cyrtodactylus sp.B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Gehyra mutilata 3 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hemidactylus frenatus 3 2 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scincidae Dasia olivacea 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eutropis multifasciata 19 12 0 0 19 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eutropis sp.A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eutropis sp.B 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sphenomorphus sanctus 2 1 24 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sphenomorphus temminckii 8 0 2 3 0 0 5 0 30 23 9 1 Lacertidae Taxidromus sexlineatus 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Varanidae Varanus salvator 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Colubridae Ahaetulla prasina 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Calamaria schlegeli 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Calamaria virgulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 0 Dendrelaphis pictus 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oligodon bitorquatus 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Xenodermus javanicus 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Elapidae Bungarus fasciatus 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pythonidae Python reticulatus 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of species 24 21 10 8 12 13 8 12 9 9 5 4 Number of Individuals 192 143 88 56 85 60 59 79 130 88 58 25 Shannon (H’) 2.804 2.653 1.870 1.680 2.252 2.226 1.448 1.984 1.608 1.778 1.265 1.118 Pielou (E) 0.882 0.871 0,812 0.808 0.906 0.868 0.696 0.798 0.732 0.809 0.786 0.807 Margalef (R) 4.375 4.030 2.010 1.739 2.476 2.931 1.717 2.517 1.644 1.787 0.955 0.932 Note: AE1-agro-ecosystem in low elevation, LF-lowland forest, AE2-agro-ecosystem in high elevation, SOP-shrub old pine forest, SF- secondary forest, PF-primary forest, R-rainy season and D-dry season. 42 BIODIVERSITAS 12 (1): 38-44, January 2011 lowland agro-ecosystem (D. melanostictus, Bronchocela homogeny was demonstrated by agro-ecosystem in low jubata, C. platyurus, G. mutilata and E. multifasciata). elevation (E= 0.871), followed by agro-ecosystem in high Eight species were associated with lowland forest elevation (E= 0.868), secondary forest (E= 0.809), lowland comprising two anurans (R. chalconota and L. kuhlii) and forest (E= 0.808), primary forest (E= 0.807), and shrub old six lizards (G. chamaeleontinus, C. fumosus, Cyrtodactylus pine forest (E= 0.798). Like as richness and diversity spA., H. frenatus, S. sanctus and S. temminckii). G. indices, the evenness index also showed same phenomena. chamaeleontinus was restricted to lowland forest. Twelve Although change in sequential, the value of index was not species were encountered in shrub old pine forest consisted much different in both of rainy and dry season. of six anurans (P. aspera, R. chalconota, R. hosii, L. kuhlii, P. aurifasciatus and R. margaritifer), and six lizards Community similarities and habitat utilization (Draco haematopogon, G. kuhlii, P. tympanistriga, C. The cluster of the herpetofaunal community among fumosus, Cyrtodactylus sp.A and Cyrtodactylus sp.B). Four habitat types based on Sorensen index presented in Figure of them were found restrict to this habitat type (R. hosii, R. 2. With respect to Sorensen’s coefficient at the point 60.00 margaritifer, D. haematopogon and Cyrtodactylus sp.B). that was shown a difference cluster between during dry and Nine species were recorded associated to secondary forest rainy seasons. During dry season the habitat types were comprising two anurans (M. montana and P. aurifasciatus), pooled in five main groups with secondary and primary six lizards (Bronchocela cristatella, G. kuhlii, P. forest pooled in one group at point 62.00 meanwhile there tympanistriga, C. fumosus, Cyrtodactylus spA., and S. was only consisted four main groups during rainy season temminckii) and one snake (C. virgulata). Two of them with three habitat types (shrub old pine, secondary and were restrict to secondary forest (M. montana and C. primary forest) pooled in one group. The differences of virgulata). Four species were encountered associated to clustering between dry and rainy seasons probably were primary forest, comprising one anuran (P. aurifasciatus) caused by distribution changes of the herpetofauna as the and three lizards (G. kuhlii, P. tympanistriga and S. response of climate difference in two seasons. temminckii). The cluster of habitat utilization displayed in Figure 3. This cluster was also shown changes in habitat utilization Biological indices between dry and rainy season, except for G. Calculations of biological indices presented in Table 1. chamaeleontinus. This lizard is specialist low land forest. During rainy season, the agro-ecosystem in low elevation demonstrated the highest value of richness index (R) which was 4.375 followed by agro-ecosystem in high elevation (R = 2.476), lowland forest (R=2.010), shrub old pine forest A (R=1.717), secondary forest (R=1.644), and primary forest (R=0.955). Meanwhile in the dry season, the highest value of richness index was demonstrated by lowland agro- ecosystem (R= 4.030), followed by highland agro- ecosystem (R=2.931), shrub old pine forest (R= 2.517), secondary forest (R=1.787), lowland forest (R= 1.739), and primary forest (R= 0.932). These values showed that between rainy and dry season the distribution changes of the species was not much influenced on species richness. During rainy season in this study, the highest diversity was recorded in lowland agro-ecosystem (H’=2.804), agro- ecosystem in high elevation (H’= 2.252), lowland forest (H’= 1.870), secondary forest (H’= 1.608), shrub old pine B forest (H’= 1.448), and primary forest (H’= 1.265). Meanwhile in the dry season, the agro-ecosystem in low elevation was demonstrated the highest diversity (H’= 2.653), followed by agro-ecosystem in high elevation (H’= 2.226), shrub old pine forest (H’= 1.984), secondary forest (H’= 1.778), lowland forest (H’= 1.680), and primary forest (H’= 1.118). Sequentially any difference of diversity between rainy and dry season, but in the value was not much different. For the homogeneities among habitat types based on species distribution during rainy season, the agro- ecosystem in high elevation was demonstrated highest Figure 2. Dendrogram of the similarity of herpetofaunal homogeny (E= 0.906), followed by agro-ecosystem in low community among habitat types based on Sorensen coefficient elevation (E= 0.882), lowland forest (E= 0.812), primary during dry (A) and rainy (B) season. AE1-lowland agro- forest (E= 0.786), secondary forest (E= 0.732), and shrub ecosystem, LF-lowland forest, AE2-highland agro-ecosystem, SOP-shrub old pine forest, SF-secondary forest, and PF-primary forest. old pine forest (E= 0.696). In dry season, the most RIYANTO – Herpetofauna in Gunung Ciremai National Park 43

A

B

Figure 3. Dendrogram of the similarities in habitat use among taxa based on Jaccard’s coefficient during dry season (A) and (B) during rainy season. AE1-lowland agro-ecosystem, LF-lowland forest, AE2-highland agro-ecosystem, SOP-shrub old pine forest, SF-secondary forest, PF-primary forest, R-rainy season and D-dry season. 44 BIODIVERSITAS 12 (1): 38-44, January 2011

CONCLUSION Campbell LA, Blotto BL, Moler P, Drewes RC, Nussbaum RA, Lynch JD, Green DM, Wheeler WC (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 297: 1-370. A total of 46 amphibian and reptile taxa were recorded, Gillespie G, Howard S, Lockie D, Scroggie M, Boeadi (2005) comprising 16 anurans, 22 lizards and 8 snakes. Of the total Herpetofaunal richness and community structure of offshore islands taxa, four anurans are endemic and unusual specimens of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biotropica 37: 279-290. probably new in sciences referred to the genus Howell K (2002) Amphibians and reptiles: the reptiles. In: Davies G, Hoffmann M (eds) African forest biodiversity: a field survey manual Cyrtodactylus and Eutropis. This finding can be used as for vertebrates. Earthwatch Institute, London. baseline data for further researches and manage on the Inger RF, Stuebing RB (1989) of Sabah. Sabah Park Publication fauna of the Gunung Ciremai National Park. There were No.10, Kota Kinabalu. differed in sequential of biological indices among habitat Iskandar DT (1998) The amphibians of Java and Bali. Research and Development Centre for Biology -LIPI -GEF -Biodiversity Collection types but not much different in their values between rainy Project, Bogor. and dry seasons. It means all habitat types in Gunung Iskandar DT (2004) The amphibians and reptiles of Malinau region, Ciremai National Park are important for herpetofaunal life Bulungan research forest, East Kalimantan: annotated checklist with both in rainy and dry seasons. The distribution change of notes on ecological preferences of the species and local utilization. Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor. the herpetofauna is the consequence of the climate change Iskandar DT, Colijn E (2000) Preliminary checklist of Southeast Asian between rainy and dry season. This distribution change was and New Guinean herpetofauna. I. Amphibians. Treubia 31 (3): 1- reflected in difference of cluster patterns of the community 133. similarity among habitat types. It seems that in order Iskandar DT, Colijn E (2001) A checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean reptiles Part I: Serpentes. The Gibbon Foundation, Jakarta. considered the seasonal variation and to understand on Ludwig JA, Reynolds JF (1988) Statistical ecology: a primer on methods herpetofauna distribution patterns as reflection of and computing. John Willey and Sons, New York. biological adaptations of thermal requirements, the study Manthey U, Grossmann W (1997) Amphibien and reptilien Sudostasiens. should be continued or done monitoring seasonally year to Natur & Tier-Verlag, Berlin. Mausfeld P, Schmitz A, Bohme W, Misof B, Vricradic D, Rocha CFD year. (2002) Phylogenetic affinities of Mabouya atlantica Schmidt, 1945, endemic to the Atlantic ocean archipelago of Fernando de Noronha (Brazil): necessity of partitioning the genus Mabuya Fritzinger, 1826 (Scincidae: Lygosoma). Zoologischer Anzeiger 241: 281-293. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Metcalfe JL (1989) Biological water quality assessment of running waters based on microinvertebrates communities: history and present status in Europe. Environ Poll 60: 101-139. I thank to the Head of Gunung Ciremai National Park Musters CJM (1983) Taxonomy of the genus Draco L. (Agamidae, Lacertilia, Reptilia). Zoologische Verhandelingen No. 199. EJ Brill, and staffs for the permit, facilities and supporting of this Leiden. study. I also thank to Mulyadi and Wahyu Trilaksono de Rooij N (1915) The reptiles of the Indo-Australian archipelago I (technician on Herpetology laboratory, MZB, Cibinong- (Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria). EJ Brill, Leiden. 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