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Taxonomic Status of the Population of Rhacophorus Angulirostris Ahl

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Taxonomic Status of the Population of Rhacophorus Angulirostris Ahl SALAMANDRA 47(3) 133–143 20 AugustNew 2011 RhacophorusISSN 0036–3375 from Sumatra Taxonomic status of the population of Rhacophorus angulirostris Ahl, 1927 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra) and its description as a new species J. Maximilian Dehling Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften, Abteilung Biologie, AG Zoologie, Universität Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstr. 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 26 November 2010 Abstract. The taxonomic status of the population ofRhacophorus angulirostris from West Sumatra is reassessed. This record was based on five specimens that had been collected in Padang, West Sumatra, more than a century ago, are stored in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria, and were assigned to R. angulirostris from Borneo by Inger (1966). Reexamination revealed that the specimens from Sumatra share only few diagnostic characters with R. angulirostris from Borneo. Bornean and Sumatran specimens differ in the presence of a dermal projection at the tibio-tarsal articula- tion, male body size, snout shape, shape of the canthus rostralis and the supratympanic fold, extent of webbing between the fingers, size of the thenar tubercle, position of the nostrils, internarial distance, the eye-to-nostril distance, size of eye and tympanum, and size and position of the dentigerous processes of the vomers. The specimens from Padang were compared to all other Southeast Asian members of the genus and found to represent a distinct species, herein described as new, that appears to be not even closely related to R. angulirostris. Because the only record of R. angulirostris from Sumatra was based on these specimens, the geographic distribution of R. angulirostris is again restricted to northeastern Borneo. An identifica- tion key for the Rhacophorus species from Sumatra is provided. Key words. Amphibia, Rhacophorus pseudacutirostris sp. n., identification key, Indonesia, Borneo, endemism. Introduction Therefore, both R. reinwardtii and R. norhayatiae are in- cluded in the identification key to the Sumatran species of Species of the genus Rhacophorus Kuhl & van Hasselt, Rhacophorus provided below. 1822 are distributed from India to China and southern Ja- Rhacophorus angulirostris was originally described as pan and southeastwards to the Greater Sunda Islands and “Rhacophorus acutirostris” by Mocquard (1890) from the Philippines. The genus currently contains 82 species “Kina Balu” [= Gunung Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, north- (Frost 2011, Chan & Grismer 2010). eastern Borneo]. Subsequently, the species, which was Fourteen species of Rhacophorus have been reported originally described as Ixalus acutirostris by Peters (1867) from Sumatra: R. achantharrhena Harvey, Pemberton and which is now in the genus Philautus, was transferred & Smith, 2002; R. angulirostris Ahl, 1927; R. appendicula­ to the genus Rhacophorus, rendering R. acutirostris Moc- tus (Günther, 1858); R. barisani Harvey, Pemberton & quard, 1890 a junior homonym. Therefore, Mocquard’s Smith, 2002; R. bifasciatus van Kampen, 1923; R. catami­ (1890) original name was replaced with Rhacophorus an­ tus Harvey, Pemberton & Smith, 2002; R. cyanopuncta­ gulirostris by Ahl (1927). tus Manthey & Steiof, 1998; R. margaritifer (Schlegel, Rhacophorus angulirostris has been recorded only once 1837); R. modestus Boulenger, 1920; R. nigropalmatus from Sumatra by Inger (1966) who referred specimens Boulenger, 1895; R. pardalis Günther, 1858; R. poecilono­ of a Rhacophorus species collected at Padang, West Su- tus Boulenger, 1920; R. prominanus Smith, 1924; and R. matra, and deposited in the collection of the Naturhis- reinwardtii (Schlegel, 1840). Recently, R. norhayatiae torisches Museum Wien, Austria (NHW), to the Bornean Chan & Grismer, 2010 has been described from south- species R. angulirostris (using the old name R. acutirostris ern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. The species was Mocquard, 1890) based on the morphological characters provisionally included in the herpetofauna of Sumatra by he had studied. In the course of an ongoing study on the Chan & Grismer (2010) for closely matching the descrip- rhacophorids of the Sunda region, I examined the speci- tion of “Rhacophorus reinwardti var. lateralis” which had mens of the genus Rhacophorus from Sumatra deposited been described by Werner (1900) from Laut Tador, Batu in the collection of the NHW and noticed many morpho- Bahra, Sumatra, and formerly been considered a synonym logical differences between the specimens from Padang as- of R. reinwardtii. It is currently unclear, to which species signed to R. angulirostris by Inger (1966) and specimens of the Sumatran population belongs that has been referred to R. angulirostris from Borneo. The former represent a spe- as R. reinwardtii or if even both species occur on Sumatra. cies that appears to be not even closely related to R. an­ © 2011 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde e.V. (DGHT), Rheinbach, Germany All articles available online at http://www.salamandra-journal.com 133 J. Maximilian Dehling gulirostris and furthermore does not match any of the de- all species that are currently regarded as synonyms of spe- scribed species from Southeast Asia. Therefore, I formally cies occurring on Sumatra and/or Java, i.e., Rhacophorus describe it herein as new to science. As a consequence, the barbouri Ahl, 1923, R. javanus Boettger, 1893, R. phy llo­ geographic distribution of R. angulirostris is restricted to pygus Werner, 1900, and R. pulchellus Werner, 1900. northeastern Borneo. Additional information on characters used to compare Southeast Asian species of Rhacophorus and for working out the identification key to the Sumatran species was taken Material and methods from: Boulenger (1882, 1920), Werner (1900), van Kam- pen (1923), Ahl (1927), Inger et al. (1999), Ohler et al. Type specimens are stored in the collection of the Naturhis- (2000), Orlov et al. (2001), Harvey et al. (2002), Inger & torisches Museum Wien, Austria (NHW). I took the fol- Iskandar (2005), Wilkinson et al. (2005), Matsui & Pan- lowing measurements with a digital calliper (to the near- ha (2006), Orlov (2008), Dehling & Grafe (2008), Or- est 0.1 mm): snout–vent length (SVL, from tip of snout lov et al. (2008, 2010), Ohler (2009), and Chan & Gris- to vent); tibiofibula length (TFL, measured with both the mer (2010). Where respective data was available, compari- knee and tibio-tarsal articulation flexed); knee to knee dis- sons were made for males and females separately. tance (KNE, distance between knees with thighs being held laterally at right angles to the body); thigh length (THL, half the knee to knee distance); tarsus + foot length (TarL; Rhacophorus pseudacutirostris sp. n. distance from tibio-tarsal articulation to tip of fourth toe); (Figs. 1–3) foot length (FOT, distance from proximal end of inner metatarsal tubercle to tip of fourth toe); total leg length Rhacophorus acutirostris (nec Rhacophorus acutirostris Mocquard, (LEG, distance from vent to tip of fourth toe, measured 1890, archeonym replaced by Rhacophorus angulirostris Ahl, 1927): with leg fully extended at a right angle to the body); length Inger (1966, partim). of fingers (1FL, 2FL, 3FL, 4FL, distance from proximal end Rhacophorus angulirostris (nec Rhacophorus angulirostris Ahl, 1927): of thenar tubercle to tip of first, second, third, and fourth Manthey & Grossmann (1997, partim); Harvey et al. (2002, par- finger, respectively); forearm + hand length (ARM, dis- tim); Malkmus et al. (2002, partim); Dehling (2008, partim); Tey- tance from elbow to tip of third finger); elbow to elbow nié et al. (2010, partim). distance (ELB, measured with upper arms held laterally at right angles to body and elbows flexed); head width (HW, Holotype: NHW 16301:5, adult male, from Padang, Sumat- distance between angles of jaw); head length (HL, distance era Barat (West Sumatra), Indonesia, collected between from angle of jaw to tip of snout); horizontal eye diameter 1890 and 1904 by Consul Johannes Schild. (ED); horizontal tympanum diameter (TD); upper eyelid width (EW); interorbital distance (IO, shortest distance be- Paratypes: NHW 16301:1, NHW 16301:3, two adult females, tween upper eyelids); eye to nostril distance (EN, distance NHW16301:2, 16301:4, two adult males, same data as holo- between anterior margin of eye and centre of nostril); nos- type. tril to snout distance (NS, distance between centre of nos- tril and tip of snout); snout length (SL, distance between Diagnosis: A species of the genus Rhacophorus, distin- anterior margin of eye and tip of snout); internarial dis- guishable from its congeners by the combination of the tance (NN, distance between centres of nostrils). The web- following characters: (1) small to medium size (SVL of bing formulae are given as proposed by Myers & Duell- adult males 37.0–39.9 mm, adult females 51.8–52.3 mm); man (1982). (2) snout obtusely pointed in both dorsal view and profile; For comparisons, I examined museum specimens of (3) head wider than trunk and wider than long; (4) canthus several species of Rhacophorus (see Appendix). Museum rostralis distinct; (5) nostrils closer to tip of snout than to abbreviations are as follows: The Natural History Museum eye, separated from each other by distance subequal to dis- (British Museum [Natural History]), London, United King- tance between eye and nostril; (6) eyes moderately large; dom (BMNH); The Field Museum (Field Museum of Natu- (7) eye diameter greater
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