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A New Bush Frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae: Philautus) from Gunung Mulu National Park, East Malaysia (Borneo)

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A New Bush Frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae: Philautus) from Gunung Mulu National Park, East Malaysia (Borneo) SALAMANDRA 46(2) 63–72 20 May 2010A newISSN Philautus 0036–3375 from Borneo A new bush frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae: Philautus) from Gunung Mulu National Park, East Malaysia (Borneo) J. Maximilian Dehling Institute for Integrated Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstr. 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 3 February 2010 Abstract. A new bush frog of the Philautus aurifasciatus group is described from the montane forest of the karst mountain Gunung Api in the Gunung Mulu National Park, eastern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. The new species was hitherto assigned to Philautus longicrus, but differs from this species in snout length and shape, head length, hand length, snout proportions including internarial distance and relative position of the nostril, interorbital distance, eye diameter, nuptial pad shape, and the absence of a row of small, low white tubercles along the edge of the lower jaw. The advertisement call of the new species is described and compared to the calls of all other Bornean members of the P. aurifasciatus group. Key words. Amphibia, Anura, Rhacophoridae, Philautus juliandringi sp. n., Philautus longicrus, Sarawak, Palawan, adver- tisement call. Introduction P. umbra as a new species. Since then, three more species assigned to the P. aurifasciatus group have been described The rhacophorid frog genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 con- from Borneo (Malkmus & Riede 1996, Inger & Stue- tains about 150 species and is distributed from India and bing 1996, Matsui 2009). Despite Dring’s (1987) review, Sri Lanka through Indochina to the Greater Sunda Islands the P. aurifasciatus group remains one of the taxonomi- and the Philippines (Frost 2009). Currently, 17 species cally most challenging groups of Bornean frogs. Dring of Philautus are known from Borneo (Inger & Stuebing (1987) stated that he could only partly revise “this group 2005, Matsui 2009). They are classified into four species of confusingly variable species” and that “additional field groups (Dring 1987), the largest being the P. aurifascia- work is needed to identify the call-types of various popu- tus group (8 species). The species of this group are mor- lations and to determine the range of morphological vari- phologically quite variable and similar to each other and ation for each species”. therefore difficult to distinguish. In his monograph on the Among the frogs, Dring (1987) reported from Gunung Bornean amphibians, Inger (1966) treated P. acutirostris Mulu National Park, was a small Philautus species he had (Peters, 1867) (Philippines), P. longicrus (Boulenger, collected on Gunung Api. He tentatively assigned it to P. 1894) (Palawan and possibly Borneo), P. mjobergi Smith, longicrus, a species originally described from Palawan, 1925 (Borneo), and P. petersi (Boulenger, 1900) (Penin- Philippines, even though he already noted significant mor- sular Malaysia and Borneo) as synonyms of one highly phological differences between specimens from Api and variable species, namely P. aurifasciatus (Schlegel, 1837), Palawan, and stated that “the identification of the Api sam- originally described from Java, and considered P. amoe- ple is in doubt, but no available name seems more suitable” nus Smith, 1931 (Borneo) doubtfully distinct. During the (Dring 1987). During field work in the Gunung Mulu Na- joint expedition of the Sarawak Government and the Roy- tional Park, I collected a series of this form from Gunung al Geographic Society to the Gunung Mulu National Park Api. When I compared it morphologically with Philautus in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo in 1977 and 1978, Julian longicrus from Palawan, I could not only confirm the dif- Dring collected a number of species of what is now re- ferences noted by Dring (1987), but also found many ad- garded as the Philautus aurifasciatus group (Dring 1978, ditional ones and concluded that the two forms were not 1987, Dring & Kiew 1982). Among these, he found pairs conspecific. Therefore, I formally describe the species from of sympatric forms that differed in morphology and had Gunung Api as new to science in the following. distinctive advertisement calls, suggesting their specif- Gunung Mulu National Park is the second largest na- ic distinctness. In his subsequent review of the Bornean tional park in Sarawak, covering an area of 529 km2 (Haze- members of the genus Philautus, Dring (1987) arranged broek & Kashim bin Abang Morshidi 2006). Includ- the species into four groups. Within the P. aurifasciatus ing the new species, 16 species of anurans have been de- group, he restricted P. aurifasciatus to Java, resurrected scribed from the park, ten of which are considered endem- P. mjobergi, P. petersi, P. longicrus, and P. acutirostris (and ic (Dring 1983a, 1983b, 1987, Kiew 1984, Dubois 1987, In- some other species from outside Borneo), and described ger et al. 1995, Dehling 2008). © 2010 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde e.V. (DGHT), Rheinbach, Germany All articles available online at http://www.salamandra–journal.com 63 J. Maximilian Dehling Materials and methods sound analysis software (John Burt, www.syrinxpc.com) and Adobe Audition 1.5 software. Field work at Gunung Api was conducted during three nights in October and December 2007 and March 2009, re- spectively. Type specimens were collected at night, photo- Systematics graphed in life, euthanised in a chlorobutanol solution the following day, fixed in 10% formalin, and later transferred Philautus juliandringi sp. n. to 70% ethanol for long-term storage. Liver tissue samples, (Figs. 1–5) which were stored in 98% ethanol, were taken from one of the paratypes for later molecular analyses. Holotype: NMBE 1056438, adult male, from the Pinnacles From the preserved specimens, I took the following Trail (04°07’ N, 114°53’ E), northern slope of Gunung Api, measurements with a digital calliper (to the nearest 0.1 approx. 1100 m above sea level, Gunung Mulu National mm): snout–vent length (SVL, from tip of snout to vent); Park, Miri Division, Sarawak, Malaysia, collected by J. M. tibia–fibula length (TFL, measured with both knee and Dehling on 14 March 2009. tibiotarsal articulation flexed); thigh length (THL, from cloaca to knee); head width (HW, distance between angles Paratopotypes: NMBE 1056439, adult male, collected with of jaw); head length (HL, distance from angle of jaw to tip the holotype; SMNS 13625–627, three adult males, collected of snout); horizontal eye diameter (ED); horizontal tympa- on 24 October 2007, otherwise same data as for holotype. num diameter (TD); upper eyelid width (EW); interorbital distance (IO, shortest distance between upper eyelids); Diagnosis: A species of the Philautus aurifasciatus group, snout length (SL, distance from anterior margin of eye to distinguishable from its congeners by the combination tip of snout); eye to nostril distance (EN, distance between of the following characters: (1) small size, SVL of adult anterior margin of eye and centre of nostril); nostril to males less than 20.1 mm; (2) legs long, tibiotarsal articu- snout distance (NS, distance between centre of nostril and lation reaching far beyond tip of snout; (3) cutaneus pec- tip of snout); internarial distance (NN, distance between toris muscle present; (4) vomerine teeth absent; (5) snout centres of nostrils); hand length (HND, distance from base rounded in dorsal view, obtuse in profile, without rostral of thenar tubercle to tip of third finger); width of disc of cone; (6) interorbital distance greater than upper eyelid third finger (3FW); foot length (FOT, distance from base of width and internarial distance; (7) median lingual proc- inner metatarsal tubercle to tip of fourth toe); width of disc ess absent; (8) heel without dermal appendage; (9) smooth of fourth toe (4TW). The webbing formulae are given as nuptial pads present; (10) toes half-webbed; (11) dorsum proposed by Myers & Duellman (1982). Notes on colour brownish-yellow with faint markings during the night, in life are based on digital photographs taken in the habitat light brown with darker markings during the day; (12) an- and on the day following the collection. terolateral surfaces of thighs, groin and flanks largely un- For comparisons, I examined museum specimens of pigmented with bright yellow markings in life; (13) iris several species of Philautus (see Appendix). Museum ab- golden brown in life; (14) advertisement call consisting of breviations used are as follows: Field Museum of Natural a single note with 5 or 6 pulses and an energy maximum History, Chicago, Illinois, USA (FMNH); Naturhistor- at about 3200 Hz. isches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Switzerland (NMBE); Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Description of the holotype: Body moderately stout; head Germany (SMNS); Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-In- large (HL/SVL 0.33), wider than trunk and wider than long stitut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der (HW/HL 1.20); body widest at temporal region, tapering to Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (ZMB). groin; snout as long as eye diameter (SL/ED 1.01), rounded Additional information about morphological characters in dorsal view, obtuse in profile, projecting slightly, with- of Philautus longicrus from Palawan was taken from the out rostral cone; canthus rostralis moderately distinct, al- original description by Boulenger (1894), the accounts in most straight-lined between nostril and eye in profile, con- Inger (1954), Dring (1987), and Brown & Alcala (1994), cave in dorsal
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