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Mecanismos De Coordi Para Asegurar El Des Económico Y Ed Ecanismos Mecanismos de coordinación para asegurar el desarrollo económico y educativo FORO CONSULTIVO CIENTÍFICO Y TECNOLÓGICO Dr. Alejandro González Hernández Xalapa, Veracruz, 24 de noviembre de 2008 “Los Parques Tecnológicos son la invención más importante de la industrialización tecnológica del siglo XX” Jiang Zeming, ex ­presidente de China (1993 – 2003) ¿Qué no son los Parques Tecnológicos ? • NO admiten procesos de Parques manufactura ni producción Industriales en masa Centros de negocios • NO son centros inmobiliarios Centros de distribución, almacenaje, • NO hay comercialización logística Se estiman más de 500 parques en el mundo USA (40%) Europa (40%) Asia (20%) 61% de los PT han sido desarrollados después de la década de los 90’s Localización de parques En otros terrenos 53% 61% Dentro de un campus o 44% terrenos de la universidad Otros casos 3% • Nacieron en la década de los 50’s • El primero: Stanford Research Park en 1951 34% • Están fuertemente vinculados a universidades 1% 2% 2% 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2006 Evolución de los parques IASP. 2006 ¿Por qué existen regiones exitosas? • Las regiones que han logrado tener éxito a nivel mundial en la generación de empresas de alto crecimiento y competitivas han desarrollado sistemas locales eficientes de innovación, en los que los diferentes agentes y componentes realizan adecuada y eficientemente el papel que les corresponde, lo que permite a los emprendedores generar empresas exitosas de alto valor agregado • Este concepto se ha venido denominando como el “ecosistema de innovación” y siempre es de carácter regional o local ¿Por qué los parques son exitosos? Ecosistema eficiente Networking partnership Innovative Technology Human capital Physical infrastructure Presence of large firms a i Specialist services er t i Enterprise entrepreneurialism Cr s Access to finance es c c Access to markets u S Access to business support services Competition Access to information Communications Leadership Virtual aspects/ICT External economic impacts 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 % of opinions Ecotec/UK’sDepartment of Trade and Industry Definición del Ecosistema a • Un ecosistema define las relaciones dinámicas que se gestan entre los diversos agentes que participan del proceso productivo al interior de una determinada región, para detonar un entorno de emprendimiento favorable a la innovación, que a su vez impulse el desarrollo económicoo local. Es necesaria una interacción fluida a • Los principales agentes del ecosistema deben interactuar de manera muy fluida para promover la educación, la innovación, el espíritu emprendedor y la generación de valor para beneficio de la sociedad en su conjunto . ¿Quiénes son los agentes principales? • Algunos de esos agentes son: los gobiernos federal, estatal y municipal, las universidades y centros de investigación, las entidades financieras y de soporte, las empresas, sin olvidar al elemento más importante: LOS EMPRENDEDORES Elementos fundamentales para el éxito del ecosistema a • Desarrollar el talento necesario a través de una buena educación; • Brindarles a los centros de investigación una adecuada visión empresarial; • Insertar a la innovación como un ingrediente clave de la labor empresarial; • Proporcionar al sistema la infraestructura y recursos mínimos indispensables para que pueda desarrollarse; • Facilitar espacios comunes de comunicación e e intercambio. I+D+i ² • El Tecnológico de Monterrey ha desarrollado el modelo “Investigación+Desarrollo+Innovación e Incubación” (I+D+i²), para crear ecosistemas de innovación que impulsen el desarrollo emprendedor, tecnológico, económico y social de México. Ecosistema para el desarrollo regional del Tecnológico de Monterrey E Principales T S actores I INCUBADORAS M EMPREN­ Instituciones y LANDING DEDORES CLUBES Programas DE INVESTIGA­ G INVERSIO VERSIO­ DORES S NISTAS O PARQUES CENTROS Facilitadores CIENTIFICOS DESARROLLO DE APOYO E Y TECNOLO­ REGIONAL A LA B GICOS INDUSTRIA R Objetivo Final PROFESORES I ASESORES O EMPRESAS E GACELA EMPRESA­ D R RIOS ACELERADORAS E NO ND S E EMPRE Modelo de Gestión I+D+i 2 De las ideas a la creación de bienestar MARKET DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY P USH 1.Investigar 3. Desarrollar 5. Incubar 7. Impulsar 9. Fomentar Ideas Prototipos Empresas Aceleradoras Desarrollo Local Patentes Productos Instituciones Clusters Desarrollo Tecnologías Servicios Clubes de Industriales Regional inversionistasas Capital Modelos de Parques Desarrollo Humano negocios tecnológicos Nacional 2. 4. 6. 8. Movilizar Movilizar Movilizar Movilizar Interés en Recursos para la Fondos semilla, Planes de ideas, patentes, demostración de capitales de desarrollo regional, tecnologías tecnologías y Inversión e políticas creación de Inversionistas, económicas, prototipos Empresas desarrollo industrial comerciables ancla Adaptado de: Jolly, Vijay. 1997. I+D+i 2 Impactos y beneficios esperados (sectores económico, social, educativo y tecnológico) Aumentar el Capital Humano Modelo de I+D+i 2 especializado Incrementar PIB • Formar Capital Aumentar las Humano redes • Programas sociales de académicos colaboración Incrementar Empleo • Redes de Incrementar investigación, Reducir las brechas Competitividad desarrollo educativas y de la Región tecnológicos y tecnológicas Incrementar apoyo a la industria Nivel de Educación • Incubadoras y aceleradoras Aumentar la innovación • Parques industrial Incrementar Tecnológicos Empresas de Base Tecnológica Mejorar la gestión de creación de negocios Tipos de Parques Tecnológicos CONCEPTO EJEMPLOO VISIÓN DEL MODELO Parque de Desarrollo de Software y Parques para el desarrollo de Un parque que permita emplear I Business Process a alumnos y egresados en empleo de alto valor Outsourcing de actividades de alto valor TecMilenio Parques para transferencia Centro de Parques que faciliten la de tecnología, aceleración y Innovación y comercialización/transferencia II de tecnologías del Tec y la “ landing” de empresas de Transferencia de región a empresas de alto valor base tecnológica Tecnología (CIT 2) nacionales y extranjeras Parques que posicionen Parques para investigación y Centro e Incubadora globalmente la investigación III generación de empresas de de Biotecnología del Tec y la generación de base tecnológica (CBT) empresas de alta tecnología en sectores claves Parque de Parque de Ciencia y Tecnología Parques de Innovación y Investigación e IV que coadyuven a la Tecnología Innovación transformación de la economía Tecnológica (PIIT) regional Parque Tecnológico de Campus Monterrey Modelo II II INVESTIGACION DESARROLLO CENTROS PROYECTOS • Centro de Electrónica y è Módulo de VoIP (Centro de Telecomunicaciones Electrónica y • Centro de Sistemas Inteligentes Telecomunicaciones) • Centro de Innovación en Diseño y Tecnología è Aplicación de Cómputo Móvil (Centro de Investigación en POSGRADOS Informática) • MTI, MIT, MCT CÁTEDRAS Mecatrónica, • Tecnologías de Información Tecnologías de • Mecatrónica Vocación Información y Comunicaciones, Tecnologías limpias INCUBACION/ LANDING ACELERACION Superficie 3,800 m2 8 EMPRESAS 16 EMPRESAS Empleos 100 Inversión $24M CLUB DE INVERSIONISTAS MONTERREY Miembros Por definir Fondos Por definir Actividades de un Parque Tecnológico Parque Tipo III y IV Parque Tipo II Parque Tipo I Desarrollo Incubación de Aceleración Investigación “ Landing” de Tecnológico empresas de empresas empresas Financiamiento Público (CONACyT, Sectoriales, US, UE) y privado (Club de Inversionistas, BID) Parques Actuales PIT 2 MecatrónicaAutomotriz CBT Biotecnología CIT 2 TICs, Mecatrónica y Tecnologías Limpias Tec Milenio Parques 8 Las Torres Empresas >33 Empleos >2,000 Tec Tec Milenio Milenio Ferrería Culiacán Parque Científico y Tecnológico Guadalajara . Tec Milenio MODELO I Guadalajara MODELO II MODELO III MODELO IV Parques Futuros Parque de Ingeniería Autaomotriz CIT2 Hermosillo Ciudad Juárez Parque de Ingeniería y Diseño Automotriz Proyectos nuevos Saltillo que se incluyen en el 2008: Campus León, Irapuato, Tec Milenio Puebla, Edo. Mex. Reynosa Parque Automotriz San Luis Potosí Parque Tecnológico Leon Parque de Tecnologías de Información y Automotriz Parque Aguascalientes Tecnológico Irapuato Tecnópolis Esmeralda Parque Parque de Agro­Bio­Negocios Atizapán Tecnológico Culiacán Puebla Tec Milenio San Luis Potosi Tec Milenio CIT2 Villahermosa Edo México Tec Milenio Mazatlán MODELO I Parque Tra. nsferencia MODELO II Parque de Diseño y de Tecnología en Animación Gráfica MODELO III Biotecnología Morelia MODLO IV Cuernavaca p .
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