Climate Change and Migration in Mexico: a Report
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Organized Crime and Terrorist Activity in Mexico, 1999-2002
ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORIST ACTIVITY IN MEXICO, 1999-2002 A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the United States Government February 2003 Researcher: Ramón J. Miró Project Manager: Glenn E. Curtis Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540−4840 Tel: 202−707−3900 Fax: 202−707−3920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://loc.gov/rr/frd/ Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Criminal and Terrorist Activity in Mexico PREFACE This study is based on open source research into the scope of organized crime and terrorist activity in the Republic of Mexico during the period 1999 to 2002, and the extent of cooperation and possible overlap between criminal and terrorist activity in that country. The analyst examined those organized crime syndicates that direct their criminal activities at the United States, namely Mexican narcotics trafficking and human smuggling networks, as well as a range of smaller organizations that specialize in trans-border crime. The presence in Mexico of transnational criminal organizations, such as Russian and Asian organized crime, was also examined. In order to assess the extent of terrorist activity in Mexico, several of the country’s domestic guerrilla groups, as well as foreign terrorist organizations believed to have a presence in Mexico, are described. The report extensively cites from Spanish-language print media sources that contain coverage of criminal and terrorist organizations and their activities in Mexico. -
Mexico's Economic Competitiveness Strategy at a Geopolitical Inflection
A NEW ADMINISTRATION CONFRONTS A CHANGING WORLD: MEXICO’S ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS STRATEGY AT A GEOPOLITICAL INFLECTION POINT CHRISTOPHER WILSON GOVERNANCE | MAY 2019 A NEW ADMINISTRATION CONFRONTS A CHANGING WORLD: MEXICO’S ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS STRATEGY AT A GEOPOLITICAL INFLECTION POINT CHRISTOPHER WILSON EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Some three decades ago, Mexico made a bet on the global economy, and at a time when populism and protectionism are on the rise, the payoff is at risk. In response, Mexico must double down on its openness while addressing the critical structural problems, including corruption and inequality, that inhibit its domestic economy and led to the sweeping electoral victory of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) in 2018. This essay reviews Mexico’s economic progress and the challenges ahead as a new administration takes office at a time of significant stress on regional and global economic institutions. For more than a half-century following the Mexican Revolution, the country’s foreign policy was based on the principal of noninterventionism, a not so subtle way of telling the United States and others not to meddle in Mexico’s domestic affairs. The economic equivalent was Mexico’s policy of import substitution, which raised tariffs and barriers to foreign investment designed to protect the country’s domestic industries from international competition. The two combined to make Mexico an insular country, and despite the significant economic expansion achieved in the decades following World War II, by the 1970s, Mexico’s economy and politics were showing signs of strain. In the following decade, Mexico’s relationship with the world was flipped on its head. -
REPORT of the 46Th MEETING
REPORT OF THE 46th MEETING ARCADIA, CALIFORNIA NOVEMBER 27-29, 2012 2012 NAFC-FMWG Minutes Minutes of the 46th Annual Meeting of the North American Forest Commission – Fire Management Working Group Arcadia, California, USA Angeles National Forest Conference Room November 27-29, 2012 Tuesday November 27th, 2012 Hosted by the US Forest Service 1. Welcome Meeting called to order by Dale Dague of the US Forest Service, who welcomed everyone on behalf of the North American Forest Commission, thanked them for their attendance, and introduced Angeles National Forest Fire Management Officer James Hall. James Hall, Fire Management Officer, US Forest Service Angeles National Forest expressed his pleasure at having this group on the Angeles National Forest as the inaugural meeting in the newly remodeled training facility located at the Angeles National Forest Headquarters. 2. Introductions Roundtable introductions completed (see Appendix 1 for list of delegates in attendance) and Dale Dague conducted a review of the agenda and meeting logistics. 3. Meeting Overview Tuesday, November 27/13 Country Reports – Mexico, Canada, USA Review of 2011 FMWG meeting minutes CONANP Membership Proposal FMWG Charter Review Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation NAFC website proposal Review FMWG Work Plan and Action Items Hurricane Sandy Report International Liaison Committee (ILC) Update 6th International Wildland Fire Conference Update Wednesday, November 28/13 Field Trip to the Station Fire, Angeles National Forest Banquet for meeting delegates Thursday, November 29/13 Texas Wildfires of 2011 Forest Fire Managers Group (FFMG Update NAFC Update Travel to San Dimas Technology and Development Center (SDTDC) Tour of SDTDC Bilateral Wildfire Agreements update ICS Glossary Update (French Translation) Page 1 of 62 2012 NAFC-FMWG Minutes 4. -
Exploring the Relationship Between Militarization in the United States
Exploring the Relationship Between Militarization in the United States and Crime Syndicates in Mexico: A Look at the Legislative Impact on the Pace of Cartel Militarization by Tracy Lynn Maish A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Criminology and Criminal Justice) in the University of Michigan-Dearborn 2021 Master Thesis Committee: Assistant Professor Maya P. Barak, Chair Associate Professor Kevin E. Early Associate Professor Donald E. Shelton Tracy Maish [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8834-4323 © Tracy L. Maish 2021 Acknowledgments The author would like to acknowledge the assistance of their committee and the impact that their guidance had on the process. Without the valuable feedback and enormous patience, this project would not the where it is today. Thank you to Dr. Maya Barak, Dr. Kevin Early, and Dr. Donald Shelton. Your academic mentorship will not be forgotten. ii Table of Contents 1. Acknowledgments ii 2. List of Tables iv 3. List of Figures v 4. Abstract vi 5. Chapter 1 Introduction 1 6. Chapter 2 The Militarization of Law Enforcement Within the United States 8 7. Chapter 3 Cartel Militarization 54 8. Chapter 4 The Look into a Mindset 73 9. Chapter 5 Research Findings 93 10. Chapter 6 Conclusion 108 11. References 112 iii List of Tables Table 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 80 Table 2 ......................................................................................................................................... -
THE NEW GENERAL LAW on CLIMATE CHANGE in MEXICO Leading National Action to Transition to a Green Economy
A LEGAL WORKING BRIEF ON THE NEW GENERAL LAW ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN MEXICO Leading National Action to Transition to a Green Economy EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Mexico passed the General Law on Climate Change on April 19, 2012, establishing a new leading global legal best practice to address climate change. Mexico has become the second country, after the United Kingdom, to set out a regulatory framework that comprehensively addresses climate change through a committed multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder approach. Importantly, this Law removes the challenge of addressing climate change from the whims of political parties and electoral cycles, and declares it to be a long-term priority of the Mexican State with innovative new legal tools and institutions created to meet this challenge. The provisions of the General Law incorporate recommendations of the two national studies completed by IDLO in 2011, the world’s first Legal Preparedness for Climate Change Assessment Report and a Country Study on Legal Preparedness for REDD+ in Mexico. ‘Addressing climate change is removed from the whims of electoral cycles and declared a long- term priority of the Mexican State‘ The key leading features of the General Law on Climate Change include: Fulfillment of International Commitments: The drafting of this new legislation presents a clear alignment with safeguards for REDD+ activities that are contained in paragraph 70 and Annex 1 of the Cancun Agreements, as well as with additional guidance in the COP 17 Durban Outcomes. It also conforms to criteria, definitions, mechanisms and commitments in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol, and criteria established by other international organizations such as FAO, on the issue of climate change. -
2021 Rio Grande Valley/Deep S. Texas Hurricane Guide
The Official Rio Grande Valley/Deep South Texas HURRICANE GUIDE 2021 IT ONLY TAKES ONE STORM! weather.gov/rgv A Letter to Residents After more than a decade of near-misses, 2020 reminded the Rio Grande Valley and Deep South Texas that hurricanes are still a force to be reckoned with. Hurricane Hanna cut a swath from Padre Island National Seashore in Kenedy County through much of the Rio Grande Valley in late July, leaving nearly $1 billion in agricultural and property damage it its wake. While many may now think that we’ve paid our dues, that sentiment couldn’t be further from the truth! The combination of atmospheric and oceanic patterns favorable for a landfalling hurricane in the Rio Grande Valley/Deep South Texas region can occur in any season, including this one. Residents can use the experience of Hurricane Hanna in 2020 as a great reminder to be prepared in 2021. Hurricanes bring a multitude of hazards including flooding rain, damaging winds, deadly storm surge, and tornadoes. These destructive forces can displace you from your home for months or years, and there are many recent cases in the United States and territories where this has occurred. Hurricane Harvey (2017), Michael (2018, Florida Panhandle), and Laura (2020, southwest Louisiana) are just three such devastating events. This guide can help you and your family get prepared. Learn what to do before, during and after a storm. Your plan should include preparations for your home or business, gathering supplies, ensuring your insurance is up to date, and planning with your family for an evacuation. -
The Rio Grande River Floods the National Butterfly Center
Jeffrey Glassberg Jeffrey The Rio Grande River Floods the National Butterfly Center by Pat Wogan 24 American Butterflies,Fall 2010 25 Left: An interpretive kiosk on the south side of the National Butterfly Center, just south of the levy, was destroyed by the Above left: The storm track of flooding. July 19, Hurricane Alex. Color shows 2010. storm intensity with blue indicating a tropical depression, cream a category 1 hurricane and yellow a Jeffrey Glassberg Jeffrey category 2 hurricane. Above right: A satellite photo of Left: Volunteers Hurricane Alex as it made landfall. constructing the same interpretive Right: A map of the Rio Grande kiosk in 2009. Watershed in extreme southern One can estimate Texas and northeastern Mexico. the depth of the flooding water Overleaf: A view of the southern at this point by portion of the National Butterfly comparing the two Center on July 19, 2010. photos. It looks to be about five and one-half feet. In late June, 2010, Tropical Depression Although the hurricane’s high winds Alex formed in the Atlantic. Moving into and heavy rainfall led to immediate damage, the Gulf of Mexico, Alex moved rapidly including flooding on South Padre Island, it toward northeastern Mexico and became was the later effects of the hurricane’s rainfall Hurricane Alex on June 30. Intensifying as that caused more serious problems in south it approached land, the storm made landfall Texas. rise. Then came Alex. On July 15, 2010, Within a few days, it became clear that the near Soto la Marina in the state of Tamaulipas, The Rio Grande River Watershed, the life water levels at Falcon Reservoir, about 50 capacity of the floodway was less than was Mexico with sustained winds of more than 100 blood of extreme south Texas, drains only miles northwest of the National Butterfly needed. -
Organised Crime and State Sovereignty
Organised Crime and State Sovereignty The conflict between the Mexican state and drug cartels 2006-2011 Jelena Damnjanovic Honours IV 2011 Department of Government and International Relations The University of Sydney Word Count: 19,373 Student ID: 308171594 This work is substantially my own, and where any part of this work is not my own, I have indicated this by acknowledging the source of that part or those parts of the work. Abstract Since December 2006, the government of Mexico has been embroiled in a battle against numerous criminal organisations seeking to control territory and assure continued flow of revenue through the production and trafficking of drugs. Although this struggle has been well documented in Mexican and international media, it has not received as much scholarly attention due to the difficulties involved with assessing current phenomena. This thesis seeks to play a small part in filling that gap by exploring how and why the drug cartels in Mexico have proved a challenge to Mexico’s domestic sovereignty and the state’s capacity to have monopoly over the use of force, maintain effective and legitimate law enforcement, and to exercise control over its territory. The thesis will explain how the violence, corruption and subversion of the state’s authority have resulted in a shift of the dynamics of power from state agents to criminal organizations in Mexico. It also suggests implications for domestic sovereignty in regions experiencing similar problems with organized crime, perhaps pointing to a wider trend in international -
River Restoration for Climate Change Adaptation (RIOS)
River Restoration for Climate Change Adaptation (RIOS) | Mexico FMCN 22 October 2019 Project/Programme title: River Restoration for Climate Change Adaptation (RIOS) Country(ies): Mexico National Designated Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP) Authority(ies) (NDA): Executing Entities: Fund for the Gulf of Mexico (FGM), Northwest Fund (FONNOR) Accredited Entity(ies) (AE): Fondo Mexicano para la Conservación de la Naturaleza A.C. Date of first submission/ 10/21/2019 V.1 version number: Date of current submission/ 2/18/2020 V.2 version number A. Project / Programme Information (max. 1 page) ☒ Project ☒ Public sector A.2. Public or A.1. Project or programme A.3 RFP Not applicable private sector ☐ Programme ☐ Private sector Mitigation: Reduced emissions from: ☐ Energy access and power generation: 0% ☐ Low emission transport: 0% ☐ Buildings, cities and industries and appliances: 0% A.4. Indicate the result ☒ Forestry and land use: 10% areas for the project/programme Adaptation: Increased resilience of: ☒ Most vulnerable people and communities: 20% ☐ Health and well-being, and food and water security: 0% ☐ Infrastructure and built environment: 0% ☒ Ecosystem and ecosystem services: 70% A.5.1. Estimated mitigation impact 2,568,000 tCO2eq (tCO2eq over project lifespan) A.5.2. Estimated adaptation impact 63,294 direct beneficiaries (number of direct beneficiaries) A.5. Impact potential A.5.3. Estimated adaptation impact 865,634 indirect beneficiaries (number of indirect beneficiaries) A.5.4. Estimated adaptation impact 0.67% of the country’s total population (% of total population) A.6. Financing information A.6.1. Indicative GCF funding requested (max Amount: 9,000,000 Currency: USD Financial Instrument: Grants 10M) A.6.2. -
Sonora, Mexico
Higher Education in Regional and City Development Higher Education in Regional and City Higher Education in Regional and City Development Development SONORA, MEXICO, Sonora is one of the wealthiest states in Mexico and has made great strides in Sonora, building its human capital and skills. How can Sonora turn the potential of its universities and technological institutions into an active asset for economic and Mexico social development? How can it improve the equity, quality and relevance of education at all levels? Jaana Puukka, Susan Christopherson, This publication explores a range of helpful policy measures and institutional Patrick Dubarle, Jocelyne Gacel-Ávila, reforms to mobilise higher education for regional development. It is part of the series Vera Pavlakovich-Kochi of the OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them. Sonora, Mexico CONTENTS Chapter 1. Human capital development, labour market and skills Chapter 2. Research, development and innovation Chapter 3. Social, cultural and environmental development Chapter 4. Globalisation and internationalisation Chapter 5. Capacity building for regional development ISBN 978- 92-64-19333-8 89 2013 01 1E1 Higher Education in Regional and City Development: Sonora, Mexico 2013 This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. -
Downloaded from the Mexico’Sgeneral and Risks in Both Sides of the Border [6], but Population Directorate on Health Information (DGIS) [12]
Anaya and Al-Delaimy BMC Public Health (2017) 17:400 DOI 10.1186/s12889-017-4332-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Effect of the US-Mexico border region in cardiovascular mortality: ecological time trend analysis of Mexican border and non- border municipalities from 1998 to 2012 Gabriel Anaya* and Wael K Al-Delaimy Abstract Background: An array of risk factors has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, and developing nations are becoming disproportionately affected by such diseases. Cardiovascular diseases have been reported to be highly prevalent in the Mexican population, but local mortality data is poor. The Mexican side of the US-Mexico border has a culture that is closely related to a developed nation and therefore may share the same risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. We wanted to explore if there was higher cardiovascular mortality in the border region of Mexico compared to the rest of the nation. Methods: We conducted a population based cross-sectional time series analysis to estimate the effects of education, insurance and municipal size in Mexican border (n = 38) and non-border municipalities (n = 2360) and its association with cardiovascular age-adjusted mortality rates between the years 1998–2012. We used a mixed effect linear model with random effect estimation and repeated measurements to compare the main outcome variable (mortality rate), the covariates (education, insurance and population size) and the geographic delimiter (border/non-border). Results: Mortality due to cardiovascular disease was consistently higher in the municipalities along the US-Mexico border, showing a difference of 78 · 5 (95% CI 58 · 7-98 · 3, p < 0 · 001) more cardiovascular deaths after adjusting for covariates. -
Sustainable Housing in Mexico
SUSTAINABLE HOUSING IN MEXICO 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 I. MEXICAN HOUSING 3 II. SUSTAINABLE HOUSING: A CONCEPT ADOPTED BY THE NATIONAL HOUSING COMMISSION IN MEXICO 3 III. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT’S PUBLIC HOUSING POLICY 3 1. Improve public and private management on behalf of sustainable housing 4 2. Objectives of the 2008–2012 National Housing Program: a) Increase the coverage of financing for housing offered 5 to the population, particularly for low- income families 5 b) Promote sustainable housing development. 10 5 c) Consolidate the national housing system through improvements in public management 8 d) Consolidate a Federal Government support policy that helps the low-income population to obtain financing for housing and promotes sustainable housing development 6 IV. SUSTAINABLE HOUSING 7 V. CONCEPTS OF SUSTAINABLE HOUSING IN MEXICO TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 1. The Green Mortgage: A product of the Institute of the National Housing Fund for Workers (INFONAVIT) 8 a) Green Mortgage (HV) 8 b) Objectives 8 c) Benefits of the HV 8 d) Eco-technologies 9 e) Bio-climate regions and eco-technologies 10 f) E stimated savings per family 10 g) INFONAVIT 2011 11 h) Incorporation of Eco-technologies in the HV 11 i) Green Mortgage 2011 Objectives 11 j) Results 12 k) International Recognition 13 2. “This Is Your House” Subsidy 13 a) Objectives 13 b) Characteristics of the Basic Package for the Subsidy 13 c) CONAVI Requirements 14 d) Notes 14 3. Sustainable Integrated Urban Developments (Desarrollos Urbanos Integrales Sustentables, DUIS) 14 a) Background 14 b) Federal Government Encouragement 14 c) Courses of Action 15 d) Institutionalization: Inter-Secretarial Housing Commission 16 e) Integrated Sustainable Urban Developments 16 f) Types of DUIS 16 g) Sponsors of DUIS 16 h) Integration and Coordination Scheme for the Institutionalization of GPDUIS TABLE OF CONTENTS 17 i) Institutionalization at Civil Society Level: DUIS Consultative Committee 17 j) Projects – Current Status 18 4.