DOCSLIB.ORG

Sustainable Housing in Mexico

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sustainable Housing in Mexico SUSTAINABLE HOUSING IN MEXICO 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 I. MEXICAN HOUSING 3 II. SUSTAINABLE HOUSING: A CONCEPT ADOPTED BY THE NATIONAL HOUSING COMMISSION IN MEXICO 3 III. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT’S PUBLIC HOUSING POLICY 3 1. Improve public and private management on behalf of sustainable housing 4 2. Objectives of the 2008–2012 National Housing Program: a) Increase the coverage of financing for housing offered 5 to the population, particularly for low- income families 5 b) Promote sustainable housing development. 10 5 c) Consolidate the national housing system through improvements in public management 8 d) Consolidate a Federal Government support policy that helps the low-income population to obtain financing for housing and promotes sustainable housing development 6 IV. SUSTAINABLE HOUSING 7 V. CONCEPTS OF SUSTAINABLE HOUSING IN MEXICO TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 1. The Green Mortgage: A product of the Institute of the National Housing Fund for Workers (INFONAVIT) 8 a) Green Mortgage (HV) 8 b) Objectives 8 c) Benefits of the HV 8 d) Eco-technologies 9 e) Bio-climate regions and eco-technologies 10 f) E stimated savings per family 10 g) INFONAVIT 2011 11 h) Incorporation of Eco-technologies in the HV 11 i) Green Mortgage 2011 Objectives 11 j) Results 12 k) International Recognition 13 2. “This Is Your House” Subsidy 13 a) Objectives 13 b) Characteristics of the Basic Package for the Subsidy 13 c) CONAVI Requirements 14 d) Notes 14 3. Sustainable Integrated Urban Developments (Desarrollos Urbanos Integrales Sustentables, DUIS) 14 a) Background 14 b) Federal Government Encouragement 14 c) Courses of Action 15 d) Institutionalization: Inter-Secretarial Housing Commission 16 e) Integrated Sustainable Urban Developments 16 f) Types of DUIS 16 g) Sponsors of DUIS 16 h) Integration and Coordination Scheme for the Institutionalization of GPDUIS TABLE OF CONTENTS 17 i) Institutionalization at Civil Society Level: DUIS Consultative Committee 17 j) Projects – Current Status 18 4. Challenges of Sustainable Housing in Mexico 18 VI. INITIATIVES TO STRENGTHEN SUSTAINABLE HOUSING IN MEXICO 18 1. Seeking Climate Finance for Scaling Up 20 2. PPP for Sustainable Housing and Environment 20 a) Mission 20 b) Vision 20 c) Who form the Association? 20 d) Key Actions 21 VII. SOURCES 22 VIII. GLOSARIO 22 1. Terms 23 2. Institutions EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Green Mortgage (Hipoteca Verde, HV) Relevant facts Chart for obtaining Green Mortgage • By the third decade of this century, there will be 40 million homes in Mexico, and an average of 0.6 million will be constructed and financed each year.. • In the next 30 years, 35 percent more houses than those currently existing in Mexico will be constructed. • Urban areas consume nearly 50 percent of the country’s energy resources. • To date, nearly 500,000 sustainable houses have been built in Mexico. Each of them has mitigated 1 to 1.5 tons of CO2e. • HMore than 243,626 subsidies have been given under the “Esta es tu casa” program • Five Sustainable Integrated Urban Developments (Desarrollos Urbanos Integrales Sustentables, DUIS) have been certified and 18 are currently being analized (which represent more than 1 The economic benefits that the HV generates for families are directly related to millon 250 thousand new houses in 15 Mexican states). the technology package that they select. Depending on the income evaluated by the minimum wage (times minimum wage, TMW, or veces salario mínimo, Description VSM), a range of minimum savings is established, which ensures minimum savings for a family’s economy. Since 2009, the Mexican Federal Government has promoted the development of a sustainable housing model. The precursor of this initiative was the There is a federal government subsidy called “This is Your House”: it is an extra Green Mortgage (Hipoteca Verde, HV) program of the Institute of the amount added to the credit granted by INFONAVIT. It allows low-income National Housing Fund for Workers (Instituto Nacional del Fondo para la families (<2.6 TMW) to purchase a sustainable house. Vivienda de los Trabajadores, INFONAVIT), an institute in which Mexican workers save a portion of their salaries and employers make another contribution in order to generate creditworthiness for the purchase of a Sustainable Integrated Urban home. The HV consists of equipping the home with a technology package Development (DUIS) for the sustainable use of water and for energy saving (electricity and gas), making it possible to achieve a 48 percent savings in electricity and gas This addresses the concept of sustainable housing under a broader scope consumption. Electricity, water and gas bills are reduced, which mean an that encompasses the neighborhood, the city and the region and takes the average savings of 261 MXN for residents of affordable housing. In the case following aspects into consideration: of carbon dioxide (CO2e) emissions, it is estimated that each home saves 1 to 1.5 tons per year. In addition, the “This is Your House” (“Ésta es tu • Efficient and sustainable urban infrastructure Casa”) program, through federal subsidies, has helped low-income families (< 2.6 TMW) that are not eligible for an HV credit to afford a sustainable • Integration of industry and commerce to allow employment house. With these instruments, the aim is to strengthen the Government’s creation in the region commitment to offer the alternative of sustainable housing to the country’s lowest income sector. • Strategies to facilitate mobility and accessibility • Provision of services: education, health, social activities • Territorial coordination • Environmental protection and rational use of natural resources 1 Operating Scheme NO Yes Initiatives to Strengthen Sustainable credits are INFONAVIT and the Housing Fund of the Institute of Social Housing in Mexico Security and Services for Government Workers (Fondo de la Vivienda del Instituto de Seguridad and Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del In order to strengthen the efforts that have been made on this subject, work Estado, FOVISSSTE), which contribute 80% of housing credit and has been conducted on the design and implementation of mechanisms therefore contribute toward increasing the availability of homes for stemming from relevant international agreements on climate change. The low-income families. mechanisms that are planned to be promoted are: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions The housing finance industry in our country offers consumers long-term (Acciones de Mitigación Nacionalmente Adecuadas, NAMAs) for Housing mortgages for the purchase of a home. These credits typically have terms and Urban Development. of 15 to 30 years. The type and price of the products financed depends mainly on sources of financing and the individual’s creditworthiness. International support for the achievement of the objectives proposed by these initiatives has included the participation of the World Bank and the Mortgages for low-income housing have been tied to the specific income German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and of the mortgagee. For example, loans issued by INFONAVIT foresee that Nuclear Safety (Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und mortgagees may lose their jobs—their source of payment—and thus Reaktorsicherheit, BMU), through the German Agency for International contain grace periods of slightly more than one year. Cooperation (GIZ, as per its acronym in German), which have contributed economic and human resources to strengthen the efforts and commitments Mexico has experienced significant growth in its efforts to construct expressed by Mexico on this subject in order to achieve favorable results low-income housing, and the credits that have been granted in recent years in the implementation of the initiatives and a significant reduction in GHG. have greatly exceeded those of previous years. This industry is expected to continue growing exponentially in the coming years. “Housing, archi- 1 tecture, urban development, financing and markets are now the variables I. MEXICAN HOUSING of an equation that will define the future of our cities.”Sara Topelson Fridman. Deputy Secretary of Urban Development and Land Use Housing is a basic need. It provides safety, peace of mind and stability to an Planning. Secretariat of Social Development. Federal Government. individual, and for some it is a key element in fighting poverty. The challenge will be to consolidate the industry and confirm achievements In Mexico, the Federal Government is in charge of implementing and efforts. The Government of President Felipe Calderón has granted most of the support (soft credits) granted to the population for home more loans and subsidies for housing each year than all previous purchases, through contributions by employers and employees in propor- governments: more than 1 million on average, with approximately 6 tion to the work performed. The key institutions that grant these supports/ million expected in 2012. 1 For more information, see: Article: “La Vivienda en México” (“Housing in Mexico”). Patricio de la Fuente. Resumen V Informe de Gobierno (Summary of Fifth Governance Report). President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa. Apartado Vivienda (Housing Section). 2 Housing cannot be viewed as a passing phase or as a sector that can be The second challlenge will be to resolve urban development issues. New improvised year after year. Instead, it is a trigger of economic growth urbanizations must be planned, infrastructure and public transportation and social justice
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mexico's Economic Competitiveness Strategy at a Geopolitical Inflection
    A NEW ADMINISTRATION CONFRONTS A CHANGING WORLD: MEXICO’S ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS STRATEGY AT A GEOPOLITICAL INFLECTION POINT CHRISTOPHER WILSON GOVERNANCE | MAY 2019 A NEW ADMINISTRATION CONFRONTS A CHANGING WORLD: MEXICO’S ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS STRATEGY AT A GEOPOLITICAL INFLECTION POINT CHRISTOPHER WILSON EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Some three decades ago, Mexico made a bet on the global economy, and at a time when populism and protectionism are on the rise, the payoff is at risk. In response, Mexico must double down on its openness while addressing the critical structural problems, including corruption and inequality, that inhibit its domestic economy and led to the sweeping electoral victory of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) in 2018. This essay reviews Mexico’s economic progress and the challenges ahead as a new administration takes office at a time of significant stress on regional and global economic institutions. For more than a half-century following the Mexican Revolution, the country’s foreign policy was based on the principal of noninterventionism, a not so subtle way of telling the United States and others not to meddle in Mexico’s domestic affairs. The economic equivalent was Mexico’s policy of import substitution, which raised tariffs and barriers to foreign investment designed to protect the country’s domestic industries from international competition. The two combined to make Mexico an insular country, and despite the significant economic expansion achieved in the decades following World War II, by the 1970s, Mexico’s economy and politics were showing signs of strain. In the following decade, Mexico’s relationship with the world was flipped on its head.
    [Show full text]
  • First Steps of the Cabinet of Enrique Peña Nieto SPECIAL REPORT
    SPECIAL REPORT Mexico: First steps of the cabinet of Enrique Peña Nieto Mexico, January 2013 BARCELONA BOGOTÁ BUENOS AIRES LIMA LISBOA MADRID MÉXICO PANAMÁ QUITO RIO J SÃO PAULO SANTIAGO STO DOMINGO MEXICO: FIRST STEPS OF THE CABINET OF ENRIQUE PEÑA NIETO 1. INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION 2. POLITICS, ECONOMY AND On 1 December 2012 Enrique Peña Nieto was sworn in as Constitutional SOCIETY: CABINET’S CENTRAL President of the United Mexican States. FORMATION 3. THE PACT FOR MEXICO Furthermore, in 2012, the elections of 128 Senators and 500 Federal 4. EXPENDITURE BUDGET Deputies were held; at the local level were elected 6 Governors of 5. CONCLUSIONS the states of Chiapas, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos, Tabasco and AUTHORS Yucatan; Head of Government of the Federal District; 579 local LLORENTE & CUENCA deputies in 15 states; 876 city councils; 20 municipal boards; and 16 Heads of Delegation of Mexico City. In total, 2127 positions at national level. In this report, we intend to describe in general the key points in the government’s formation headed by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI in Spanish), the party which ruled in Mexico for 71 years, lost power to the National Action Party (PAN in Spanish) during two presidential terms and is back now. Peña Nieto has affirmed on different occasions that the PRI is no longer the same one which governed Mexico; in view of this statement, it is necessary to point out that Mexico is neither the same, that society and business people are aware of and up-to-date with what is happening, since formal and informal media and the social networks help to have a better understanding of the actions of our rulers and of national and international events.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. FHWA/TX-10/0
    Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/TX-10/0-5985-1 Accession No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date An Evaluation of Mexican Transportation Planning, Finance, October 2009 Implementation, and Construction Processes 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Lisa Loftus-Otway, Nathan Hutson, Alejandra Cruz-Ross, 0-5985-1 Rachel Niven, Leigh B. Boske, Jolanda P. Prozzi 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Center for Transportation Research 11. Contract or Grant No. The University of Texas at Austin 0-5985-1 3208 Red River, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78705-2650 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Technical report, September 1, 2007 – Research and Technology Implementation Office October 30, 2009. P.O. Box 5080 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Austin, TX 78763-5080 15. Supplementary Notes Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. 16. Abstract This research examined the legal, financial, institutional and policy processes that Mexico uses to plan, finance, construct, and implement its transportation network. It documents through twelve case studies the state of the practice in planning, financing, conducting traffic and revenue studies, cost benefit analysis, and environmental assessments and reviews how right-of-way purchase occurs for multimodal transportation infrastructure projects. It was found that Mexico is aggressively targeting infrastructure development as a mechanism to improve countrywide network and modal connectivity and to redress social and economic inequality that had occurred because of the poor transportation network.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Summary Mexico Has Undertaken Significant Reforms Over
    Executive Summary Mexico has undertaken significant reforms over the past year in matters of financial regulation, taxation, anti-trust, energy, and telecommunications as part of the broad Pact for Mexico initiated by President Enrique Pena-Nieto. By the end of 2013, the government had passed a number of constitutional reforms intended to encourage foreign investment and more competition as well as increase the country’s tax base. Despite the government’s projections for economic growth exceeding 3 percent, Mexico closed 2013 at a more modest 1.1% and much lower than the 3.9% growth during the prior year. While economic growth in Mexico typically slows during the first year of a new administration, weakness in the U.S. economy – which consumes more than 80 percent of Mexico’s exports – also contributed to the slowdown. The most significant changes in Mexico’s investment outlook have been in the energy and telecommunications sectors. Prior to the constitutional reform, the state-controlled oil company, Pemex, had a monopoly on all hydrocarbon activity in the country. New legislation will allow the company to partner with private sector firms, and some of the country’s oil fields will be opened to outside exploration and development. In telecommunications, reforms are intended to improve competition and diminish concentration in the sector through the creation of a new, constitutionally autonomous regulator with the authority to order divestitures, enforce regulations, and apply targeted sanctions on companies it deems dominant in the market. During the past year, Mexico also enacted changes in the treatment of maquiladora businesses, increased the value-added tax (VAT) in the border region from 11 percent to 16 percent, and imposed a number of new taxes including on junk food, mining activity, and on high-earning individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Solutions@COP16: the Cancun Dialogue Series
    Green Solutions@COP16: The Cancun Dialogue Series 5-8 December 2010 Hotel Fiesta Americana Coral Beach, Cancun At the time of COP16 the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs and Secretariat of Economy of Mexico in collaboration with the World Economic Forum will co-host a series of private, invitation-only meetings as part of the wider Green Solutions@COP16 event held at the Coral Beach Hotel in Cancun. The series consists of five sessions. Each will discuss practical public-private solutions and scalable opportunities in a key theme as indicated below. Content and ideas will be drawn from work the World Economic Forum and other organisations and initiatives have been pursuing in these areas over the last year. AGENDA Sunday Dec 5th 16.00-18.00 Session I Business Leadership Monday Dec 6th 09.00-11.00 Session II Finance Monday Dec 6th 11.30-13.30 Session III REDD+ and land use Tuesday Dec 7th 09.00-11.00 Session IV Technology Development Tuesday Dec 7th 11.30-13.30 Session V Energy Efficiency To promote substantive conversation, each session will be a private, in-the-round, moderated discussion of approximately 40 people drawn from public and private sectors. This is similar to the IGWEL (Informal Gathering of World Economic Leaders), a unique component of the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos. Each session will contain a mixture of business executives, government officials and experts, conversant on the issue in hand. A Minister from the Government of Mexico will be present at each session and the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs will work with the World Economic Forum to ensure that key Public Figures from the various delegations will also take part.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation of the Foreign Investment
    REGULATION OF THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW AND THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT NATIONAL REGISTRY Chamber of Deputies of the Congress of the Union Last reform OJF 17-08-2016 General Secretariat Ministry of Parliamentary Services REGULATION OF THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW AND THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT NATIONAL REGISTRY New Regulation published in the Official Gazette of the Federation on September 8, 1998 CURRENT TEXT Last reform published OJF 08-17-2016 On the margin, a seal bearing the national crest that reads: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (Mexican United States).- Presidencia de la Republica (Presidency of the Republic.). ERNESTO ZEDILLO PONCE DE LEÓN, President of the United Mexican States, in exercise of the power conferred on me by Article 89, fraction I, of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, based on articles 27, 28, 31, 32, 32 Bis, 33, 34, 36, 40 and 42 of the Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration and 1, 22, 23, 28, 31, 33, 35, 36 and 38 of the Foreign Investment Law, we have issued the following REGULATION OF THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW AND THE FOREIGN INVESTMENT NATIONAL REGISTRY TITLE I GENERAL PROVISIONS ARTICLE 1.- For the purposes of this Regulation, in addition to what is established in Article 2. Of the Foreign Investment Law, the following shall mean: I. Reserved activities: those referred to in Articles 5 and 6 of the law; II. Activities with specific regulation: those subject to maximum participation limits of investment from foreign, under the terms of the Law and applicable legislation; III. Law: The Foreign Investment Law; IV. Majority of foreign capital: the participation of foreign investment in more than 49% of the share capital of a company; V.
    [Show full text]
  • North America Canada, USA and Mexico: Working Together for a Promising Future
    North America Canada, USA and Mexico: Working Together for a Promising Future September, 2016 Content GEOGRAPHY COMPETITIVENESS AGRICULTURE ENTREPRENEURSHIP ECONOMY LABOR MARKET TOURISM ENERGY REGIONALISM AUTOMOTIVE DEMOGRAPHY BORDER MACHINERY CONNECTED INTEGRATION AND ELECTRICAL SOCIETY TPP INTRA-REGIONAL THE LEADERS’ TRADE AEROSPACE EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE GEOGRAPHY OUR REGION IS GEOGRAPHICALLY AND RESOURCE PRIVILEGED North America (NA) is strategically positioned in the Northern Hemisphere between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, Europe and Asia. It is home to 231,000 km of coastlines, repre- Territory Size Fresh Water senting 88% of the continent’s perimeter.1 times world’s 2.4x Europe 4x per capita average2 With 21.6 Million km2 of territory (Canada: 9.9; China + India + Brazil1 USA: 9.8; Mexico: 1.9), North America is 2.4x = times Europe’s size, and as large as China, India and Brazil combined.2 It is rich in natural resources, holding over 30% Woods Oil of the world’s coal reserves (270 Billion tons); of world’s of global it ranks #3 in global petroleum reserves 18% forests2 14% reserves3 (230 Billion barrels).2 NA boasts 4x the average per capita fresh- water allowance worldwide as well as 18% of the world’s forests (7.2 Million km2), and 12% of the planet’s arable land is in NA.3 Arable Land Coal of the of global 12% world2 30% reserves3 Source: 1) World Atlas, 2016. 2) World Bank, 2016. 3) CIA World Factbook, 2016. 1 ECONOMY TRADE MAKES US ONE OF THE STRONGEST ECONOMIC REGIONS NA's combined contribution to the world's GDP is 28% and it represents 14% of global exports.
    [Show full text]
  • Progress Report on the U.S.-Mexico High Level Economic Dialogue
    PROGRESS REPORT ON THE U.S.-MEXICO HIGH LEVEL ECONOMIC DIALOGUE THE HIGH-LEVEL ECONOMIC DIALOGUE In Mexico City in May 2013, President Barack Obama and President Enrique Peña Nieto announced the formation of the U.S.-Mexico High Level Economic Dialogue (HLED) to promote economic growth in the United States and Mexico, create jobs for citizens on both sides of the border, and ensure our nations can compete globally, making North America more competitive. In September 2013, Vice President Joseph Biden, led a U.S. delegation which included Commerce Secretary Penny Pritzker, Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx, Acting Secretary of Homeland Security Rand Beers, and U.S. Trade Representative Michael Froman, that visited Mexico and together with Mexican counterparts, Secretary of Foreign Relations José Antonio Meade, Secretary of Finance Luis Videgaray, Secretary of Economy Ildefonso Guajardo, and Secretary of Tourism Claudia Ruiz Massieu, formally launched the HLED. The HLED, led at the cabinet level, is envisioned as a flexible platform intended to advance strategic economic and commercial priorities central to promoting mutual economic growth, job creation, and regional and global competitiveness. It also seeks to enhance existing working group activities, while avoiding duplicative efforts. U.S. and Mexican Cabinet officials will meet annually, while sub-cabinet members work to achieve those goals throughout the year. Private sector leaders and other interested members of civil society will join their government colleagues to discuss how best to improve trade with an eye on making North America’s shared economy stronger and more efficient for workers and businesses. The U.S. side is co-chaired by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Tmec Investing in Mexico.Pdf
    Index Executive Summary p. 3 Glossary p. 6 1. Reasons for investing in Mexico p. 9 1.1 Mexico as an attractive investment destination p. 10 1.2 Gateway to Latin America p. 14 1.3 Canadian investment in Mexico p. 17 2. Current investment opportunities in Mexico p. 20 2.1 Mining p. 21 2.2 Manufacturing p. 29 2.2.1 Automotive and auto parts p. 30 2.2.2 Aerospace p. 35 2.2.3 Medical Devices p. 35 2.2.4 Electronics p. 36 2.2.5 Appliances p. 36 2.2.6 Information Communication Technology (ICT) P. 36 2.2.7 Pharmaceutical p. 37 2.3 Financial Services p. 37 2.4 Agribusiness sectors p. 38 2.5 Strategic projects and key sectors p. 40 3. CUSMA Opportunities p. 51 3.1 Canada - United States - Mexico - Agreement (CUSMA) Opportunities p. 52 4. Preparing for investing, practical advices for investors p. 58 4.1 Preparing for investing, practical advice p. 59 5. Employment in Mexico p. 62 5.1 Employment in Mexico p. 63 5.2 Land Cost p. 64 6. Set-up considerations p. 65 6.1 Site location p. 66 6.2 Government affairs and inter-institutional relations p. 71 6.3 Taxation p. 72 6.4 Programs p. 73 7. Local Allies and helpful links p. 75 7.1 Local Allies and helpful links p. 76 8. Modes of Transport and Infrastructure p. 82 8.1 Modes of Transport and Infrastructure p. 83 Executive Summary Executive Summary Investing in Mexico Mexico is positioned as an attractive destination for investment, today it is one of the world's leading markets and the current population is 126 million1.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Role of Women As Leaders in Mexican Politics: Looking Back and Moving Forward
    University of San Diego Digital USD Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2016 Understanding the Role of Women as Leaders in Mexican Politics: Looking Back and Moving Forward Rafael Tovar y Lopez-Portillo University of San Diego Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/dissertations Part of the Latin American History Commons, Other Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Digital USD Citation Tovar y Lopez-Portillo, Rafael, "Understanding the Role of Women as Leaders in Mexican Politics: Looking Back and Moving Forward" (2016). Dissertations. 58. https://digital.sandiego.edu/dissertations/58 This Dissertation: Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Understanding the Role of Women as Leaders in Mexican Politics: Looking Back and Moving Forward by Rafael Tovar y López-Portillo A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2016 Dissertation Committee Afsaneh Nahavandi, Ph.D. Iris Engstrand, Ph.D. Lea Hubbard, Ph.D. University of San Diego i Abstract The constant changes that occur in a globalized world have pushed gender equality to the forefront of many debates in the western world. Nevertheless, cultural values continue to influence the way in which governments, societies, and individuals behave in regard to the roles that men and women play. In Mexico, despite the cultural values that are embedded in society, women have been able to succeed in areas where, until a few decades ago, it would have been unimaginable.
    [Show full text]
  • Import Regulations in Mexico
    Import Regulations in Mexico What Is SECURUS? Second Quarter 2019 SECURUS Strategic Trade Mexico has a dynamic and competitive economy with a (USMCA) was signed by the countries’ leaders on Solutions, LLC is a global gross domestic product (GDP) of US$2.5 trillion in November 30, 2018. However, the USMCA must be 2018. Since 1994, the Mexican economy has ratified by the legislature of each country to enter into foreign trade consultancy. quadrupled in size. It is now the fifteenth largest force. As of the second quarter of 2019, NAFTA is still economy in the world and the second largest in Latin in place and its provisions have not changed. America. We operate on the front Mexico’s open and highly diversified market offers lines of the global economy. In 2017, Mexico was the thirteenth largest importer in many opportunities for businesses wishing to import We maintain up-to-date the world. Its total value of import goods was US$432 their goods to Mexico. However, in order to take billion. During that year, Mexico was a leading global advantage of preferential trade arrangements and information on foreign trade importer of electrical machinery (US$86 billion), avoid fines for non-compliance, importers must be regulatory changes, the industrial machinery (US$71 billion), motor vehicles informed of the complexities of Mexico’s foreign trade trading environment, and and parts (US$42 billion), oil and mineral fuels (US$36 system. billion), and plastics (US$23 billion). Mexico’s top trade challenges in virtually import partners are the United States (US$194 billion in Laws & Regulations every corner of the globe.
    [Show full text]
  • CRWS Paper, May 2021.Docx
    Berkeley Center for Right-Wing Studies Working Paper Series TUMOR: The (Dis)organization of the Right-Wing Opposition against Mexico’s ‘Fourth Transformation’ by Julián Castro-Rea, University of Alberta, Canada, and Gerardo Centeno García, University of Ottawa, Canada Presented at the 2021 Joint Conference on Right-Wing Studies and Research on Male Supremacism May 10-14, 2021 TUMOR: The (Dis)organization of the Right-Wing Opposition against Mexico’s ‘Fourth Transformation’ Julián Castro-Rea University of Alberta, Canada [email protected] Gerardo Centeno García University of Ottawa, Canada [email protected] Abstract Mexico’s current government, led by president Andrés Manuel López Obrador (December 2018-November 2024), launched a program of major overhaul of the country’s governance named “The Fourth Transformation (4T)”. While the reform agenda is largely supported by the masses, these measures have met a strong, multifaceted and relentless reaction from the social and political interests being affected, couched in a right-wing discourse. This opposition, carried out either by individual actors or by coalitions of organized interests, has been sarcastically dubbed TUMOR (“Todos unidos contra Morena”, All United against Morena, the party in power) by 4T supporters. This article aims at mapping and analyzing the right-wing movement of resistance to the 4T, identifying its main individual and collective actors, their strategies and their international allies. It tests the hypothesis suggested in Kevin Middlebrook’s theory about conservatism and the right in Latin America: when economically and socially privileged actors feel deprived of political power to protect their interests, they resort to whatever means and strategy is at their disposal to regain the lost influence.
    [Show full text]