Weimar and Nazi , 1819-1939 PART ONE: The 1918-29

The origins of the Republic 1918 – 19 Early challenges to the Republic, 1919 - 23 Left Wing Right Wing

● The German Kaiser abdicated : Opposed Capitalism, Supported Land: Germany lost 10% of it’s population, 50% iron and 15% coal due to the failure of WW1. wanted Germany to Capitalism, wanted a resources. ● Friedrich Ebert became the first Army: Cut to 100,000 men, no air force, small navy be controlled by the strong government, chancellor of the new republic. Money: 6.6 billion marks had to be paid to the allies. people. army and Kaiser. Strengths of Weimar Constitution: Blame: Germany had to take the blame for causing the war. • Germany became more French Occupation of the 1923: democratic. Stab in the Back: Some German people think that the army was • Germany had no money and count not pay • Germans had the right to elect their betrayed by German politicians as they signed the Treaty of the reparations. leaders Versailles. • This made France angry so they invaded • Women could vote for the first time the Ruhr and took control of 80% of • All Germans over 21 could vote November Criminals: German people who were angry with the Germany’s coal, iron and steel. • Checks and balances prevented any leaders of the new republic who surrendered in November 1918. • In protest, German workers went on strike. one person having too much power. This is known as passive resistance. Spartacist Revolt 1919: Left wing uprising, supported by communists. Weaknesses of Weimar Constitution: • Led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht Inflation: The economic problems in early • A lack of clear leadership and • Police chief In Berlin was fired, Spartacists called for an 1923 meant that prices went up. direction. uprising to attack the government. • Coalition government lead to many • 100,000 workers took to the streets and seized newspaper Hyperinflation: The government printed disagreements. offices. more money to pay its debts. This made • 29 parties in the Reichstag. • Defeated by the Freikorps who hated communists. inflation worse. The more prices rose, the • The president had the power to more money was printed and it made prices pass laws without the Reichstag. The 1920: Right wing uprising rise again. By 1923 process were incredibly • Nationalists and communists in the • Led by Wolfgang Kapp high. • Reichstag. Freikorps were growing very powerful. Ebert sent some units home to prevent their power which made them angry and turn Price of a loaf of bread 1914 - 1918: WW1 against the government. 1918 - 1919: The German Revolution • 5000 Freikorps took control of Berlin. 1919 1 mark 11th November 1918: Armistice was • Wolfgang invited the Kaiser back but the workers rebelled and signed went on strike. Wolfgang ran away which ended the uprising. 1922 100 marks 28th June 1919: The Treaty of Versailles 1923 200,000 million marks was signed. Weimar and , 1819-1939 PART ONE: The Weimar Republic 1918-29

The recovery of the Republic 1924 - 29 Changes in society, 1924 - 29 Cultural changes:

• was appointed foreign Work and Wages: Art: Paintings to show what it was like secretary in . • Wages and working conditions improved. living in German society. • Stresemann wanted to improve the German • People worked fewer hours economy, stabilize the political situation, build • Wages rose by 25% between 1925 – 1928. Architecture: Futuristic buildings positive relationships with other countries and inspired by Bauhaus school of design. reduce support for extreme parties. : Rentenmark: A new currency created by Stresemann • Unemployment fell from 2 million in 2936 to Cinema: This was the golden age for in to stop inflation. 1.3 million by 1928. German cinema. German cinema Reichsbank: a new national bank was • Help for unemployed improved – became more popular than ever. given control of currency which was renamed the Unemployment Insurance Act 1927 provided Reichsmark. This solved the problem of inflation. sickness and unemployment benefits. Spellings for PART ONE: Weimar and Nazi Germany 1918 -1939 The , 1924: Housing: Spellings for this part of the unit have been • Reparations reduced to £50 million per year. • Private companies built 37,000 new homes. set for you to practise and learn. You will have • US banks loaned money to German businesses. • New government associations built 64,000 a test in lesson time at some point during this homes. part of the unit and a test online. The Young Plan, 1929: • But there was still a shortage of housing. • Total reparations reduced from 6.6 billion to 2 1. Democracy 12. Chancellor billion. Women: 2. Monarchy 13. government • Germany given 59 more years to pay. • Given the right to vote • Had equal legal rights to men 3. Reparations 14. Versailles The Locarno Pact, 1925: • Only 36% of women went to work (about 4. Weimar 15. President • Treaty between Germany, Britain, France, Italy and the same as before WW1) 5. hyperinflation 16. Spartacist Belgium. Terms were agreed by all five countries. • Paid one third less than men for the same 6. Kaiser 17. Stresemann • France promised peace with Germany work. 7. armistice 18. Dawes • • Agreed to open talks about Germany joining Women could now smoke, drink and go to 8. Ruhr 19. Locarno parties. 9.constitution 20. Demilitarisation • Women could ware make-up and be Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928: Germany and 61 countries independent. 10. Reichstag 21. Kellogg-Briand promised to not use war to achieve aims. 11. Reichsrat 22. Communism