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Hammars Hill Archaeology Report Orkney Sustainable Energy Hammars Hill February 2008 Section 4 Archaeology Survey OSE/2825 Section 4 Orkney Sustainable Energy Hammars Hill February 2008 OSE/2825 Section 4 OSE2825, Section 4: Hammars Hill archaeological assessment HAMMARS HILL WIND ENERGY PROJECT ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT IMPACTS ON THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE LOCAL AREA A pair of previously unrecorded adjacent possible prehistoric tumulus mounds found during survey work in March 2007. These are discussed in Section 7.0, but lie well outside the development footprint. From NW, the ranging rod shows the further member of the pair. No other significant sites were found in the footprint. Prepared by David Lynn for Richard Jenkins © David Lynn March 2008 David Lynn retains full copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with all rights reserved, except for hereby providing an exclusive licence to Richard Jenkins and Orkney Sustainable Energy Ltd for their use of this report in all planning matters directly relating to the proposed wind turbine construction project on the Hammars Hill site covered by this project assessment. 4 Lawrence St, Glasgow G11 5HQ; e-mail: [email protected] Unless noted, all maps were created in Fugawi software, which uses Crown copyright licence no. PU 100032767 1 OSE2825, Section 4: Hammars Hill archaeological assessment Summary of findings The report considers two types of potential impact on the Historic Environment of the development footprint and the surrounding area. The first is the direct impacts which would be physically caused on any recorded archaeology or previously unrecorded features within the development footprint. The second is the indirect impacts, particularly the degree of visual change, which would be caused on important archaeological sites and historic buildings contained within the surrounding landscape. Direct impacts There are no substantive archaeological concerns for the direct impacts of this proposal. No previously recorded archaeological features exist within the footprint. Onsite surveys discovered nothing of significant interest and suggest that the probability of construction work encountering buried sites or deposits is minimal. The only proposed mitigation covers (1) a precautionary exclusion zone around two newly discovered potential prehistoric tumuli some distance beyond the footprint, and (2) a small section of cable route which is likely to slightly damage minor ground features from a relic 19thC landscape. This should be discussed with the Local Authority Archaeologist Indirect impacts There are no Historic Environment sites which would receive shadow flicker or noise impacts. The process of identifying the significance of the visual impacts or degrees of change which would be caused on the important archaeological sites and historic buildings within the surrounding area has two main stages (1) identifying which sites would be affected within a landscape with a high concentration of both recognised sites and a subset promoted as visitor attractions and (2) deriving a measure of the significance of change for the sites by correlating their sensitivity to change with the anticipated degree of change. After repeated sifting and grouping, Stage 1 identified 19 viewpoints of Historic Environment importance for further analysis. Stage 2 has methodological complications, as there are no defined procedures for undertaking settings analysis, particularly from agencies with statutory responsibilities for protecting the Historic Environment. Existing guidelines from these agencies focus almost entirely on statutory designations and ignore the degree to which people might encounter or visit the sites and experience their settings. To move outside the confines of the statutorily derived site-as-receptor measures of sensitivity for each site, parallel measures of the people-as-receptor sensitivity are derived. This twin-pronged approach is designed to draw out all relevant perspectives which could inform the range of audiences who contribute towards a fully balanced planning decision and their likely concerns. Neither approach should be treated in isolation, but their combination gives a balance between statutory needs and the actual interactions which people might experience. Key visual results are: 1] A design priority has been to rationalise the character of the windfarm from the viewpoints. In most cases this has achieved balanced views of the 5 turbines, symmetrically spaced within a level or smoothly curving topographic position. While the turbines may be clearly noticeable, their obtrusiveness - if defined by the character of what can be seen - will be somewhat less. 2] The design has appreciably reduced visual effects on several sites regarded as sensitive from the combination of their statutory designations and roles as visitor attractions. These include all the relevant Historic Scotland Properties in Care, with the maximum applied rating being moderate under the people-as-sensitivity criteria which cover their visitor attraction use. 3] The only significance ratings for the anticipated degrees of visual change above moderate are given for 5 sites under the site-as-receptor assessment path. None, apart from Knowe of Yarso, show real evidence of directly receiving visitor or amenity use, and all receive lower people-as-receptor ratings. 4] From the 19 archaeological relevant viewpoints, the Hammars Hill turbines would only cause visual impact on one site where no impact from any other current, consented or formally registered windfarm exists or would exist. Of the other 18, the vast majority already receive a larger degree of impact from the Burgar Hill turbines than would be caused incrementally by the Hammars Hill turbines. 5] For all 19 viewpoints, the cumulative visual impact of all relevant windfarms seen or potentially seen is always at the moderate level or below, whatever level and definition of site sensitivity is applied. 6] No visual impact would be caused on the Orkney World Heritage Site and its Inner Buffer Zones. Conclusion The overall verdict is that the direct and indirect impacts on the Historic Environment from the proposed Hammers Hill windfarm development covered by this report are acceptable and do not provide grounds for the application to be refused. 2 OSE2825, Section 4: Hammars Hill archaeological assessment Contents 0.0 Location maps 1.0 Report format 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Project details and location 2.2 Target audiences for this report 2.3 Archaeological Scope 3.0 Site topography and character 4.0 Objectives 5.0 Methodology 6.0 Archaeological background 6.1 Database records 6.2 Discussion 7.0 Results of field surveys 7.1 Test pit results 7.2 Discussion 8.0 Direct or physical impact on archaeological remains 8.1 The turbine sites 8.2 Permanent and temporary access needed on-site for turbine and plant movement 8.3 Stone and aggregate supply, including borrow pits 8.4 Onsite cabling and generator/switchgear building 8.5 Offsite cabling and inter-connector routes to the National Grid 8.6 A works compound area 8.7 Other construction features 8.8 Summary of direct impact assessment and recommended mitigations 9.0 Assessing indirect impacts 9.1 The scope and value of assessing indirect impacts 9.2 Relevant issues 10.0 Identifying relevant sites for VI analysis 10.1 Selection of relevant archaeological and historical sites 10.2 First sift to remove sites – desk-based 10.3 Next sift to remove sites – field assessment 10.4 Final selection of sites for further assessment 11.0 Defining sensitivities for the site categories 12.0 Deriving VI sensitivities of individual sites from site-as-receptor criteria 13.0 Deriving VI sensitivities of individual sites from people-as-receptor analysis 13.1 Rationale and uncertainties 13.2 Rousay, Egilsay and Wyre context 13.3 Sources for people-as-receptor analyses 13.4 Site analyses 13.5 Comparison of sensitivity results across methods 14.0 Producing visual assessments 14.1 Differential site viewpoint treatments 14.2 Incremental and cumulative visual impact alongside other visible windfarms 15.0 Visual assessments of major views with OSEL photomontages 16.0 Visual assessments of secondary views without photomontages 17.0 Summary of visual assessments 18.0 Significance of visual change results and comment 19.0 Photographs, archive and other reporting 20.0 Acknowledgements 21.0 Bibliography Appendix: Wireframes for secondary viewpoints 3 OSE2825, Section 4: Hammars Hill archaeological assessment 0.0 Location maps 1.0 Report format This independent assessment considers the direct and indirect archaeological implications of a proposed 5-turbine windfarm on Hammars Hill, a terminal ridge summit in Evie in the West Mainland of Orkney. The report follows a sequence of hierarchical numbered sections; each major component has its own section, which may contain numbered sub-sections as appropriate. Section 2 gives a brief description of the main project elements, defines the main target audiences for this report and how their respective needs inter-relate, and concludes with a statement of the archaeological scope of the report. A brief topographical description of the landscape in Section 3 is followed by a summary of the assessment’s objectives (Section 4) and methodology and sources (Section 5). 4 OSE2825, Section 4: Hammars Hill archaeological assessment Section 6 investigates whether there are previously recorded archaeological sites or discoveries from Hammars Hill and its immediate environs
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