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Birds - Seabirds Nature and Environment

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Birds - Seabirds Nature and Environment ogb 3 collated.qxp 26/10/2005 19:46 Page 26 BIRDS - SEABIRDS NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT more than Shetland. The three main bird cliffs are all RSPB reserves. The RSPB is the biggest land-owner in Orkney, with 13 reserves covering about 8,000ha in total. Noup Head in Westray hosts one of the largest colonies of seabirds in the UK, while Marwick Head and the Copinsay cliffs hold only slightly smaller num- bers of Guillemot, Kittiwake Atlantic Puffin (Tammy Norie) and Razorbill. The cliffs are Fulmar Petrel (Mallimack) Guillemot (Aak, Skout, Lungi) also home to several pairs of "Nowhere in Britain is ded flagstone rocks also Marwick, in Deerness and in Maritime Heath is a habitat seabird, nest in Orkney. Peregrine, Raven and there such a range of bird weather to ledges on the South Ronaldsay. Many unique to Orkney which They are perhaps the most Jackdaw, as well as many habitats - cliffs, marshes, cliffs which are very attrac- Puffins also nest on forms much of the western graceful flyers and exist in Fulmar and Rock Dove. moors and maritime heath - tive to many types of Copinsay, Swona, the side of Rousay, and the two plumage patterns or and all within a few miles. seabird. The islands' posi- Pentland Skerries, the Hoy North Hill of Papay, is a phases, a light and a dark. Atlantic Puffin Everyone's So far we've counted 385 tion at the confluence of the cliffs and Westray. favourite nesting place for favourite seabird, is surpris- species, 116 of which breed Atlantic Ocean and the many of Orkney's 13,476 ingly hard to see on the here," Eric Meek, North Sea, where warm, The main Gannet colony is pairs of Arctic Terns, a BREEDING SEABIRDS Mainland. They only come Orkney's RSPB Officer. saline, oceanic water mixes on Sule Stack, near Sule species which is currently Numbers in estimated pairs unless stated ashore to breed in May and with colder, less saline, Skerry, with 5,000 pairs, but a having problems due to lack leave as soon as the young are Fulmar Petrel (91,000) Besides having the biggest nutrient-laden coastal water, few pairs have been breeding of Sand Eels. These are the Storm Petrel (1,870) fledged, in late July or early collection of archaeological means that the sea is rich in at Noup Head on Westray for furthest travelling of all Leach’s Petrel (??) August. They prefer grassy Manx Shearwater (50?) remains, excellent trout fish- plankton and therefore fish. the last few years, and they birds, doing a return trip of banks where they can burrow Black Guillemot (5,579) adults ing and the best beef in also may eventually nest on 15,000 miles to the Southern into the soil. Most Orkney Guillemot (181,000) Western Europe, Orkney is Cliffs Orkney is one of the the Horse of Copinsay. Ocean each year. Arctic Razorbill (10,190) Atlantic Puffins are on Sule also one of the finest places most important areas in the Gannets can often be seen Skuas also nest in these Puffin (61,532) Skerry (59,471 pairs) which Greater Black-backed Gull (5,560) for birds. The fertile soils whole temperate North fishing around the coast, and areas, and harry the terns in is 40 miles out into the Herring Gull (1,924) support large populations of Atlantic for seabird breeding are regularly observed from acrobatic displays to get Lesser Black-backed Gull (1,042) Atlantic, but on the Mainland invertebrates, which are the and supports nearly a mil- the ferries on the Pentland them to drop their food. Common Gull (11,208) they can be seen at the Black-headed Gull (2,853) main food supply for many lion seabirds, about the same Firth and in waters around the About 720 pairs of this skua, Brough of Birsay, near Kittiwake (57,668) birds. The horizontally-bed- as the Western Isles, but North Isles. Britain's rarest breeding Arctic Tern (13476) Common Tern (116) Arctic Skua (Scooty Allan) Arctic Tern (Pickieterno) Great Skua (Bonxie) Sandwich Tern (215) Little Tern (5) Gannet (5,000) Cormorant (500) Shag (1,865) Great Skua (2,209) Arctic Skua (720) Eider Duck () WHERE TO SEE BREEDING SEABIRDS Mainland - Marwick Head; Brough of Birsay; Yesnaby; Mull Head, Deerness Islands - Noup Head, Westray; North Hill, Papay; Hoy Reserve; Copinsay 26 27 ogb 3 collated.qxp 26/10/2005 19:46 Page 28 BIRDS - MOORLAND AND HILL LOCHS NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT poorer soil of Hoy supports B moorland and small hill P S fewer species, but in large R lochs are Mallard, Teal, numbers. Red-breasted Merganser, Eider, and Red-throated Orkney is well known for its Diver, the eerie calls of Hen Harrier population, and which are often heard as with about 70 nests most they return from fishing at years this attractive raptor is sea. often seen. The beautiful grey male is smaller than the The Great Skua nests mostly female, and the species is in Hoy. This fierce pirate polygamous, with each male only arrived as a breeder in having several “wives”. The Orkney in 1915 and most of Corncrake Raven (Corbie, Hrafn) Hen Harrier’s favourite the world population now food is the Orkney Vole, but Short-eared Owl, both of lives in Orkney and gorge their food, in fact 80% they will also take other which prey on voles. The Shetland. Although aggres- of the Bonxie's food is fish prey. They are frequently dashing Merlin, recovering sive, and often seen attack- caught by splash-diving. Hen Harrier (Katabelly) observed quartering ditches, from a decline in the mid- ing other birds until they dis- 1980s, hunts Meadow Pipit Moorland Much of upland important to many bird field margins and marshes and Skylark but is usually PLACES TO SEE Orkney remains covered in species, which feed off the looking for prey. flying so fast that you hardly LANDBIRDS heather moorland despite the rich invertebrate fauna see it before it is gone. Hobbister, Orphir large amount of agricultural which is present. The West The Kestrel nests on the Luckily fence posts are a Binscarth Plantation, Firth reclamation in the last 40 Mainland and Rousay have ground in Orkney, among Cottascarth, Rendall common perch, where it can years. This habitat is very the best moorland, while the the heather, as does the Birsay Moors, Birsay be observed for longer. The Loons, Birsay Copinsay B P S Egilsay R The sounds which especially Rousay dominate Orkney during the Twite (Heather Lintie) Hoy spring and summer are the SOME COMMON calls of Curlew and LANDBIRDS WHICH Oystercatcher. Both species BREED IN ORKNEY breed in large numbers, Hen Harrier while lesser numbers of Kestrel Snipe, Dunlin and Golden Sparrowhawk Plover together with some Merlin Short-eared Owl Whimbrel also breed on Raven Peregrine Kestrel (Moosiehaak) moorland. Other birds of Skylark (Laveroo) Hoodie Crow Short-eared Owl (Cattie-face, Cattie-ogle) Meadow Pipit Merlin (Smyril, Peerie Hawk) Rock Pipit (Shore or Tang Sparrow) Wheatear (Chuckie, Stinkie Buil) Rock Pipit Pied Wagtail Wheatear Skylark Twite Stonechat Linnet Blackbird Robin Wren Song Thrush House Sparrow Starling Wood Pigeon Corncrake (scarce) 28 29 ogb 3 collated.qxp 26/10/2005 19:46 Page 30 BIRDS - MARSHES, LOCHS & COASTS NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT Petrel. Eider nearly always nest near the shore while Shelduck use sandy banks. Many Black Guillemots breed among the boulders and in disused rabbit holes, while Storm Petrels nest on many of the offshore islands in old walls and among rocks. Ringed Plover, and Ringed Plover (Sinloo, Sandy Laverock) Snipe (Horsegowk, Water Pleep) Oystercatcher as well as Oystercatcher (Chaldro, Shaalder, Skeldro) Arctic, Common, Sandwich and (a few) Little Terns also lay in scrapes along shingle shorelines, and care must be taken when walking to avoid standing on the superbly camouflaged eggs and young. Lapwing (Teeick, Teeoo, Peewit) Redshank (Watery Pleep) Threats The proximity of and it is very important that climate or manmade influ- fertile farmland to the other the oil companies maintain ence. Commercial fisher- PLACES TO SEE types of habitat is very their good records regarding men also suffer from such BREEDING WADERS important in the overall Curlew (Whaup) oil spills. Since most shortages. Industrial fishing ecosystem in Orkney. This species are near the top of of various species including Lochs of Stenness & Harray Marshes and Lochs Shapinsay. Many species of system is finely balanced, the food chain, build-up of Sand Eels still occurs on a Burgar Hill, Evie Although the major lochs waders and waterfowl breed and if further large-scale chemical pollutants in the large scale in the North Sea, Loons & Loch of Banks, Birsay have not changed in recent in these areas and notably drainage or reclamation ocean may also be a problem and, especially in times of Loch of Isbister, Birsay years, there has been a several pairs of the rare were to take place, sustain- either with availability of food shortage, may affect Echnaloch, Burray marked decline in marshland Pintail breed in the West able populations of many prey or its toxicity. seabirds, which are reck- Mill Loch, Eday and reduction in size of the Mainland, Stronsay, North species could fall. Equally a oned to take less than 1% of Mill Dam, Shapinsay smaller lochs due to Ronaldsay and Shapinsay. substantial decline in stock Seabirds are also affected by fish production from the drainage. The RSPB has farming would also threaten shortages of food species, North Sea. Thus if they are BREEDING WADERS established several Reserves Coast The low banks and many species. such as Sand Eels, whether suffering this must be a TO SEE IN ORKNEY to help counter this decline, cliffs of much of Orkney's caused by natural fluctua- warning sign to the fishing Numbers are in estimated breeding pairs including the Loons in coastline are used as breed- Seabirds are sensitive to pol- tions in ocean circulation, industry as well.
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