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21St & 22Nd Feb 2021 Current Affairs Analysis

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21St & 22Nd Feb 2021 Current Affairs Analysis www.iastoppers.com 21st & 22nd Feb 2021 Current Affairs Analysis By IASToppers' Editorial Team | 2021-02-22 17:00:00 Polity & Governance Sub-categorization of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) The Justice Rohini Commission has been studying sub-categorization of OBCs and is expected to submit its report to the government. Proposed four categories of OBCs: Justice Rohini Commission has proposed four sub-categories of OBCs: Benefited adequately from reservation Less benefited from reservation Least benefited from reservation Not benefited from reservation Currently, the Government of India has only one category for OBCs. OBCs are granted 27 per cent reservation in jobs and education under the Central government. Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 1/17 www.iastoppers.com Rationale: The debate, regarding sub-categorization, arises out of the perception that only a few affluent communities among the over 2,600 included in the central list of OBCs have secured a major part of this 27 per cent quota. The argument for sub-categorization — or creating categories within OBCs for reservation — is that it would ensure “equitable distribution” of representation among all OBC communities. National Commission for Backward Classes: Following the Mandal case judgment (1992) by the Supreme Court, the National Commission for Backward Classes was set up in 1993. Later, the 102nd Amendment Act of 2018 conferred a constitutional status on the Commission. For this purpose, the amendment inserted a new Article 338-B in the constitution. The constitutional status of the NCBC is at par with the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST). The Commission consists of a chairperson, a vice-chairperson and three other members. They are appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal. Their conditions of service and tenure of office are also determined by the President. The Commission presents an annual report to the President. The President places all such reports before the Parliament, along with a memorandum explaining the action taken on the recommendations made by the Commission. Functions of the commission: To investigate and monitor all matters relating to the constitutional and other legal safeguards for the socially and educationally backward classes. To inquire into specific complaints with respect to the deprivation of rights and safeguards of the socially and educationally backward classes. To participate and advise on the socioeconomic development of the socially and educationally backward classes and to evaluate the progress of their development under the Union or a state. Powers of the commission: The Commission, while investigating any matter or enquiring into any complaint, has all the powers of a civil court. Summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person from any part of India and examining him on oath. Requiring the discovery and production of any document. Receiving evidence on affidavits. Requisitioning any public record from any court or office. Issuing summons for the examination of witnesses and documents. [Ref: Indian Express] Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 2/17 www.iastoppers.com Why does India need conclusive land titling? The Centre wants to reform the country’s land markets through a fundamental legal and procedural shift in how land titles are awarded. Background: In 2020, even as laws for farm reform and labour code reform were being enacted, the NITI Aayog took steps to initiate land reforms. A Model Bill on Conclusive Land Titling was sent to States and Union Territories in June 2020. In September, after many States failed to send in their feedback, the Centre warned that their agreement would be presumed. Model Bill on Conclusive Land Titling: The Bill calls for Land Authorities to be set up by each State government, which will appoint a Title Registration Officer (TRO) to prepare and publish a draft list of land titles based on existing records and documents. This will be considered a valid notice to all potential claimants interested in the property, who will have to file their claims or objections within a set period of time. In case of disputing claims, the TRO will verify all the relevant documents and refer the case to a Land Dispute Resolution Officer (LDRO) for resolution. Having considered and resolved all the disputed claims, the Land Authority will publish a Record of Titles. Over a three-year period, these titles and the decisions of the TRO and the LDRO can be challenged before Land Titling Appellate Tribunals. Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 3/17 www.iastoppers.com After a three-year period, entries in the Record of Titles will be considered conclusive proof of ownership. Further appeals can only be taken up in High Courts. Presumptive land titling system: In this system, land records are maintained, with information on possession, which is determined through details of past transactions. Ownership is established on the basis of current possession. Registration of land is actually a registration of transactions, such as sale deeds, records of inheritance, mortgage and lease. Holding registration papers does not actually involve the government or the legal framework guaranteeing the ownership title of the land. India currently follows a system of presumptive land titling. Conclusive land titling system: Land records designate actual ownership. The title is granted by the government, which takes the responsibility for accuracy. Once a title is granted, any other claimant will have to settle disputes with the government, not the title holder. Further, the government may provide compensation to claimants in case of disputes, but the title holder is not in any danger of losing ownership. Why is conclusive land titling needed? A conclusive system will drastically lower litigation related to land. In conclusive titling, investors who want to purchase land for business activities will be able to do so without facing the constant risk that their ownership may be questioned and their entire investment may go to waste. The spectre of long-running court cases currently stifles the appetite for investment in many sectors of the economy. The idea is to promote an active land market. In rural areas, access to agricultural credit is dependent on the ability to use land as collateral. Without being able to prove their ownership of land and access formal credit from banks, small and marginal farmers are often left at the mercy of unscrupulous moneylenders, entrenching themselves in a mountain of debt. Government Schemes & Policies Intensified Mission Indradhanush 3.0 launched Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 4/17 www.iastoppers.com Union Health Minister launched Intensified Mission Indradhanush 3.0. The Union Minister also launched the IMI 3.0 portal and released the Operational Guidelines for IMI 3.0 and the awareness material/IEC package developed as part of the campaign. Highlights of Indradhanush 3.0: The mission will be conducted in two rounds starting from February 22 and March 22 across 250 districts/urban areas identified in 29 States/Union Territories. Focus of the IMI 3.0 will be the children and pregnant women who have missed their vaccine doses during the COVID-19 pandemic. They will be identified and vaccinated during the two rounds of IMI 3.0. Each round will be for 15 days each. Beneficiaries from migration areas and hard to reach areas will be targeted as they may have missed their vaccine doses during COVID19. The first phase will be launched at Kalaburagi, Karnataka. This will be a four-day campaign. Expecting mothers would also be immunised for tetanus. About Mission Indradhanush: Mission Indradhanush was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India in 2014. It aims to achieve more than 90 % full immunisation coverage among children by 2020 who are either unvaccinated, or are partially vaccinated against vaccine preventable diseases. IMI is supported by 12 other ministries and departments. It is monitored under a special initiative called ‘Proactive Governance and Timely Implementation (PRAGATI)’. The mission aims for the 12 Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: 1. Diphtheria 2. Whooping cough 3. Tetanus 4. Poliomyelitis 5. Tuberculosis 6. Measles Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 5/17 www.iastoppers.com 7. Hepatitis B 8. Japanese Encephalitis 9. Haemophilus influenzae type B 10. Rubella 11. Injectable Polio Vaccine Bivalent 12. Rotavirus. Areas Under Focus High risk areas identified by the polio eradication programme Areas with missed/low routine immunization (RI) coverage Areas with vacant sub-centers Small villages, hamlets, dhanis or purbas clubbed with another village for RI sessions and not having independent RI sessions. [Ref: Hindustan Times] Defense & Security Issues Successful trials of Helina and Dhruvastra Successful user trials of Helina (Army Version) and Dhruvastra (Air Force Version) Missile Systems were carried out recently. Copyright © 2021 IASToppers. All rights reserved. | Page 6/17 www.iastoppers.com The missile systems have been designed and developed indigenously by Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). About the Missile Systems: The Helina and Dhruvastra are third generation, Lock on Before Launch (LOBL) fire and forget Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM) systems. Fire and forget means that the weapon system can track the target all through its course and hit the target with high precision. The missile systems are indigenously developed by the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). The missiles can engage targets both in direct hit mode as well as top attack mode. The system has all-weather day and night capability and can defeat battle tanks with conventional armor as well as with explosive reactive armor. It is one of the most-advanced anti-tank weapons in the world. Range: 7-10 Km [Ref: PIB] 1-in-2 Tejas fighters to have UTTAM radar In a major boost to indigenous defence technologies, at least 51% of the 123 LCA Tejas fighters that will be inducted into the Indian Air Force (IAF) will have the desi Uttam radar.
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