FORMERLY TIMES IAS ACADEMY

INDIAN DEFENCE PART - I

Join Our Aim Civils Telegram Channel https://t.me/aimcivilser vices Evolution of Defence Forces in India since Independence:

Indian Armed forces are among the most powerful in the world. Fifth most powerful to be precise. The armed forces include three professional services-Indian Army, Indian Air Force and Indian Navy. The Indian Armed forces are supported by Indian Coast Guard, paramilitary organisations and other allied forces.

The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the forces. Coming under the Ministry of Defence, the Indian military forces have active 1.4 million personnel serving. Additionally, it is the world's largest volunteer army

1947 was the year India got independence. It was also the year when the subcontinent was bifurcated into two independent nations-India and Pakistan. Bifurcation was not only made on the territorial lines but also in terms of resources. Accordingly, the forces were divided too, in terms of personnel, ships, divisions and aircrafts.

In January 1949, KM Cariappa became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief. In 1954, Air Marshal Subroto Mukherjee became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Air Force. And in the same year, Vice Admiral Ram Dass Katari became the first Chief of Naval Staff.

Indo-Pakistan war of 1947-48

One of the first conflicts Indian Armed forces had to face was just after independence, the Indo-Pakistan war of 1947-48. This war was fought over the then princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. The war ended with a ceasefire being declared on December 31, 1948. It concluded with 65% of the territory under Indian control and rest under Pakistan's.

Apart from 1947 Indo-Pakistan war, the two countries engaged in conflicts on multiple occasions-1965, 1971 and 1999.

India and Portugal-1961:

In 1961, tensions rose between India and Portugal over the territory of Goa under the Portugal occupancy. This conflict was popularly known as Operation Vijay. The operation lasted for 36 hours, post which the Portugal forces retracted from Goan territory, after over 450 years of colonial rule.

Sino-India war of 1962

The Sino-India war of 1962 was between India and China. The conflict over the Himalayan border was the main reason behind the war, however, tensions were growing since the time India started hosting Tibetan refugees. On November 21, China extended the unilateral ceasefire.

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com Indo-Pakistan war of 1965

The Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 was followed by Operation Gibraltar launched by Pakistan into Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian retaliated and this war saw the engagement of the largest tank battle since World War II. The war lasted for 17 days and resulted in casualties on both sides. The United Nations intervened and the Tashkent Declaration was signed.

Bangladesh war of 1971

In 1971 war between India and Pakistan happened during the liberation in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The war lasted for 13 days and ended with Pakistani signing the Instrument of Surrender. On December 16, 1971, East Pakistan was formed into Bangladesh.

The Kargil conflict of 1999

The Kargil conflict of 1999 was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan in Kargil district of Kashmir. The infiltration of Pakistani troops into the Indian side of the LoC resulted in the conflict. The conflict lasted for over two months. Conclusively, Pakistan withdrew its forces and July 26 since then has been celebrated as the Kargil Vijay Diwas every year.

Humanitarian Measures

The Indian Armed Forces, apart from defending the borders, are also involved in various nation-building operations. Its contribution during natural calamities is of prime significance. In recent time, Indian Armed Forces have worked with the state machinery to help during Kerala floods of 2018, Cyclone Fani in Odisha and the Assam floods, among many others.

Indian Armed Forces have also been active participators in the UN peacekeeping missions. So far, India has participated in over 40 peacekeeping missions and has contributed about 2 lakh troops. In 2014, India became the third-largest troop contributor.

International Military Exercises Introduction International military exercises are an extension of military training for partner countries and a significant military diplomacy tool. Since 2012, the Indian armed forces have engaged more than 20 countries in international military exercises Training of and with military personnel of partner countries has a dual impact:

In capacity building in the partner country;

In generating an understanding between two militaries in terms of professionalism, procedures and processes, and the military ethos.

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com Sharing of military training aspects through international military exercises is one of the most effective confidence-building measures (CBMs) between partners. It helps in understanding the intent and perspectives of participants and normally gives a boost to bilateral ties.

Necessity of joint military exercises

For military alliance partners, joint military exercises are an operational necessity to ensure interoperability of operational, communication related, logistical as well as procedural aspects. Failure to achieve synergy in these aspects would result in suboptimal operational execution.

However, for countries like India which are not part of any military alliance, the objective of international military exercises is not only to learn from the best operational practices of others but also to gain from their maintenance, logistical and administrative experiences. Exposure to technological advances, associated problems and varied operational environment management assists all participants in enhancing their individual capabilities and helps in charting a future course of action based on realistic appraisal.

Besides operational objectives, international military exercises are designed to institutionalise a framework for quick and efficient HADR missions.

Joint military exercises provide the necessary impetus to such an understanding and play a pivotal role in efficient aid disbursement in the provision of humanitarian assistance and conduct of disaster relief (HADR) situations. Operation Maitri is a good example of efficient support provided by the Indian armed forces to Nepal in the aftermath of the earthquake that struck the country in April 2015.

Due to these reasons, a large number of structured military exercises are planned and executed in various regions of the world every year.

Necessity of joint military exercises

According to the Annual Reports of the Ministry of Defence (MoD), Government of India, from 2011–12 to 2015–16, the Indian armed forces have been engaging a number of countries through regular international military exercises in India and abroad

The Indian Army has expanded the engagement envelope for international exercises focused on various domains of warfare that are decided mutually with the partner countries. The Indian Navy regularly exercises with various foreign navies at both at bilateral and multilateral levels in three participative formats: passage exercises (PASSEX); occasional exercises; and institutionalised exercises

Institutionalised exercises are conducted on regular basis with partner countries in areas of maritime interest, with the scope and content progressively enhanced for traditional and non- traditional maritime challenges.13 Exercise Malabar (with the US since 1992); Exercise Thammar-al-Tayyib, renamed as Exercise Naseem-al-Bahr in 2007 (with Oman since 1993); SIMBEX (with Singapore since 1994); Exercise Varuna (with France since 2001) etc., all into this category

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com The Indian Air Force (IAF) has come a long way after its first international exercise with participation of fighter aircraft, Exercise Garuda-I with France, in India in 2003. Other exercises in various formats have also been conducted since then.

The Indian policy of engagement with neighbours indicates 55 per cent share for Asian countries in international military exercises. Africa's share, at just 4 per cent, is considerably lower than its strategic significance. the largest engagement is by the Indian Army .The probable reason for this is the multiple roles that being the largest of the three services, the army needs to play in the prevailing environment in counter-insurgency/terrorist operations, special operations and disaster relief. A large number of international military exercises, in fact, are focused on these themes.15 The navy, owing to its nature, has been involved in international port calls and anti- piracy operations, and as it continuously operates in international waters it needs to coordinate and synchronise operations with the other players there.

Selection of Location and Participant

The location, time, scale and nature of participants, and stated objectives of an international military exercise can be selected to send a signal to a common adversary.

The number of participants in a military exercise should be decided based on the following: objectives that are sought to be achieved, the level(s) of engagement, equipment profile, language and common interests. Bilateral exercises result in greater interaction between the participants and a focused approach for the achievement of objectives. However, multilateral exercises allow for simultaneous engagement with multiple countries, thus making the process more efficient

Benefits of Military Exercises

Strategically, international military exercises assist in forging a bond between participating nations and enhance the level of cooperation between them.

This cooperation in military affairs has the potential to expand to other arenas, especially related to technology, human resources, training, education and the economy.

Mutual benefits from this expansion lead to greater synergy and a cohesive policy formulation.

International defence cooperation is an imperative for building our capabilities to deal with how we envisage our current and emerging role in the international arena.

International military exercises are, thus, efficient tools to engage partnering nations and enhance existing relationships. These exercises actively support military diplomacy along with other aspects such as military training, port calls, delegation visits, and combat equipment support.

Besides projecting Indian capabilities and enabling doctrinal learning, such exercises assist in benchmarking our capabilities against international standards.

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com INDIAN MISSILES

Brahmos Supersonic Cruise Missile:

BrahMos is a joint venture India and Russia.

Brahmos is named on the rivers Brahmaputra and Moskva. It is a medium-range ramjet supersonic cruise missile capable of being launched from submarines, warships, fighter jets or land and has a strike range of nearly 300 kilometres.

It is a two-stage (solid propellant engine in the first stage and liquid ramjet in second) air to surface missile with a flight range of around 300 km

However, India's entry into the the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) has extended the range of the BRAHMOS missile to reach 450 km-600km, a shade above its current MTCR capped range of 300 km

Brahmos is one of the fastest cruise missile currently operationally deployed with speed of Mach 2.8, which is 3 times more than the speed of sound.

It operates on the "Fire and Forgets" principle

It can be launched from land, air, and sea and multi capability missile with pinpoint accuracy

Astra Missile:

ASTRA is the first indigenously developed Beyond Visual Range (BVR) air-to-air missile

Speed of missile system is 5,555 km per hour or 4.5 mach

Range: over 70 km

Special Feature includes Electronic Counter-Countermeasures or ECCM , option to choose between “Lock-on Before Launch – LOBL” and “Lock-on After Launch – LOAL, It uses an inertial guidance system with an active radar seeker with a homing range of 25 km and is extremely effective in a multi-target scenario.

Astra has been integrated with Indian Air Force's Sukhoi Su-30MKI and will be integrated with Dassault Mirage 2000, HAL Tejas and Mikoyan MiG-29 in the future

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme:

The missiles developed under Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme are:

Short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile – Prithvi Intermediate-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile – Agni Short-range low-level surface-to-air missile – Trishul Medium-range surface-to-air missile – Akash Third generation anti-tank missile – Nag

Prithvi I Missile:

Prithvi I was one of the first missiles developed under Government of India's IGMDP.

Launched in February 1988

Prithvi I is a single-stage, liquid-fuelled missile

Prithvi is a tactical surface-to-surface short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) developed by DRDO of India under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program

It has a range of 150 km and a mounting capability of 1000 kg.

It was inducted into the Indian Army in 1994.

Agni Missiles I to V

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com Agni I Missile:

A nuclear-capable ballistic missile, Agni 1 is the first of the five missile Agni series launched in 1983 by the Defence Research and Development Organisation.

Single stage, solid fuel, Medium Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM).

Using solid propulsion booster and a liquid propulsion upper stage.

It has a range of 700 km. Agni II Missile:

An intermediate-range ballistic missile, the Agni-II was first test fired on April 11, 1999.

The surface-to-surface missile has a range of 2000 to 2500 km and can carry conventional or nuclear warheads.

Agni III Missile:

Agni III is an intermediate-range ballistic missile developed as the successor to the Agni II.

It is an improvement over its previous iteration, and has a range of 3,500-5,000 km, making it capable of engaging targets deep inside neighbouring countries.

It was inducted in to the armed forces in June 2011, enhancing its strike capability.

Agni IV Missile:

Carrying forward the success of its predecessor, the Agni III was developed to strike targets within a similar range but with a significantly shorter flight time of 20 minutes.

The Agni IV, which has a two-phase propulsion system is designed to carry a 1,000 kg payload.

Two stage missile powered by solid propellant.

Can fire from a road mobile launcher.

Range is more than 3,500 km.

Equipped with indigenously developed ring laser gyro and composite rocket motor. Agni V Missile:

Agni is India's first inter-continental ballistic missile (ICBM), with high road mobility, fast- reaction ability and a strike range of over 5,000 km. Three-stage solid fueled, indigenous Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM).

Capable of carrying 1.5 tonnes of nuclear warheads.

After induction in the military, India will join an exclusive club of countries like the US, Russia, China, France, and Britain which have intercontinental ballistic missile capability.

Canister launches missile system for operational flexibility.

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com Akash Missile:

Akash is a medium-range, theatre defense, surface-to-air missile having a range of 27- 30km developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation and produced by Bharat Dynamics Limited for Missile Systems and Bharat Electronics for other radars, control centres in India. The missile system can target aircraft up to 30 km away, at altitudes up to 18,000 m.

It has multi-target engagement capability and is in operational service with the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force.

Nag Anti-tank Missile:

Nag is a third-generation hit-to-kill “fire-and-forget” anti-tank missile that was first tested in 1990. The two-stage solid propellant weapon uses the lock- on before launch system where the target is identified and designated before the weapon is launched. It is being developed by India's Defence Research and Development Organisation under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program and is manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited. Developed indigenously as an anti-armour weapon employing sensor fusion technologies for flight guidance.

HELINA (Helicopter Launched NAG) is the air-to- surface version of the NAG integrated into Dhruv Helicopters.

Trishul Missile:

Trishul is a short-range surface-to-air missile equipped with electronic measures against all known aircraft jammers.

It has a range of 9 km and is used as anti-sea skimmer from ships against low-flying attacks.

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com Prithvi III Missile:

Prithvi III is the naval-version missile with a range of 350 km.

A two-stage surface-to-surface missile,

Prithvi III was first tested in 2000.

K-15 Sagarika

The successful test of the Sagarika marks an inflection point in India's military history.

It forms the crucial third leg of India's nuclear deterrent vis-à-vis its submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) capability.

The K-15 Sagarika, which has a range of 750 km, was successfully tested in February 2008, and was subsequently integrated with India's nuclear-powered Arihant class submarine.

Dhanush:

Dhanush is a liquid propelled sea-based missile that was envisaged as a short-range version of the Prithvi II ballistic missile.

Naval version of Prithvi II.

It has a range of 350 km and is capable of carrying nuclear warheads. It was successfully test-fired from a naval warship in March 2011, and carries forward the legacy of the K-15 Sagarika.

Shaurya:

It was initially conceived as a surface-to-surface ballistic missile (SSM) variant of the K-15 Sagarika, that can be stored in underground silos for extended periods and launched using gas canisters as a trigger.

The nuclear capability of the missile enhances India's second strike capability reduces the dependence on the K-15 ballistic missile which was built with significant Russian assistance.

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com Nirbhay subsonic cruise missile

Nirbhay is a subsonic cruise missile which is ancillary to the BrahMos range.

It uses a terrain-following navigation system to reach up to 1,000 km.

Nirbhay is capable of being launched from multiple platforms on land, sea, and air.

A terrain hugging, stealth missile capable of delivering 24 different types of warheads depending on mission requirements.

Prahaar:

Prahaar is a surface-to-surface missile with a range of 150 km that was successfully tested for the first time in July 2011.

Primary objective is to bridge the gap between the unguided Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher and the guided Prithvi missile variants.

Stated to be a unique missile, the Prahaarboasts of high maneuverability, acceleration and accuracy.

Primarily a battlefield support system for the Army, the missile can be fired from a road mobile launchers and is extremely mobile in battle situations owing to its lighter build.

Pinaka Missile System:

The rocket system was named after Pinaka, the bow of Lord Shiva.

It was successfully flight-tested from the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur off the Odisha coast.

It is an Artillery Missile System developed by DRDO and capable of striking up to a range of 75 kilometres with high precision.

There are two versions: Pinaka MK-I (40 km range) and MK-II (75 km range).

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com Barak-8 Missile

Barak 8 Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (LRSAM) Air and Missile Defence Systems to ships of the Indian Navy which in Hebrew language means Lightning.

The missile system has been jointly developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), India's DRDO.

The Barak-8 LRSAM system is an operational Air and Missile Defence (AMD) system used by Israel's navy as well as by India's navy, air and land forces.

The system provides broad aerial and point defence against a wide range of threats to the marine arena from the air, sea or land.

Barak-8 incorporates a state-of-the-art phased array multi-mission radar, two-way data link, and a flexible command and control system, enabling users to simultaneously engage multiple targets day and night and in all weather conditions

It has the ability to hit targets within radii of 70 km to 90 km.

The missile is designed to defend against any type of airborne threat including aircraft, helicopters, anti-ship missiles, and UAVs as well as cruise missiles and combat jets.

Both maritime and land-based versions of the system exist.

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air missiles (QRSAM)

DRDO has successfully test-fired indigenously developed Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air missiles (QRSAM) from a test range off the Odisha coast.

It has been developed to replace the 'Akash' missile defence system, and has 360-degree coverage.

It uses solid fuel propellant

Strike range of 25-30 km with capability of hitting multiple targets.

It is an all-weather, all-terrain surface-to-air missile equipped with electronic counter measures against jamming by aircraft radars.

K-4 Missile

It is intermediate-range, nuclear-capable submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) with 3,500-km range.

It is developed by DRDO and will be inducted to Arihant-class submarines.

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com DEFENCE E X E R C I S E

Name of the Countries Cycle of Forces Place of the S.No. Theme/Area of Interest Exercise Involved Exercise Involved Exercise

Indo–Thai CORPAT India 1 Implementation of UNCLOS Biannual Naval Exercise (28th edition) Thailand

Samudra India 2 Interoperability of Navies Naval Exercise Laksamana Malaysia

Port Blair, Singapore Strengthen relations, 3 SITMEX-19 Annual Naval Exercise Andaman and India Thailand maritime interoperability Nicobar

Malabar Exercise India Japan India-Japan- 4 Annual Naval Exercise Tokyo, Japan 23rd edition United States US naval cooperation

Counter-terrorism Umroi 5 MAITREE-2019 India Thailand Annual Army Exercise operation Meghalaya

Association of ASEAN-US Southeast Asian Counter-terrorism Sattahip Naval 6 Maritime Exercise Annual Naval Exercise Nations (ASEAN) operation Base in Thailand (1st Exercise) and United States

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com DEFENCE E X E R C I S E

Name of the Countries Cycle of Forces Place of the S.No. Theme/Area of Interest Exercise Involved Exercise Involved Exercise

GARUDA VI Indian and Mont de Marsan 7 Interoperability Air Exercise (6th edition) French in France

8 Shakti-2019 India and France Counter Terrorism operations Biennial Army Exercise Rajasthan

Danx- 19 Defence Indian Army, Joint Services 9 of Andaman & Navy, Air Force Exercise Nicobar Islands 2019 and Coast Guard (second edition) Air Force EX EASTERN 10 India and Oman Air Exercise Base Masirah, BRIDGE-V Oman

11 Naseem Al-Bahr India and Oman Naval Exercise Goa

12 AL Nagah India and Oman Army Exercise

Nomadic India and Counter insurgency & 13 Army Exercise Elephant 2019 Mongolia Counter terrorism

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com DEFENCE E X E R C I S E

Name of the Countries Cycle of Forces Place of the S.No. Theme/Area of Interest Exercise Involved Exercise Involved Exercise

India and Pune, 14 Ex Ekuverin – 19 Interoperability Army Exercise Maldives Maharashtra

Humanitarian Assistance Joint Service 15 Tiger Triumph India and US Biennial and Disaster Relief Exercise

India and Humanitarian Assistance Umroi, 16 SAMPRITI-IX Army Exercise Bangladesh and Disaster Relief Meghalaya

MILAN 2020 Multilateral 17 Synergy across the seas Naval Exercise Visakhapatnam (11th Edition) Naval Exercise

Yudh Abhyas 18 Indian and US Annual Army Exercise 2019

Counter-Terrorism (U.S., India, Umroi, 19 Table-Top Japan and Counter-Terrorism Exercise Army Exercise Meghalaya Exercise (CT-TTX) Australia)

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com DEFENCE E X E R C I S E

Name of the Countries Cycle of Forces Place of the S.No. Theme/Area of Interest Exercise Involved Exercise Involved Exercise

Russia, China, Pune, 20 TSENTR 2019 Interoperability Army Exercise India, Kazakhstan, Maharashtra Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan and Uzbekistan

Humanitarian Assistance 21 Surya Kiran- XIV India - Nepal Annual Army Exercise Nepal and Disaster Relief

Counter-insurgency 22 Mitra Shakti-VII India - Sri Lanka Army Exercise & counter-terrorism

23 SLINEX 2019 India - Sri Lanka Naval Exercise

Cooperation and 24 Za'ir-Al-Bahr India and Qatar Naval Exercise enhance interoperability

India and Cooperation and Chirchiq Training 25 Dustlik-2019 Army Exercise Uzbekistan enhance interoperability Area, Uzbekistan

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com DEFENCE E X E R C I S E

Name of the Countries Cycle of Forces Place of the S.No. Theme/Area of Interest Exercise Involved Exercise Involved Exercise

Hand in Hand Umroi, 26 India and China Counter terrorism 8th edition Meghalaya

Base Defence and Tri Service 27 Indra India and UK Force Protection Exercise

India and Humanitarian Assistance 28 Indradhanush - V Air Exercise India Bangladesh and Disaster Relief

Ajeya Warrior India and 29 Army Exercise 2020 United Kingdom

Space Warfare 30 IndSpaceEx India Exercise

31 Vajra Prahar India and USA Counter terrorism Special Forces

India and 32 IMBAX Strengthening Relations Army Exercise Myanmar

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com DEFENCE E X E R C I S E

Name of the Countries Cycle of Forces Place of the S.No. Theme/Area of Interest Exercise Involved Exercise Involved Exercise

Ex HARIMAU India and Hulu Langat, 33 Counter terrorism Army Exercise SHAKTI 2018 Malaysia Malaysia

India and 34 Garuda Shakti Annual Army Exercise Indonesia

India and Training for peace 35 VINBAX Army Exercise Vietnam keeping operation

36 Dharma Guardian India and Japan To increase Interoperability Annual Army Exercise

Ex PRABAL India and 37 Army Exercise DOSTYK Kazakhstan

India and 38 Ex LAMITIYE Army Exercise Seychelles

Ex BOLD India and 39 Army Exercise KURUKSHETRA Singapore

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com DEFENCE E X E R C I S E

Name of the Countries Cycle of Forces Place of the S.No. Theme/Area of Interest Exercise Involved Exercise Involved Exercise

India and 40 Ex KHANJAR Army Exercise Kyrgyzstan

India and 41 KONKAN Naval Exercise United Kingdom

India and 42 Sahyog HOP TAC Naval Exercise Vietnam

IND-INDO India and 43 Biannual Naval Exercise CORPAT Indonesia

Indian and 44 SIMBEX Naval Exercise Singapore

India and 45 IMCOR Coordinated Patrol Annual Naval Exercise Myanmar

Air Force 46 Ex AVIAINDRA India and Russia Biannual Exercise

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com DEFENCE E X E R C I S E

Name of the Countries Cycle of Forces Place of the S.No. Theme/Area of Interest Exercise Involved Exercise Involved Exercise

India and Humanitarian Assistance Air Force 47 SIAM BHARAT Thailand and Disaster Relief Exercise

Air Force 48 Ex Desert Eagle India and UAE Exercise

India and Air Force 49 Ex INDRADHANUSH Vietnam Exercise

Air Force 50 Ex RED FLAG India and USA Exercise

51 Force 18 ASEAN + Army Exercise

India and 52 Ex AUSTRA HIND Army Exercise Australia

India and 53 Ex KHAN QUEST Army Exercise Mongolia

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com DEFENCE E X E R C I S E

Name of the Countries Cycle of Forces Place of the S.No. Theme/Area of Interest Exercise Involved Exercise Involved Exercise

India and Humanitarian Assistance 54 Ex Agni Warrior Singapore and Disaster Relief

India and 55 IMBEX Army Exercise Myanmar

Multilateral Exercise administered by the Honolulu, 56 RIMPAC Biannual Naval Exercise United States Hawaii Navy's Indo-Pacific Command

BIMSTEC 57 MILEX Counter Terrorism Countires

Multilateral 58 Ex COBRA GOLD Annual Thailand Exercise

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com FORMERLY TIMES IAS ACADEMY # C-40, 2nd Avenue, Anna Nagar West, Chennai - 600 040. [email protected] +91 89396 96868 / 69

Join our Aim Civils Telegram Channel https://t.me/aimcivilservices

TO ACCESS EVERYDAY CURRENT AFFAIRS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PRELIMS AND MAINS. TO ACCESS REGULAR RESOURCE MATERIALS

Join our ARAM IAS TownHall Telegram Group https://t.me/aimcivilservices

FOR FACULTY INTERACTION

TO ATTEND DAY TO DAY QUIZ

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com