5274 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE Mr. WHITE. May I say just a word TO BE CONSULS GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES William P. Cochran, Herve J. L'Heureux before :.: make the motion? . OF AMERICA Jr. John H. Madonne · Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the Edwin A. Plitt Robert D. Coe Sheldon T. Mills Charles H. Derry Gerald A. Drew Harold B. Minor Senator yield? Everett F. Drumright James K. Penfield Mr. WHITE. I ask th'- Senator not to TO BE CONSULS OF THE UNITED STATES OF Elbridge Durbrow Guy W. Ray make a point of order. AMERICA Walton C. Ferris Edward J. Sparks Mr. LUCAS. I am not going to make Richard D. Gatewood John Fremont Melby Raymond A. 'Hare Llewellyn E. Thomp- a point of order. I merely wish to say Douglas Jenkins, Jr. Bolard More Cloyce K. Huston son, Jr. that I am glad that the Senator from John D. Jernegan Miss Katherine E. Gerald Keith Edward T. Wailes J. Jefferson Jones 3d O'Connor John B. Ketcham Thomas C. Wasson Maine is getting over on this side of the Charles R. Burrows J . Graham Parsons Charies F. Knox, Jr. James • Wright aisle. [Laughter.] William F. Busser Halleck L. Rose Foy D. Kohler The PRESIDING· OFFICER. Let the Robert P. Chalker Fred K. Salter TO· BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CL-6SS 4 RECORD show that the Senator from Glton Curtis, Jr. William P. Snow Maine has returned to the other side of Philip M. Davenport David A. Thomasson Charles W. Adair, Jr. J. Jefferson Jones 3d the aisle. Miss Constance R. H. Gardner Ainsworth M. Gord.on Knox Harvey John H. Burns William L. Krieg Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, I wish to Donald B. Calder Sidney K. Lafoon say to Senators that the kindly things TO BE A FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS 3, V. Lansing Collins, Jr.Donald W. Lamm they have said about me personally, and CONSUL, AND A SECRETARY IN THE DIPLOMATIC Leonard J. Cromie Robert H. McBride which have distinguished their attitude SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Richard H. Davis David H. McKillop during the entire time I have beer .here, Albert E. Clattenburg-, Jr. Irven M. Eitreim John M. McSweeney Robert S. Folsom Albert E. Pappano amply repay me and atone for any mo­ TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 3 Edward L. Nreers Milton C. Rewinkel ments of embarrassment I have suffered William K. Ailshie Douglas MacArthur 2d Paul E. Geier Stuart W. Rockwell this afternoon: E. Tomlin .Bailey Elbert G. Mathews Lewis E. Gleeck, Jr. William Langdon Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I do not Ralph J. Blake Gordon H. Mattison Richard E. Gnade Sands wish to let. this occasion pass without Carl H. Boehringer Brewster H. Morris Caspar D. Green Bromley K. Smith making a brief observation. I have not Niles W. Bond Robert Newbegin Franklin Hawley Henry T. Smith Charles R. Burrows J. Graham Parsons Martin J. Hillenbrand John W. Tuthill joined in the general compliments to the Richard W. Byrd Marselis C. Parsons, Senator from Maine, and have ·not said John P. Hoover J. Kittredge Vinson John Willard Carrigan Jr. John Evarts Horner William W. Walker a word. However, I wish to add that Norris B. Chfpman G. Frederick Reinhardt Richard A. Johnson Fraser Wilkins· everything that has been said about his Walter C. Dowling Arthur L. Richards fine spirit of leadership and his spirit John K. Emmerson Livingston Batter- TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 5· as a Senator and gentleman meets with Andrew B. Foster thwaite Alvin M. Bentley Charles E. Hulick, Jr. my full and complete accord. I wish I Norris S. Haselton George F. Scherer Donald C. Bergus Armistead M. Lee L. Randolph Higgs Donald W. Smith W. Wendell Blancke George T. I.ister could add something that would really Outerbridge.Horsey William P. Snow Thomas D. Bowie Rupert A. Lloyd give the Senator the praise to which he John p. Jernegan Philip D. Sprouse Howard Brandon Albert K. Lutiy,, Jr. is fairly and justly entitled. U. Alexis Johnson Carl W. Strom Herbert D. Brewster LaRue R. Lutkins Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, I repeat George . Lewis Jones, Clare H. Timberlake William C. Burdett, Jr. James G. McCargar with added emphasis all I said a moment Jr. Ivan B. White George Carnahan B. McKnight ago in expression .of my gratitude and E. Allan Lightner, Jr.Evan M. Wilson David P. Cotnn James L. O'Sullivan appreciation for the kindly things Sen­ TO BE A FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS 3, A A. John .Cope, Jr. Henry L. Pitts, jr, ators have always said and the courtesies CONSUL, AND A SECRETARY IN THE DIPLOMATIC Robert F. Corrigan Randolph Roberts SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Forrest N. Daggett Ralph A. Schweitzer which they have always shown me. Robert J. Dorr Cabot Sedgwick RECESS William Bruce Locklir...g· Donald A. Dumont Richard M. Service TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 4, John F. Fitzgerald Robert M. Sheehan The PRESIDING OFFICER.. What is CONSUL, AND I. SECRETARY IN THE DIPLOMATIC William J. Ford Harold Sims the pleasure of the Senate? SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Douglas N. Forman, Jr.J. Ramon Solana Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, if we have Clarence Boonstra Hugh D. Farley David L. Gamon Herbert D. Spivack reached an understanding, I move, as in Willard 0. Brown John C. Payne Michael R. Gannett Norman 0. Stines, Jr. legislative session, that the Senate stand Joseph L. Doughe~ty Edwarcl J. Rowell William C. George Weldon Litsey in recess unti112 o'clock noon tomorrow. Charles C. Gidney, Jr.Richard E. Usher TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 5, Thomas A. Goldman Sheldon B. Vance The motion was agreed to; and (at 6 VICE CONSULS OF CAREER, AND SECRETARIES IN o'clock and 31 minutes p. m.) the Senate Marshall Green Edward L: Waggoner THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE UNITED Joseph N. Greene, Jr. Harvey R. WeHman took a re.cess until tomorrow, Thursday, STATES OF AMERICA- J. Brock Havron George M: Widney , 1947, at 12 o'ciock meridian. Wymberley DeR. Coerr Douglas Henderson William A. Wieland Charles Robert Moore J. William Henry NOMINATIONS H. Andre Weismann .TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 6, VICE Executive nominations received by the TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 6, CONSULS OF CAREER, AND SECRETARIES IN THE Senate May 14

5276 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 for 1 minute and to revise and extend from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFE] and the dis-. RECORD and include a report of Policy my remarks. tinguished gentleman from Montana Committee to members of the Rochester The SPEAKER. Is there objection to [Mr. MANSFIELD]. The distinguished . Association. the request of the gentleman from gentleman from [Mr. TIB­ CONDlTIONS AT IWO JIMA Michigan? BOTT] will sing two selections during the Mr. BUCK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ There was no objection. services. The music will be furnished by the United States Marine Corps or­ imous consent to address the House for Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Speaker, the fact 1 minute anq to revise and extend my re­ that under House Joint Resolution 134, chestra. AID TO KOREA marks. the so-called foreign relief bill, the The SPEAKER. . Is there objection to United States undertakes relief to Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ the request of the gentleman from New aml Hungary, while under the proposed mous consent to address the House for York? ' peace treaties Italy is to pay Russia $100,- 1 minute and to revise ant ext.end my There was no objection. 000,000 in war reparations, and Hungary remarks. Mr. BUCK. Mr. Speaker, this morning is to pay Russia $200,000,000 for the same The SPEAKER. Is there objection to I ,received a letter from a young friend of cause, is anomalous and inconsistent to the request of the gentleman from mine currently stationed on Iwo Jima. a great many American people. While Pennsylvania? At this time when committees of the Italy will not ..begin payments, as I under­ There was no objection. Congress are considering merger of the stand it, until 2 years after the treaty, Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, when I came armed forces, appropriations therefor, Hungary is already charged with that into the Chamber I noticed that one of and huge gifts for the relief of destitu­ obligation, and it was freely said in the Democratic Members of Congress tion, the following excerpts from this the hearings that Hungary would not was reading this newspaper carrying the young man's letter seem to me to be par­ need relief if she did n'ot have to pay caption "Truman asks $200,000,000 for ticularly pertinent: reparations. Korea" in big headlines. Now, you L The Air Force is in very bad shape, both It seems to me that this difficulty could know that Mr. Truman asked for $300,- as regards equipment and maintenance. be obviated if President Truman, in 000,000 for ; Mr. Truman asked Also, it makes a very poor job of running, exercise of the powers vested in him for $100,000,000 for Turkey, and he is or trying to run, ,as a separate unit. It has by the Lend Lease Act, negotiate with asking for millions and millions for vari­ neither the quantity or quality of personnel Russia for an assignment of these war ous countries of the world. This admin­ to do two jobs--the work of the air corps damage claims against Hungary and istration is at home asking Congress to and the ground forces. It has to call on Italy, for which we in return would give appropriate the great, large gifts. If other branches such as Engineers, Ordnance, her credit on the :fll,OOO,OOO,OOO she you pick up the statement issued by the Signal Corps, etc. 2. The dependent housing situation is owes us. We could then cancel these Treasury Department you will notice bad. Many officers are leaving the service obligc:~.tions against Italy and Hungary, that on we were $275,639,000,000, because they cannot bl'ing their families which would do more for European re­ and many more dollars, in the red. overseas. It has caused a distinct lowering covery and good will than almpst any This administration has always been in of morale even among Regular Army. They other thing we could do. the red. We have been in the nid so were promised housing within 3 months and We could even go further and do the long that since the New Deal came into even after 6 months' duty there is-no pro~­ same with the $300,ot0,000 proposed as power we have increased our national pect ·of obtaining it. On a place like this indebtedness over 1,200 percent. Think they could have all the houses they need in war damages to Russia by both Finland 1 month. There are literally hundreds of and Rumania. In fact, there is no of such an increase: Oh, it is terrible. quonsets which require only minor repairs, reason why we could not carry this to Now you are coming in here with appro­ which could be utilized. other countries faced with payment of priation bills asking the Congress to cut 3. The civilians (excluding the teachers) war reparations to Russia, in each in­ down our home appropriations-and have not been utilized fully or properly. stance. giving Russia the credit on her rightfully so. We should cut down these Many of them are having a vacation at a indebtedness to us under lend -lease, and appropriations everywhere we possibly high salary, but it is not their fault. They canceling the obligation of the debtor can at home, bUt hOW can YOU CUt dOWJl were sent here as instructors and supervisors of equipmen~. maintenance, etc., but they nations This would, of course, not di- · your own people when you are asked to are not being used for that purpose. One rectly interfere with either House Joint give millions and hundreds of millions Diesel mechanic, who lives with me, has not Resolution 134 or the peace treaties. to every country in the world? It does done 2 hours' work in the .2 months he has Russia could not complain, and there not make· sense. This morning the been here. He wants to work, but there is is no reason why the President should United States News says that Britain is nothing for him to do. . · not undertake negotiations to accom­ going to ask for another loan for Great 4. There seems to be some animosity be­ Britain in 1948. Do you fellows not tween Air Forces and Ground Forces, between plish what seems to me is one of the Army and Navy. I hope the merger will biggest steps toward peaceful relations know that you gave Great Britain $4,400,000,000 last year? That is allay some of this feeling. in Europe and world peace. 5. The waste of equipment is shocking. enough. Now they want another loan Lately, it seems, they are beginning to do MEMORIAL SERVICES FOR DECEASED in 1948. So, if you give any more money MEMBERS ·something about it, taking inventory and to those fellows to socialize Great shipping it to China, Korea, etc, but' for Mr. BISHOP. Mr. Speaker, I ask Britain, you are just simply nuts. That months very valuable· material has lain ex­ unanimous consent to address the House is all it is. We must economize or bust. posed to the elements and "cannibalized" by for 1 minute. We will wreck our country unless we can scroungers. As a taxpayer, it hurts. • • • The SPEAKER. Is there objection to balance our budget. Think vf increas­ My over: an reaction is that somebody had better "get on the ball" and~ ~ something to the request of the gentleman from ing our debt over 1,200 percent. That is bring the Army to some degree of discipline Illinois? what you have done in 14 years. You and efficiency. There was no objection. were elected to economize-the majority BIPARTISAN FOREIGN POLICY Mr. BISHOP. Mr. Speaker~ as chair­ of you. Let· us do it. Again, I tell you man of the Subcommittee on Memorials, 10 pennies make a dime and 10 dimes Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, I ask I take this time to advise the Members make a dollar. Let us squeeze the eagle unanimous consent to address the House of the House that all necessary arrange­ and make him holler. Be wise and econ­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend ments have been made for the annual omize. my remarks. memorial services to be held next Mon­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS The SPEAKER. Is there objection to day, . The families of our· de­ Mr. COLE of Missouri asked and was the request of the gentleman from New ceased Members who passed on during given permission to extend his remarks York? the past year have been invited, and in the RECORD and include an article ap­ There was objection. many of them, no doubt, will be here. pearing in the American Bar Association Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, the con­ We should make every effort to be here Journal by John R. Nicholson of the Chi­ trolling factor motivating the vote of next Monday, just before noon. It is a cago bar entitled "Pensions for Part­ many on the bill for aid to Greece and mark of respect we owe to our deceased ners: Tax Laws Are Unfair to Lawyers Turkey was the fact that the President colleagues. and Firms." had announced to the world that we The memorial addresses will be deliv­ Mr. KEATING asked and was given would come to the aid of these countries ered by the distinguished gentleman permission to extend his remarks in the in the struggle which they faced to pre- 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5277 vent being submerged by outside pres­ the mayor of Chicago and also a tele­ ished, Chicago's Douglas Airport cannot pro­ sures. It was felt that to defeat this gram from the city council of Chicago. ceed, although it is of vital importance to the continuation of interstate and inter­ measure would be a repudiation, not of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to national traffic and to military operations in the President, but of our own position of the request of the gentleman from Illi- case of national emergency. . world leadership, and that such action nois? · . MARTIN H. KENNELLY, would be construed as an indication that There was no objection. Mayar ot Chicago. we are a divided nation and would fur­ Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, a few nish an invitation to further aggressive weeks ago in the city of Chicago we were Mr. Speaker, I subscribe to Mayor and expansionist tactics. fortunate in electing as mayor one_of our Kennelly's request for the appropriation I, for one, and I know I speak for many foremost citizens, a splendid, efficient of these funds and in the carrying out of like mind on this side of the aisle, and experienced businessman, and an of the program initiated under the Fed­ strongly endorse our pursuit of a bipar­ economy-minded executive. I refer to eral Airport Act .and appeal to the fair­ tisan foreign policy. We earnestly de­ Hon. Martin H. Kennelly who succeeded minded Members of this House to vote sire, in complete good faith, to subordi­ Mayor Edward J. Kelly under whose 14_ for the amendment of the gentleman nate partisanship completely over this years of splendid and efficient adminis­ from New York [Mr. RooNEY], to in­ crucial issue which will determine the tration many improvements and better­ crease the appropriation for Civil Aero­ entire future of our country and, per­ ments were made to our city which time nautics Administration to $70,982,000. haps, our survival as a Nation and a will not permit me to enumerate, yet I I have also received a request from the people. cannot resist in calling attention briefly members of the Common Council of the With the utmost deference and re­ to the construction during Mayor Kelly's City of Chicago protesting these proposed spect, therefore, I Lall to the President's regime of many new schools, the de­ cuts and a telegram from the chairman attention the fact that bipartisanship is molishing and rehabilitation of many of the aviation committee, of the Chicago a two-way street. Our policy, to be blighted districts upon which many Association of Commerce and Industry, effective, must be bipartisan in its con­ splendid housing projects have been which I insert as part of my remarks. It ception, as well as its execution. erected, the building of our subway, the reads as follows: Every effort should be made to call on construction of one of the country's CHI<;:AGO, ILL., May 13, 1947. the legislative team of both political par­ largest airports, the beautifying and en­ Han. ADOLPH J. SABATH, ties frequently and sincerely in the for­ largements of our parks, and the widen­ Member of Congress, mulation of our foreign policy. It is dis­ ing and construction of over 100 miles House Office Building, turbing to have loose talk going about by Washington, D. C.: of connecting boulevards. It is gratifY­ Current attempt in H. R. 3311 to curtail those in high authority regarding ing that he has been succeeded by a man appropriations by eliminating from Civil $5,000,000,000 loans to other foreign of the capacity of Mayor Kennelly who, Aeronautics Administration appropriations countries until such a program has been I know, will set an example to the mayors the Federal operation of airport control tow­ discussed and approved in substance by of other cities as to how a municipal ers is believed by our aviation committee to at least the leadership of both parties. government can and should be admin­ be inadvisable as without such Federal con­ This is a 'warning, issued in the friend­ trol each city having important airports istered in the interest of its people and might otherwise operate arbitrarily with liest spirit and the most sincere desire taxpayers. Mayor Kennelly was elected great probability of serious confusion to to keep foreign policy on the high level by an overwhelming majority of 274,000 pilots of scheduled airlines and danger to which it -has recently enjoyed. The votes arid this notwithstanding that the traveling public at a time when new era Congress does not wish to be presented Republican National Committee, and the of safety can· be foreseen through operation , with any further fait accompli. If that city, county, and State committees, made of ground contr_ol approach system and in­ happens again, the comparatively clear the municipal election a national issue. strument landing system which also must be sailing which the Greece-'J:'urkey aid Qill I know that he will have the cooperation under Federal control for obvious reasons. enjoyed may-not be repeated. Respectfully submitted. of all our outstanding businessmen as· ERWIN SEAGO, .EXTENSION OF REMARKS well as laboring men who have displayed, Chairman, Aviation Committee, the and justly so, their ·confidence in him. Mr. ANGELL asked and was given per­ Chicago Association of Commerce Mayor Kennelly will not -only follow and Industry. mission to extend his remarks in the in the footsteps of such former Demo­ RECORD and include an editorial from cratic mayors as the old and young Mr. Speaker; -I feel that these tele­ . Carter H. Harrisons, each of whom served grams attest to the vital interest of the Mr. GARY asked and was' given per­ five terms; Mayor Dunne; Mayor Dever; people of the Chicago area in this subject mission to extend his remarks -in the Mayor Cermak; and Mayor Kelly, in all legislation and it is my belief that be­ RECORD and include an editorial which of whose administrations the people sides these proposed unfair cuts that appeared in the Richmond

EXTENSION OF REMARKS program of internation~ information in· This statement should be compared · Mr. D'ALESANDRO asked and was behalf of the United States. Such a pro­ with the official line of the Communist granted permission to extend his re­ gram is an urgent need, in the light of Party, U. S. A., at the time as expressed marks in the RECORD as of , 1947. the propaganda barrage emanating from by Earl Browder, its spokesman in an the Soviet Union and its Communist NBC broadcast on August 28, 1936, as fol­ ASSISTANCE TO :PEOPLE OF COUNTRIES agents all over the world, attacking the lows: · DEVASTATED 'BY WAR United States as a war-mongering tool of How long will the American people, who Mr. EATON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ the monopolists seeking world conquest, · have so convincingly shown their unmistak­ imous consent to take from the Speaker's oppressing its own people, lynching Ne­ able desire for peace, continue to hoid aloof table House Joint Resolution 153, pro­ groes, and guilty of every crime in the from collective efforts for peace which alone viding for relief assistance to the people calendar of human sins. But the activi­ can check the wai· plans of the Japanese mili­ of countries devastated by war, with Sen­ ties of the Cultural and Information Di­ tarists in the Far East and of their ally, Hit­ ler, in Europe? * * • President Roose­ ate amendments, disagree to the Senate vision of the State Department must not vel t-]1angs on to a policy of so-called neu­ amendments ·and agree to the conference be confused with. a sound program. As trality or isolation which in practice has en- . asked by the Senate. carried on-today, they are a monstrosity com·aged the Fascist aggressors. • *. * It The Clerk read the title of the resolu­ costing the Nation millions of dollars, · was this ineffective method which embold­ tion. and serving ·no constructive purpose for ened the Japanese militarists to advance their The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the United States. Conducted by a group war plans against China- and the United the request of the gentleman from New of pro-Communist fellow travelers and States. Jersey [Mr. EATON]. (After a pause.] muddle heads, they fill the ether and tons The following article-quoted in.part­ The Chair hears none, and appoints the of paper with a, combination of material is taken from Amerasia of October 1940 · following conferees: .Mr. EATON, Mr. favorable to the Soviet Union and the published under joint editorship of Mr. VORYS, Mr. MUNDT, Mr. BLOOM, and .Mr. Communists, or just plain twaddle. Stone, Mr. Jaffe, Mr. Field, and others, · KEE. · Let me give you some idea of the per­ apparently with their full knowledge and DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, AND sonnel conducting the present program. approval. The article is entitled "Amer­ COMMERCE, AND THE JUDICIARY AP­ Top-flight assistant-to Mr. William Ben­ ican Far Eastern Policy; For Democr'acy PROPRIATION BILL, 1948 ton is William Treadwell Stone, Director or Imperalism?" by Frederick V. Field of the Otnce of International Informa­ and reads in part as follows: Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, I move tion and Cultural Affairs. Here is his that the House resolve itself into the . record: , Our Government is, as it has repeatedly . Committee of the Whole House on the stated, interested in the imperialist status · Member of the editorial board of Amer.­ quo. • • • Finally, it may be said. that I State of the Union for the further· con­ asia from 1937 through November 1941. am expressing an isolated, private view. sideration of the bill making Chairman of this board was Frederick * • • Over the Labor J?a.Y week end more appropriations for the Departments of Vanderbilt Field, now a regular colum­ than 22,000 men and women, of whom 6,000 State, Justice, and Commerce, and the nist for the Daily Worker· and a member were delegates, met at the Emergency Peace -· judiciary, for the fiscal year ending June· of the Communist Party. Managing ed­ Mobilization in Chicago. "' • • Two thou­ 30, 1948, and for other purposes. itor was Philip Jacob· Jaffe, indicted and sand went on to Wp,shington to lobby ahd The motion was agreed to. demonstrate against· the conscription bill .. fined for the possession of confidential • • • Because to them the building up of a · Accordingly, the House resolved itself Government documents, charged by Han. great military machine for the purpose of be­ into the Committee of the Whole House GEORGE A. DoNDERO ()n November 28, 1945, coming a partner in a wa:t: of rival imperif!l- on the State of the Union for the further with being in close touch with Earl Brow­ . isms is not consistent with true national de­ consideration of the b111 F.r. R. 3311, with der, until recently head of the Commu­ fense. I say, therefore, that 'the views I have Mr. CURTIS in the chair. . nist Party, Uaited States of America, and expressed are not those of an isolated individ­ The Clerk reaa the title of the bill. Tung Pi Wu, Chinese Communist dele­ ual. Rather, they are the views, eprlnging Mr. BUSBEY. Mr. Chairman, I rise in gate to the Conference. from deep convictions, of m1llions and mil­ opposition to the pro forma amendment. Mr. Stone's membership on the editorial lions of Americans who refuse to be duped Mr. Chairman, I probably could criti­ into war or into an -American form of dicta­ board of Amerasia covers the period of torship and fascism. cize these appropriations as well as any­ the Stalin-Hitler Pact during which this one in the C-ommittee, but I wish to di-: magazine-described the war in Europe No statement appeared in Amerasia to rect my remarks to the information and as imperialistic, declaring that- ; challenge this viewpoint, by Mr~ Stone or cultural program of the State Depart­ Germany, industrially powerful but poor anyone else. ment in this section of the bill. I concur in resources and weak financially, is attempt­ Again, llnder the joint editorship of in the statement of the chairman of the ing to take by force what Great Britain pos­ Mr. Stone, with Messrs. Jaffe, Field, and subcominittee, the gentleman from .Ne­ sesses. others, there appeared in the January braska [Mr. STEFAN}, in expressing con­ 1940 issue of' Amerasia an article by fidence not only in Secretary of State Jaffe's Communist alias was J. W. Phil­ Harriet .Moore entitled "Two Wars or· Marshall but also in his Assistant Secre­ lips--Washington Daily News, June 7, One," from which the following excerpt tary o.f State, Mr. Peurifoy. I think it 1945, page 1. Mr. Field was executive secretary of the American Peace Mobili­ is quoted: was very unfortunate that General Mar­ It- shall had to go to Moscow so shortly zation, a Communist front which picket­ after taking ofi:i:ce. ed the White House during the period of The United States- I repeat, I probably could criticize the the Stalin-Hitler Pact. should exert its infiuence to stop the Euro­ Writing in Amerasia of August 1937, pean conflict as soon as _possible by means State Department as well as anybody, together with such well-known defenders of ·negotiated balance-of-power peace. and I propose to show where it should of Soviet foreign policy as Frederick V. be criticized. Field, Edgar Snow, and Harriet Moore, No statement appeared to challenge . It was very unfortunate that, by Presi­ Mr. Stone comments as follows on rela­ this viewpoint. dential directive, so many people who _tions with Japan: Mr. Stone was formerly with the were Communist and pro-Soviet in their Budget· Bureau as administrative con­ Nevertheless, the case against invoking the thinking were transferred from the OSS, Neutrality Act, as presented by the State sultant at $9,800. He is said to have the OIC, the OIAA, and various agencies Department and a considerable section of the drawn up the plan for the Cultural Divi­ to the State Department. press, is not altogether convincing • • • sion of the State Department. Mr. Chairman, I have given consider­ on the other hand, if the events at Shang­ He has been in charge of selection of able time and study to the activities and hai have precipitated a general war, as seems personnel for foreign broadcasting. composition of the Cultural and Infor­ likely, a policy of drift which allows muni­ He is reported to have appointed tions shipments and trade in war materials George Shaw Wheeler, while Stone was mation Division of the State Department. to continue would not advance the cause of Therefore I wish to take a little time to peace or reduce the dangers of American in­ in London for the Board of Economic discuss this matter which is at present volvement. • • • Furthermore, the pos­ Warfare. Wheeler has a long record of under consideration by the Congress. sibilities of collective action under neutral- Communist affiliations and activities. Let no one assume that my attitude js .itY have apparently not been explored by Because of this record, Wheeler was re­ one of hostility toward a constructive Washington (p. 293). moved by the Civil Service Commission 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5297 and later reinstated as a result of left­ in world politics today. I asked for an inter­ They had three qualities which brought wing pressure. view with Mao Tze-tung. (From Humane armies success • • • a mastery of mo­ Next we have Haldore E. Hanson, Endeavor, p. 303.) bile warfare, sk1llful political propaganda, Assistant Secretary of the Office of In­ and superb leadership. • • • The revolu­ Fourth. Mr. Hanson, further, proudlY­ tionary land policy was a second reason for I formation and Culture. Here is his almost boastfully-shows how completely Red success. record: the Communists accepted him into their Assistant Secretary and the official confidence. He states: It would be well to see who in the De­ I lobbyist for the Office of Information (a) The guerrillas do not tolerate neutral- partment as well as outside the Depart­ and Culture. ity: A man is either for or against them ment urged Mr. Hanson's appointment Mr. Hanson has spent most of his (p. 296). to Cultural Affairs, and who in the De­ adult life since leaving school as a free­ partment urged his rapid promotion. lance writer in China. He wanted to Mr. Hanson was at all times given safe Evidently under fire of recent criticism, study, but, as he says : conduct through the Communist lines. Mr. Hanson has been transferred to the ~ When the school year drew to a close, I I have traveled in the commander in chief's Political Affairs Committee of the State decided to join a group of professors and motor car. Department. journalists in Peiping, headed by Edgar (b) I · spent 4 months at the close of 1938 Another members of the leading trium­ Snow 1 and his wife,2 who were organizing with the north China guerrillas. (The Na­ tion, April 8, 1939, p. 401.) virate in Mr. Benton's office is Charles a new political magazine.a Alexander Thomson. In a study entitled He held other positions which some Page 254: "The War in Spain," published 1n For­ of his superiors considered so important (c) Thirty miles south of Wut'ai I came eign Policy Reports of , 1938, page that he was excused from military serv­ upon two Canadian doctors. One was Dr. 39, he has the fO>llowing eulogy of the Norman Bethune,4 a surgeon from work of the Communists: ice. One of these positions was in the who was sent to China by the American Department of Agriculture. Committee for Medical Aid to China. To the Communists must go the major A further indication of the varied and credit for the introduction of order and unity colorful background which he brought to Fifth. Mr. Hanson, with more enthusi­ in this nondescript army. • • • On the the Department is in an article written asm than objectivity, tells of the aims Government side,. the most important poUt- about him-Review of Reviews, Febru­ and achievements of the Chinese Com- . leal developments have been·. (1') the rise of munists. · the Communist Party; (2) the working alli­ ary 1937, page 95-in which he is re­ ance effected by the Communists with the ferred to as smuggler, soldier, and diplo­ Page 296: right-wing Socialists and the Republican mat. In view of the fact that his mili­ The Communist agents frankly tell their Parties • • •; (3) the decline of Com­ tary service was not with the United visitors that they hope the present war will munist infiuence and its later resurgence in States armed forces, it would be well to produce a democratic government in China, the cabinet formed on April 4, 1938. · • • • learn with whom and for what he fought. which will be only one step. toward the ulti­ When Franco troops approached Madrid Mr. Hanson can best be judged, how­ mate goal of a socialist state. * * ..., This early in November 1936, a new and decisive goal was asserted by Mr. Huang Ching, the foreiga influence appeared on the scene. ever, by his own writings: A."The People Communist representative at the Fuping Russian aid had arrived-not only airplanes Behind the Chinese Guerrillas, pUblished conference when he stated: "The Communist and tanks, but also advisers, technicians and in Pacific Affairs, September 1938: Party is determined to support the formation the forces of the International Brigade, in In this article, he shows that he enjoyed of a democratic republic and to execute the many instances recruited by Communist the complete confidence of the Chinese Com­ duties laid upon it by this . new political agencies. Thanks in great part to Soviet munists-and that they do not tolerate any­ power." influence, the Spanish revolution was not one who is not completely on their side-the destined-as has so often been the case in official Communist position. • Page 298: history-to pass from the hands of moderates Despite this continued vision of a future to those of extremists. Instead, the Com­ First. Page 285 : Chinese Soviet the qualities of leadership at munists cast their weight against radical · To assess the strength of the self-defense the Central Hopei headquarters would seem trends; they proclaimed that the purpose governments and the mass movement sup­ to indicate that the Communists will not of the war was not to advance social revo­ porting the guerrillas, I spent 2 weeks travel­ fight any more civil wars. • • • This Red lution, but to defend a legal and democratic ing through guerrilla territory in central leadership is characterized by a bulldog at­ government. Hopei in March 1938 and brought back copies titude toward the ultimate goal, a flexi­ The Spanish Communists must be credited of nearly all of the official documents of 'she bility of methods, an attitude of self-criti­ with significant achievements. They led in government in· addition to my own observa­ cism toward all present work, a willingness transforming the militia into a disciplined tions. of experiment, and a complete absence (so army, and encouraged a unified command. far as I could see) of personal ambition. The They worked to unify and strengthen the That is, he was given official documents same qualities have marked every great central government as against the local by the Communists, and given safe con­ movement in history which has survived the committees. They put a check on whole­ duct through their lines. decades of adversity. to reach the pinnacles sale socialization of industry and collectivi­ Second. He shows that the central of power. (North China, May 1938.) zation of agriculture. They sought oo sub­ Hopei mass movement with which he was Humane Endeavor, page 32: stitute discipline under centralized authority for the spontaneous and disorderly enthu­ identified was definitely a part of the The Red leaders organized the masses, gave official Communist plan. siasm of the masses. They demanded that them discipline and something worth fight­ the social revolution be definitely subordin­ Third. Mr. Hanson, apparently him­ ing for. self a well-grounded student of the writ­ ated to the task of winning the war. ings of Marx and Lenin could judge the Humane Endeavor, page 79: The Communists, whose numbers had not actual knowledge of Marx which the Russian policy among the Outer Mon­ exceeded 50,000 prior to the revolt, derived golians appealed to the common people by power to enforce these policies from various Chinese Communists had. factors. First, of course, was aid from the exposing the corruption of both th~ priests Page 290: and the princes; aristocratic privileges were Soviet Union. A second factor was superior Naturally the political leaders trained in abolished; machinery for a democratic gov­ organizing ability, shown by their success the anti-Japanese academy are familiar with ernment, dominated by Russian advisers but in marshaling support both within the army the writings of Marx and Lenin and have employing whatever educated Mongols were and behind tile lines. The Communists won not abandoned their hopes for a socialist available, was set up at Urga in 1924. the allegiance of G~neral Miaja and many republic. other officers, largely controlled the com­ Page 101: missar ~ystem and the censorship, and were Page 303: Despite all these apparent handicaps the particularly strong ln the Madrid forces and MAO TZE-TUNG'S LONG VIEW Communists became the most powerful in the aviation corps. In the third place, China has the second largest Communist peasant armies in the history of revolution. the Communists skillfully exploited a policy Party in the world. The leader of the party of moderation toward socialization of in­ lives at Yenan. Next to Stalin he is the 'After the death of Dr. Bethune, the Daily dustry and agriculture, which gained the m•ost powerful Marxian thinker and leader Worker tolQ. that he had been a member o:t support of numerous middl'e-class elements, the Communist Party. The Worker further notably small business men and the richer 1 A prominent pro-Soviet writer on China. told that Dr. Bethune had served with the peasants. In consequence· their numbers 2 Under the pen name of Nym Wales, wrote Spanish Communist's Army in the medical showed a marked increase, being estimated extensively in support of Soviet policy, corps, and that he had played the hero role at 220,000 in January 1937. and 400,000 in a Page 30, Humane Endeavor, by H. Hanson. in a Soviet picture, Spain in Flames. September of the same year. 5298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD---.:HO.USE MAY 14

This report i~ ·in complete contradic­ make numerous busts of Latin-American sues? .What gu_arantee has Mr. Benton tion to the statements of numerous anti­ ex-Presidents at a handsome remunera­ that anybody is really listening to these Franco authorities to· the atrocities and tion? things? disruption committed by the Communists Who was .responsible .for the invitation According to a dispatch from Moscow under their Russian commissars in -the . to visit the United States issued. to two in the Washington Evening Star of Feb­ Spanish Civil War. writers and two engineers ·from Com­ ruary 18, 1947, only a comparatively few According-to Mr. Carlton J. H. Hayes, munist-ruied Kalgan, expE;nses to be paid · Russians heard the United States State former American Ambassador to Spain, · by the American Government? These Department's first Russian _language in his book, Wartime Mission to Spain, men were Chow Yang, vice president of broadcast. The Star's dispatch says: Mr. Thomson was responsible for the Kalgan's North China Uilion University; The, United States has an. elaborate pic­ appointment of Abel Plenn as cultural Oyang Shan-chun, playwright; Nih torial magazine, but schedules and wave attache in Spain. . Mr. Plenn's ideology Chun-jung and Li Su, engineers. lengths dealing wi~h the State Department can be determined from his recent book, Dr. Esther C. Brunauer was selected by programs have not been published in it. Wind in the Olive Trees, which is severely the State Department as United States On April ·14, 1947, the State Depart­ critical of every phase of American policy representative to UNESCO with the rank ment broadcast a supinely ' apologetic in Spain during the war. His pro-Com­ of minister. Speaking over NBC on May statement by David Lawrence in which munist bias is evident throughout the 31, 1946, at ·6 p. m., she declared: he pleaded with the Russians as follows: book which has been enthusiastically There are many barriers to the concept [of Let us confess that we each have made promoted by the Communist press and peoples speaking to peoples] ; there are the mistakes and that we, for instance, may mis­ prac~ices Communist book shops. barriers_ • • • of monopolistic understand eve~ now what you are doing According to the· Daily Worker of July to be overcome. in the Balkans, in Greece and Turkey. in 4, 1946, page 11, Mr. Thomson entered What did Dr. Brunauer mean by this? Korea. • • • We are not without sin_ into hearty cooperation with Tom Bran­ You mentioned the Negro question. Be What country was she criticizing? Was patient with us. don, producer and distributor of pro- . she aware of the fact that she was echo­ Communist films. This is enough to ing Soviet propaganda against the Is that the tone which a self-respect­ show where Mr. Thomson stands. United States? Has this lady ever taken ing nation should adopt toward a ruth­ It will be remembered that the person­ a critical attitude toward conditions in less, expansionist power? Following this nel of the Cultural Division is in large the Soviet Union? Evidently, again broadcast, Mr. Lawrence was duly as­ • measure a legacy from Communist per­ under fire of recent criticism, she has sailed by Ilya. Ehrenburg, Soviet spokes­ meated OWi, and the regime of Archi­ been shifted to the Office of Public man, wbereupon be issued the. following baid McLeish. How 'does it happen, for abject aRology: · example, that Mr. Armand D. Willis, cul­ Uiaison in the State Department. tural attache in Moscow, suddenly burst Now let us take a glance at the activi­ If it -will help matters, let me present my into the press attackinc American Em­ ties of this coterie. Much is made of the humblest. apologies and regrets for anything Russian broadcast. I am all for effective that I may have ever written derogatory ,to bassy officers as Russian haters? Is this broadcasts to ·the Soviet Union. -The Russia ·and may we all let , bygones be by­ appointment an accident or is it typical gones ·with respect to ,ever-ybody's past writ­ of the Cultural Department in general? voice of free America would be welcome ings on .other sldes. Who was responsible for the· seiection if it could reach the Russian people, but of Mr. Lau Shaw, who made a tour of the there are certain difficulties of whiCh Mr. How the Russian power politicians United States as a guest of the State De­ Benton has not adequately informed the must have la~ghed - at t.bis spectacle• _ partment? Later Mr. Shaw wrote an American people. In fact, he has mis­ Miss Elizabeth Egan, Acting Chief of article on Hollywood Films in China for led them to believe that there is free the Office · of International Information the pro-Communist magazine, Screen and easy access for American bread­ and Cultural Affairs in --Moseow f-or 2% Writer. In this article he assailed Amer­ casts to the Soviet Union. He has not years, has herself admitted the limita­ ican movies as · having "no educational told you that all receivers must be regis­ tions of broadcasts to the Soviet Union. and no cultural attitude and intention." tered at the nearest post _office in Rus­ In the Washington Post of , Who was responsible for sending as a sia. What reason ha.ve we to believe that 1947, she is quoted as saying that there delegate to the Educational. Scientific a dictatorship like the Soviet Govern­ are few short-wave sets in the Soviet and Cultural Organization of the United ment, with concentration camps, terror, Union-the average family having a States Prof. Harlow Shapley, who, in and firing squads would freely admit a plate which is turned to the local station spite of his scientific attainments, bas an broadcast from a foreign democracy? only. enormous record of affiliations with Com­ Why should Stalin set liP an iron curtain Mr. Benton has made a great to-do of munist-front organizations and defense against the press and suddenly withdraw the publication of the magazine Amerika. of Communist causes? that curtain at the request of Mr. Ben­ George Moorad, a Moscow correspondent Who was responsible for the appoint­ ton? As Mr. William Philip Simms, the and author of Behind the Iron Curtain, ment of Robert T. Miller, Chief in Charge noted columnist, said in the Scripps­ bas described the American project as of Publications, who has since been Howard press of December 21, 1945: follows: forced to resign and whose record is one Mr. Be:qton's department can no mqre The American effort was not serious of dubious loyalty to the United States? speak to people of the Soviet UniOJl than it enough to warrant unusual curbs. Since we Who was responsible for the appoint­ can speak to the people of Mars. And the were printing in New York, the text had to same can be said of the steadily expanding be translated into Russian, cabled to Mos­ ment of Charles A. Page, former cultural areas under Soviet control. cow for censorship and correction, cabled attache in Paris, whose membership in back to New York, and finally printed in the Communist Party and the Young Mr. Benton boasts of having received Russian. Then came the matter of ship­ Communist League is testified to by letters from recipients of messages from ping some thousands of copies into Moscow, verifiable Government files? America. How does he know that these when transport was available, and the re­ Who is responsible for the appoint­ people are not stooges who have sent sult was only two issues during the 7 months their letters with Government knowledge I was there. Our own American difficulties ment of Stefan Arski, alias Arthur Sal­ were so staggering, it was hardly necessary man, alias Kalimovski, contributor to the and approval? for Soviet bureaucrats to devise others. Communist Polish publication, Novy According to John Crosby in the Put'? Arski's Communist record was Washington Post of April 27, 1947, the Mr. David Sentner, writing in the Los previously exposed by Congressman State Department broadcast not only the Angeles Examiner on , 1946, Joseph P. Ryter. I do not know what his · views of Henry Wallace, who was attack­ has described the steps in publishing citizenship status is, but today he is pub­ ing tbe State Department, but even those Amerika as follows: lic-relations officer of the Polish Em­ of the Daily Worker, which called the The proofs are first sent to Moscow for bassy. How does Mr. Benton account Truman doctrine "a national shame." Soviet approval.- The Russian Government for this transition? Of what use is it to the United States censors the contents and sends back the ap­ Who was responsible for the fact that proved portions. • • • No copy of the to broadcast a talk on the Julliard School, magazine has ever been seen on a newsstand Jo Davidson, active in numerous Com­ the description of Louisiana, the func­ in the Soviet Union. • • • Why do we munist-front organizations, has been tion and organization of the Supreme permit the Soviet Union to censor an Ameri­ engaged ·by the State Department to Court, and surgical refrigeration is- can Government publication when the Union 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5299 of Soviet Socialist Republics issues through that a German Communist had b'een em­ renee in the New York Times of Janu­ the Soviet Embassy a weekly bulletin of in­ ployed in the broadcasting station. ary 1, 1946, when he declared: formation which is uncensored Communist The Daily Work,er of April 30, 1947, in propaganda and in violation of the Foreign A propaganda effort helpful only to the Agents Registration Act? the column conducted by Barnard Rubin, Soviet Union and harmful to the United publishes in detail a summary of a State States is under way throughout Latin Amer­ Indicative of what is going on inside Department directive to its international ica through formal channels of the Commu­ of Mr. Benton's Department is the fol­ broadcasting division. Has Mr. Benton nist Party, including its newspapers and lowing quotation in the pro-Communist ever ma

/ 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5303 under secretary, and an executive assist­ Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chair­ Washington in this Fqreign Trade Sec­ ant to the assistant secretary. They man, I reserve a point of order against tion of the Census Bureau and approxi­ have a secretary to the secretary and a the amendment. mately 90 in New York. N:ow that the secretary of public relations, and they The Chairman. The gentleman point or order to the removal proviso has have secretaries all over the place. from Nebraska is recognized for 5 been conceded this amendment is offered I think the committee has given them minutes. which in reality is a back-door attempt an ample amount of money to carry on Mr. ROONEY. Mr-. Chairman,. will to move this Section to New York. the Department of Commerce in an or­ the gentleman from Nebraska yield? The Foreign Trade Section is but one derly and effective way. Mr. STEFAN. I yield to the gentle­ minor department of the Census Bureau. I suggest that the Committee vote this man from New York. In the Census Bureau1there is the popu­ amendment down. Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I am lation census, the housing census, the The CHAffiMAN. The question is on thoroughly in accord with the provisions manufacturing census, the employment the amendment offered by the gentleman of the amP.ndment offered by the gentle­ census, the agricultural census not dupli­ from New York [Mr. ROONEY]. man from Nebraska [Mr. STEFANl. We cated by the Agricultural Department, The amendment was rejected. had anticipated that the gentleman from local and State go\'ernments census · a. deep,,·morale­ the time when· everyone should be well The CHAIRMAN. The time of the shattering depression, · there· 'are: very informed on -all aspects of our Nation's gentleman from Maryland has expired. real reasons to doubt that our form. of economy. Mr. SASSCER. Mr. Chairman, I ask government could survive as it now is, I want to say again that it is our duty unanimous cqnsent to proceed for two and as we want it to continue. There are to maintain a stable economy. Our additional minutes. . some who are just lYing in wait for that own welfare and that of the world de­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to happen. pends on the steps we take in Congress to the request of the gentleman from We must do everything humanly pos­ to do this. Maryland? sible to .assist business and industry I believe that a reduction in the funds There was no objection. maintain high levels of employment and available to the Bureau of the Census is Mr. SASSCER. Mr. Chairman, a year production. The people in my district a step in the wrong direction. I ask ago when a study was made by the Bu­ and the people everywhere want to at­ the Members of the House to restore the reau of the Budget for report to the Ap­ tain higher living standards and a great­ funds to -the $11,500,000 which the Bu­ propriations Committee, after extensive er measure of security that comes from reau requested. I think this is a step study they advised against it. They said:. full employment and a stable economy. in the right direction and that it is one The foreign trade statistics program can­ With that in mind, I want to discuss of the best investments this Congress not be merely a routine tabulation of the what to me is one of the most short­ can make in the welfare and prosperity data contained in export and import docu­ sighted and uneconomic proposals I have of the Nation and the world. ments: Its usefulness depends upon its ever ' seen. That is the proposal of the _Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I lise in adaptab1lity to changing situ~tions and Appropriations Committee, in its recom­ opposition to the amendment. . needs. The program is not isolated, but mendations on the budget of the Com­ Mr. Chairman, this amendment would closely related to working programs and re­ merce Department, tv cut the funds pf seek to_increase the amount of $5,000,- sponsibilities of many Government agencies. the Bureatt of the Census for current 000 allowed by .committee for current statistics from $11,500,000 ti> $5,000,000. census statistics to $11,000,000. I wish The Section of Customs Statistics should be located in Washington from the stand­ At this time in the Nation's history to call the attention of the Committee point of administration. If· the offices were when it is imperative for all of us to to the fact .that the ' Bureau of Cen":' in Washington many problems could be ad­ make wise economic de-cisions, the Ap­ sus has.taken unto itself unusually broad justed from time to- time before assuming propriations Committee proposes to re­ authority to take whatever census seems large proportions requiring investigations. duce the main Government agency to come to their minds. Much of t~is, The location of the section tn Washington which provides CongreSs, business, in­ in our opinion, is not authorized or never would permit of a greater and more expedi­ dustry, and agriculture with the facts anci was expected to be authorized by the tious use of tht: basic data. statistics upon which sound judgment Congress of the United States. I wish As it now stands, there are 300 em­ and action can be based. to call your attention to the fact that we ployees here tabulating and disseminat­ Full employment depends on high · have money in this bill for the decennial ing and publishing information and if production and it takes shrewd, hard­ census-that is, to start the de-cennial this amendment prevails they will be · headed managers, of large and small census-which comes in 2 years, at which moved to New York where all that need business alike, to maintain ·high produc­ time practically all of this will be taken 'Qe done is to take the data from the ships tion. They must know the right thing over again. We have information from ~s is done in other ports by mail. to do at the right time. Can this be ex­ various parts of the country indicating In addition to that, if I may repeat it pected of management unless up-to-date that the Census Bureau is now setting up again, it throws the appropriation way and accurate facts are available to them? field offices all over the United States, out of balance and .earmarks over $1,- This need of business managers for similar to the field offices of the Foreign 000,000. for this activity. If it is left here facts, facts and more facts, is not some­ and Domestic Commerce. A majority we will have the benefit of all the infor­ thing I have pulled· out of a hat like a of the committee are of opinion that the mation. magician's rabbit. The urgent need of amount that we allowed, in this bill; These 300 families who would have to businessmen for information to guide $5,000,000, is ample to-carry on the cur­ move to New York would not only have them in intelligent management deci­ rent statistical work. We have allowed to give up their homes here, but would sions is attested to by the strong position $4,000,000 in this bill for the current have difficulty in finding homes in that taken by the United States Chamber of census of manufactures." We see no rea­ already overcrowde~ city. I hope the ad­ Commerce and other business organiza­ son, in view of the fact that the' pi'Ople mendment will not prevail. tions in support of the fact-gathering want us to economize, why we should not The CHAIRMAN. The time of the work of the Bureau of the Census. reduce this sum to the amount we sug­ gentleman from Maryland has expired. Business representatives point out that gest, $5,000,000. I call your attention to Does the gentleman from Virginia press they must have these facts for intelli­ the fact, too, that in 1943 the amount for his point of order? gent planning. They want to have the current census was $1,242,000; in 1945, Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chair­ most recent information available on $4,300,000; and in 1946,$5,318,000. They man, I w1thdraw the point of order. current production and distribution, both are asking now $11,500,000. I urge the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on retail and wholesale; they want to know. members of the Committee for the sake the amendment offered by the gentleman the size of their markets, the size of the of ·ecoriomy to v-ote down this amend­ from Nebraska [Mr. STEFAN]. labor force, and latest figures on unem­ ment. The question was taken; and on a di­ ployment. These facts help them plan · The CHAIRMAN. The question is on vision (demanded by Mr. RooNEY and Mr. plant-expansion programs, how to sched­ the amendment_offered by the gentle­ ule their purchases, their production, and man from Pennsylvania· [Mr. BucHAN­ SASSCER) there were--ayes 71, noes 32. their sales activities. So the amendment was agreed to. AN]. Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Chairman, I I said the information they need must The am~ndment was rejected; offer an amendment. be recent because in these days of rapid The Clerk read as follows: shifts information goes quickly out of CIVIL ,AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION The Cle-rk read as follows: crate. It is therefore absolutely neces:.. Amendment o1fered by Mr. BucHANAN: On sary that information be kept current, Salaries and expenses: For necessai-y ex­ page 43, line 18, strike out "$5,000,000" and penses of the Civil Aeronautics Admintstra­ insert "$11,500,000." that old figures b~ replaced by rrew ones, t~on in carrying out the provisions ·of the so that decisions can keep pace with Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, as amended USJ: OF CENSUS FIGUJtES IN MAINTAINING changes that are taking place. (49 U. S. C. 401), incident to the enforce­ STABLE ECONOMY · Unless the funds we vote for the Census ment of safety regulations; maintenance Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Chairman, I Bure.au are. adequate for its operation we and operation cif air-navigation facilities am certain there is one thing on which will find that we here in Congress, busi:­ and air-traffic control; furnishing advisory every Member of this House will agree. service to States and other public and private nessmen, -and · farmers throughout the agencie.S in connection with the construction I think we would all agree that the country will not have the basic facts and or improvement of airports and landing chief responsibility of business, industry, figures on which to operate their enter:. areas; including personal services in the Dis­ e.nd government today is to work to­ prises. This is a time when everyone trict or Columbia; the operat!on and main­ gether to insure a stable, high-level . is wondering whether a recession or a tenance of 226 aircraft; contract stenographic 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5305

reporting services; fees and m~Ieage of ex­ towers. They are asking for 18 more the United States are given the same pert and other witnesses; purchase of 325 this year. It was about $3,000,000 last treatment; but if you are going to pay for and hire pf passenger motor vehicles; pur­ chase and repair of skis and snowshoes; and year. the operators in the control towers of salaries and traveling expenses of employees · · Mr. ROONEY. I trust you will sup­ 130 cities, we want the same advantage detailed to attend courses of training con­ port the amendment I have offered, and do not want to be discriminated ducted by the Government or other agencies which would, as I said before, put back against." So the committee felt that in serving aviation; $66,133,000, and the War into circulation our airport tower control view of this hodge-podge program which and Navy Departments are authorized to program. now has gotten into the category of "pork transfer to the Civil Aeronautics Adminis­ Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise barrel" we should call it to the attention tration without charge aircraft, aircraft en­ in opposition to this amendm6nt. of Congress by eliminating the item, so gines, parts, flight equipment, and hangar, line, and shop equipment surplus to the This committee eliminated $4,849,000 far as the payment of salaries to the op­ needs of such Departments: Provided, That for the air-traffic-control towers because erators is concerned, and leave in all of none of the funds hereby appropriated shall the membership is convinced now, more the safety factors. be used for the employment of personnel fo1• than ever, that these towers should be I know how difficult it is for Members the operation of air-traffic control towers: operated by the cities and municipalities of Congress to make their decision on Provided further, That there may be credited in which the airports are located and this amendment, because every Member to this appropriation, funds received from who derived the benefit from t.he traffic who has a control tower in his town and States, counties, municipalities, and other of the airports. The commercial air district being paid for by the Federal public authorities for expenses incurred in Government has a score of telegrams in the maintenance and operation of airport­ lines, the nonscheduled air lines, and traffic control towers. private :fliers should participate in this his possession demanding that he work cost. Last year, the funds for these to restore this money into this bill. Also, Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I offer towers were restored on the :floor of the a large number of Members who have an amendment. House for the same arguments being air control towers in their towns or dis­ The Clerk read as follows: presented today. I supported the tricts, being paicl for by municipalities, Amendment offered by Mr. RooNEY: On amendment last year, feeling that we have telegrams and letters in their pos­ page 45, line. 18, strike out "$66,133,000" and should take care of the most important session from the mayors and other offi­ insert "$70,982,000"; and on page 45, line 23, towers temporarily as a stopgap. Be­ cials demanding to get in on the band strike outr 'the proviso beginning with ihe fore the war, the control-tower operators wagon. word "That" and ending with the colon in Those of you who believe in economy line 1 on page 46. were paid for by the municipalities. Many of them used CAA operators. The and recognize the financial condition of Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, this is Army then took over the operations of the Federal Treasury shou.ld hesitate the item in which I know a great many the air-control towers, and when the war before you cast your vote in favor of this of us are vitally interested. This is the was over, the Army stated they no longer amendment. The amendment should be paragraph in the bill wherein the entire needed the towers for the prosecution of defeated in order to give the Interstate amount of moneys requested by the Civil the war and they returned them to the Commerce Committee notice that we Aeronautics Administration for airport municipalities. It was thought at that want some legislation in order to safe­ traffic-control towers is eliminated. The time that it would be well to continue guard our Treasury and bring about a majority members of this subcommittee operating some of the most important badly needed review of the entire finan­ and the majority members of the full towers under Government expense for cial conditions ·of the Civil Aeronautics Committee on Appropriations in their about a year, in order to give the munici­ Administration and its relationship to the judgment cut out the amount $4,849,000 palities, the air lines, and the CAA an American taxpayer and the aviation in­ for these very, very necessary airport opportunity to arrange for a method of dustry generally. traffic-control towers. My amendment paying for these operators out of·private I want to repeat what I told the mem­ would put the airport traffic-control funds. The committee felt that, as long bers of the committee yesterday in my tower program back in circulation. It as the Government is constructing most general statement regarding my concern would iricrel:!-se the amount on line 18, of the airports furnishing most of the over the matter of cost, and the predic­ page 45, from $66,133,000 to $70,982,000, equipment and safety aids, it should not tions which are made every day con­ and also strike out the proviso beginning be called upon to pay for the salaries of nected with the air industry. This refers on line 23 on page 45 wherein the com­ the operators of the air-control towers to the great increases in the number of mittee would like to have us say that any more than it should be called upon airplanes and personnel and the air in­ none of the funds appropriated in the to pay for the railroad operators and dustry generally that affect the future. paragraph shall be used for the employ­ train dispatchers in the railroad depots. I might point out that the number of ment of personnel for the operation of A majority of the committee feels that domestic civil aircraft produced in 1941 air-traffic control towers. with a transfer of 'the costs of operating was a little over 8,000. It is estimated I feel that I do not need to say very these towers the safety factor is in no 50,000 will be produced in 1948. The much with regard to this item because way affected. The towers would be con­ total registered aircraft in 1941 was 22,- the temper of the House was expressed tinued to be operated by CAA personnel 500, and it is estimated 171,000 will be yesterday. I inserted at page 5196 of under CAA standards and the cities and produced in 1948. The total revenue yesterday's RECORD a list of the airport municipalities would merely be reim­ passenger-miles in 1938 was 1,300,000,000, traffic-control towers, numbering 148, bursed $25,000 or $35,000 each annually and it is estimated that in 1948 the total showing the locations where those tow­ for the operation of the towers. The revenue passenger-miles will be 7,500,- ers were intended to be. This is just an­ actual maintenance of these towers, that 000,000. It seems obvious that the Fed­ other instance of penny-wise, pound­ is, installing equipment and keeping it eral Government cannot afford to con­ foolish economy on the part of the ma­ in first-class condition, would continue tinue to increase appropriations to the jority. They eliminate 148 of these traffi~ to be a responsibility of the CAA and CAA in proportion to the increased air control towers with the e:x.pectation, the funds are provided in this bill for that activity. hope, and the prayer that somebody else purpose. It would be very well for Members of will pay for them, when the fact of the It is my sincere belief that if something Congress to inform themselves what it matter is they are thereby jeopardizing is not done, or started very soon, this item cost the taxpayer every tim~ a commer­ safet.7 on our entire system of national will eventually cost the taxpayers more cial airplane leaves an airport with a load airways. than $150,000,000 a year and the present of passengers and freight. It is time to Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Chair­ amount will be increased every year, or review this entire matter of cost. man, will the gentleman yield? as rapidly as the real pressure can be Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. ROONEY. I yield to the gentle­ placed on the CAA by the hundreds of the gentleman yield? Does the com­ man from Alabama. cities which want the government to pay mittee understand that we have 4,700 Mr. JONES of Alabama. What was for this service and which they· are pay­ airports now in the United States? the expenditure for this service last year? ing for themselves without complaint. Mr. STEFAN. We have 4,728 airports Mr. ROONEY. I do not have that These municipalities and their officers 1n the United States. figure readily available. tell me, "We are paying for the operators Mr. DONDERO. That means we have Mr. STEFAN. If the gentleman will in our· towers ourselves and we are will­ 100 airports for every State in the yield, we had an amount last year for 130- ing to do that if the rest of the cities in Union. XCIII--335 5306 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 Mr. STEFAN. Besides that, the Army discussed on yesterday. I want to ex­ whereby we can set up a plan and deter­ and Navy turned over to us by way of plain the difference between the substi­ mine who is going to pay for a lot of this surplus more than 400 surplus airports tute amendment and the amendment of­ airway equipment. I think the day will which were built for war purposes. fered by the gentleman from New York. soon be here when the air lines should They told us in committee they will have The gentleman from New York sug­ pay a greater share of the cost of the air­ in addition to that many more surplus gests that we strike out the proviso at line equipment; but I do think it is the Army and Navy airports for which they the end of the section which permits the responsibility of the Federal Government will have no further use. CAA to receive reimbursements from to provide the equipment to operate Mr. SABATH. Mr. Chairman, will States, counties, and municipalities. I what we usually refer to as our Federal the gentleman yield? believe that should be left in the bill. airways system. Mr. STEFAN. I yield. Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, will The gentleman from Nebraska stated Mr. SABATH. Is not the gentleman the gentleman yield? that there were 4,000 or more airports in and the committee aware that this air Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I yield. the United States. Nobody is even ask­ transportation is increasing by leaps and Mr. ROONEY. That is not it at all. ing that we put a federally-operated con­ bounds and that it would be manifestly Mr-. MILLER of Connecticut. Did not trol tower at every one of those airports. unfair to unload the cost of maintaining the gentleman ask that that provis.o be This expensive CAA program has these towers on the local governments? stricken out? grown considerably in the past few years. Mr. STEFAN. I am aware of that Mr. ROONEY. The only proviso that and it is going to grow in the future, but more than you are because I have lived I asked be stricken out was the proviso so have the revenues. I want to refer with this thing for more than 15 . years. which stated that none of the funds to a paragraph of the testimony pre­ I know about it. Certainly I am aware hereby appropriated shall be used for the sented to the Interstate and Foreign of it. I am just as interested in the employment of personnel for the opera­ Commerce Committee this morning safety factor as you or anybody else. tion of air traffic control towers. bearing on this subject of revenues from That is what J. am going to talk about. The· gentleman's amendment does not air lines and air-line operations. Mr. We cannot discriminate on safety. If even include that. So while the gentle­ Carlton Putriam, president, Chicago & one airport. gets the service, why should man asks for the same .amount as I do, Southern Air Lines, Inc., testified: not other airports· get the service? except an additional thousand dollars, Under an estimate made for Congre~s by Mr. SABATH. But the elimination of more or less, he does not provide that the the Board of Investigation and Research, the this appropriation will not help for the airport traffic .control towers may be domestic air lines thus far have received in safety for our air travelers. the way of mail subsidy about $110,000,000. maintained. This appears to have been pretty well paid Mr. STEFAN. I will get into that_and Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I beg - back, since the direct expenditure from ap­ explain it. the. gentleman's pardon and the pardon propriations in the domestic air-mail service· Mr. HORAN. Mr. Chairman, will the of the Committee. I had the wrong pro­ by the Post Office Department, including gentleman yield? vi~o in mind. The proviso I had in· mind both the payments to carriers and all the Mr. STEFAN. I yield. was at the top of page 46.· other direct costs of maintaining the serv­ Mr. HORAN. Is it not true that we Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con­ ice, but not indirect allocations, was $361,- are at the place where we have to make 436,839 through 1946, whereas the postal sent to withdraw the substitute amend­ revenue was $484,071,259, leaving a credit in a decision? Either we have to · cut out ment and that I may be recognized on the air lines' favor on this basis of $122, the control towers or we have to-furnish the Rooney amendment. 634,420. This exceeds by more than $32,- control towers and operate them for The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection 000,000 the $90,000,000 estimated by the Civil every airport. to the request of the 'gentleman from Aeronautics Board to be the air lines' share Mr. STEFAN. Absolutely. Some­ Connecticut? of the costs of airways and airports. So we where along the line you have got to There was no objection. have a total of perhaps $200,000,000 (the make a start, and here it is. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman $110,000,000 plus the · $90,000,000) so far ad­ Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. CP,airman, will vanced by the Government, in the form of from Connecticut is recognized. support, with accruals back to the Govern­ the gentleman yield? Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Chairman, will the ment of all of this, plus the Post Office's Mr. STEFAN. I yield. gentleman yield? direct allocations, plus $32,000,000. Mr. CRAWFORD. Do not the fares Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Briefly. which are charged passengers for travel­ Mr. BROOKS. I assume from what the A great deal of this maintenance cost ing in these planes cover a substantial gentleman said that he is very much in for airways is coming back to the Treas­ ; gross cost so that the air lines can pay favor of increasing the appropriations. ury through the Post Office Department. for some of these improvements? Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I am ab­ · Mr. Wright, of the CAA,-testified when Mr. STEFAN. The argument will be solutely in agreement with the gentleman this matter was under considerati'on by made that they do not and that ·the from New York in restoring the full the subcommittee, as follows: commercial lines are not making money amount. Mr. WRIGHT. We feel that the airport traffic­ now. Mr. BROOKS. I am very glad to learn control towers are a vital and integral part Mr. Chairman, I oppose the amend­ that and I assure the gentleman that I of the Federal airways system, and it would be ment. absolutely inappropriate. With the increas­ think he is right. ing traffic that there is it would possibly be Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Chairman, will the disastrous to have those operated by local Chairman, I offer a substitute amend­ gentleman yield? communities. ment. Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I yield. Again he said: The Clerk read as follows: Mr. RIVERS. Our distinguished friend Substitute amendment offered by Mr. MIL­ from Nebraska made the statement that Mr. WRIGHT. If you are talking of the re­ LER of Connecticut for the Rooney amend­ the only reason we favored this was be­ imbursement to the Government of one part ment: On page 45, line 18, strike out "66,133" cause we got telegrams from mayors and of the expense, such as we are talking about and insert "$70,-983." under this general Federal airways program, so forth. Is that the reason the gentle­ that would be a possibility, if you could get The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman man favors it? all the cities to do it, but if one refused to from Connecticut is recognized for 5 Mr. MTILER of Connecticut. I have do it, it seems to me you would be left with­ minutes in support of his amendment. not received a single telegram from any out one link in your whole Federal airways system, and you simply could not fly air­ Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. mayor in my district. There are only two planes, into that airport under instrument Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to control towers in my district. To me this weather conditions. proceed for three additional minutes. is a matter of making our airways safe The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection and nothing more. Mr. Chairman, there is the best au­ to tl;le request of the gentleman from I usually agree with the gentleman thority I know of on the operation of the Connecticut? · from Nebraska. As I said on yesterday, American airways. There was no objection. I agree with the gentleman from Ne­ Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Chairman, will The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman braska in the ultimate plan of eventually the gentleman yield? from Connecticut is recognized for 8 turning the cost of these control-tower Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I yield minutes. operations back to the States. I believe, to the gentleman from Tennessee. Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. however, that should be done only after Mr. JENNINGS. How much does the Chairman, this matter was pretty well the Congress has considered legislation gentleman's amencment increase this 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5307 appropriation for thf maintenance of would not be able to afford to do it, Mr. HINSHAW. I yield to the gentle­ these airways? because while they might be an im­ man from New York. Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. A little portant airport for either air line flying Mr. ROONEY. The gentleman stated less than $5,000,000. or private fiying or military fiying, they at the outset that his substitute amend­ The CHAIRMA!'I. The time of the might be small municipalities, and hence ment was similar to mine except for gentleman from . Connecticut has ex­ be unable to support a control tower. the amount of $133,500 for the Washing­ pired. My committee on Interstate and For­ ton National Airport. Does the gentle­ Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, I of­ eign Commerce, having the subject of ai:rr man realize that on page 47 of the bill fer a substitute amendment for the safety under investigation and study under "Maintenance and operation, Rooney C:tmendment. since the 15th of January of this year, Washington National Airport," the The Clerk read ::ts follows: is now giving very careful thought to amount of $133,500 to which he refers many matters relating to aviation, and is included? Substitute amendment offered by Mr. Mr.li1NSHAW. That is exactly why I HINSHAW for the amendment offered 'by Mr. this is one of them. Whether or not we RooNEY: On page 45, line 18, strike out "$66,- will be able to resolve an equitable solu­ deducted it from the over-all item, be­ 133,000" and insert "$70,848,500", and strike tion to this problem any different thai} cause it is included in the Washington out the proviso beginning on line 23 , page the one now being used, is a question National Airport item according to your 45 , and ending on line 1, page 46.' which we cannot answer as yet. It is committee report and hence is not needed entirely too complicated. as a part of the over-all amount. Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, the There are airports which are used Mr. ROONEY. The gentleman is difference between the Rooney amend­ principally by Army· and Navy fiiers. utterly incorrect. I am sure the chair­ ment and my amendrr!ent is the deduc­ There are airports which are principally man of the subcommittee on his side tion of $133,500 which I find upon :read­ used by the private fiiers :flying small will explain it to him. ing the hearing5 and the committee re­ airplanes. There are airports such a.s Mr. HINSHAW. May I ask the chair­ port was allocated and assigned to the LaGuardia and Washington National man of the committee if I am not cor­ Washington National Airport and in­ that are used very largely and almost rect in that statement? cluded in the Washington National Air­ exclusively by commercial operators. Mr. STEFAN. The item was deducted port appropriation for the purpose of Landing fees are charged to commercial in the· committee. maintaining the control-towei· operation operators, of course, but there is only, one Mr. HINSHAW. Ded~cted from here in Washington. Consequently, it is airport in the United States that is even what? not needed as a part of this over-all ap­ breaking even today-! guess Washing­ Mr. STEFAN. It has been deducted propriation, and I have deducted it from ton National is coming close to it-but from the amount w , allowed. If the the total amount. LaGuardia Airport, I understand, shows gentleman will read the third paragraph In respect to control tower operation, a small profit. No other airport in the on r)age 27 of the committee report, he I think that I am as well qualified to United States is able to show a profit. op will find that we deducted this $133,500 speak on this .subject as nearly any its operations as yet. However, the ~usi­ for the maintenance and operation of Member of the House, having been a ness is growing,.and it may be that in the air control tower, Washington Airport, member of the investigating committee not too distant future some will be able from the item the gentleman seeks to of which the gentleman from Oklahoma, to show a profit on their airports. How­ decrease on page 4!l, line 18, namely, Mr. Nichols, was chairman, and which ever, they are not presently able to sup­ $66,133 000. included the gentleman from Illinois port the quality of control-tower oper­ Mr. HINSHAW. The gentleman [Mr. DIRKSEN], the gentleman from ators and the number of control-tower means that the amount of $4,890,000, , Mr. Kleberg, and the gentle­ operators that are reqUired to bring or whatever it is, was originally $133 ,500 man from Tennessee, Mr. Pearson. safety to aviation. higher than that? The first time that we came to the full Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. Mr. STEFAN. That is correct. conclusion that control towers definitely Chairman, will the· gentleman yield? Mr. HINSHAW. Then I am wrong, should be operated by the Federal Gov­ Mr. HINSHAW. I yield to the gentle- but the bill and the committee report ernment was upon the investigation of man from Connecticut. · are quite indefinite on that point. Under the accident that occurred at Atlanta, Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Was it the circumstances, Mr. Chairman, I ask Ga., wherein our former colleague, Bill not brought out before our committee unanimous consent to withdraw my sub­ Byron, was killed, and Eddie Ricken­ that if this GCA equipm~nt is operated, stitute amendment, with the hope that backer was seriously injured. We came as they hope to by the control-tower the Rooney amendment will be adopted. to the conclusion then and there that to operators, that it will make them even a The CHAIRMAN. ,Is there objection trust the municipality for the quality of more essential part of the control-tower to ·~ht: request of the gentleman from operators, with the salary scales offered operation? California? by some municipalities and with the Mr. HINSHAW. That is light. A con­ There was no objection. patronage system involved, was a wholly sole with two radar scopes can be used Mr. HAVENNER. Mr. Chairman, I unsatisfactory way to operate such an very handily by the control-tower oper­ move to strike out the last word. important part of our airway _system. ators themselves, and much to my sur­ Mr. Chairman, I have asked for this If you will examine the accident sta­ prise, in the Washington National Ai~­ tl.me in order to read to the House two tistics over the years you will find that a port budget, they put in $69,000 for addi­ telegrams which I have received from very high proportion-the exact propor­ tional personnel to operate the radar officials of the city and county of San tion is not in my mind at the moment, scope. Francisco. The first is from Hon. Roger but it is in my mind as 80 percent;-{)! The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Lapham, mayor of San Francisco. I all accidents to aircraft, both civil, mili­ quote: tary, and commercial, occur on or in the gentleman from California has expired. Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask Am .advised House Appropriations Com­ immediately vicinity of airports when unanimous consent that the gentleman's mittee has eliminated from Commerce De­ .the airplanes are under control of the time be extended three additional partment appropriation bill funds for op­ local control zone operator or th~ air­ minutes. . eration of San Francisco airport air-traffic­ port control-tower operator. Conse­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection control tower. While we naturally protest quently, it is of the very highest im­ to the request of the gentleman from imposition of this. financial burden on our portance that these control-tower op­ local government, we are more principally New York? concerned because of firm feeling that all erators be just top notch. There was no objection. traffic-control-tower men should be hired ·Now, to say that you are going to turn Mr. HINSHAW. There is no need and controlled by one agency, necessarily this function back to the municipalities whatever, as I see it, to supply additional Federal, in the interest of uniform control on June 30 next and expect them to operators at control towers for the oper­ in all airports and resulting standardization support the operation of control towers ation of these radar scopes. I under­ ot safety for benefit of all pilots as well is, in my humble opinion, perfectly ri· as passengers. It is unthinkable that na­ stand however, that very large sums of tional and international air commerce and diculous. The local communities are not money were suggested by the CAA for lives of countless thousands of passengers in a position to take over these control that purpose. should be jeopardized. towers on the 30th of next June, and if Mr. ROONEY·. Mr: Chairman, will the I personally oppose centralization of gov­ they were, there are many of them that gentleman yield? ernment in Federal hands as a matter of 5308 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 broad principle, but feel that air commerce, As we all know, the primary respon­ Mr. BAKEWELL. This figure in­ which knows no State boundaries and few sibility for the saf~ty of the airways is cludes -the $4,849,000 which was cut by international ones, is type of operation so lodged in the Civil Aeronautics Author­ the Appropriations Committee together fast moving and broad that centralization $63,734 in Federal agency of safety control and su­ ity. To attempt to return that function with the sum of submitted by the pervision is only answer in this particular to the communities, would in my judg­ CAA as the cost of devices and personnel case. ment be inviting confusion, lack of required for the operation of an airport San Francisco now spending $20,000,000 to uniformity, and possibly disaster. The which was recently approv~d by it, that make our airport one of world's finest. Many CAA has very high st9.ndards and quali­ is, after the CAA had submitted its orig­ other cities also modernizing airports for fications for its personnel. It has an inal estimates to the Appropriations safety and convenience. All this would be established and uniform system through­ Committee. In that regard I should like undermined 1f uniform safety standards of It to defer to my colleague the gentleman air-traffic-control-tower men are sidetracked out the country. means a great deal by Federal Government. to every Army, Navy, commercial, and from Missouri [Mr. CoLE], in whose dis­ ROGER D. LAPHAM, private pilot who comes into an airport trict this recently approved airport is Mayor. if he is accustomed to the system of com­ situated. munications which is in operation there. Mr. ROONEY. I think there are a And now, Mr. Chairman, I would like to There is now perfect cooperation between number of gentlemen who have local air­ quote a telegram which I have received land and air which must be maintained, ports they would like to have included. from Mr. Mike Doolin, manager of the particularly when we consider the split­ The CHAffiMAN. The time of the San Francisco Airport, who is in attend­ second decisions which frequently must gentleman from Missouri [Mr. BAKE- ance at the convention of the American be made in, bringing a plane-in for land­ WELL] has expired. . Association of Airport Executives in ing at a crowded airport or controlling Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask Chicago. I quote: traffic for take-off. unanimous consent that the. gentleman The American Association of Airport Exec­ What is the cost of this program? I be given two additional minutes. utives in annual convention at Chicago and believe in economy. This program is less The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection as a special first order of business request to the request of the gentleman from that you present to the Congress immedi­ than $5,000,000. Yet, if you have one ately its unanimous and urgent protest disaster involving a DC-6 you will have New York? against the elimination from CAA appro­ lost almost a million dollars right there. There was no objection. priations of funds for the operation of air Of course, we would not attempt to eval­ Mr. ROONEY. I wonder if the gen­ traffic control towers. This association, com­ uate in dollars and cents the human lives,­ tleman would advise me as to-how he posed of airport managers and executives of and on these large passenger ships there arrived at that amount. wide experience in aviation, and from locali­ can be 40, 50, or 60 people. Mr. BAKEWELL. , ! .defer to my col­ ties with the heaviest volume of air traffic, The committee recommends that the league the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. are amazed at the elimination of funds for CoLE), in whose district this particular this key agency on which is dependent the CAA personn~l still operate thes~ air­ safety of air commerce and the life of every ports, but that the city should reimburse airport is located. pilot and air passenger on air line or any them. · Mr. COLE of Missouri. If the gentle­ other aircraft. With due deference to this recommen­ man will yield, I hope to get time after Congress must reinstate funds for the dation of the committee, I do not think the gentleman has yielded the floor: Federal operations of air traffic control to'wers that it is realistic. There will be a divi­ However, I will say that the CAA fur­ or take the responsibility for the complete sion of responsibility. You will have nished me the figure of $63,734 for the break-down of a system of ftight control operation of the control tower and the which has been proven the safest in the these flight-control tower operators in world. the impossible position of trying_to serve replacing of equipment there at St. MIKE DOOLIN, - two masters; that is, the CAA, by whose Joseph, Mo. Manager, San Francisco Airport. regulations they must abide, and the Mr. ROONEY. I believe the gentle­ municipalities, who are paying their sal­ man from Louisiana [Mr. HEBERT] also Mr. BAKEWELL. Mr. Chairman, I has an airport down in New Orleans that offer an amendment, which is at the aries. Mr. PLOESER. Mr. Chairman, will the CAA gave him some figures with re­ Clerk's desk. gard to a new proJect. Does the gentle­ The Clerk read as follows: the gentleman yield? Mr. BAKEWELL. I yield to my col.! man from Missouri realize that these Substitute amendment offered by Mr. league. items have not been presented by the BAKEWELL for the Rooney amendment. Bureau of the Budget; that they have Page 45, line 18, strike out "$66,133,000" Mr. PLOESER. I would like to say to and insert in lieu thereof "$71,045,734." my colleague from Missouri that I sup­ not been examined by this committee On page 45, line 23, strike out beginning port wholeheartedly the idea that this and by the able chairman the gentleman with the word "That", down to and including should be under Federal supervision, and from Nebraska [Mr. STEFAN], and the the word "towers", on page 46, line 1, and I will support not only his substitute but majority members of the committee, and insert in lieu thereof the following: "That that the figure which he suggests is one $4,877,734 of the funds hereby appropriated I would support the amendment offered by the gentleman from New York [Mr. that is more or less taken out of thin air? shall be available for the employment of per­ I sonnel for the operation of air-traffic con­ RooNEY]. However, I do believe that Mr. BAKEWELL. yielded to the trol towers." with the tremendous growth of this cost gentleman for a question, and now if I to the Federal Government, an imme­ may answer him: In the first place I do Mr. BAKEWELL. Mr. Chairman, the diate plan should be brought about not think that the CAA merely takes its objective of this amendment is sub­ whereby we will have local reimburse­ figures out of thin air. As far as I am stantially the same as the objective of ment. I do not believe we should go on concerned, I think every airport that is the amendMent offered by the distin­ and on and on and let these costs mount under the supervision of the CAA should guished gentleman from New York. when in the main they are to the credit have this same type of operation. I However, ;t goes a little bit further than and the additional service of the air would have gladly acceded to the request his. lines and the municipalities. I support of any Member of this Congress in whose His amendment eliminates lines 23, 24, it in the hope that this Congress can district an airport might recently have and 25, which provide that these funds bring a program which will reimburse been approved but for which funds were should not be used for the personnel the Federal Government for the man­ not allocated in this bill. And now to handling air-control towers. My amend­ agement of airport controls. include the airport for which the request ment goes further and affirmatively Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, will is made by the gentleman from Missouri states that these funds, if they should [Mr. COLE], is just extending my theory be reinstated, shall specifically be used the gentleman yield? that you must have uniformity in evei·y for this purpose. My amendment like­ Mr. BAKEWELL. I yield . . airport throughout the country. wise increases the amount from $4,849,- Mr. ROONEY. Will the gentleman We witnessed a series of air casual­ 000 to $4,877,000, in order to iaclude please advise the amount that he insert­ ties last winter. The Congress initiated within this program an airport which was ed in line 18 in lieu of $66,130,000? an investigation. Suppose we deny the approved and recognized by the CAA Mr. BAKEWELL. $71,045,734. CAA these funds, and some crashes oc­ after it had submitted its figures to the Mr. ROONEY. May I inquire of the cur as a result. Suppose, further, that Committee on Appropriations. gentleman how he arrived at that figure? the Congress undertakes an investiga- 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5309 tion, and comes to the conclusion that done that will provide the maximum amount 10. A large proportion of airport traffic is the cr·ashes were due to untrained and of safety in all aspects of air traffic control. interstate or international rather than local inexperienced · flight-control operators. The committee has recommended that the and the responsibility' of controlling this airport control tower operators be retained traffic should not be placed upon the mu­ Then the Congress will stand self­ in the employ of the Civil Aeronautics Ad­ nicipality. accused and self-convicted before the ministration and the individual cities re­ entire country. imburse the Civil Aeronautics Administra­ CHICAGO, ILL., , 1947. I appeal to you, my colleagues, to re­ tion for salaries which supposedly would Hon. CLAUDE I. BAKEWELL, store these funds. Aviation is pecu­ allow standardization. There is no law nor House of Representatives, liarly interstate and national in scope, requirement to force the cities to take such Washington, D. C.: more so than any other medium of action. Furthermore, if a number of key Word has reached me that there is lan­ cities fail to accept this responsibility the guage in H. R. 3311, page 45, and elsewhere travel. To turn this responsibility back entire system of traffic control is broken and to the local communities would definitely in this measure, that strike out $4,849,000 safety is greatly jeopat:dized. This type of which will have the effect of discontinuing be a step backward in the development arrangement will necessarily require airport all present Federal air traffic control tower and progress of aviation. There must be traffic controllers to serve two agencies; operators. Under this plan replacements can uniformity in the operation of air-con­ namely, the individual cities and the Federal come only from local municipalities improp­ trol towers. To deny these funds to the Government which will not be conducive to erly trained, ill-equipped political appointees. CAA is tinkering with safety and toying efficient and safe operations. The Nation's air line pilots object most with human life which we· cannot afford For your information, we are attaching a strenuously to this deletion of funds from condensation. of the reasons that the air-line H. R. 3311 on the grounds that it will have to do when we consider the compara­ industry feels that the Civil Aeronautics Ad­ tively ritinor sum involved. the effect of causing the harmful disintegra­ ministration should operate airport traffic tion of the present Nation-wide uniform air Mr. Chairman, under unanimous con­ control towers. This material has been sup­ traffic control operation procedure which is sent to revise and extend my remarks in plied to the Bureau of the Budget and the marked advance in air traffic control meth­ the RECORD, I include a copy of a letter agencies interested in the matter, which have ods. The presently employed air traffic con­ received from Gen. Milton W. Arnold, requested that the Air Transport Association trollers, methods, and procedw·es are the vice president, in charge of operations provide this data for their guidance in con­ results of years of trial and error, careful and engineering of the Air Transporta­ sidering this question. selection, and expert training. To destroy Sincerely yours, all this and throw it into the hands of local tion Association of America, and also a MILTON W. ARNOLD, copy of a telegram received from Mr. municipalities where these jobs will become Vice President, Operations and En­ political footballs and will be used for local David L. Behncke, president, Air Line gineering. patronage purposes dependent on who hap­ Pilots Association: pens to have the upper hand politically at Am TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, REASONS FOR CAA OPERATION OF CONTROL TOWERS the time and changing with each changing Washington, D. C., May 9, 1947. 1. Standardization of training of control­ political regime, will result in a disastrous The Honorable CLAUDE I. BAKEWELL, lers has been reached through CAA training backward step in the development of our Congressman trom Miesouri, courses. air line network so important to our air com­ House of Representatives, 2. Procedures and phraseologies have been merce and to national defense. Air- line Washington, D. C. standardized. traffic and air traffic control from one end to MY DBAl:. CONGRESSMAN BAKEWELL: I 3. Technical advances in equipment de- the other still has a long way to go to reach thought you might be interested in the sign more readily possible. . perfection but if the parts of it that have , thoughts of the Air Transport Association 4. Purchase of equipment incorporating reached reasonably safe and practical de­ concerning the proposal of the House Appro­ latest design features possible under Federal . velopment are destroyed by foolish economy pd~tions Committee to elimlnate.Civll Aero­ operation of control towers because of great­ then we are turning our backs upon what is nautics Administration operation of airport er resources and pUrchasing power of the right and proper and inviting an epidemic control towers. CAA at a saving to the taxpayer. - of air crashes and marching backwards to The scheduled air-line industry is greatly 5. Approach control, a necessity to more the dark ages of air line traffic control. 1 am concerned respecting the possible decrease reliable and safe clearance of aircraft into sure that the Congress of the United States in safety that would .occur should the im­ and out of airports under restricted condi­ would not want to do this and upon know­ portant f~ction of airport traffic control, tions of ceiling and visibility, can only func­ ing the facts will wisely restore the money with the accompanying responsibility of ap­ tion when both airport tower personnel and that they have struck from H. R. 3311 for proach control under instrument approach airway traffic personnel are responsible to the payment of the presently employed conditions, be assigned to air traffic con­ the same central authority. highly experienced and efficient air traffic trollers who were employees either directly 6. Maintenance of tower-operating equip­ control tower operators in preference to the or indirectly of any agency or organization ment such as radio transmitters and re­ hodge podge of political appointees to con­ other than the Civil Aeronautics Adminis­ ceivers, voice recorders, interphone circuits, etc., more economically and efficiently ac­ trol our air traffic. The air line pilots of tration. our Nation will deeply appreciate a recon­ It has been agreed by all Government agen­ complished by technical specialists employed by the CAA. sideration of this action by the Congress of cies concerned with the operation of air­ the United States, many of whose Members craft, as wen as representatives of all seg­ 7. Competent tower-operating personnel they fly as pas~engers to and from their dis­ ments of civil aircraft operations, that airport essential to the safety of air commerce more. and airway t:r:affic control are no longer sep­ readily accessible to the CAA than through tricts. To not restore these funds would be arate and distinct functions and must, in municipal sources because of CAA ability to calamitous to the best interests of our coun­ the interests of safe and reliable aircraft reach by means of Federal civil service all try's air lines and to the defense of our operations, function completely under the · corners of .the country. Opportunities for Nation. supervision and the control of one agency. advancement will be greater because under DAVID L. BEHNCKE, As you are aware, the Civil 1\.eronautics the CAA particularly competent personnel President, Air Line Pilots Association. Administration has adopted a policy of ap­ may be promoted to better positions at other The CHAffiMAN. The time of the proving approach control only at those air­ towers. ports where airport traffic control is under 8. Air traffic now using, and which will con­ gentleman from Missouri has again ex­ its jurisdiction and the tower operators in its tinue to use, the airways consist of Army and pired. employ. The air lines concur wholeheart­ Navy aircraft, air-carrier planes, miscellane­ Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I move edly with this stand. ous aircraft, privately owned aircraft, and that the Committee do now rise. There have been several cases in the past planes of foreign registry. Owing to the The m9tion was agreed to. where approach control has not functioned widespread diversification of interest of oper­ to the best intere;:;t of safe aircraft opera­ .ators of the various types of aircraft it is es­ Accordingly the Committee rose; and tions where control tower operators were em­ sential to orderly .and safe operational pro­ the Speaker having resumed the chair, ployed by the municipalities. I believe out­ cedures that airport-traffic control be exer­ Mr. CURTIS, Chairman of the Committee standing examples that can be cited are La­ cised by an ·authoritative Federal agency. of the Whole House on the State of the Guardia F'ield and the city airport, 9. The practice of permitting airport-tower Union, reported that that Committee, the towers at both of which have subse­ personnel to make official visibility observa­ having had under consideration the bill quently been placed under the Civil Aero­ tions under conditions of variable visibility nautics Administration. for transmission to pilots of aircraft ap­ H. R. 3311, had come to no resolution With an ever-increasing utilization of air­ proaching the airport for landings is only thereon. way and airport facilities, and the installa­ authorized for tower operators employed by EXTENSION OF REMARKS tion of improved navigational aids at air­ the CAA. This service 1s of great Impor­ ports, designed to permit speedier and more tance in that the pilot receives instantly any Mr. KEFAUVER asked and was given reliable instrument approaches, it seems visibility information that may affect the permission to extend his own remarks in more important than ever that everything be safety of his approach procedure. the Appendix of the RECORD. 5310 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 Mr. SHORT asked and was given per­ SECURITY PROBLEMS IN THE ATOMIC apart from ideological considerations, the AGE United States . and the Soviet Union are mission to extend his remarks in the doomed to be the two central contestants, Appendix of the RECORD and include two Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, with because in the search for national security editorials. , the recent passage of the Greek-Turk­ each is the only r-eal threat to tlle other. Mr. HERTER asked and was given ish loan, the United States is embarked Before we are finally and irrevocably com­ permission to extend his remarks in the on a far-reaching and radically different mitted to this meaningless struggle there is Appendix of the RECORD and include an foreign policy. still time to consider the consequences. We article. Many of the people who are fairly well­ cannot insure our ability to strike back after Mr. WEICHEL asked and was given the holocaust of a modern assault merely by informed about the atomic-energy de­ building more atomic bombs, biological wea­ permission to extend his remarks in the velopment, look with great concern. on pons, bombers, and rockets than our possible Appendix on two subjects and to include the steadily deteriorating relations with opponent. That nation which is able to pro­ two resolutions. Russia. Many of us who are neither pro­ tect from atomic bombing vital sections ot Mr. BAKEWELL asked and was given Russian nor pro-isolationist reserve the its industry and population by subterranean permission to revise and extend his re­ right to be pro-American in the best dispersal will enjoy a decisive advantage in marks he made in the Committee of the sense of the term-- without becoming anti­ any future war. If we seek protection in our Whole this afternoon and to include ability to retaliate, we have no time whatever humanitarian. to lose in building secret and self-sufficient therein a .letter and ·a telegram. It is because of my deep interest in underground production centers. Our pres­ Mr. KING (at the request of Mr. MIL­ conveying to the people of my district ent. concentration of men ahd machines. in LER of California) asked and was given and the Nation some very pertinent a few congested cities makes us the most permission to extend his remarks in the thinking on the implications of the vulnerable target in the world. There is also Appendix of the RECORD and include a atomic-energy discovery-that I have need for a large professional standing army speech. asked for this time to read into the REc­ equipped with the most effective modern Mr. DURHAM asked and was given weapons, widely dispersed, and kept in in­ ORD a startling, brilliant, and challenging stant readiness to launch the counter­ permission to extend his remarks in the address which was recently given by one offensive. As far as possible our urban popu­ Appendix of the RECORD and include an of our brilliant young scientists, Mr. Cord lation must be protected by underground editorial. Meyer, Jr. shelters. The concentration of the entire Mr. BELL asked and was given permis­ Mr. Meyer, in the latter part of his directing personnel of the Government in sion to extend his remarks in the .AP­ address makes an analysis of the Baruch Washington can no longer be tolerated. pendix of the RECORD and inc1ude an ad­ plan and makes certain conclusions with This is the minimum price of modern pre­ paredness. It can only be paid by profound dress given by the Vice President of the which I am not wholly in accord. How­ Philippines at the Press Club on yester­ changes in our political and economic system. ever, his arguments are strong and The 1;1ecessary dispersion · of industry can day. worthy of serious consideration. I con­ only be accomplished by autocratic planning HOUR OF MEETING TOMORROW fess that I am not able to completely and Government edict. Labor will have to refute them with the knowledge I now be conscripted to work in the underground Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask factories. As the stock piles of weapons grow unanimous consent that when the House have. With his suggestion that we ap­ proach control of the atom by strength­ our living standards will decline. Antisaqo­ adjourns today it adjourn to meet at 11 tage and antiespionage precautions will re­ ening the United Nations in the direction o'clock tomorrow. strict and finally eliminate our civil liberties. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of world government on the security In foreign policy, the search for allies will the request of the gentleman from In­ plane, I am in complete accord. lead us into backing any regime, no matter Mr. Meyer's address follows: how corrupt and tyrannical, so long as it diana? opposes Russia. In attempting to defend the There was no objection. I hardly need to remind you here who are close to events in the National Capital of the independence . of our country by military PROGRAM FOR THE BALANCE OF THE crisis in foreign relations which our· Gov­ power in this new age, we will have to give WEEK ernment now faces. It is impossible to ex­ up all that has made it .worth defending in the past. When the last measure of pre­ Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask aggerate the fatal significance of the deci­ sionS' that America cannot ·avoid making in paredness has been completed and the state unanimous consent to proceed for 1 the immediate future. Whether our fate is has become one vast m1litary machine poised minute. for instantaneous retaliation, we will be a to be peace or an atomic-biological war ls driven and degraded people and life for the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the issue. I do not overstate the case when the request of the gentleman from In­ individual will be a drawn-out agony of I say that the lives of more t:Can one-third oppression and suspense. diana? of humanity and the survival of what we Will these sacrifices accomplish their pur­ There was no objection. have chosen to call civilization are at stake. pose? Can war be prevented by fear of our Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker; we will Let me describe briefly the three basic al­ armed power? l do not believe so. As the meet at 11 o'clock tomorrow and take up ternatL·e before us. nations accumulate the weapons with which first the conference report on the Greek­ The first alternative is to attempt to in­ they can annihilate each other's cities sus­ Turkish aid bill. sure our national security by remaining the picions will grow monstrous. Already as strongest military power in the world. Al­ the struggle for power increases between the We will then continue the considera­ though there is no effective defense against tion of the State, Commerce, Justice bill, United States and Russia each Government an atomic attack once it is launched, we . protests that its own preparations are purely which I trust can be disposed of expedi­ can try to prevent a would-be aggressor defensive, but each suspects that the other tiously. from ever beginning such an attack by the plots aggression. Now that the only de­ The bill from the Committee on Bank­ obvious size and efficiency of our prepara­ fense is a counter offensive, there is no longer ing and Currency will then be considered tions for a counteroffensive. By building up any way of distinguishing between defensive and if it is disposed of, and barring some our capacity to retaliate even though our and aggressive preparations, until the last unforeseen development, we expect to cities lie in ruins and half our people are moment when the attack is launched. killed, we can hope to instill such fear into adjourn over from tomorrow afternoon Sooner or later fear will provoke war, and other governments that they will never dare one nation or the other will strike first in until Monday. to risk war with us. This is the policy of order to deny the advantage of the initiative LEAVE OF ABSENC~ peace through intimidation into which our to its opponent. Peace cannot be built on Government is rapidly drifting. mutual terror. In the war that will 1n­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask If we adopt this alternative, other na- · evitably result from competing programs of unanimous consent to be excused for tions have no choice but to do likewise. preparedness industrial society will be to­ tomorrow on account of personal and When superior military power is the sole tally destroyed. important reasons. guaranty of national security, each govern­ The second alternative is the preventive The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ment is forced to compete for that superi­ war. The difficulties and dangers of a pro­ the request of the gentleman from Michi­ ority. Every increase in our armed strength longed competition for military supremacy gan? will provoke a corresponding increase in the with Russia have led some to the conclu­ power of others. A mounting competition sion that we should attack now while we There was no objection. for arms, allies, strategic bases, and raw ma­ have the atomic bomb and they don't. Life The SPEAKER. Under the previous terials is the inevitable result. Our only magazine has recently condensed for mass order of the House, the gentleman from possible competitor in this strugglP. is the consumption James Burnham's vision of an California [Mr. HoLIFIELD] is recognized Soviet Union, which alone has the poten­ American empire established and maintained for 30 minutes. tial strength to challenge our lead. Quite by nuclear fission. There are demands iri 194!7 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5311 the Congress for an immediate show-down collective action. In other words, if and equalizing the factors that condition the with Russia. Because the body of opinion when the Baruch plan is put into effect, the speed with which the various nations can that believes in the preventive war is grow­ danger of sudden and surprise attack with convert to bomb production. The high level ing with remarkable speed the argument is atom bombs wm be eliminated, since nona­ of industrialization, the technological skill, worth refuting. Morally, preventive war is tion will have them. Any attempt to make and the , special experience of the United a nice name for aggression. The unsub­ bombs is to be discovered by an interna­ States wth atomic energy combine to place stantial suspicion that our victim planned tional intell1gence service, and all govern­ this country for a long time at a distinct ad­ to attack at some future date could not ments can then seize the atomic plants in vantage in any sudden attempt to construct mitigate our guilt. Preventive war is the their respective territories and join 1n the race bombs. The Soviet Union might well hesitate act for which we hung the Nazi leaders at to make the first bombs for the resulting to agree to a plan which upon the first vio­ N1irenburg. Practically, the ureventive war atomic war. All weapons except atomic ex­ lation would commit it to an atomic arma­ is not as easy as it has been made to appear plosives are to remain uncontrolled and ment race which it would have little hope of by its supporters. It would not end with each nation is to retain its army, navy, and winning agai:rfst the technological superiority the atomization of Moscow and Leningrad. air force. How practical is this plan and of the United States. Russia may prefer to The Red Army would march into western what chance is there of its general accept­ continue unrestricted and secret competi­ Europe, the Middle East, and China. They ance? tion for atomic weapons in the belief that would have many allies, as our attack would It has been claimed that by eliminating an inferior supply of bombs is more protec­ alienate even our own friends. The result­ the veto the Baruch plan would insure ef­ tion than no bombs at all, if a potential ing land campaign would be long and in­ fective enforcement action against a gov­ enemy can construct them with greater speed credibly costly. Englan~ and Europe would ernment violating the atomic agreement. I than its own industrial efficiency permits. be ruined beyond repair. If the Russians do cannot agree. Here in new guise 1s the old Even if accepted, the Baruch plan would only not yet have atomic bombs it is quite prob­ fallacy that separate armed nations can find replace competition for bombs by an intense able that they are already armed with the security by formally undertaking to use their rivalry between the nations for the person­ means of biological warfare. Should we at­ respective armies jointly against any one of nel and methods with which to produce tack them they would be justified in strik­ their number that commits aggression. It is bombs in the shortest possible time. Peace ing back with incurable epidemics that might an attempt to revive the impractical prin­ based on a balance of power has proved to eliminate whole sections of our population. ciples of the League of Nations and to graft be a brief truce between wars. Peace based Eventually we might be able to win a shadow them on to a veto-ridden United Nations. A on a nice balance of atomic power is not victory. We would then be forced to estab­ mere change of voting rules in the Securit-y likely to be any more stable or enduring, lish an iron tyranny over the entire earth Council can have no effect on the actions of whether that power exists as bombs ready in order to prevent the defeated from con­ the United States and Russia. If either chose for use or as plants capable of conversion structing modern weapons for revenge. Nor to defy the international inspectors and within 3 months to bomb manufacture. can the spread of communism be stopped by seize the plants of the Authority, the result Another serious obstacle to the acceptance killi.ng large numbers of those who believe would be World War III, with the two giants of the plan is the fact that under its pro­ in it. Past attempts to crush militant faiths and their satellites ranged against each other. visions the nations are to remain free to com­ by the sword have been singularly unsuc­ No majority vote in the Security Council pete for every weapon except bombs. With cessful. could disguise that reality or .Provide pro­ proper concern for American security, the Who would fight this preventive war for tection. It is even unlikely that such a vote Senate would be justified in refusing to de­ those who seek to provoke it? I believe that could ever be taken. The seizure of atomic stroy our atomic weapons except in conjunc­ there are many who fought bravely and well plants would be such a clear indication of tion with the demobilization of the Red Army in the last war to defend their coJintry who aggressive designs that it would only be at­ and in return for material proof that Russia would prefer jail to the role of aggressors. tempted in coordination with a general as­ was not preparing for other types of special­ Preventive war is a nightmare that we must sault launched with rockets, blockbusters, ized warfare. The Senate leaders have re­ reject. bacteria, and mechanized armies. The vic­ peatedly demanded a fool-proof system of There is a third alternative: It is the policy tims of the attack would be more interested security in return for any surrender of atomic of attempting to find with the Soviet Union in defending themselves than in voting. secrets. The Baruch plan is far from fool­ and the other nations a cooperative solution Changes in the structure of the United Na­ proof. Each nation would retain as many of the security problem. Good-will gestures tions more fundamental than a juggling of millions of soldiers, as many mechanized di­ of unilateral disarmament are futile and voting rules in the SecuritY Council are nec­ visions and biological weapons as it wished. dangerous. But we must offer to join with essary, if the swift, certain, and sure system Against a large nation armed with these others in transforming an impotent United of punishment which Mr. Baruch called for forces, an attempt to punish a violation of Nations into a reliable system of international is ~o be achieved. the atomic agreement would result 1n a long security while preserving our national armed Under the Baruch plan, veto or no veto, war and indecisive con1llct. By agreeing to the strength until general agreement to the new would result from interference with the in­ Baruch plan, the United States would be system is obtained. Once it Is recognized spection system. The plan recognizes this giving up its one decisive weapon in return that no amount of sacrifice for armaments fact by calling for a strategic balance of for the- privilege of competing for other can delay war for long or protect the country atomic plants among the nations. The num­ weapons where it has no advantage. when war comes, It is clear that we have a ber of plants and the amount of nuclear fuel I hope this analysis of the plan will indi­ right and a duty to demand that the first within the borders of each nation will be an cate why many of us in UWF believe that a objective of the United States Government essential factor in its national security. If more comprehensive and effective scheme is be the establishment of an effective interna­ one nation ·seizes its plants to produce necessary, if there is to be any chance of tional organization for our protection. bombs, the others will be forced to seize acceptance by either the Russians or the What has the United States Government theirs, and the side that has the largest United States Senate. The fatal defect of done to date in order to strengthen the atomic industry will have a considerable ad­ Mr. Baruch's proposal is the false assump­ United Nations and to halt the suicidal arms vantage in the resulting war. Agreement to tion that atomic bombs can be prollibited race that has already begun? It has pro­ a scheme determining the allocation of while aggression in all its other forms re­ posed the Baruch plan, and·many think that atomic industry is a prerequisite to the ac­ mains possible. Security is indivisible and in doing so we have fulfilled our obligation ceptanc~ of the plan and such agreements cannot be realized by attempting to ban one as the first country to develop and use atomic extremely unlikely. particular type of weapon. The first a.lld weapons. The feeling is general that we have For instance, if the Soviet Government be­ only step toward the prevention of atomic done all within our power to assure peace. lieved that the United States and the British warfare is the creation of an international Now, it is argued, the other nations, and Commonwealth would be allied against it in organization powerful enough to prevent all particularly Ru&sia, must accept the Baruch the event of another war, it could hardly war between nations. By specific amend­ plan or, by refusing it, convict themselves of agree to an equal division of atomic facilities ments, the United Nations must be strength­ intent to commit aggression. Whether this among the three. Nor can I imagine either ened to the point where national preparation view is acctirate can only be shown by a the United States or Britain consenting to a for war is not only unnecessary but impossi­ critical analysis of the Baruch plan itself. balance which would give the Russians as ble. The indispensable changes are briefly As you know, the plan calls for an aboli­ large an atomic industry as they owned to­ these: tion of atomic weapons. Inspection and an gether. Similarly, the number of atomic First, the United Nations must be given international monopoly on the potentially plants the United States might allow France the power to administer world laws binding dangerous peacetime uses of atomic energy tor peaceful use \Ould depend entirely upon the individual citizens of each country as are to insure that bombs cannot be secretly the direction of French foreign policy. A their first duty. This constitutional author­ constructed by any government. Only by victory at the polls for the French Commu­ ity must be strictly limited to those matters expropriating the plants of the international nists would swing France into the Russian found essential to the preservation of peace. authority would a nation be able to manufac­ o1·bit. · The United States would then be For example, the United Nations must be able ture bombs, and this seizure would be imme­ compelled to demand a revision of the bal­ to prohibit by binding enactment the manu­ diately evident to the world. All other na­ ance or accept military inferiority when and facture or ownership by any national govern­ tions acting through the Security Council if aggression occurred. ment of the means of organized warfare. It are then to join forces against the violator, Agreement to a distribution scheme is must be able to prohibit the use of force in which would not retain its veto to prevent further complicated by the impossibility of the settlement of international disputes, and 5312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 it must be able to control and regulate the make war inescapable. Soon preparedness hensive observance of the bicentennial of dangerous aspects of atomic development. and propaganda will have swept both gov­ John Paul Jones; without amendment (Rept. Secondly, the United Nations must have ernments past all chance of turning back. No. 380). Ordered to be printed. the power to arrest and try in world courts While there is still time and room for hope, Mr. LECOMPTE: Committee on House Ad­ those who violate the bas!Q security law. We let us present to the people of this country ministration. House Joint Resolution 188. need a procedure through which a Nuremburg the real choice, the destruction of civilized Joint resolution authorizing the erection on trial can be held according to an established society or some measure of world govern­ public grounds in the city of Washington, law before rather than after war bas begun. ment. When they understand that choice, D. C., of a memorial to the dead of the First Thirdly, the United Nations must have the I have confidence in their decision. Men are Infantry Division, United States Forces, power to conduct an international system of sufficiently rational to acquiesce in their own World War II; without amendment (Rept. inspection with free access into every coun­ survival. No. 381). Ordered to be printed. try. It would be the task of the inspectors ADJOURNMENT Mr. LECOMPTE : Committee on House Ad­ to discover any illegal attempt to produce the ministration. House Joint Resolution 190. prohibited armament. . Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I move Joint resolution authorizing the printing Fourthly, the United Nations must have that the House do now adjourn. and binding of a revised edition of Cannon's not only the right to prohibit international The motion was agreed to; accordingly Procedure in the House of Representatives war but the police power to enforce its au­ e on the State of be legislator, prosecutor, judge, and jury. It torical purposes as a part of the San Jacinto the Union. will become an executive cabinet operating battleground; to the Committee on Armed Mr. HOPE: Committee on · Agriculture. to administer the laws every nation has ac­ Services. R. R. 1826. A bill making it a petty offense cepted as essential to the common security. 679. A letter from the Under Secretary of to enter any national-forest land while it This would be world government, if you State, transmitting a draft of a proposed bill is ·closed to the public; without amendment want to use the word. But it would be gov­ provi9,ing for participation by the United (Rept. No. 385). Referred to the House Cal­ ernment only in a very limited area. Each States in the Inter-American Commission of endar. nation would remain free to conduct its do­ Women, and authorizing an appropriation Mr. BATES of Massachusetts: Committee mestic affairs and foreign trade without re­ therefor; to the Committee on Foreign Af­ on Armed Services. H. R. 1341. A bill to striction. The nations in agreeing to these fairs. authorize the Secretary of the Navy to con­ amendments would be giving up only the 680. A letter from the Architect of the struct a postgraduate school at Monterey. right and means of annihilating each other. Capitol, transmitting a report with regard to Calif.; with amendments (Rept. No. 386) . There is but one way in which these the remodeling of the Senate and House Referred to the Committee of the Whole changes can be made realities. As the Na­ caucus rooms and restaurants; to the Com­ House on the State of the Union. tion which first developed, employed and mittee on Public Works. Mrs. SMITH of Maine: Committee on continues to manufacture atomic weapons, 681. A letter from the Comptroller Gen­ Armed· Services. H. R. 3215. A bill to re­ the United States has the responsibility for eral of the United States, transmitting a re­ vise the Medical Department of the Army taking the initiative in proposing the forma­ port on audit of Export-Import Bank of and the Medical Department of the Navy. tion of a strong Unit~d Nations. Our uni­ Washington for the fiscal year ended June 30, and for other purposes; with amendment lateral action in Greece and Turkey has been 1945 (H. Doc. No. 248); to the Committee on (Rept. No. 387) . Referred to the Committee explained on the ground that the United Expenditures in the Executive Departments of the Whole House on the State of the Nations is not yet capable of assuming such and ordered to be printed. Union. a burden. But the United Nations cannot 682. A letter from the Comptroller Gen­ strengthen itself. It is a league of sovereign eral of the United States, transmitting a re­ states. and will remain impotent unless its port on audit of Export-Import Bank of PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS members agree to give it the strength it Washington for the fiscal year ended June 30, Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public needs. Through every available instrument 1946 (H. Doc. No. 249); to the Committee on bills and resolutions were introduced and of public information, the American people Expenditures in the Executive Departments severally referred as follows: must be reached with t he knowledge that and ordered to be printed. they must choose between a suicidal war or By Mr. BENNETT of Michigan: a strong United Nations. An insistent and H. R. 3457. A b11l to extend the benefits of informed public demand must be brought to REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC title II of the Social Security Act to em· bear on the Gevernment here in Washington. BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS ployees of States, political subdivisions there­ But what of Russia? There are many who of, and instrumentalities of States or po­ Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of litical subdivisions, and to self-employed claim that the Soviet regime would reject committees were delivered to the Clerk any radical amendment of the United Na­ individuals; to the Committee on Ways and tions and that the offer is not worth mak­ for printing and reference to the proper Means. ing. I am not so pessimistic. They have calendar, as follows: H. R. 3458. A bill to reduce the retirement as much to lose as we do in a mutually Mr. DONDERO: Committee on Public age and to increase benefits under the o!d­ devastating war. Faced with a choice be­ Works. H. R. 310. A bill to authorize the age and survivors insurance system; to the tween a desperate arms race ending in war Secretary of War to permit the delivery of Committee on Ways and Means. and ~n effective system of security protect-· water from the District of Columbia and Ar­ By ,Mr. CELLER: ing them and us alike, the Kremlin leaders lington County water systems to the Falls H. R. 3459. A bill to amend title II of the may. well choose security. At least, until the Church or other water systems in the metro­ Social Security Act to provide disability in­ Russians are given a fair opportunity to make politan area of the District of Columbia in surance benefits and to reduc& the age re­ the choice, we cannot tell whether the pur­ Virginia; without amendment (Rept. No. quirement for old-age and survivors insur­ pose of their present policy is aggression or 378). Referred to the Committee of the ance benefits from 65 to 60 in the case of men defense. An American offer to erect an en­ Whole House on the State of the Union. and from 65 to 55 in the case of women; to forceable world law would be the only real Mr. DONDERO: Committee on Public the Committee on Ways and Means. test of Russian intentions. If they turned Works. House Joint Resolution 193. Joint H. R. 3460. A bill to extend the benefits of that down, we would be justified in assum­ resolution to grant authority for the erec­ title II of the Social Security Act to em­ ing the worst. But let me repeat that I be­ tion of a permanent building for the Ameri­ ployees of certain nonprofit organizations. lieve there is a good chance that they would can National Red Cross, District of Colum­ and for other purposes; to the Committee accep,t. bia Chapter, Washington, D. C.; with on Ways and Means. I recognize t~at the changes necessary in amendments (Rept. No. 379). Referred to By Mr. HOFFMAN (by request): traditional institutions are great and the the Committee of the Whole House on the H. R. 3461., A bill to establish a procedure time short. A shooting war may not be State of the Union. for fac111tating the payment of certain Gov­ imminent but we are rapidly approaching Mr. LECOMPTE: Committee on House Ad­ ernment checks, and for other purposes; to a critical point when in preparation for con­ ministration. House Joint Resolution 144. the Committee on Expenditures in the flict policies will have been adop~d that Joint resolution providing for the compre- Executive Dep!l-rtments. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5313 By Mr. LANE : By Mr. GEARHART: and Thou wilt surely hear us when we H. R. 3462. A bill to incorporate the· Jewish H. R. 3475. A bill for the relief of Milo call and answer us when we pray. War Veterans of the United States of Amer­ Jurisevic, Mrs. Jelena Jurisevtc, Svetozar ica; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Jurisevic, and Radmila Jurisevic; to the Com- "Made in His image" is the blessed By Mr. HAND: mittee on the Judiciary. . word in the front door of the immortal H. R. 3463. A b111 to authorize the construc­ By Mr. GWINN of New York: Book. 0 direct us that we may never tion of a chapel at the Coast Guard Academy, H. R. 3476. A bill for the relief of James J . violate our sacred inheritance. Give us and to authorize the acceptance of private O'Loughlin; to the Committee on the Judi­ to understand that rich character is the contributions to assist in def_raying the cost ciary. offspring of unbiased meditation in­ of co : ~struction thereof; to the Committee on By Mr. LYNCH: spired by honest purpose. Grant that Merchant Marine and Fisheries. H. R. 3477. A bill for the relief of Mattia all decisions of this august body may be H. R. 3464. A bill to provide for the mobi­ Racine; to the Committee on the Judiciary. lization of the scientific resources and knowl­ By Mr. SHEPPARD: couched in wisdom; 0 keep us this day edge of the United States for the purpose of H. R. 3478. A bill for the relief of the Cali­ without sin and abide with all in the seeking the causes and cure of cancer, heart fornia-Pacific Utilities Co.; t o the Committee measure of a great peace. disease, infantile paralysis, and other dis­ on the Judiciary. In our dear Redeemer's name. Amen. eases of mankind; to the Committee on In­ THE JOURNAJJ terstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. HILL: PETITIONS, FTC. On request of Mr. WHITE, and by H. R. 3465. A bill to amend the Federal Crop Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions unanimous consent, the reading of the Insurance Act; to the Committee on Agri­ and papers were laid on the.Clerk's desk Journal of the proceedings of Wednes­ culture. and referred as follows: day, May 14, 1947, was dispensed with, By Mr. McMILLAN of South Carolina: and the Journal was approved. H. R. 3466. A bill to clarify and amend sec­ 511. By Mr. KING: Petiti~n signed by 64 ~ion 2 of the act of Congress of February 11, residents of Inglewood, Calif., urging the MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT-AP- 1929, with respect to the granting Of relief ·passage of S. 265, which would prohibit the PROVAL OF BILL AND JOINT RESOLU­ by the Commissioners of the District of Co­ transportation of alcoholic-beverage adver­ TION lumbia in cases in which. certain special as­ tising ·in interstate commerce and the broad­ sessments have been paid and later held to casting of alcoholic-beverage advertising Messages in writing from the Presi­ be void or erronec.us; to the Committee on over the radio; to the Cbmmittee on Inter­ dent of the United States were commu­ the District of Columbia. state and Foreign Commerce. nicated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one By Mr. SHEPPARD: 512. By Mr. KUNKEL: Petition relative to of his secretaries, and he announced that H. R. 3467: A blll for the relief of the city the Capper bill, S. 265, which penalizes in­ on today, May 15,1947, the President bad of Needles, Calif.; to the Committee on the terstate transmission, by mail or otherwise, approved and signed the following act Judiciary. of newspapers, periodicals, news reels, pho­ By Mr. SIKES: tographic films, or records advertising alco­ and joint resolution: H. R. 3468. A bill to amend the Armed holic beverages or soliciting orders there~ S. 874. An act to authorize the President Forces Leave Act of 1946 so as to grant cer­ for, advertising by radio being also prohib­ to appoint Lt. Comdr. Paul A. Smith as tain personnel equitable treatment in the ited, as well as the <> ending of circulars, let­ Alternate Representative of the United States matter of leave; to the Committee on Armed ters, and so forth, into States which bar liq­ to the Interim Council of the Provisional Services. uor advertisements; to the Committee on International Civil Aviation Organization or By Mr. COLE of New York: Interstate and Foreign Commerce. its successor, and as representative of the H. R. 3469. A bill to promote the national 513. By Mr. LECOMPTE: Petition of Mrs. United States to the Air Navigation Commit­ security by providing for the coordination of Daisy McConnell and other members of the tee of the Provisional International Civil all elements of national security, and for the Aviation Organization, without affecting his Methodist Church of Chariton, Iowa, in the status and perquisites as an officer of the reorganization of the military structure of interest of S . .265, S. 623, H. R. 142, and H. R. the Nation to conform to the ;equirements Coast and Geodetic Survey; and 2408; to the Committee on Armed Services. S. J . Res. 86. Joint resolution to authorize of modern warfare; to the Committee on 514. By Mr. MICHENER: Petition for­ Expenditures in the Executive Departments. Herschel V. Johnson, Deputy Representative warded by Mrs. A. J. Abling, route 3, BUss­ of the United States to the Security Council By Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL: field, Mich., and signed by 14 other residents H. R. 3470. A bill to provide for pilgrim­ of the United Nations, to be reappointed to of the community, urging favorable action the Foreign Service. ages of gold-star mothers, sisters, and wives on the Capper bill, S. 265, to prohibit the to the graves of their sons, brothers, and hus­ transportation in interstate commerce of ad­ MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE bands who died in the service of the armed vertisements of alcoholic beverages; to the A message from the House of Repre­ forces of the United States during World Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ War II and who are buried in foreign lands; senatives, by Mr. Swanson, one of its merce. reading clerks, announced that the to the Committee on Armed Services. 515. By Mr. MILLER of Maryland: Petition By· Mr. SHAFER: of residents of Snow Hill, Md., urging pas­ House had agreed to the report of the H. R. 3471. A b111 to authorize leases of sage of B. 265, a b111 to prohibit transporta­ committee of conference on the-- dis­ real or persona~ property by the War a.nd tion of alcoholic-beverage advertising and agreeing votes of the two Houses on the Navy Departments, and for other purposes; amendment of the House to the bill to the Committee on Armed Services. broadcasting alcoholic-beverage advertising By Mr. PETERSON: over the radio; to the Committee on Inter­ (S. 938) to provide for assistance to H. R. 3472. A blll to provide disability ben­ state and Foreign Commerce. Greece and Turkey. efits for persons who performed uncompen­ 516. By Mrs. NORTON: Petition of Lt. The message also announced that the sated services in the administration of the Robert P. Grover Post, No. 377, Jewish War House had passed the following joint Selective Training and Service System and Veterans of the United States, Jersey City, resolutions, in which it requested the the emergency price control and rationing N. J., opposing the enactment of H. R. 318, concurrence of the Senate: program; to the Committee on the Judiciary. a bill to require certain persons within the By Mr. LEONARD W. HALL: United States to carry identificat10n cards H. J. Res. 170. Joint resolution authorizing H. R. 3473. A bill to provide for nonrecog­ and be fingerprinted, and for other pur­ the erection in the District of Columbia of nition of gain or loss in the case of anticipa­ poses; to the Committee on the Judiciary. a memorial to Andrew W. Mellon; H. J. Res. 188. Joint resolution authorizing tory replacement of property condemned for the erection on public grounds in the city of public use; to the Committee on Ways and Washington, D. C., of a memorial to the dead Means. of the First Infantry Division, United States By Mr. HUGH D. SCOTT, JR.: SENATE Forces, World War II; and H. R. 3474. A b111 to amend the Bankruptcy H. J. Res. 190. Joint resolution authoriz­ Act. to permit compensation or reimburse­ .THURSDAY, MAY lp, 1947 ing the printing and binding of a revised ment in certain cases to persons acting tn a edition of Cannon's Procedure in the House representati-ve or fiduciary capacity; to the of Representatives and providing that the Committee on the Judiciary.