5274 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 14 Mr. WHITE. May I say just a word TO BE CONSULS GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES William P. Cochran, Herve J. L'Heureux before :.: make the motion? . OF AMERICA Jr. John H. Madonne · Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the Edwin A. Plitt Robert D. Coe Sheldon T. Mills Charles H. Derry Gerald A. Drew Harold B. Minor Senator yield? Everett F. Drumright James K. Penfield Mr. WHITE. I ask th'- Senator not to TO BE CONSULS OF THE UNITED STATES OF Elbridge Durbrow Guy W. Ray make a point of order. AMERICA Walton C. Ferris Edward J. Sparks Mr. LUCAS. I am not going to make Richard D. Gatewood John Fremont Melby Raymond A. 'Hare Llewellyn E. Thomp- a point of order. I merely wish to say Douglas Jenkins, Jr. Bolard More Cloyce K. Huston son, Jr. that I am glad that the Senator from John D. Jernegan Miss Katherine E. Gerald Keith Edward T. Wailes J. Jefferson Jones 3d O'Connor John B. Ketcham Thomas C. Wasson Maine is getting over on this side of the Charles R. Burrows J . Graham Parsons Charies F. Knox, Jr. James • Wright aisle. [Laughter.] William F. Busser Halleck L. Rose Foy D. Kohler The PRESIDING· OFFICER. Let the Robert P. Chalker Fred K. Salter TO· BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CL-6SS 4 RECORD show that the Senator from Glton Curtis, Jr. William P. Snow Maine has returned to the other side of Philip M. Davenport David A. Thomasson Charles W. Adair, Jr. J. Jefferson Jones 3d the aisle. Miss Constance R. H. Gardner Ainsworth M. Gord.on Knox Harvey John H. Burns William L. Krieg Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, I wish to Donald B. Calder Sidney K. Lafoon say to Senators that the kindly things TO BE A FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS 3, V. Lansing Collins, Jr.Donald W. Lamm they have said about me personally, and CONSUL, AND A SECRETARY IN THE DIPLOMATIC Leonard J. Cromie Robert H. McBride which have distinguished their attitude SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Richard H. Davis David H. McKillop during the entire time I have beer .here, Albert E. Clattenburg-, Jr. Irven M. Eitreim John M. McSweeney Robert S. Folsom Albert E. Pappano amply repay me and atone for any mo TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 3 Edward L. Nreers Milton C. Rewinkel ments of embarrassment I have suffered William K. Ailshie Douglas MacArthur 2d Paul E. Geier Stuart W. Rockwell this afternoon: E. Tomlin .Bailey Elbert G. Mathews Lewis E. Gleeck, Jr. William Langdon Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I do not Ralph J. Blake Gordon H. Mattison Richard E. Gnade Sands wish to let. this occasion pass without Carl H. Boehringer Brewster H. Morris Caspar D. Green Bromley K. Smith making a brief observation. I have not Niles W. Bond Robert Newbegin Franklin Hawley Henry T. Smith Charles R. Burrows J. Graham Parsons Martin J. Hillenbrand John W. Tuthill joined in the general compliments to the Richard W. Byrd Marselis C. Parsons, Senator from Maine, and have ·not said John P. Hoover J. Kittredge Vinson John Willard Carrigan Jr. John Evarts Horner William W. Walker a word. However, I wish to add that Norris B. Chfpman G. Frederick Reinhardt Richard A. Johnson Fraser Wilkins· everything that has been said about his Walter C. Dowling Arthur L. Richards fine spirit of leadership and his spirit John K. Emmerson Livingston Batter- TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 5· as a Senator and gentleman meets with Andrew B. Foster thwaite Alvin M. Bentley Charles E. Hulick, Jr. my full and complete accord. I wish I Norris S. Haselton George F. Scherer Donald C. Bergus Armistead M. Lee L. Randolph Higgs Donald W. Smith W. Wendell Blancke George T. I.ister could add something that would really Outerbridge.Horsey William P. Snow Thomas D. Bowie Rupert A. Lloyd give the Senator the praise to which he John p. Jernegan Philip D. Sprouse Howard Brandon Albert K. Lutiy,, Jr. is fairly and justly entitled. U. Alexis Johnson Carl W. Strom Herbert D. Brewster LaRue R. Lutkins Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, I repeat George . Lewis Jones, Clare H. Timberlake William C. Burdett, Jr. James G. McCargar with added emphasis all I said a moment Jr. Ivan B. White George Carnahan Cleveland B. McKnight ago in expression .of my gratitude and E. Allan Lightner, Jr.Evan M. Wilson David P. Cotnn James L. O'Sullivan appreciation for the kindly things Sen TO BE A FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICER OF CLASS 3, A A. John .Cope, Jr. Henry L. Pitts, jr, ators have always said and the courtesies CONSUL, AND A SECRETARY IN THE DIPLOMATIC Robert F. Corrigan Randolph Roberts SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Forrest N. Daggett Ralph A. Schweitzer which they have always shown me. Robert J. Dorr Cabot Sedgwick RECESS William Bruce Locklir...g· Donald A. Dumont Richard M. Service TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 4, John F. Fitzgerald Robert M. Sheehan The PRESIDING OFFICER.. What is CONSUL, AND I. SECRETARY IN THE DIPLOMATIC William J. Ford Harold Sims the pleasure of the Senate? SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Douglas N. Forman, Jr.J. Ramon Solana Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, if we have Clarence Boonstra Hugh D. Farley David L. Gamon Herbert D. Spivack reached an understanding, I move, as in Willard 0. Brown John C. Payne Michael R. Gannett Norman 0. Stines, Jr. legislative session, that the Senate stand Joseph L. Doughe~ty Edwarcl J. Rowell William C. George Weldon Litsey in recess unti112 o'clock noon tomorrow. Charles C. Gidney, Jr.Richard E. Usher TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 5, Thomas A. Goldman Sheldon B. Vance The motion was agreed to; and (at 6 VICE CONSULS OF CAREER, AND SECRETARIES IN o'clock and 31 minutes p. m.) the Senate Marshall Green Edward L: Waggoner THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE UNITED Joseph N. Greene, Jr. Harvey R. WeHman took a re.cess until tomorrow, Thursday, STATES OF AMERICA- J. Brock Havron George M: Widney May 15, 1947, at 12 o'ciock meridian. Wymberley DeR. Coerr Douglas Henderson William A. Wieland Charles Robert Moore J. William Henry NOMINATIONS H. Andre Weismann .TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 6, VICE Executive nominations received by the TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 6, CONSULS OF CAREER, AND SECRETARIES IN THE Senate May 14 New York, to be Under John A. Armitage Elmer c. Hulen Philip J. Halla Cready Secretary of State, vice Dean G. Acheson, re- Denis A. Baumhover John A. McKesson III Raymond J. Harris John B. McGrath signed. · William B. Cobb, Jr. Paul M. Miller Robert S. Henderson James D. Newton INTERNATIONAL MONET.ARY FUND Richard T. Davies Miss Susannah Mirick Peter Hooper, Jr. Kenedon P. Steins Andrew N. Overby, of New York, to be Lambert John B. Frank Poe, Jr. Warren A. Kelsey United States Executive Director of the In Eichner, Jr. Wells Stabler DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Baird E. Emmons ternational Monetary Fund for a term of 2 William E. Warne to be Assistant Secretary years and until his successor has been ap TO BE FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS OF CLASS 1 of the Interior. pointed, vice Harry D. White; resigned. Paul H. Alling David McK. Key CALIFORNIA DEBRIS CoMMISSION Charles E. Bohlen Edward B. Lawson Col. Samuel N. Karrick to be a member, William W. Butter- Warwick Perkins California Debris Commission. CONFIRMATIONS worth, Jr. Edwin A. Plitt Executive nominations confirmed by John M. Cabot Karl L. Rankin ATTORNEY GENERAL OF PUERTO RICO the Senate May 14 Poland. H. Merrell BenninghoffCavendish W. Cannon vania. · George R. Merrell to be Envoy Extraordi James C. H. Bonbright Vinton Chapin UNITED STATES MARSHAL nary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Ph111p W. Bonsai Warren M. Chase Otto F. Heine to be a United States marshal United States of America to Ethiopia. John H. Bruins Ql~ver Edmund Clubb for the district of Hawaii. 1947 . _ CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE · 5275 the foregoing bill, requests a conference and were buried in foreign lands, to their HOUSE OF, REPRESENTATIVES with the House on the disagreeing votes sons', brothers', and husbands' gra'lfes. of the two Houses thereon, and appoints WEDNESDAY, MAY 14, 1947 Every Gold Star mother, sister, and Mr. TAFT, Mr. BALL, Mr. lVES, Mr. MURRAY, wife of the recent war should be given The House met at 12 o'clock noon. and Mr. ELLENDER to be the conferees on the chance to visit the grave of her loved The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera the part of the Senate. one if it is at all practicable and possible. Montgomery, D. D., offered ,the follow EXTENSION OF REMARKS The practice of bringing home remains ing praye~: Mr. BOGGS of Delaware asked and of veterans who fell in battle is now be ing followed to some extent in accord 0 King Eternal, as we come to our was given permission to extend his re marks in the Appendix of the RECORD ance with the wishes of the individual duties, take our thoughts, our motives, family. But most people seem to prefer and our labors, that we may continue and include an editorial from a Wilming ton, Del., newspaper. that graves of the fallen be left un them with Thy blessed approval. At opened. Many would rather the son-ow times we desire to do that which is be Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin asked and was given permission to extend his re brought on by death be locked within yond our strength; be gracious to accept the mound of earth on that far-off shore the wish when we fail to do the deed. marks in the Appendix of the RECORD and - include an editorial. - instead of renewing its pangs by the re Let us feel Thy great mercy stirring the turn of mortal clay. depths of our souls in closer dedication Mr. BENNETT of Michigan asked and was given permission to extend his re It Is logical and natural that those to our God and our country. nearest and dearest to the deceased Do Thou endow us plenteously with marks in the Appendix of the RECORD. Mr. BROWN of Ohio asked and was should want to make a pilgrimage to the those gifts which enlighten the mind, place, however remote, yet hallowed, that we may realize that the world has given permission to extend his remarks in the Appendix of the REco~D and in where he fell fighting for his flag and no lasting honors for those who seek only his country. self, while those who interpret their sur clude a signed e-..~torial appearing in the Chicago Daily News by John S. Knight After the First World War, several plus as another's need will awake to find thousand Gold Star Mothers visited their themselves immortal. Dear Lord, hu on the subject Curb on Reckless Spending Requires Public Support. sons' graves in France at Uncle Sam's man hearts are failing, but in Thy sight expense. They set the precedent which no life is comma~ or worthless; so bless SPE9IAL ORDERS 9-RANTED ought to be observed at the present. I us with the inspiration of hope and with Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. hope Congress will not hesitate in pro a sense of dignity, that we may be Teal Speaker, I have a special order for Mon viding funds ahd the authority with and abiding contributions to the moral day next, but that being the day· set aside which to make similar pilgrimages pos and spiritual forces of our land. for memorial services ' I ask unanimous sible in the near future. Through Chris~ our Sa.vio¥r. Amen. consent that I may have this same spe-. I feel sure that aU veterans' organiza The Journal of .the proceedings of yes cial order on Wednesday. tions in America, along with their auxil terday was r~ad and approved.· The SPEAKER. Is there objection to iaries, will be strongly in favor of the plan MESSAGE FRQM THE PRESIDENT the request of the gentleman from Wis as outlined in my· bil1. The Gold Star consin? mothers, sisters,· and wives ought to be A message in writing from the Presi There was no objection. considered and included -in ahy mass dent of the United-States was communi... Mr. J AVITS. Mr. Speaker; I ask pilgrimage which finally takes -place. cated to the House' by Mr. Miller, one of unanimous consent that- on tomorrow. · How soon action is to be forthcoming his secretaries, who also infoi.·med the after disposition of · matters on the in 'this. -regard will depend upon the sin House that o~ the following· ~a;,te$ ; the Speaker's desk and at the conclusion of cerity of all who give lip service to the President approved and signed bills of any special orders heretofore entered, I relatives of these _dead heroes. Let us, the House of the_following titles: may be permitted to address the House then, arouse ourselves te our duty. The on April 16, 1947: for 15 minutes. · Hall bill provides for these pilgrimages H. R. 1943. An act to establish a permanent The SPEAKER.· Is there objection to of Gold Star mothers and sisters and Nurse Corps of the Army and 'the-Navy alld the request· of the gentleman from New wives to the graves of their closest ones, to establish a Women's ,Medical Specialist ~~? . who died in service during World Warn, Corps in the Army. There was no objection. and are now buried in foreign lands. On April 25, 1947: H. R. 731. An act to establish the Theodore PILGRIMAGE FOR GOLD STAR MOTHERS, There should be no delay in our making Roose~elt National Mernorial Park; to erect SISTER'S, AND WIVES OF . DECEASED such a measure the law of the land. a monument in memory of Theodore Roose SERVICEMEN LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS ACT, velt in the village of Medora,_N.Dak., and for 1947 other purposes. · · Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. On April 29, 1947: Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad Mr. HARTLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask H. R. 2404. An act to suspend certain im dress the House for 1 minute. unanimous consent to take from the port taxes on copper. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Speaker's desk ·the bill January 1945 the paramount public interest in labor that the Senate had passed, with amend and which I am once again proposing to disputes affecting commerce that en ments in which· the concurrence of the Cong1·ess. · danger the pubJic health, safety, or wel House is requested, a bill of the House of The Hall measure reads as follows: fare, and for other purposes, with Sen the following title: A blll to provide for pilgrimages of Gold ate amendment thereto, disagree to the Star mbthers, sisters, and wives to the H. R. 3020. An act to prescr~be fair and Senate amendment and agree to the con equitable rules of conduct to be observed by graves of their sons.__brothers, and hus ference asked by the Senate. labor and management in their relations with bands who died in the service of the armed The Clerk read the title of. the bill. one another which affect commerce; to pro forces of the United' States during World War n and wha are buried in foreign The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tect the rights of individual workers in their lands the request of the gentleman from New relations with labor organizations whose Jersey? [After a pause.] The Chair activities affect commerce, to recognize the Be it enacted, etc., That there are author paramount public interest in labor disputes ized· to be appropriated such sums as may hears none · and appoints the following affecting commerce that endanger the public be necessary to enable the Admini8trator of conferees: Messrs. HARTLEY, LANDIS, health, safety, or welfare, and tor other Veterans' Affairs, under such regulations as HOFFMAN, . LESINSKI, and BARDEN. purposes. he may prescribe, to provide for, as soon as possible, and to pay the necessary expenses FOREIGN RELIEF The message also announced that the of, pilgrimagef! of mothers, sisters, ai).d wives Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Senate insists upon its amendments to of servicemen who died during World War II unanimous consent to address the House I
5276 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 for 1 minute and to revise and extend from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFE] and the dis-. RECORD and include a report of Policy my remarks. tinguished gentleman from Montana Committee to members of the Rochester The SPEAKER. Is there objection to [Mr. MANSFIELD]. The distinguished United Nations. Association. the request of the gentleman from gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. TIB CONDlTIONS AT IWO JIMA Michigan? BOTT] will sing two selections during the Mr. BUCK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan There was no objection. services. The music will be furnished by the United States Marine Corps or imous consent to address the House for Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Speaker, the fact 1 minute anq to revise and extend my re that under House Joint Resolution 134, chestra. AID TO KOREA marks. the so-called foreign relief bill, the The SPEAKER. . Is there objection to United States undertakes relief to Italy Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani the request of the gentleman from New aml Hungary, while under the proposed mous consent to address the House for York? ' peace treaties Italy is to pay Russia $100,- 1 minute and to revise ant ext.end my There was no objection. 000,000 in war reparations, and Hungary remarks. Mr. BUCK. Mr. Speaker, this morning is to pay Russia $200,000,000 for the same The SPEAKER. Is there objection to I ,received a letter from a young friend of cause, is anomalous and inconsistent to the request of the gentleman from mine currently stationed on Iwo Jima. a great many American people. While Pennsylvania? At this time when committees of the Italy will not ..begin payments, as I under There was no objection. Congress are considering merger of the stand it, until 2 years after the treaty, Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, when I came armed forces, appropriations therefor, Hungary is already charged with that into the Chamber I noticed that one of and huge gifts for the relief of destitu obligation, and it was freely said in the Democratic Members of Congress tion, the following excerpts from this the hearings that Hungary would not was reading this newspaper carrying the young man's letter seem to me to be par need relief if she did n'ot have to pay caption "Truman asks $200,000,000 for ticularly pertinent: reparations. Korea" in big headlines. Now, you L The Air Force is in very bad shape, both It seems to me that this difficulty could know that Mr. Truman asked for $300,- as regards equipment and maintenance. be obviated if President Truman, in 000,000 for Greece; Mr. Truman asked Also, it makes a very poor job of running, exercise of the powers vested in him for $100,000,000 for Turkey, and he is or trying to run, ,as a separate unit. It has by the Lend Lease Act, negotiate with asking for millions and millions for vari neither the quantity or quality of personnel Russia for an assignment of these war ous countries of the world. This admin to do two jobs--the work of the air corps damage claims against Hungary and istration is at home asking Congress to and the ground forces. It has to call on Italy, for which we in return would give appropriate the great, large gifts. If other branches such as Engineers, Ordnance, her credit on the :fll,OOO,OOO,OOO she you pick up the statement issued by the Signal Corps, etc. 2. The dependent housing situation is owes us. We could then cancel these Treasury Department you will notice bad. Many officers are leaving the service obligc:~.tions against Italy and Hungary, that on May 9 we were $275,639,000,000, because they cannot bl'ing their families which would do more for European re and many more dollars, in the red. overseas. It has caused a distinct lowering covery and good will than almpst any This administration has always been in of morale even among Regular Army. They other thing we could do. the red. We have been in the nid so were promised housing within 3 months and We could even go further and do the long that since the New Deal came into even after 6 months' duty there is-no pro~ same with the $300,ot0,000 proposed as power we have increased our national pect ·of obtaining it. On a place like this indebtedness over 1,200 percent. Think they could have all the houses they need in war damages to Russia by both Finland 1 month. There are literally hundreds of and Rumania. In fact, there is no of such an increase: Oh, it is terrible. quonsets which require only minor repairs, reason why we could not carry this to Now you are coming in here with appro which could be utilized. other countries faced with payment of priation bills asking the Congress to cut 3. The civilians (excluding the teachers) war reparations to Russia, in each in down our home appropriations-and have not been utilized fully or properly. stance. giving Russia the credit on her rightfully so. We should cut down these Many of them are having a vacation at a indebtedness to us under lend -lease, and appropriations everywhere we possibly high salary, but it is not their fault. They canceling the obligation of the debtor can at home, bUt hOW can YOU CUt dOWJl were sent here as instructors and supervisors of equipmen~. maintenance, etc., but they nations This would, of course, not di- · your own people when you are asked to are not being used for that purpose. One rectly interfere with either House Joint give millions and hundreds of millions Diesel mechanic, who lives with me, has not Resolution 134 or the peace treaties. to every country in the world? It does done 2 hours' work in the .2 months he has Russia could not complain, and there not make· sense. This morning the been here. He wants to work, but there is is no reason why the President should United States News says that Britain is nothing for him to do. . · not undertake negotiations to accom going to ask for another loan for Great 4. There seems to be some animosity be Britain in 1948. Do you fellows not tween Air Forces and Ground Forces, between plish what seems to me is one of the Army and Navy. I hope the merger will biggest steps toward peaceful relations know that you gave Great Britain $4,400,000,000 last year? That is allay some of this feeling. in Europe and world peace. 5. The waste of equipment is shocking. enough. Now they want another loan Lately, it seems, they are beginning to do MEMORIAL SERVICES FOR DECEASED in 1948. So, if you give any more money MEMBERS ·something about it, taking inventory and to those fellows to socialize Great shipping it to China, Korea, etc, but' for Mr. BISHOP. Mr. Speaker, I ask Britain, you are just simply nuts. That months very valuable· material has lain ex unanimous consent to address the House is all it is. We must economize or bust. posed to the elements and "cannibalized" by for 1 minute. We will wreck our country unless we can scroungers. As a taxpayer, it hurts. • • • The SPEAKER. Is there objection to balance our budget. Think vf increas My over: an reaction is that somebody had better "get on the ball" and~ ~ something to the request of the gentleman from ing our debt over 1,200 percent. That is bring the Army to some degree of discipline Illinois? what you have done in 14 years. You and efficiency. There was no objection. were elected to economize-the majority BIPARTISAN FOREIGN POLICY Mr. BISHOP. Mr. Speaker~ as chair of you. Let· us do it. Again, I tell you man of the Subcommittee on Memorials, 10 pennies make a dime and 10 dimes Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, I ask I take this time to advise the Members make a dollar. Let us squeeze the eagle unanimous consent to address the House of the House that all necessary arrange and make him holler. Be wise and econ for 1 minute and to revise and extend ments have been made for the annual omize. my remarks. memorial services to be held next Mon EXTENSION OF REMARKS The SPEAKER. Is there objection to day, May 19. The families of our· de Mr. COLE of Missouri asked and was the request of the gentleman from New ceased Members who passed on during given permission to extend his remarks York? the past year have been invited, and in the RECORD and include an article ap There was objection. many of them, no doubt, will be here. pearing in the American Bar Association Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, the con We should make every effort to be here Journal by John R. Nicholson of the Chi trolling factor motivating the vote of next Monday, just before noon. It is a cago bar entitled "Pensions for Part many on the bill for aid to Greece and mark of respect we owe to our deceased ners: Tax Laws Are Unfair to Lawyers Turkey was the fact that the President colleagues. and Firms." had announced to the world that we The memorial addresses will be deliv Mr. KEATING asked and was given would come to the aid of these countries ered by the distinguished gentleman permission to extend his remarks in the in the struggle which they faced to pre- 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5277 vent being submerged by outside pres the mayor of Chicago and also a tele ished, Chicago's Douglas Airport cannot pro sures. It was felt that to defeat this gram from the city council of Chicago. ceed, although it is of vital importance to the continuation of interstate and inter measure would be a repudiation, not of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to national traffic and to military operations in the President, but of our own position of the request of the gentleman from Illi- case of national emergency. . world leadership, and that such action nois? · . MARTIN H. KENNELLY, would be construed as an indication that There was no objection. Mayar ot Chicago. we are a divided nation and would fur Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, a few nish an invitation to further aggressive weeks ago in the city of Chicago we were Mr. Speaker, I subscribe to Mayor and expansionist tactics. fortunate in electing as mayor one_of our Kennelly's request for the appropriation I, for one, and I know I speak for many foremost citizens, a splendid, efficient of these funds and in the carrying out of like mind on this side of the aisle, and experienced businessman, and an of the program initiated under the Fed strongly endorse our pursuit of a bipar economy-minded executive. I refer to eral Airport Act .and appeal to the fair tisan foreign policy. We earnestly de Hon. Martin H. Kennelly who succeeded minded Members of this House to vote sire, in complete good faith, to subordi Mayor Edward J. Kelly under whose 14_ for the amendment of the gentleman nate partisanship completely over this years of splendid and efficient adminis from New York [Mr. RooNEY], to in crucial issue which will determine the tration many improvements and better crease the appropriation for Civil Aero entire future of our country and, per ments were made to our city which time nautics Administration to $70,982,000. haps, our survival as a Nation and a will not permit me to enumerate, yet I I have also received a request from the people. cannot resist in calling attention briefly members of the Common Council of the With the utmost deference and re to the construction during Mayor Kelly's City of Chicago protesting these proposed spect, therefore, I Lall to the President's regime of many new schools, the de cuts and a telegram from the chairman attention the fact that bipartisanship is molishing and rehabilitation of many of the aviation committee, of the Chicago a two-way street. Our policy, to be blighted districts upon which many Association of Commerce and Industry, effective, must be bipartisan in its con splendid housing projects have been which I insert as part of my remarks. It ception, as well as its execution. erected, the building of our subway, the reads as follows: Every effort should be made to call on construction of one of the country's CHI<;:AGO, ILL., May 13, 1947. the legislative team of both political par largest airports, the beautifying and en Han. ADOLPH J. SABATH, ties frequently and sincerely in the for largements of our parks, and the widen Member of Congress, mulation of our foreign policy. It is dis ing and construction of over 100 miles House Office Building, turbing to have loose talk going about by Washington, D. C.: of connecting boulevards. It is gratifY Current attempt in H. R. 3311 to curtail those in high authority regarding ing that he has been succeeded by a man appropriations by eliminating from Civil $5,000,000,000 loans to other foreign of the capacity of Mayor Kennelly who, Aeronautics Administration appropriations countries until such a program has been I know, will set an example to the mayors the Federal operation of airport control tow discussed and approved in substance by of other cities as to how a municipal ers is believed by our aviation committee to at least the leadership of both parties. government can and should be admin be inadvisable as without such Federal con This is a 'warning, issued in the friend trol each city having important airports istered in the interest of its people and might otherwise operate arbitrarily with liest spirit and the most sincere desire taxpayers. Mayor Kennelly was elected great probability of serious confusion to to keep foreign policy on the high level by an overwhelming majority of 274,000 pilots of scheduled airlines and danger to which it -has recently enjoyed. The votes arid this notwithstanding that the traveling public at a time when new era Congress does not wish to be presented Republican National Committee, and the of safety can· be foreseen through operation , with any further fait accompli. If that city, county, and State committees, made of ground contr_ol approach system and in happens again, the comparatively clear the municipal election a national issue. strument landing system which also must be sailing which the Greece-'J:'urkey aid Qill I know that he will have the cooperation under Federal control for obvious reasons. enjoyed may-not be repeated. Respectfully submitted. of all our outstanding businessmen as· ERWIN SEAGO, .EXTENSION OF REMARKS well as laboring men who have displayed, Chairman, Aviation Committee, the and justly so, their ·confidence in him. Mr. ANGELL asked and was given per Chicago Association of Commerce Mayor Kennelly will not -only follow and Industry. mission to extend his remarks in the in the footsteps of such former Demo RECORD and include an editorial from cratic mayors as the old and young Mr. Speaker; -I feel that these tele the New York Times. Carter H. Harrisons, each of whom served grams attest to the vital interest of the Mr. GARY asked and was' given per five terms; Mayor Dunne; Mayor Dever; people of the Chicago area in this subject mission to extend his remarks -in the Mayor Cermak; and Mayor Kelly, in all legislation and it is my belief that be RECORD and include an editorial which of whose administrations the people sides these proposed unfair cuts that appeared in the Richmond May 12, 1947. Hon. ADOLPH J. SABATH, · 1 minute and to revise and extend my was given permission to extend. his re Member of Congress, remarks. marks in the RECORD and include two Washingtc n, D. C.: The SPEAKER. Is there objection to newspaper articles. Reference to House Appropriations Com the request of the gentleman from Mas Mr. LARCADE asked and was given mittee eliminating all funds for Civil Aero sachusetts? permission to extend his remarks in the nautics Administration operation of traffic There was no objection. RECORD and include a newspaper article. control towers and reduction in the amount of money to be allotted for building new air· Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, in the name OUR AIRPORT PROGRAM MUST BE CAR- ports. Control-tower operations is proper of humanity and national security, we RIED OUT-PROPOSED REDUCTIONS IN function of Government. Such a move would have spent billions of dollars for there APPROPRIATIONS, IF EFFECTED, WILL doubtless create improper control conditions lief of people in other lands while neg RETARD IT throughout the Nation. Reduction of aid in lecting the needs of our own citizens. building airports will defeat entire airport Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I ask program. Amounts now appropriated and We are withholding assistance from unanimous consent to address the House authorized are woefully inadequate to effect the people who helped to build our Na for 1 minute and to revise and extend purpose of Federal Airport Act. Without Gov tion and giving it to strangers who may, my remarks and include a telegram from ernment aid increased rather than dimin- at some future time, be our enemies. 5278 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 Such a contradictory policy is beyond inevitable. We do, not want to see our the President pro tempore of the Senate; understanding. It is hardly calculated veterans, trying to make a delayed start the .Speaker of the House of Representa tives; 6 persons to be designated by the to inspire in our people that faith · in in life, become its first victims. Far bet President of the United States; 3 Members representative government upon which ter to retire the old folks who are still of the Senate to be designated by the Presi our national security primarily depends. working, to make way for the young upon dent pro tempore of the Senate; and 3 Mem Democracy will not survive and de whom the future of our country in the bers of the House of Representatives to be velop on words alone. It must prove uncertain future immediately ahead de designated by the Speaker of the House . . that it can work for the good of all. In pends than to stir up resentment within The members of the Commission shall serve the first quarter of 1947 many business families. without compensation and shall select a. corporations made greater profits than In the case of those oldsters who are chairman from among their number. SEc. 2. The Commission is authorized and in any other quarter of their history, not working, and who will never be hired directed to ·arrange for memorial meetings not excluding the fantastic years of the by industry, the need for reducing the and exercises in the year of 1947 in the 1920's. ' eligible age for assistance to 60 is par city of Washington and other cities and In that same quarter of 1947 prices ticularly urgent. Furthermore., there places in the United States particularly- as rose steadily toward inflationary peaks, should be no enforced contributions from sociated with the memory of, John Paul while the aged, the blind, and dependent children. The law must be amended so Jones, and in universities, s~hools, and col children, who try to exist on fixed pay- that those who apply for old-age or blind leges throughout the United States. . ments that were meager to begin with, assistance will be able to stand on their SEc. 3. (a) The 'Commission may at its discretion accept from any source, public or ~ have seen their few ·dollars buy less and own qualifications. This provision will private, money or other property to be used less. Slowly but surely they are being not prevent children from contributing for the purpose of making surveys and in squeezed toward extinction. to their parents' support if they wish to vestigations, formulating, preparing, and In addition to the billions we have spent do so on moral grounds. Support-your considering plans and estimates for the im abroad for rehef, we have hurried relatives or responsible-relatives clause is provement, construction, or other expenses through leg-islation to provide other bil now invoked in many States, although it incurred, or to be incurred. lions in loans-more properly called is not a Federal requirement. Too often (b) The Commission is authorized, without gifts-to foreign governments. But when· this is used by the States as an excuse to regal'd to the civil-service laws arid the Class our own dispossessed citizens ask for the ification Act of 1923, as amended, to em deny aid to ~ deserving applicant. And. ploy and fix the compensation of such per relief they are met with a stony silence. where the children are forced to con sonnel at it may deem necessary to employ. A little more than a year ago the na tribute, the cost of the collections greatly Such compensation will be made from funds tional average payments to 2,047,446 re exceeds the amount collected. This has obtained in accordance with section 3 (a). cipients of old-age assistance were only caused much misunderstanding and hard. . ( c' To the extent deemed by the Commis $39.60 a month; 70,882 needy blind re-. feelings among families and has broken sion to be necessary in carrying out its func ceived an average of only $33.35 a month. up many homes. To .show .to what ex-. tions, the Commission is authorized to have · Since that time the cost of living has risen· treme such an unworkable law will go, printing, binding, lithographing, and other may I quote the experience of Connecti work done at establishments other than the rapidly. With controls off, there was a Government Printing Office. Compensation· mad scramble for excess profits, and our cut.. In that S.tate, under the respon for such work wm be made from funds ob needy citizens became the first victims. sible-relative clause, it was ~tipulated tained in accordance with section 3 (a). Again there are ominous signs that our that liability rests on a husband or wife, · (d) The Commission is authorized to pro Nation is on the roller-coaster of boom father or mother, grandfather or grand cure advice and assistance from any Govern and-bust, yet with-the terrible experience mother, and children or grandchildren. ment agency, including the services of tech of the 1930's still fresh in our minds, we· They call this social security. . nical and other personnel in the executive are taking no steps to cushion the shock . It is high time that we as a people put departments and independent establish for those who are least able to bear it. ' first things first and develop a social ments, and to procure advice and assistance security system that will give adequate from· and to cooperate with individuals and It should be plain to every mature per agencies, public or private. The Superin son in our country that the tremendous protection to the aged, the blind, and de tendent of Documents shall make available productivity of our economy is meaning pendent children, lest democracy become to the Commission the facilities of ·his of less unless all of- our people have the pur a mockery in our own eyes. ~ce for the. distribution of portraits, pam chasing power to buy the products of ag · The homes of America must be free phlets, and booklets herein authorized. riculture and industry. We cannot sur from want and free from·fear. SEc. 4. That the ·commission shall, at the vive half rich and half poor. Let us not SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED conclusion of its activities, submit to Con forget that the "have and have ::- not" is gress a. comprehensive report of the progress sue which caused, and is causing, so . Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I ask of its work. unanimous consent -:;hat today, at the much trouble for the world can also cause The SPEAKER. Is there objection to us domestic trouble. · conclusion of the legislative program of the day and following any special the request of the gentleman from Iowa? With callous disregard for this emer There was no objection. gency, the House Appropriations Com orders heretofore entered, I may be per mitted to address the House for 30 min The joint resolution was ordered to be mittee has lopped off $77,800,000 from the engrossed and read a third time, was Labor-Federal Security budget. utes. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to read the third time, and passed, and a Hundreds of thousands of persons over the request of the gentleman from Cali motion to reconsider was laid on the 60 years of age, too young to get present table. old-age assistance, must become subjects fornia? of direct relief. I know many of these There was no objection. MEMORIAL TO FIRST INFANTRY DIVI oldsters who have given the best years JOHN PAUL JONES BICENTENNIAL SION, WORLD WAR II of their lives to their country. The hu COMMISSION Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, by di miliations they are forced to undergo add Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, by di rection of the Committee on House Ad insult to injury. J sa:r that we have no rection of the Committee on House Ad ministration, I ask unanimous consent right to help the people of other lands un ministration, I ask unanimous consent for the immediate consideration of the less we are prepared at the same time to for the immediate consideration of the joint resolution Soviet Union is re D' Alesandro Jones, N. C. Rayfiel Davis, Tenn. Kearns Sarbacher through the road of communism. A sponsible for the negative Moscow Con Dawson, Ill. Kefauver Taylor powerful weapon of Hitler in the tech ference results is well known to us, but Dawson, Utah Kelley Thomas, N.J. nique of the war the Nazis had developed there are many countries in which only Dirksen Keogh Thomas. Tex. the Russian distortion of the story of Dondero Kerr Vinson in its first and open stage was propa Doughton Lemke Vorys ganda of all kinds, prominent among the Conference is known. Ellis Lyle Wadsworth which was the radio that brought divi We know that the failure is due to Fellows McDowell West Russia's refusal to cooperate with under Fernandez McGarvey sion among the intended victims through Flannagan Mansfield, Tex. fear and uncertainty, the appeal to all standing. Secretary Marshall, in sub kinds of emotionalism, principally fear stance, told the world that after his The SPEAKER. On this roll call 366 and hatred. return, but great parts of the world were Members have answered to their names, The same technique is being used now, unable to get his report. In his report a quorum. except instead of the actual attack by Secretary Marshall told us that the Soviet By unanimous consent, further pro the Soviet Union following when a peo Union-and I quote from the New York ceedings under the call were dispensed ple are weakened and divided from Times editorial of April 29-"made agree with. within, the Communist group within a ments impossible by insisting on condi STATE, JUSTICE, COMMERCE, AND THE country takes over, and then the real tions in both Austria and Germany which JUDICIARY APPROPRIATION BILL, FIS viciousness starts into operation. made inevitable not only a further drain CAL YEAR 1948 The false and vicious types of radio on American resources, but also a con Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, I move propaganda being given to the peoples of tinuous economic deterioration in all Eu that the House resolve itself into the . other countries against our country rope, leading to new dictatorships and Committee of the Whole House on the should, and must, be met. new strife." State of the Union for the further con In the Middle East, for example, I The editorial-and I quote from it sideration of the bill (H. R. 3311) mak have been informed that Russian broad again because I agree with it-further ing appropriations for the Departments casts accuse the United States of having says: "And though Mr. Marshall re of State, Justice, Commerce, and the diplomatic agents over there to. gobble frained from sayini so, it is no secret judiciary for the fiscal year ending June up all oil deposits. They cite in support that it is in such a situation that the 30, 1948, and for other purposes. the fact that we have oil attaches at our Communists put their hop~ for· further The motion was agreed to. embassies and legations, and from this expansion." Accordingly, the House resolved itself fact alone, being termed "oil attaches" Under these conditions, in the light of. into the Committee of the Whole House their title-that we have hundreds of the intense and false propaganda over the on the State of the Union for the further them over there for the purpose of steal radio, what are we g"Oing to do? What consideration of the bill H. R. 3311, with ing the oil fields of the Middle East. Built should we do? · Mr. CURTIS in the chair. up, as they cleverly do, the Russian ra Without discussing the value of the . The Clerk read the title of the bill. dio-although it is false except as to the frequency we will lose, it is my opinion Mr. McCORMACK . . Mr. Chairman, I title-and I have been informed that we that it would be unwise to terminate this move to strike out the last word, and I have only six or seven such attaches activity completely. - ask unanimous consent to proceed for _ makes out a case that appeals emotion The views of Secretary Marshall in the five additional minutes. ally, and the reaction, as intended, is to matter have been strongly expressed. It The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection create fear and hatred of the United seems to me. that his views are worthy of to the request of ,the gentleman from States. deep consideration. Next to the Presi Massachusetts? This is an illustration of how the truth dent, Secretary Marshall is charged with There was no obje<..tion. is completely distorted. I have sug the duty and responsibility of steering Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, gested to the State Department that the our ship of State. He has a duty and the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. GARY] titles of these attaches be changed as responsibility of a primary nature: Un on yesterday in an eloquent and power an effective means of meeting this false less substantial progress is made toward ful manner gave to the House and to the propaganda. a real peace settlement at the next meet Congress convincing reasons why our Every .kind of deception or falsehood is ing of the Big Four foreign ministers short-wave broadcasts abroad, known as resorted to-that which they think will which is scheduled for next November, I the Voice of America, should be con assist in producing the desired results cannot see where any good can come of tinl,led. As a part of its strategy, in mak fear and hatred of the United States or further efforts. As I interpret world con ing ideological advancement in taking Great Britain-and when concentrating ditions and world events, the deadline or country after country over, an important their efforts on a particular country, time limit is the next meeting of the part of the Soviet Union's war of nerves sending out propaganda that will con Big Four foreign ministers. In the mean:.. is in intense radio propaganda. While fuse and divide a people, and to further time, contrary to the recommendations, exact :figures are not available, sufficient the aims and objectives of the Russian or in fact, the urgings of Secretary Mar information is available for our officials Communist Party within a country shall, should we completely discontinue and for us to know that Russia is spend thereby spreading as far and as rapidly this activity? ing for this purpose several times what as possible communism internationally, We are also aware that private indus we are spending, and other countries, resulting in a more powerful and dan try cannot properly carry on this activ recognizing the value of this type of ac gerous Soviet Union internally, and ity, particularly outside the Western tivity, are spending more than we do. more dangerous as a world power and Hemisphere. The evidence from leading It is a well-known fact that adherence, a world threat. figures in the radio field is evident in this even a limited adherence, to the truth in Their broadcasts on the Moscow Con respect. its propaganda activities is not one of ference is a distortion of the truth. The You will note I have confined my re the elements 'of the Soviet Union's pol United States is pictured to unfortunate marks to the basic question of the con icy. It is also a well-known fact that an and starving and distressed persons of tinuance of this activity. While I have intensive drive is being made everywhere other countries-already subjected to opinions which ih part agree and in part possible to place the United States in a fear-as a country that is responsible for do not agree with the criticisms of per false light. Japan, China, Asia, arid else their condition in some places, and in sonnel and type of broadcast, I refrain where in the Far East did the same thing other places as a greedy and selfisli im from entering into them because they before and during the recent war. perialistic nation. can be corrected if funds are appro In the light of world conditions, in the The blame is placed on the United priated to continue the broadcasts. I light of the false propaganda being di States principally, and also Great Brit agree that with the continuance the best rected at us, it seems to me to be a wise ain-and France will probably now be brains in this country in this specialized investment to present America in its included-for the unfortunate conditions field should be obtained, even if some proper light and to expose the falsity that exist elsewhere, for the failure of have to respond and do so at a sacrifice 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:-.HOUSE 5283 to themselves· as they did during the war; an estimable woman who died within the the head of the State Department imme in order that the maximum results for last several months, but· concerning diately after he was appointed. If we our country may be obtained. While whom the rest of the world would have are going to have a Voice of America, World War n is over, peace does not very little'idea and the present genera let me suggest something. Amongst the prevail, and the peace is not won. Those tion of Americans would also have very best of our broadcasters today ~re Low in the radio fieid in whom everyone has little idea. ell Thomas and Fulton Lewis, Jr. They confidence should, if necessary, respond Let me read to you one of the broad- have probably as much range as any two to bring to this activity the maximum of casts to Russia: · broadcasters. There may be others. I success. I am sure they will gladly give The hero of today's Herald Tribune report am not trying to freeze anybody out. their country of their brains and their has found a brilliant solution of his prob But those two men have staffs of six or time in the months ahead, and particu lem. On Long Island, in New York State, seven. Four or five people with their lariy between now and next November, there are a number of abandoned railroad proper staffs could take care of the as they so willingly did during the war branch lines. Our bright veteran has sur broadcasting that needs to be done, with veyed the available plots and found himself period. · a cozy railroad station 6uilt of red bricks. translators and people who would have My remarks today are addressed to He then contacted the' railroad authorities to broadcast in those languages. Cut the basic question of the immediate ne and leased the empty building for a. song. out the kind of thing that -is just pusil cessity for continuing these broadcasts. Within a short time the abandoned station lanimous and silly. I have hopes that this will be done in was transformed into a cozy house, consist - I want to see a decent job done wher tlie House. In a sense it is still not too ing of a bedroom, living room, kitchen, and ever we have a job to do. I want to see if bath. The house is equipped with electric an end to those in the Department, who late. However, it is not done in this ity, steam heat, radio, a kitchen range, elec body, I hope it will be done in the other t ric re:frigerator, and all other modern living have no business being in charge of this · branch, and that the conference com equipment. kind of thing, and have them taken off mittee will see that the ftlnd.s the Senate the Federal pay roll, and the Federal pay makes available · are finally appropriated The CHAIRMAN. The time of the roll carry only a set-up that may be nec to assure the continuance of this impor gentleman from New York has expired. essary to do a decent job. tant and necessary type of broadcast. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I ask I hope the House will take an Ameri Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I move unanimous consent to proceed for five can position on this thing and not a to strike out the last two words. . additional minutes. position designed to destroy America, Mr. Chairman, it .seems to me we The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection and not propose to continue something should approach this problem knowing to the request of ,the gentleman from that is not being done right. what we are · doing and realizing what New York? Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, we are doing. We should approach this There was no objection. will the gentleman yield again~ problem with the idea that if the Voice Mr; TABER. Here is another line. Mr. TABER. I yield. of America is to be continued it shall They broadcast a number of book re The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gen be the voice of America, and not some views covering a long period of 'time. tleman from New York has again ex thing that will discredit and destroy Amongst the books was a book about the pired; ,t\merica ~nd tpe good will of other coun city of Denver. They tell how they used Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, tries toward us: to shoot each other on sight and about I ask unanimous consent that the gen The trouble with ·me is that I like· to the fellow who built an opera house there tleman may proceed for one additional know what I am acing. Would to God and the·architect put Shakesperu·e's pic ture. in the lobby. The man w.ho had minute to answer a question. that that idea waul~ spr~ad. ;Every time The CHAffiMAN. Is there objection this broadcastlng business has been up had the theater built, a silver tycoon, oame .in and ordered Shakespeare's pic to the request of the gentleman from I have done something that I do not be Ohio? lieve anyone e1s~ in the Congress lias ture taken out· of the lobby and had his picture placed in the lobby instead. There was no objection. done: I have asked for copies of the - Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Is it· not a fact broadcasts' and 1 have read them. I Then there was another. book on the that this Voi-ce of America broadcast has know something about them. I am not anthology of. American cities, by . Rob more than four times as many, or over so sure but that something must be done ert S. Allen, telling how corrupt those ·1,5o·o employees in New York-more than some titne, and some time soon, with cities were. There was a broadcast of four times as many as any of the Ameri reference to these ·broadcasts; but for that. Both of those things were de can networks have employed in New York one solid year and a half the same man signed deliberately to hold America up City? agement has been in charge of that op to ridicule. When an outfit does not · Mr. TABER. More than that. They eration, and there has been no ·accom know any better than to do those things, have a whale of a force in Washington. plishment of putting the thing on a it is time we began to wake up and to sound business basis where it was pull get things straightened out. What I de Mr. BROWN of Ohio. But over 1,500 ing ahead. mand and what I believe must be done, in New York? These broadcasts which I shall refer-to if we are going to have a Voice of Amer Mr. TABER. Yes, and $6,500,000 pay are of recent origin, coming within the ica, is that those things be cleaned up roll right here in Washington alone. last few ·weeks, and I do wish some of and that we have an outfit that is pull The CHAIRMAN. The time of the those who are advocating this would ing for America and not trying to make gentleman frotn New York has again ex come into my office and . read these us perfectly ridiculous and asinine. pired. broadcasts. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, I move Mr. O'KONSKI. Mr. Chairman, will will the gentleman yield? to strike out the last word. the gentleman yield? Mr. TABER. I yield. Mr. Chairman, I have listened with Mr. TABER. I yield. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. The gentleman considerable interest to the statements of Mr. O'KONSKI. Why is it not pos in mentioning book reviews that have both the minority whip [Mr. McCoR sible to print a copy of the broadcasts been given over this Voice of America MACK] and the chairman of the House in the RECORD so that we can all see ~roadcast, has evidently failed to men Appropriations Committee [Mr. TABERl. them? Why are they so secret? What tion the most famous of all reviews, the I would like to make sure that all of is so secret about these broadcasts? review of the book on the Wallace fam the members of this committee under Mr. TABER. There is nothing secret ily, in which Mr. Henry Wallace was stand another aspect of this problem about them. The only question is as to held out as the great American of all which has not been discussed or explored the volume of them. To print .those times, and the broadcast was made at thus far in the debate. broadcasts in the RECORD would make a the very moment he was in Europe at It happens that I am now serving as RECORD 40 times the volume of the regu tempting to sabotage the President's so Chairman of the subcommittee of the lar daily CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for the called foreign policy program. ·House Committee on Foreign Affairs lot of broadcasts that I have in my office. Mr. TABER; That is correct, and it which is holding hearings on a bill pro Let me give you an illustration of what is pitiful~ The only · way we are going vidiJ:l.g for a United States Information is involved. There are 15-minute broad to get th;:~.t thing cleaned up is to have Service which includes this Voice of casts to foreign countries upon the life .it cleaned up before we make appropria America program. It is H. R. 3342, and character of Carrie Chapman Catt, ~ion s . I called this to the attention of which I introduced a week · or so ago. 5284 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 Our hearings have now been under way derstand the purpose for which we are d.epartments, to foreig-n lands at a much for several sessions. spending these billions of dollars. We lower cost than has been the case under The report of the Appropriations Com must make certain that this burden upon the present program? mittee raises three questions about this the American taxpayer is not entirely a Mr. MUNDT. They cannot do it with particular program. The first is that it gesture of futility. Unless our purposes out financial assistance from the out- is not authorized by law. With that I are understood abroad it is apt to be side. · can find no quarrel. I recognize that a come just a gesture of futility. It is im Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I say at a lower point of order can be raised against this perative that we accompany these vast cost to the Federal Government. appropriation at this time. I anticipate expenditures with a program of informa Mr. MUNDT. Perhaps a better bar that such a point of order will be raised tion and edification which will help them gain can be driven through the terms of because there is obviously enough oppo to procure and protect the peace. a new contract; however, the Federal sition to the program so that any indi Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Chair Government contracts with these li vidual Member of the House can insist man, will the gentleman yield? censees and 50 percent of the programs that it be authorized by law before it Mr. MUNDT. I am happy to yield to are arranged by them. becomes a governmental practice. the gentleman from New York. M1". BROWN of Ohio. These contracts Let me say frankly that with that posi Mr. REED of New York. I think it is with the licensees are for the use of the tion I have no quarrel. I am one of not only necessary that the world know physical facilities only. Cannot these those who for a long time has felt that why we are appropriating this money but same licensees furnish the programs un the function of the Appropriations Com also that it would help a great deal if der direction of the Government at much mittee is to act as the fiscal committee of we ourselves knew why we are appropri less cost than at the present time? this House, to appr.opriate money to ating the money. Mr. MUNDT. Fifty percent of the finance projects which have been author Mr. MUNDT. I think that is correct. programs themselves are arranged by ized by legislation. I am glad that this Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. private licensees. somewhat belated, but I hope firm, atti Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Does the gentle tude of the Appropriations Committee of 'Mr. MUNDT. I yield. man mean to say that 1,500 employees of the House has been announced. I hope Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I read the State Department in New York are it will become precedent'. I hope that with interest the gentleman's bill and only doing half of the work of this broad the Appropriations Committee will not wish to ask him whether in connection casting arrangement that we now have, write legislation into appropriation bills with what we are discussing today it and that these six or seven hundred in at this time or any other time because would not be possible to include in the Washington are only doing a part of the I think the integrity of the ' legislative bill provisions to prevent these broad work, that half of the service is being committees of the House should be sus casters from defaming America and con furnished by private industry? tained. ducting themselves in un-American ways. Mr. MUNDT. The gentleman is cor So if the action on this appropriation Mr. MUNDT. I am coming to that rect. Half of the information and half is the forerunner of a firm and perma:.. aspect a little later in my remarks·. It of the programs are being furnished by nent and consistent program certainly I certainly is possible. My bill stipulates private interests. find no quarrel with this attitude of the such safeguards specifically. Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, will the Appropriations Committee which says Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, gentleman yield? simply that from now on they are not will the-gentleman yield? Mr. MUNDT. I yield to the gentleman going to appropriate money for any pur Mr. MUNDT. I yield. from Virginia. pose which ·has not been authorized by Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, it legislative action and which says that the is perfectly apparent the gentleman will Mr. GARY. Is it not a fact that these legislative committees of ·the House are not have sufficient time to present his employees to which the gentleman refers going to be protected in their position as statement. .I ask unanimous consent are not only engaged in broadcasting but legislative committees. Members of Con they are engaged in various other that his time may be exteqded for methods of disseminating the facts abo.ut gress generally will applaud this de five additional minutes. cision by the Appropriations Committee. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection America, such as moving pictures and the We shall expect it to become a,prevailing · to the request of the gentleman from other activities of the department? rule in the future and not simply be used Massachusetts? Mr. MUNDT. The gentleman is ab as an isolated .device for denying money There was no objection. solutely correct and to that should be for Voice of America broadcasts. Mr. MUNDT. Thank you, Mr. McCoR added that they are also engaged in mon The second protest raised against this MACK. Let us now get down to the prob itoring the broadcasts which Foreign bill, however, deals with the heart of the lem we face. Here is a job of publicity Governments are sending out and which program. It says that the Government for the American program which we all all too frequently are devoted to distort should not be in the news business. That recognize must be done. Unfortunately, ing and perverting our American prin sounds. perfectly reasonable to disciples the private information sources in this ciples and prrposes. of the free enterprise system such as we country are unable to do it. They them Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Does the gen all are in this House. However, the stub selves have oome before Congress and tleman believe that these broadcasts, the born fact remains that since the war before governmental agencies saying art and the material that has been fur we are appropriating or have appro they cannot provide the types of service nished by this "Voice of America" and priated between ten and twenty billion in the areas of the world which require by this division of the State· Department dollars for a reconstruction job to be them. At this time there are 7 licensees are directly representative of the Ameri done in the occupied areas in the world of short-wave broadcasting in this coun can life and the American way of doing which we have recently defeated, or to be try and they all say they are utterly things? used in other sections of the world where unable as a commercial venture of their Mr. MUNDT. The gentleman believes we are interesting ourselves to the extent own to provide the programs required in that the broadcasts and the other in of granting funds or giving materials various portions of the earth. formational services are rendering great or lending money. It is nothing more Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, support to the American concept abroad. than good, canny Yankee business judg will the gentleman yield? The gentleman speaking is not willing to ment to spend a small fraction of 1 per Mr. MUNDT. I yield. defend every single individual broadcast, cent of that amount to advertise abroad Mr. BROWN of Ohio. The gentle nor the "Circus Lady" nor the Wallace the objectives we seek with those many man's statement is entirely true, that book. I recognize mistakes have been billions. they cannot afford through commercial made and, if I may be permitted to pro This matter of telling the true Ameri support alone to furnish these broad ceed, I will explain why under the basic can story abroad is a job it seems to me casts. Is it not also true that the pri legislation which I have introduced those that everybody agrees must be done, and vately owned broadcasting companies of types of mistakes will be less frequent. I think the chairman of the Appropria this country that have short-wave radio Mr. BROWN of Ohio. May I ask that tions Committee is on record saying that · facilities can furnish this service, can the gentleman explain to the House if he he too believes that job must be done. furnish information for the State De believes the people who are doing this We must help the rest of the world un- partment and for the other governmental work are all g.pod Americans? 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5285 Mr. MUNDT. If the gentleman will The third point is the controversial Mr. MUNDT. I said I was not prepared give me time, I will enter into that ques one. · The Appropriations Subcommittee to say, because there is great argument tion also. If they are not, however, my says, with some accuracy in its report, among those administering the program bill, H. R. 3342, contains a section which that this program has not been efficiently whether the program should be used as will definitely and completely correct administered. Certainly, it has made a show case or a mirror of American life. that situation. some very serious mistakes. It has done Whichever idea is used, however, I favor Mr. PHILLIPS of California. Mr. some things which I might even call keeping the voice of America articulate Chairman, will the gentleman yield? blunders. But I call to the attention of abroad. Mr. MUNDT. I yield to the gentlc:nan the committee that this is a new ven Mr. JENSEN. Can the gentleman tell from California. ture; that it is an entirely new experience me just when the new concept of sales Mr. PHILLIPS of California. I un for the American Government in peace manship took place? I always thought derstood that private broadcasting com time to present to areas of the world, that when a salesman went out to sell panies, in connection with Harvard Uni with many, many different languages, his goods, he told about the good things versity and certain other univ~rsities, broadcasts which are going to have the about his goods; he did not tell of the were presently carrying 0:1 a program. right kind of receptivity and the right bad things. Now, if we are going to em Mr. MUNDT. One of the seven li kind of result ih these countries. bark on a program to tell the world about censees is a foundation, which includes Among the people now administering the bad things of America, I think we are the broadcasting of programs sponsored the program there is real honest contro going far astray from the purposes of in part by Harvard University. versy as to whether this program, for ex these broadcasts. Mr. HORAN. Mr. Chairman, will the ample, should be sort of a showcase for Mr. MUNDT. I think the gentleman gentleman yield? America, such as you have in front of a has been approached by too many of Mr. MUNDT. I yield to the gentleman big department store, in which you place those blue-sky stock salesmen. who prey from Washington. the items which yot.. have for sale, but in upon the rich farmers of Iowa, and who Mr. HORAN. I am happy to know that which you place only your best items, the certainly give only the bright side of the gentleman's subcommittee is consid ones of which you are proud, the ones a picture. A good salesman these days ering this matter, because, as he says, it you think will have the biggest appeal does present an honest picture and does is vitally important. It is also vitally to the passers-by. There is one line of not try to sell his product as Utopia. important that we recognize what pri argument holding that these broadcasts Mr. JENSEN. That is just talk. I am vate resources are doing in the direction should be devoted exclusively to that kind getting down to brass tacks. I am not of our foreign relations. It was brought of program. They insist with consider floating around in mid-air here and say out in a conference at which the gentle able persuasiveness that this informa ing a lot of words for nothing. I am man was present, that World-Wide Radio tion program should be in fact what I trying to find out from the gentleman was broadcasting in Greek on their own would call a showcase for America if it is necessary to spend millions and three times a week, but the State De abroad. millions of dollars on this Voice of partment only admitted that after we There is also a valid argument that cl:m America to tell the people of the world questioned them in detail. We want the be presented that these broadcasts should of a lot of bad things that may be going whole truth. It is true, of course, that not be a showcase for America, but that, on here. I do not think that is a good they conduct some moving-picture ex rather, they should be a mirror of Amer policy. The gentleman is putting him ercises; however, the moving-picture in ica; that they should reflect what hap self in the role of a salesman now, he is dustry itself is spending today $2,000,000 pens here; imaging abroad some of the trying to sell us right now on the idea of their own money in the field of for bad things as well as some of the good that this Is a good thing to keep up. We eign relations. Those things ·should be things. know there are a lot of bad things in it, brought to the attention of the Ameri The Secretary bf State leans in the di but if we did not know it, would the gen can people. We have had no success rection of supporting those who believe tleman as a salesman trying to sell this at all in getting the State Department that we should make these broadcasts a job to us tell us about all the bad things?. to admit that anybody else but them mirror of' America. Secretary Marshall Mr. MUNDT. Yes. In fact, the selves were in this field. The American says these broadcasts should employ what burden of my speech has been·to-present people are ·entitled to the truth. he has so aptly called "the strategy of the facts and to point out that this pro-· The CHAffiMAN. The time of the truth." Mr. Marshall stresses that you gram is not above reproach; it is not gentleman frorr.. South Dakota has ex have to develop on the part of the listen above criticism. We are now holding pired. ers a respect for the objectivity of the hearings before my subcommittee on my Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I programs; a respect for the fact that they bill for making this the ·proper type of ask unanimous consent that the gentle do mix the bitter with the sweet. program so that we can do what the man's time be extended five additional I am not prepared to say whether this gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER) minutes. information service abroad should ·be a says we should do, have the Voice of Mr. STEFAN. ' Mr. Chairman, reserv show case or a mirror for America. I am America articulated in such fashion that ing the right to object, and I shall not Pl'epared to say however, that as this bill it is clearly and convincingly a real object, I see no point in discussing a is developed during the hearings and American voice. matter that is in this bill which we are through amendments, and as it is then Mr. Chairman, may I call attention to going to go into at some length when screened through the Committee on Ap title IX, section 901 of my proposed legis propriations for the purpose of securing lation, H. R. 3342, as it is designed an amendment is offered to restore the money for the services we authorize, Con item. I wonder if, for the reason of con directly to eliminate some of the causes gress can write in the precautions which fo:-- most of the criticism which has been serving time, we could not discuss and make it possible for us to voice our will debate these matters when we come to made against this idea to set up a perma as to whether this program should give nent and continuing United States In them at that point in the bill. However, only the sunshiney, pollyanic, happy I shall not object. formation Service r,broad. side of America or whether it should pre Here is the language of that section: · The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection sent both sides of the picture. In my to the request of the gentleman from No individual may be employed or assigned opinion America is great enough and good to duties under this act unless the director Massachusetts? enough so that even if our foreign broad of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, after There was no _objection. casts are just an honest mirror of what such investigation as he deems necessary, Mr. MUNDT. Thank you all, sincerely, America is and how Americans live we certifies that, in his opinion, such individual for your forbearance. I shall not yield will continue to develop and increase re is loyal to the United States and such em at the moment because I want to con spect for the United States abroad. ployment or assignment is consistent with tinue with the points which I was en Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Chairman, will the the security of the United States. deavoring to make, and in another 5 min gentleman yield? Mr. Chairman, that provision assures utes I shall conclude. Mr. MUNDT. I yield to the gentleman us all that real, sturdy, Americans The second point is that we have asked from Iowa. proud of the American concept and eager that to be done which private industry, Mr. JENSEN. The gentleman said a to protect, preserve, and promote it unaided, cannot do; there is no question minute ago that he thought we should will administer and staff this informa about this fact. give both the good and the bad side. tion program. We can be positive under 5286 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_.I-IOUSE MAY 14 that provision that no Communists, or impose American imperialism upon the suits for a long time. If any lawyer parlor pinks, or cryto-communists, or Russians. I noticed in yesterday's paper should go into court and try a case with fellow travellers will have any part in that Henry said the time has now come the purpose of showing the weak points of this program in any way, shape, or form. in this country for the Federal Govern his client's case instead of leaving that That provision should permit us to con ment to nationalize the coal mines. ' to his · adversary, such a lawyer should sider the program on its merit without If it were not that some of the in be bored for the simples. No man need fear that it will be sabotaged by disloyal mates are violent, we could empty our ever· worry that his adversary and his or apologetic Americans. That provision lunatic asylums and put the lunatics on enemies will not point out his weak makes certain we will have as complete a the air. I just cannot bring myself to points. The thing to do if you have a house cleaning as is necessary and is vote any money to finance a fool pro cause that you wish to sell is to put your warranted. It does precisely what the gram like this. best foot forward. chairman of the Appropriations Com Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the What is wrong with this country any mittee [Mr. TABER] has been suggesting. gentleman yield? how? If these people do not know that It sets up safeguards for the staffing of Mr. JENNINGS. I yield to the gentle this is the one free Republic in all the this program which are unequaled in man from Mississippi. world, if they do not know that this is almost any other legislation ever passed Mr. RANKIN. After reading what perhaps the only solvent country in the by Congress-they are as complete, in Wallace said in Europe and hearing of world, 'if after we have paved the road of fact, as those which made certain of the the broadcast boosting him at the time victory to Berlin and Tokyo with the loyalty of the men working on the so he was over there, I thought of the Irish dead and broken bodies of more than a called Manhattan project, the atomic man who came back after the First World million of our ·finest, our bravest, our bomb project, during the days of war. War and said he found the French so strongest and best men, if they do not Colleagues, if the Voice of America darned ignorant he could hardly make know these facts there is nothing in the has had a faulty lisp at times or a foreign · them understand their own language. I world that will convince them of what accent, let us not cut the throat of the am afraid Mr. Wallace had quite a good the people of this country have done for Voice of America to correct either its deal of trouble explaining communism them. diction or direction. Let us rather guide to the Communists of Europe. Let us keep this money and, if neces it by congressional mandate and super Mr. JENNINGS. Generally speaking, sary, use it to feed the hungry and clothe vision to make certain it develops the when someone is not using him to broad-· the naked. sturdy American twang which we all cast a record full of his malevolence he is Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, desire it to demonstrate. All of you are as clear as mud on any subject to which · I move to strike out the last five words invited to bring your ideas and sugges-. he addresses himself. We just do not and ask unanimous consent that I may tions before my subcommittee which is have competent people to carry on a pro proceed for an additional 5 minutes. meeting daily. Any amendments you gram like this. If we have them, the . The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection propose will be most carefully considered. State Department has failed to employ to the request of· the gentleman from It is our hope to bring this legislation such persons. If the people of Europe, Ohio? before you at an early date and in such in spite of the billions of dollars that we There was no objection. form that its .safeguards and provisions have showered upon them-if the people Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, will assure you all that this enabling of Europe after having been snatched as there is much that I lack in many ways legislation for an American information. a brand from the burning-if the people so far as education and training is con program abroad merits your approval so all over Europe do not know that we are cerned. For instance, I have not been that new finances may be provided for the kindest, most generous, and most highly educated in art, but I am sure that it before the ending of the_current fiscal sympathetic people on the face of the we do have in the Congress many Mem year next July 1. earth, no amount of silly broadcasting bers who are well trained in the arts and · Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Chairman, I will enable them to realize these facts. sciences and who have studied, with a move to strike out the last two words. Mr. RIZLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the great ·deal of care, during the last few Mr. Chairman, I have listened with a gentleman yield? weeks some of the material that i~ being certain degree of apprehension and be Mr. JENNINGS. I yield to my friend, sent out by our Government, at the ex wilderment to what I have just heard. the gentleman from Oklahoma. pense of the American taxpayers, to give Just what are we trying to do? Are we Mr. RIZLEY. Referring to the state to-the people of the world a true picture undertaking to convince the world that ment made by the distinguished gentle of American life so that they may know we are crazy? If we are, this is a fine man from South Dakota that he thinks something about America; so that they program. We propose now to take how we ought to sell the good as ·well as the may have some idea of what representa many million dollars to do this thing? bad. I understand that in this same pro tive government stands for; so that they If it were $5 it would be too much. gram, before Mr. Wallace made his trip may learn what real liberty and true Are there those in this body who are over there, the State Department used a freedom actually mean. apprehensive that the libelers and the great deal of money that we had appro In order that those· of you who, like slanderers who are undertaking to priated to sell the countries of Europe on myself, have not had the opportunity to whistle this country down the wind will the merits of Henry Wallace, and most study art at home or in foreign lands not tell enough lies to make the people Republicans ought to know this-they may become better informed, I am going of foreign countries think we are as bad used part of the money to sell the whole to take the liberty of passing around as they want the world to think we are? world and this country especially on the among you some of the pictures we are Who is it among this motely crew who evils of the Republican Party. now spending good money to send has sense enough to mirror the people Mr. JENNINGS. I never knew abroad. I hope you will bt: kind enough of this country to the world as we really whether Mr. Truman sent boomerang to return them to the table. I hope that are? I have seen some of this stuff they throwing Henry Wall ace up in a trial on your own time, and at the proper have .been putting out. The representa balloon and forced him to jump out time, you will be kind enough to give to tives of the State Department say they without a parachute, or whether Henry the House the benefit of your deductions want the people of foreign countries to did it while running true to form on his and your understanding of just what know what American women look like, own. these pictures represent in American life. and they get up a caricature, a squat The CHAIRMAN. The time of the This picture, I think, represents creature of the muck and mire and hold gentleman from Tennessee has expired. sleepy-eyed potatoes in the springtime. this misshapen thing UlJ to the world Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Chairman, I ask Here is a very fine illustration. I am as an American circus performer taking unanimous consent to proceed for two sure that from it some of you may now a rest . . additional minutes. be able to understand what a great con We have Henry Wallace. He has been The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection tribution we are making to peace abroad. on the loose. He is not costing the tax to the request of the gentleman from I would like especially to have the gentle payers of the country anything now. He Tennessee? man from Mississippi [Mr. RANKIN] ex has been to Europe and has misrepre There was no objection. plain just exactly what this picture rep sented this country pretty thoroughly. Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Chairman, let resents. He said we have a malicious purpose to me point out just one other thing about Here is one that has a colonial hat police the borders of Russia in order to selling America. I have been trying law- placed jauntily upon a skeleton. I am 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5287 sure the gentleman from Massachusetts that 20 · of these artists have definite I have been saying to friends -in the [Mr. MCCORMACK] can explain its mean Communist affiliations. and backgrounds. State Department for some time that ing in his own time. I am certain he will Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Thank you, Mr. until Congress became convinced that the be interested in it. BuSBEY. Mr. Chairman, how much time influence of the old OWl had been com~ I have quite a number of other pic have I remaining? pletely eliminated it would be impossible tures if anyone wants to see them. Any The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman has to get any money whatsOever for the one who ·ever lived along the seashore 3 minutes remaining. carrying on of this work. The photo would recognize this picture, either as a Mr. BENDER. Is this picture supposed graphs which the gentleman from Ohio fish or the Wreck of the Hesperus. You to be some part of a horse? has distributed here on the floor ts in may make your own decision. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I am not sure; the main a picture of the old OWl which Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Have you some it may be one of our modern State De I think was completely controlled by that you can show the ladies? partment employees, at rest. those who exercised an influence detri Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Oh, yes. I Mr. RANKIN. This one is QJ the mental to our country as a whole. I feel, have some that I can show the ladies. I Eleanor Club, I may say to. the gentle however, that it is due the a·ssistants in will ask the lady if she ever saw another man from Ohio. the State Department who is in charge lady with the physical characteristics Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I am glad to of this activity at the present time. that that this - particular picture portrays? have that information, because I am I should say that I am convinced that Is it representative of our American totally uninformed as to what these pic since he took the position which he holds womanhood? I pray not. tures really do represent. I am just he has endeavored to clean up that Mrs. ST. GEORGE. I never saw her a dur.n b American who pays taxes for branch of the Department over which pose for a picture. this kind of trash. he presides. I am not convinced, how Mr. BROWN of Ohio. That is what is Let me say, with all the seriousness at ever, that the progress in this respect has known in the newspaper business as leg my command, that if there is a single been made that might have been made art, in case the lady is interested. individual in · this Congress who believes if the cleaning up operation had been Here is a very, very symbolic picture. this kind of tripe is doing any good to handled with less care and tender con I am not sure just what it is, but I am ward the advancement of world peace, or sideration for the people who were re certain the Members would like to look toward bringing a better understanding sponsible for the bad repute into which at it. of American life, then he should be sent this branch has fallen. Mr. Benton is Here is a picture of a maze that I am to the same nut house from which the a man of great ability and if given fair sure .all of ' you can find your way out people who drew this stuff originally support he would make a record of which of, if you will look :at it carefully and came. Why, it is simply ridiculous that all would be proud. There is no abler study it. Is .it truly representative of we put up with this kind of waste of man in the State Department. American life-? the taxpayers' money for one moment. I want to make this observation, and Here is another beautiful picture I After all, we do have some responsibility, I think I am correct, that in the ex think you may all enjoy. It is a remark here in the Congress, to the people we penditures that we are making abroad able conception of what our Republic represent. This material, of course, is in order to promote our influence and stands for, and here is a , picture which quite humorous, but it is also a great protect our welfare it will not be possible I· believe should .· be entitled "Congress tragedy that we have · representing us to get fUll benefit of the money which is at Work." today in our Government--in a State being expended unless we can take our This is a hunting.scene that.! am sure Department--those who would spend the story to the people that we are trying is typical ' of some of the work of our people's money for this sort of stuff. to help. You are not going to be able aboriginal ancestors here in America. We ought to be ashamed of ourselves to combat successfully this foreign in Here is another pieture I am sure you and we should clean out ·those who are fluence with money. It is going to take can understand. Of course, there is no responsible for such a situation. more than that. The good will and in congressional mind that cannot grasp However, I have no criticism of Gen formational program which the State the full significance of this picture. I eral Marshall. He is a great man, with Department is carrying on is a thing that woUld like for the gentleman from Cali a reputation as an organizer, but he has must be continued, but again I want to fornia to study it. If he wishes he can not had an opportunity to reorganize the say for the benefit of the State Depart~ interpret it for us. Perhaps he can give State Department. I say, however, that ment it is perfectly apparent they will us some idea. of what it really means. it is about time he starts to reorganize not get a dime until they have washed . Of course, everyone recognizes this the State Department, or it will wreck out this. whole set-up and regained the picture. . This is the Washington trolley him while he is abroad trying to repre confidence of the Congress to the extent system that we have here in our Capital sent the United States in world confer that the Congress will believe that only city. It is typical. ences. Until he does reorganize this those who are pro-Americans will be I am sure the . gentleman from Geor department, until he does get rid of these used to administer the program. This is gia [Mr. Coxl, will be interested in this people who not only are not truly rep something that Mr. Benton can do and particular picture. Perhaps he can ex resentative of America, but actually do will do if given proper support. plain it to his constituents when he gets not understand America and cannot The CHAIRMAN. The time of the home. speak our language, we can only say: gentleman from Georgia has expired. Here is another picture. The only "No more appropriations for such non Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, I ask thing I can recognize is the word sense." unanimous consent to proceed for one "Smith." So I am convinced it is either I will support an information program additional minute. a portrait of Dr. SMITH of Ohio or Judge whenever the State Department comes The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection SMITH of Virginia, but I am not sure here and presents to the Congress the to the request of the gentleman from which one. This is supposed to be an ex right kind of program; but until it does Georgia? hibit, by the way, which truly represents bring to us a proper kind of information There was no objection. what is going on here in America. program, which will be run by people Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, if the who understand America and who are gentleman yield? gentleman will yield, is it important that loyal to America, then I am going to Mr. COX. I yiela to the gentleman it be determined which one it is? oppose any appropriation whatsoever for from Mississippi. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Oh, yes. I this type of "bunk." Mr. RANKIN. I. just want to call the think we should address a resolution of Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, I move to attention of the gentleman from Geor inquiry to· the State Department. strike out the last word. gia to the fact that no American drew Mr. BUSBEY. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. Chairman, the statement just those crazy pictures. gentleman yield? made by my friend from Ohio, and the Mr. COX. I canr!ot think it reason Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I yield briefly. reaction he got from the Membership able to suppose that a sane person drew Mr. BUSBEY. I merely wish to ad shows just how impossible it is for us to them or that a man with any common vise the gentleman from Ohio that if make progress with this activity of the sense at all would have distributed them. he will read today's RECORD he will see State Department until confidence in Mr. RANKIN. They are Communist where I inserted information showing personnel i~ establi ~ hed. caricatures that are sent out to mi ~ lead 5288 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 the rest of the world as to what America race was not destroyed in this country' Europe and mingled, more or less, in is like. the Union was not divided, and the ideas spite of the restrictions imposed .upon Mr. COX. These pictures are the of the Great Emancipator still live in the them, with- the peoples of other coun same kind of art that you saw so promi minds of men. Indeed, the Great tries, have seen people living in devas-t nently displayed during the World Fair Teacher of all time was nailed to a tated areas much better than most Rus in New York. It Is not the sort of Amer cross by an angry mob, but the Cruci sians have ever lived. Russia is recall icanism which I, like the gentleman from fixion did not. destroy, rather it only ing these soldiers from the occupied areas Ohio, am able to understand. served to encourage the growth and because she is fearful of the views-they l\4r. RANKIN. Until there is a house spread of Christiantiy throughout the might express in clandestine meetings cleaning of the State Department that is world. Such is the power of an idea and on their return home. She does not want the kind of embarrassment the American an ideal. her people to know the actual conditions people are going to be subjected to. "As a man thinketh, so is he." That in other lands. Recently I was talking The CHAIRMAN. The time of the is not only good gospel; that is sound to a good friend of mine-who has spent gentleman from Georgia has again ex- psychology, and history is replete with several years in Russia and who speaks pired. / instances that prove the truth of that the Russian language fluently. He talked Mr. SHORT. Mr. Chairman, I move statement. A nation is no different from to me off the record. I asked him about to strike out the last three words. an individual. As a nation thinketh, so conditions. He said, "Dewey; conditions Mr. Chairman, the distinguished and is it. And, logically and inevitably, ac inside Russia are terrible. The people able chairman of the Committee on llp tion follows thought. are war-worn and weary. They do not prop:riations, the gentleman from New What gav~ rise to nazism? What want to fight anyone again.'' -Of course, New York [Mr. TABER] is one of the most made Hitler possible? It was· because of we know there are about 40 men who valuable Members of this House. He is the lJhilosophy of ·Friedrich Nietzsche. would set up world-wide communism at hard-working and conscientious. He- is It was the doctrine of a superman, the any cost, using every artifice, lie, -trick diligent in the discharge of his duties. super race that brought forth Hitler, ery, and device in order to destroy the He is utterly devoted to the unpleasant Rimmler, Goering, Goebels, and all their bourgeoisie and establish the rule of the task that has been assigned him, and he murderous gang. It was the philosophy proletariat. - But I am convinced that should have the sympathetic under on von Freitschke and von Bernhardi these Russian soldiers who are coming standing and full cooperation of every that "might makes right" and "necessity back from Europe to their own country Member of this House in trying to cut knows no law." · are dissatisfied with things in Russia. the cost of Government to the bone. J; Perhaps one of the greatest mistakes They are beginning to question, after all, could say the same fine complimentary from a selfish point of view, Great Brit this utopia that ·has been dinned into things about the chairman of the sub ain made in the First World War was their ears and the lies that have been committee, my good personal friend, the when she brought a million Indians and told them. They have seen for them gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. STEFAN], Hindus from India to the Western Front selves life outside Soviet Russia and are who is handling this particular bill. to do the housekeeping of the allied now asking, Is life at home so good after Therefore it is with some reluctance. that Armies. That million Hindus got a look all? They are thinking even though I must say that on this measure-and and taste of European life. They be they cannot talk. _ much to the amazement, no doubt, of came indoctrinated with Western ideas. I say to you, the only way we can many of my friends-! am forced to dif They saw for the first time in their lives penetrate the iron curtain at this time fer with these gentlemen. how other people were living. When the is by the same sort of psychological I know you can resort to the art of war was over and they returned to. India, penetration practiced by -the Soviets satire and ridicule. Frankly I have t:Rere were a million ambassadors themselves.· It is that i11filtration, that practiced it myself on occasion. But this clamoring for India's freedom. Gandhi, psychological penetration practiced by is too serious a matter to laugh out of a successful barrister and honor graduate the Soviets that goes into every countFy court. This Foreign Information Serv of Oxford, left South Africa and re in advance of their conquering armies. ice is in its infancy. It is a new set-up. turned to India, and that movement for They soften the enemy before they at I am aware that it has made many freedom has been going on in India until tack. Their motto is, "Divide and con grievous mistakes; many of the parts of 375,000 ,000 people today are seething quer." How foolish it would be because its program have been silly, and some of with revolt and rebellion, and the Indians of certain errors and grave mistakes it has been downright dangerous. And, will obtain their independence ·next y·ear. made by this new infant" agency to wipe I agree with former speakers who have Whether it will be for good or ill re it out altogether. If we hope to estab said that we need a housecleaning in the mains to be seen. Only time ,..can tell. lish \.ne free economic, democratic, way State Department. God knows that I want to say to you gentlemen here of life in this world, then we must assume housecleaning is long overdue. Jimmy this afternoon, in my opinion one of our these enormously increased responsibil Byrnes got rid of a lot of the Reds, but greatest assets in dealing with Soviet ities that have been bequeathed to us at some pinks still remain. I think General Russia-and we will reap the benefit the close of this global conflict. The Marshall, if given a fair opportunity and before too long-is the fact that for the only way we can penetrate this wall of sufficient time, wiP get rid of them. It is first time in their lives hundreds of secrecy today, unless we are willing to going to take more than a stiff broom thousands of Russian soldiers were al declare. war and go in with our armies furnished us by the gentleman from Ohio lowed to leave their own country and to and drop our bombs; is by way of radio, [Mr. BENDERL We will need a pitchfork penetrate ·the countries of central and the newspaper and the psychological and a scoop shovel. But, why should we eastern Europe. In spite of the devasta warfare that saved the lives of hundreds kill a foreign-information program sim tion, wreckage and ruin, these Russians of thousands of our soldiers both in the ply because of some mistakes that have saw villages and towns and j;he way of First and the Second World Wars. been made? life of other peoples in Rumania, Hun In 1922 when I was a student at I declare unto you that ideas are the gary, Czechoslovakia, Germany, and Heidelberg, I asked my professor, Herr most powerful weapons on earth. An Austria, preferable to their own. Hoopf's, one day who won the war. The idea is something that cannot be de The CHAIRMAN. The time of the answer was, "Lord Northcliffe's news stroyed by a shell or a bomb. gentleman from Missouri has expired. papers and Woodrow Wilson's 14 points Mind is more powerful than matter. Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I · ask are what won the war," because literally John Huss, the Bohemian reformer and unanimous consent that the gentleman hundreds of thousands, in fact, millions martyr, was burned at the stake, but the be permitted to proceed for five addi of pamphlets containing the 14 points cause he espoused was not destroyed. tional minutes. weru dropped over the German lines. Eighty-three years later a great Italian The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection When the Germans picked up those soul with irrepressible energy, uncon- to the request of the gentleman from pamphlets and read about the right of , querable convictions, and flaming elo New York? self-determination, of territorial integ quence was hanged and burned, but his There was no objection. rity, they threw away their rifles and love of liberty, his sense of decency, an Mr. SHORT. I appreciate very much went home and refused to return to the justice still live. Giralamo Savonarola this additional time. front lines. In fact, the revolution broke is not dead! Abraham Lincoln was These hundreds of thousands of Rus out in Munich 60 days ·before the armi assassinated but freedom of the colored sians who came into central and eastern stice in 1918, and that revolution assumed 1947 .. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-.HOUSE 5289 far greater proportions than the outside United States has to compete in every way sential that American democracy b€ able world has ever guessed. it can- to speak with a voice of its own on the From this global conflict that has just Mrs. McCormick said- international stage. To silence the Voice closed General Eisenhower knows the To win in this competition, nothing is so of America, and halt the overseas infor value of psychological warfare, "Wild important as to make our system work po mation program would deprive us, in this Bill" Donovan. knows the value of it, litically, socially, economically. Retreat on critical period in international affairs, of and so does George Marshall, who only any of these fronts is fatal to the cause of an instrument vitally impor.ti:mt in car recently has made a plea that the Con democracy everywhere. The next impor rying out our peaceful objectives. tant thing is to let people know that it gress not ·abdicate these functions and works. Money has to be spent to tell the Mr. Chairman, perhaps it· is because obliterate this agency. story, to give the population of the Soviet of my aby_smal ignorance due to lack of Let. us clean it up and put it in order. Union and eastern Europe some idea of education and travel a~d PlY brief service Do not kill it. These men know that America other than the image etched on in this Body that it is utterly beyond my the psychological penetration we made their minds by incessant false propaganda. comprehension why or how Members in not only to the armed forces of our If a thousand listeners in the upper ranks this Chamber can vote $400,000,000 aid to enemies but ·to the subjugated .peoples of the Communist Party hear the Voice of America it is worth· the investment. Con Greece and Turkey and then refuse to in occupied territories and citizens of gress takes a grave responsibility in silencing vote less than one-twelfth of that amount the ne_utral powers did much to win us a whisper that has already begun to echo to be spent in this essential work by our support of the underground and brought as far away as Siberia and Baku. own Department of State. _ . the war to a speedy termination, thus Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Chairman, saving thousands up·on thousands · of For the fiscal year beginning July 1 I move to strike .o~t the last four words. American lives. So let us not act here the State Department has asked for ap Mr. Chairman, I was in the Cha~ber wholly in a spirit of emotion or prejudice. proximately -$31,000,000 for its ov(;lrseas at the time the gentleman from Ohio William Benton; after all,. regardless of information program. This is but a lMr. BROWN] gave the membership the what anyone here thinks about him, ·has minute fr~ction of the amount proposed benefit of looking at photographic proofs proved himself a successful businessman. for the budget of the armed services. ot some of the painting_s that have been You do not have to argue to hard-headed It is perhaps a fourth of the. cost of a used by the State Department in its pro practical businessmen in America about modern battleship, and represents only gram. I noticed that as many Members the value of advertising. Just read any t:Pe cost Qf a few bombers. Expendi looked at them it created a feeling of magazine or .newspaper. I know that tures for overseas information must prop levity and there was · some outright Bill Benton is reasonable-he is ap erly be considered a premium for peace laughter. There has been a good deal proachable and agreeable-and I think insurance, and if tl:)is money can help of criticism about the paintings selected he will welcome any .constructive criti in promoting a better understanding of by the State Department .. the United States abroad it will be pro cism that Congress may. have to offer.· ducing. dividends that will accrue to the Mr. Chairman, I do not know whose Mr. Chairman, today we are facing a benefit of future generat!ons of Ameri- lected these paintings for use in this in war of idea-s, a war between the totalitar cans. · formation program, but I would not be ianism of communism and the freedom We must not lose the war of ideas by surprised if perhaps nearly every one of of a constitutional representative Re default. Today we battle for men's the paintings that· were exhibited · had public. Through the Office of Interna minds. Through the Voice of America either received a prize or at least honor tional Information and Cultural Affairs and the other activities of the United able mention in some of the exhibits of the Department of State provides a vehi States information service the facts this country. I say that for the reason cle for presenting democratic ideas over about America and the American way that it only occurred to me as I looked seas and combatting the misrepresenta of· life reach into the countries behind at some of them that my district has the tions of the United States so prevalent the so-called iron curtain, giving sup honor of having located in it the Car abroad. I believe it is most important port and nurture to the idea of repre negie Institute, and.that there for many, to this country that we maintain a vigor sentative self-governJDent. We must al many years we have held national ex ous foreign information program, and I ways remember the potency of an idea. hibitions of art, as well as international hope that Congress will pass the bill You cannot prevent people from think exhibitions, and within the past 15 or 20 recently introduced by the gentleman of ing by bayonets. Keep the idea of free years I would say that at least three- South Dakota [Mr. MUNDT], giving basic dom aliv€, and it may well be that in . fourths of the time the paintings that authority for the Department's foreign the long run the peoples now exposed won first prize were what is called ab information activities, and I hope also to totalitarianism, terrorization, and stract painting. that Congress will make available ade communistic propaganda will halt the I know that I have never understood quate appropriations for this important tide of communism and enable freemen them, nor really appreciate their art work. I realize that the appropriation to move forward as the basis of a new istry. I believe that if it were left to the in this bill for this specific activity is and peaceful world order. votes of the gener~l public that the perhaps subject to a point of order be We need friends abroad, and to win paintings awarded first prize, and which cause it is unauthorized and might be friends, it is essential that our policies be were selected by the board of artists who considered as legislation on an appro understood and fully known to the peo make the awards, would never have won priation bill. ples of the world. We must be strong, first prize. Recently some of us returned from the with a stable economy, and the world So, I suggest to you Members here to Near East, where we attended a meeting must know that we are strong, with a day not to let the exhibitions of these of the Interparliamentary Union at sound economy, and not on the verge of paintings sway you in your judgment. Cairo, Egypt. In Turkey and Greece we an economic crash as hinted by the Mos Do not let it sway you in making up your found that the Voice of America is com cow propaganda. mind as to whether or not this program ing through and reaching many people. The information program is really part being carried on by the Secretary of If the · Voice of America is stilled, and of our defense program, for one of its State is a good program or in the inter other activities of the United States In ests of the United States. formation Service terminated, we would principal missions is to overcome the mis I know ttiat every time in the last 5 have no effective way of combatting the representations and correct the distor years that first prize was awarded in an wave of misrepresentation of the United tions that are one of the factors that may art exhibition at Carnegie Institute in States daily beamed to these and neigh lead to another war. And another global Pittsburgh practically every newspaper boring countries by Radio Mos.cow. We war will spell the death of our modern ridiculed the selection, ridiculed the wouid be playing a game with two strikes civilization. award, and asked, in effect, "Who knows already called against us. Short-wave radio is an effective in what this means?" "Is it art, and if it As Ann O'Hare McCormick pointed out strument for reaching foreign peoples. is art, I assume we do not know anything in a recent editorial article in the New It can reach illiterate people, and no cen about art." York Times, the national interest re sorship in the receiving country can Even columnists who are nationally quires that the Voice of America be heard distort or suppress its message. Outside known, take it as their theme that we where at present it cannot be heard. the United States. it is estb:iiated that had better ·give up on the :mbject of In the World as it is, a world of competi there are 20,000,000 radto sets capable of art; that the 'general public does not tive systems and competitive propaganda, the receiving .shortw_ave programs. lt is . es- k~ow _what ar~ is. ·. So I am jump~ng at XCIII-334 5290 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D._HOUSE MAY.· l4 the conclusion that perhaps every one ing H. R: 3342 which proposes by cannot refrain at· this time from ex of these paintings that w·ere shown to specific legislation to authorize not only pressing my opinion upon this very im the membership this morning were the broadcasting of such information to portant piece of legislation. paintings that had received either hon other nations but a ·program of cultural We have lately concluded hostilities orable mention, or a :first prize, or other and educational interchange as· well. engaged in by more than 10,000,000 of prize in an exhibition. The bill will ·undoubtedly be revised as our young men and young women. Many I join in everything tnat the gentle;. the hearings and the' debate show need of those young men who sw·vived that man from Missouri [Mr. SHoRT] said, for revision but the essential idea· is struggle sit before me in this House to particularly when he called attention to there. The important point now, how day. We are now engaged in a great the fact that we should not use ridicule ever_, is that the failure tQ appropriate struggle to win to our concept of gov or levity in order to arrive at a, just and for the Voice of· America broadcasting ernment the peoples of the earth, be fair conclusion on this subject of an in activities in this bill should not be con cause the future peace is bound up in formation program by the Department sidered anywhere as an abandonment of the success or failure of the United Na of State. the basic American program for letting tions. ·Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Chairman, will other nations know how we live, what we I am disturbed about the lack of an the gentleman yield? think, and what are our intentions. appropriation for the State Department Mr. EBERHARTER. I yield. Such a program is a basic function of Information Service. Mr. JARMAN. In other words, if I our foreign policy; for what is foreign · In these days, following the close of understand the gentleman correctly, he policy if not a combination of men's the shooting period of war, we look hope means to indicate that he is not a con hopes, aspirations, fears, and prejudices. fully toward a just and lasting peace. noisseur of art. Is it not true that the very thing we com The whole world does. Many want peace ' Mr. EBERHARTER. - That is correct. plain about now is lack of information the easy way. They want to shun self Mr. JARMAN. But tha~ he doubts in foreign countries about why we in denial and to· run away from the hard seriously whether the gentleman from the United States are spending enormous ships incident to obtaining peace. In Ohio [Mr. BROWN] and other Members sums of money to help the world to re our urge to forget the blood and tears of this body, are any more connoisseurs construct itself? The peoples of the of war and to return· to. the pursuits of than he is? I thoroughly agree with him world want to know whether this is co peace in which we engaged before the if that is his position. operation in reconstruction or some new war, we often lose sight of the fact that Mr. EBERHARTER. The gentleman form· of imperialism. Only information we have .invested at least $300,000,000,- is absolutely correct. - I just hope that about ourselves will put down rumor and 000 in this war' and the peace which we a view of these reproductions. will not misrepresentation about our motives. hope will follow it. A considerable sum have any effect in arriving at the proper Stories about the aggressive intentions of money, to say the least. This vast conclusion. of the United States, or its dollar diplo sum of money is a minor item, however, Mr. CHELF. Mr. ~hairman , will the macy, will be found to have no validity when compared to the thousands_of our gentleman yield? by peoples who are given the facts about finest young men and young women who Mr. EBERHARTER. I yield. the United States. Even an e:Xp(mditure lost their lives· in this war. There are Mr. CHELF. I sincerely believe that if of $30,000,000' for such a program if it is also the· countless -thousands returned Members of Congress and the American found to cost that much to do the job to us broken in body and mind who are people as a whole throughout this coun right, should be 'found justified on the in our hospitals all over the world-vic try cannot understand these pictures, facts, for it is only one-third of 1 percent tims of the fight to bring peace to the that most certainly they ought not to of the minimum amount of $10,000,000,- world. . · · be sent overseas 000 we are estimated to have invested in America must be strong physically Mr. FBERHARTER. I do not know world reconstruction since VJ-day. An and spiritually to be able to help finish how any board would select the pictures appropriation only for institutional ad the work which these, our gallant sons to be used, but I do not know of any bet vertising by any company in that per and brave daughters, have begun at so ter group to select than the board se centage would be considered very great a sacrifice. We cannot do it by lected by the Carnegie Institute of Art. modest. We have specifically written . running from the issues. We cannot do I do not think we should leave it to any into the foreign relief bill the other day it by dodging the responsibility. lay group or to Members of Congress and the Greek-Turkish aid bill passed We are not a warlike people. This or any other such group. I do not see last Friday, provisions ·that rep.resenta makes it hard for us to keep prepared how we might do anything bet'ter than tives of our press, radio, and- movies shall for peace. The realization that we must to select pictures that had won approval freely circulate in the benefited coun be strong for peace as well as for war is and prizes. tries. We want to know a lot about hard for the average American. The one Mr. CHELF. If any pictures are sent them. Is it not just as sure that we want necessity tends to confuse the other ne abroad, we shoul~ see to it that they them to know a lot about us? I agree cessity in our_concept of duty. represent the American home or family that such a program must be dignified, During these unsettled days before the life. Not some silly thing that resem factual, and truly representative of the treaties of peace are signed_; before the bles the north er.. d of a south-bound best in our country. But we are the lead United Nations, now in its infancy, has freight train which . inadvertent! ~ is ers of the world in the techniques of tell grown strong enough to keep the peace, headed west. ing a business story. It is high time we it is necessary tnat we remain strong. Mr. EBERHARTER. Probably there became leaders of the world in telling We are a friendly nation and a generous would be more disagreement about that our economic, political, and social story. people. We desire no advantage. Our than there is about these. I fail to comprehend the limited view hope is that the nations of the world The C'HAffiMAN. The time of the which would vote hundreds of millions will learn to live together as good neigh gentleman from Pennsylvania has ex for relief and foreign assistance and stop bors. Nothing, therefore, can be a great pired. at voting a few millions for the right er force for peace than a strong America, Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, I ask kind of a program to tell what we are spiritually sensitive to justice. - unanimous consent to extend my re doing and why. For the lack of these My belief is that the first line of de marks at this point in the RECORD. few milJions the world and ourselves fense for peace in America is the com The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection could easily lose the benefit of all the posite will of the American people to see to the request of the gentleman from hundreds of millions. The bill for a the United Nations succeed. To do that New York? foreign information program will come with the ~arne unselfish spirit which we There was no objection. before the House in due course and I manifested during the war; it is essen Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, the omis trust that it will be well received and tial that we have unity at home; that ,sion from this appropriation bill of passed, for that and that alone can be the we be determined that all the suffering money for continuing the Department's justification for leaving out the appro and heartache of this war were not en- information program should not be priation now. dured in vain. ' taken to mean that we are abandoning Mr. TRIMBLE. Mr. Chairman, I move The second line of defense is our armed the program of broadcasting informa t() strike out the last three words. services. We must have an Army, a tion about the United States to the na Mr. Chairman, I have listened with a Navy, and an Air Force strong enough tions of the world. There is now pend- great deal of interest to this debate. I to make our presence felt wherever our 1947 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSEI 5291 word is given in a world struggling for derstand that we, in America, long for bill itself. I am sure there will be plenty peace. Our armed services must be arms peace above everything in the world; of opportunity for every Member to speak of justice and decency and freedom for that we have neither the desire nor the under the 5-minute rule. all peoples and not for conquest, as they intent to try to impose our ideology of I ask unanimous consent that all de have always been in the past. government upon anyone on this earth; bate on the enacting paragraph do now Our third line of nation·al defense is a that it is our ideal of government that the close and that we start reading the bill. strong domestic economy. Right now we lowliest citizen has the same rights as The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to are having difficulties, including strife the most powerful; that a man can wor the request of the gentleman from Ne between labor and management, high ship God in the manner which pleases braska? prices, shortages, taxes, debt reduction, him; that he can get up anywhere at any There was no objection. and all the myriad problems of our daily time and criticize his public officials from The Clerk read as follows: living. the President of the United States down Fourth in our line of defense is rarely to a constable in the smallest township. TITLE I-DEPARTMENT OF STATE mentioned in that connection, and it is He can do this and have no fear that he OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE the one that I wish to stress today. . will be stood up against a wall and shot Salaries and expenses, Department of State: I refer to the request of the State De for doing it or of even being punished at For necessary expenses, including personal services in the District of Columbia; salary partment for funds to permit that De all; that his son or daughter, born and of the Under Secretary of State, $12,000; partment to engage in selling \merica reared in the most humble of circum health service program as authorized by the to the world in those places where our stances, can become the President of a act of August 8, 1946 (Public Law 658); not to privately owned press, publications, and great university, the head of a great exceed $26,000 for expenses of attendance radio cannot go and do not go. hospital, the pastor of the greatest at meetings (!oncerned with the work of the All over this land chambers of com church, or even the President of his Department of State; purchase of uniforms merce are busy day and night selling to country. Yes; when people all over the for chauffeurs; purchase of 14 passenger mo their neighboring communit:_es and to tor vehicles, including 1 at not to exceed world understand what our heart is and $3,000; and dues for library membership in the world at large those things which set what our soul is, then we will be far societies or associations which issue publi these particular communities apart as nearer to a just and lasting peace; cations to members only, or at a price to special attractions to the home seeker, Often the news from this country is members lower than to subscribers who are the industries seeking locations for plants, distorted as it reache~ other lands. not members, newspapers, teletype rentals, and as places of rest and recreation for Where :~ations are in strife economi and tolls (not to exceed $15,000); rental of people on tour. Millions of dollars are cally or in war, the news is often colored tie lines; stenographic report_ing and trans spent this way each year in the United .to 'fit the pleasure of the one sending lating services by contract and services for States selling good will. , the analysis and tabulation of technical in- -it or disseminating it. The opposition formation and tbe preparation of special The United States today is the lead -pounces upon the mistakes which have maps, globes, and geographic aids by con ing country in the world in its "freedom, been made and magnifies th.::m and never tract, all without regard to section 3709 of its culture, its industry, and its religion. mentions the good which may have been the Revised Statutes, as amended; expenses We must keep that leadership. Develop done. Statements are studied and selec as authorized by title VII (except sec. 705), ments in radio and air transportation tions from the statements are taken of the Foreign Service Act of 1 946; refund have made us next-door neighbors to which are least favorable. They are of fees erroneously charged and paid for the every other place on earth. We are pulled from the context· and told as the issue of passports as authorized by law (22 only 60 hours away from the farthest - truth. This happens, unfortunately, U. S. C. 214a); not to exceed $40,00(} for de part of the globe in travel and only an among nations and is not conducive to posit in the general fund of the Treasury instant away by radio. for cost of penalty mail of the Department better understanding. of State as required by the act of June ~ 28, It is not enough that we be strong What we are endeavoring to do is to 1944; the examination of estimates of appro physically. As I have said, we must be get the truth across firmly but in friend priations in the· field; and maintenance and strong spiritually. We must have an ship. operation of passport and despatch agencies abiding .belief in the concept of the - When some other nation misunder established by the Secretary of State; $20, brotherhood of all mankind;·to.be aware stands an act of one of our citizens and ·000,000, of which $2,000 is for claims deter- of the hunger and heartache of our erroneously jumps to the conclusion that -mined and settled pursuant to part 2 of the brothers in all places. If we have that Federal Tort Claims Act (act of _August 2, his acts- and statements represent the 1946, Public Law 601): Provided, That not to spirit, then we will want to tell our story thought and will of America, we must to the world and we will tell it with our exceed $3,000 of this appropriation may be combat that with the most powerful expended for necessary expen&es, except per heart in it. weapon we have-the truth. sonal services, in carrying out the provisions Unfortunately, selfishness still plays ·a What we want the world to know is of section 4 of the act entitled "An act to big role in world affairs. We, ourselves, that here in America we are a country of amend the Tariff Act of 1930," approved June do not have entirely clean hands on that divergent interests yet withal we are one 12, 1934, as amended (19 U.S. C. 1354). score. As a result, misunderstandings of the other. The mills of the North and and jealousies have arisen between neigh Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, I offer an th~ East, the grain of the great Midwest, bors, and in some places our story is not amendment. the cotton of the South, the cattle ranges The Clerk read as follows: told nor is it received. America must of the West and Southwest, the booming accept that challenge in its true sense Amendment offered by Mr. GARY: Page 2, of good will and tell her story in its full new industry of the Pacific coast, are all line 18, after the semicolon insert "acquisi light wherever there are people to re part of this great land; labor, and man tion, production, and free distribution of in ceive it-by press, by radio, by messenger. agement, and Agriculture dependent formational materials for use in connection When people know all the facts they can upon each other to such a degree that the with the operation, independently or economic illness of the one affects vitally through individuals, including aliens, or be trusted to solve the most difficult the other two. Our churches, our public or private agencies (foreign or do problems. Let us · give the State De schools, our hospitals, are all monuments mestic), and without regard to section 3709 partment the funds needed to carry on of the Revised Statutes, of an information this work in conjunction with the press to the free expression given to the every day, average American. It is America. program outside of the continental United and radio of our country. The State States, including the purchase of radio ti e Department must go where private means This one ideal must exist throughout (except that funds herein appropriated shall of communication cannot go because of the world. Otherwise, from generation not be used to purchase more than 75 per the cost involved and consequent loss to to generation, the youth of our country cent of the effective daily broadcasting time private enterprise in the effort. No will be called upon to go forth to fight to from any person or corporation holding an greater defense from war nor a greater preserve this democracy. And that be international short-wave broadcasting li force for peace can be developed than a cause those of us before them failed in cense from tbe Federal Communications our duty and ran from our responsibility. Commission without the consent of such complete understanding of one another's licensee), and the purchase,· rental, con problems--and that understanding can Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, we have struction, improvement, maintenance, and never be had without the people of the been quite liberal in the matter of time operation of fac1lities for radio transmission world having the full and complete truth. for general debate. So far we have and reception, the acquisition of land and If we can get our story told, the most merely read the enacting clause of the interests in land (by purchase. lease, rental, doubting neighbors will completely un- bill. We have not started reading the or otherwise) for radio brm:dcasting and 5292 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-HOUSE MAY 14 relay facilities, and the acquisition or con a better qualified agency to interpret The $21,874,000 has been ruled out on struction of buildings and necessary improve America to the rest of the world. a point of order. I seek by this amend ments on such lands; purchase and presenta tion of various objects of a cultural nature We have heard a lot of criticism of this ment to restore $10,000,000 of those suitable for presentation (through diplo program. The Wallace program was funds, $5,000,000 for the regular activi matic and consular offices) to foreign gov mentioned on the floor a few moments ties of the Department and $5,000,000- for ernments, schools, or other cultural or pa ago. I hold in my hand a copy of the those activities within the Office of In triotic organizations, the purchase, rental, Wallace broadcast that was sent over the formation and Cultural Affairs which are distribution, and operations of motion-pic Voice of America. I challenge any one authorized by law. ture projection equipment and supplies, in in this House to point out any place in There are certain activities which are cluding rental of halls, hire of motion-pic ture projector operators, and all other neces this broadcast where Henry Wallace is definitely authorized by law. One of sary services by contract or otherwise with praised. As a matter of fact, it is a re those is the Interdepartmental Commit out regard to section 3709 of the Revised view of a book on the Wallace family, a tee on Scientific and Cultural Coopera statutes; not to exceed $13,000 for entertain family which for a long time adhered to tion, which is a definite program of the ment." the Republican Party. Now, here is Department of State and is carried on by Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I make a what the broadcast said: · this office. Another is the UNESCO staff point of order against the amendment. Through the history of this family there itself. In other words, we have recog runs, like a red thread, the eternal struggle nized the international organization of The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will for an improvement of the situation of the UNESCO, and we have placed in the state his point of order. American farmer. · Whenever the members State Department and in the Office of Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I make of this family turned to agriculture and its Information and Cultural Affairs the the point of order this is not authorized problems, their achievements were consider necessc..ry funds for the State Depart by law and it is legislation on an appro able. When they turned to other problems, the success was dubious. ment to cooperate with that organiza priation bill. tion in an effort to work out its program. Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, "'tlay I ask I know of no program which has been That amount is $157,000. In addition, we that the gentleman reserve his point of more abused than this program which have the Division of Libraries and Ipsti order? has been conducted by the Information tutes, which is authorized by law, and the M.t. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I reserve and Cultural Service. Exchange of Persons Division, which pro the point of order so that the gentleman Gentlemen, we should not junk this vides for the exchange of students and may be heard. program at this time, over the protest of technicians between ·the various coun Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, the pur General Marshall, and over the protest tries. pose of this amendment is to restore the of other men who are serving this coun information and cultural program to this The amendment which I have offered bill. . try in foreign fields. Secretary Harri will merely restore to the Office of the man has said, "I could not properly have Secretary the amount he requested of May I say that if the information and discharged my Q.uties either at Moscow Congress and which he .:aid is essential cultural program is one-tenth as effec or in London without it." to carry out the functions of his office. tive abroad as it has been in this coun The CHAIRMAN. The time of the It also restores the cuts in the intelli try, it is worth 10 times the amount that gentleman from Virginia has expired. gence program, a very essential program, we spent or will spend for it. In this Does the gentleman from Nebraska and those portions of the information country it has the distinguished chair wish to be heard further on the point of and cultural program which are author man of the Appropriations Committee, order? ized by law. the gentleman from New York [Mr. Mr. STEFAN. I make the point of Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise in TABER], chasing the Circus Lady and order, Mr. Chairman. the sedate chairman of our subcommit opposition to the- amendment. tee reading the Memoirs of Hecate The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle Mr. Chairman, the amendment seeks man from Virginia desire to be heard on to restore the OIC, which was taken out County. the point of order? of this bill on a point of order. The Now let me read to you what the com Mr: GARY. I do not, Mr. Chairman. Committee on Foreign Affairs is holding mittee offers as .an alternative program The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is pre to the present information and cultural hearings a£· this time to get some legis program of the State Department. On pared to rule. It is the opinion of the lation to restore this program. Chair that the amendment does propose We have to start cutting down some of page 7 of the committee report there legislation on an appropriation bill, the appears this language: the expenses of government. The peo functions therein referred to not being ple have been asking us to do it. It is The alternatives to this program, it would authorized by law. . seem, are (a) UNESCO, a United Nations necessary. Let me point out to the Con undertaking and in which a tremendous in The point of order is sustained. gress the statement regarding_the growth terest is developing, and which, as estab Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, I offer an of the Department of State and the num lished, will truly represent the views of amendment. ber of employees. We state in our re American people. The Clerk read as follows: port that the salaries and expenses I have no disposition whatever to Amendment offered by Mr. GARY : On page totaled $2,728,347 in 1940. They jumped 3, line 1, strike out "$20,000,000" and insert to $3,453,000 in 1941. In 1942 they criticize UNESCO. To the contrary, I . $30,000,000." hope . that it will accomplish the pur jumped to C4,377,105, and in 1943 the poses for which it was organized. But Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, the pur salaries jumped to $5,986,800, and even let me read you what the same commit pose of this amendment is this: On yes up to something over $13,000,000 in 1946. tee in the same report on page 12 has terday I called the attention of the House With a total of personnel running from to say about UNESCO: to the fact that not only had we elimi 1,010 in 1940 to 5,270 at the present time, and proposed for 1948, excluding person The committee could not understand why, nated the program of the Information out of the total of 132 executive personnel and Cultural Service from the bill but in nel for the information and intelligence already employed by UNESCO, only 14 are the office of the Secretary of the Depart programs, it is extremely difficult for this from the United States, and out of a total ment of State we had tremendously re committee, during this period of need Qt 259 clerical personnel only 7 are from the duced the regular appropriation. The for economy and when the people are United States. It is hoped, however, when Secretary of State under the item of asking for economy, to reconcile itself this Organization is more firmly established, salaries and expenses in the Secretary's to a need in excess of $18,000,000 for the that a proper ratio of personnel from the regular activities. This amount is in United States will be employed. office and for the work in this country asked for $47,046,000. This amount was cluded in the bill. The committee recommends as an reduced to $20,000,000, which was a re The increase in salaries for the For alternative for the Voice of America that duction of $27,000,000. Of that $27,000,- eign Service under the act that was we turn this program over to UNESCO, 000, $21,874,000 was for the Information passed by the House places a burden of and in the same breath complains that and Cultural Service. One million seven $7,000,000 annually on the backs of the UNESCO at the present time has a per hundred and sixty-nine thousand dol taxpayers. sonnel recruited almost entirely from lars was for the Intelligence Service, and Mr. Chairman and members of the other countries. I submit that the De the balance was for the regular activities Committee, I urge you to vote down this partment of State is the more logical and of the Department. amendment. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5293 The CHAIRMAN. The question is on diligence on the part of the members This money for what is called repre the amendment offered by the gentle of the committees of Congress, and he sentation is spent for liquor. I will say man from Virginia [Mr. GARY]. said, "None whatsoever." that probably 90 percent of this money The amendment was rejected. There, then, you have the answer · to goes for liquor. Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I move such things as a 2-inch headline that has Mr. MASON. What? to strike out the last two wonts. been appearing in the Boston newspapers Mr. REES. Yes; liquor of various I trust the Committee will indulge me that through lack of action on the part kinds. "Representation" is a high-pow for a moment, and, if necessary, for the of Congress, hundreds of veterans and ered phrase, but the money buys high purpose of being in order under the rules substitute clerks and carriers have been powered liquor; and it is used by our of the House, I shall have to address my dismissed from the rolls. There you have representatives to entertain foreigners remarks to the last two words in line the answer to the headlines that ap abroad. Also, in some instances, to en 21 on page 2; namely, ~he words "penalty peared in the Long Beach newspapers tertain themselves. mail." It has no doubt come to the at and in other sections of the country as As I said on yesterday in discussing this tention of the House that through edi to whether or not the Congress has been matter, we fall to a pretty low ebb in our torials and circulars and stat~ments by at fault in bringing about the dismissal diplomacy when we resort to this method postmasters and by protests from home of literally hundreds of people. The neg in order to get along with, and cultivate that through the alleged action of the ligence has been somewhere else besides friendships with; the representatives of Congress a great many substitute clerks Congress. other countries. and carriers have been dismissed from In addition thereto I might say a great Here is what has happened: In 1938 the postal service. It has been made to deal of confusion arises from the fact we spent about $125,000 for this purpose; appear that this is due to some lack of that while we are dealing with 1948 esti in 1939, about the same amount. Then action on the part of the Congress. We mates, that matter should have been the allowance was doubled and we spent have noticed some headlines in aggra taken care of before now in a deficiency $250,000. vated areas, such as Boston, where hun estimate that is chargeable to 1947 ap Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, will dreds have been dismissed, and in Long propriations, and for reasons best known the gentleman yield? Beach., Calif., where an aggregate of 150 to the Post Office Department, to the Mr. REES. I yield to the distinguished were dismissed. The Subcommittee on Budget Bureau, and to the President him gentleman from New York. Appropriations convened a hearing this self, that was not done. Mr. ROONEY. The gentleman said, morning for the purpose of isolating The CHAIRMAN. The time of the "The same amount." He does not mean 'rumor and confusion from the truth so gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN] the same amount of liquor, does he? that the country might well know just has expired. Mr. REES. No; I do not know how exactly what happened. Copies of these The Clerk read as "follows: much liquor was bought; I am talking hearings will be published and made about the amount of money they spent. Representation allowances, Foreign Serv available to the Members in short order. ice: For representation allowances as au We do not know how much liquor was There you will find a statement by Mr. thorized by section 901 (3) of the Foreign purchased because the thing is covered Jesse Donaldson, First Assistant Post Service Act of 1946 (Public Law 724), $500,000. up. The gentleman from Ne~· York and master General, as to exactly what the I discussed this matter on yesterday. I facts are. It was through no laches on Mr. REES. Mr. Chairman, I offer an thought he might have access to rather the part of Congress and through no amendment. accurate figures as to the amount of negligence on the part of any committee The Clerk read as follows: money spent for liquor, but it seems you of the Congress that these sundry gen Amendment oft'ered by Mr. REEs: On page cannot do it because these vouchers are tlemen, including a great many veterans, 7, line 21, strike out "$500,000" and insert regarded as confidential information and have been dismissed from the rolls. The "$250,000." we just cannot find out. I will venture fact of the matter is that the Post Office Mr. REES. Mr. Chairman, I am of · the statement, how·ever....;_from the in Department knew there was going to be fering an amendment to strike out the. formation I have gathered-that at a deficit for the current fiscal year as :ltem of $500,000 for so-called represen least 90 percent of the fund is spent for early as January 1947. T6 be sure, they tation and to insert in lieu thereof $250,- liquor. could not ascertain the amount of the 000. What we ought to do is to strike Mr. MASON. Mr. Chairman, will the deficit, because the postmasters make out the entire item of $500,000. I trust, gentleman yield? only quarterly reports. Yet Mr. Donald however, the Committee will go along Mr. REES. I yield to the distinguished son told us this morning in the hearing with me and save at least $250,000 of gentleman from Dlinois. that it was obvious to them that a defi the taxpayers' money that ought not to Mr. MASON. There is a question of ciency of at least $10,000,000 would exist be spent for such purpose. There is no consistency which bothers me. This as a result of the increased cost of Christ good reason at all why this Item should House only a day or so ago voted $5,000 mas mail and various strikes along the be in the bill. 1 to entertain the WCTU here in Wash seaboard and the maritime strike, but I do want , to pay tribute to the dis ington. Today it is called upon to spend they could not ascertain the dollar tinguished chairman of the subcommit $500,000 to buy liquor for entertainment. amount of 'that deficiency until the quar tee, the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. Mr. REES. It is sort of blowing hot terly reports had been filed. Just as soon STEFAN], who has given this bill and this and cold with the same breath in my as those had been compiled, an estimate particular item a good deal of attention, estimation except that this item is 100 was referred to the Bureau of the not only on this but on other occasions. times the amount allocated the WCTU. Budget. They had a hearing before the They will, in my opinion, do more good Budget Bureau on the 21st day of April The State Department, through its with $5,000 than the State Department 1947. I want you to anchor that date representatives, asked for more than · with the $500,000. in your memory. The Budget Bureau $1,000,000 for this representation. Just Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, will sent up a deficiency estimate on the 9th think of it. You would not believe such the gentleman yield? day of May 1947, which was Friday of request would be made right now when Mr. REES. I will be glad to yield to last week-a deficiency estimate in the we are trying to economize. The com the gentleman from New York, a mem sum of roughly $11,000,000 for the pur mittee did a good job in cutting it to ber of the committee. pose of taking care of the salaries and $500,000, but it ought at least be cut in Mr. ROONEY. Is it not the gentle expenses of the hundreds of veterans half again. man's position that in order to do away and others who have been dismissed from Mr. MASON. Mr. Chairman, will the with li<1uor that might be served with the rolls in every section of the ceuntry. gentleman yield? the meals that we should also do away So that estimate came up on last Satur Mr. REES. I yield to my distinguished with the meals? day and in consequence there has been friend from Illinois. Mr. REES. Not necessarily. Let me no opportunity for the Congress of the Mr. MASON. What is this "represen come t..· that. United States to take action thereon. tation"? I do not know what that word Mr. O'KONSKI. The liquor costs We confronted Mr. Donaldson point means. more than the meals, does it not? blank with the question whether or not Mr. REES. That is just what I was Mr. REES. It would be interesting to there had been any fault or any lack of about to explain to the Members. get figures as to how much is spent on 5294 CONGRESSIONA.L RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 meals. The meals cost $5, $7, $9, and because I think the committee has done and this representation allQwance is even $12 apiece. This money is spent by a pretty good job in reducing this $618,- something that -has· to be· appropriated our representatives not only to entertain 000. With reference to Tito, there has for from year to year, but it must be a foreigners but to entertain themselves been premature publicity regarding that. modest sum. I have great faith in Gen and their friends. Mr. REES. I saw some publicity on it eral Marshall. I.haye great faith in men The CHAIRMAN. The time of the and for that reason I am asking the gen like the Under Secretary and others who gentleman from Kansas -has expired. tleman to explain this matter to this are watching this fund, and we have to Mr. REES. Mr. Chairman, I ask committee. give General Marshall a chance to clean unanimous consent to proceed for five Mr. STEFAN. It has been published this up. I want a good State Depart additional minutes. but I did not give permission to publish ment and a fine Foreign Service Depart The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection it. It was the premature publication of ment, and so does every member of this to the request of the gentleman from some information I had.- It is true that committee. We may have political dif Kansas? some of this money has been spent un ferences among us, but they are not dis There was no objection. wisely and for that reason the committee played i:t:t committee. Sometimes on the Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, will made these-cuts. :floor of the House it does creep up. As the gentleman yield brieft.y? Directly answering the gentleman's I say, we have to have a good Foreign Mr. REES. I am glad to yield to the question, I feel very deeply about spend Service and a good State Department. gentleman from Michigan who has al ing the American taxpayers' money to But, we have to have authority in law ways supported me on similar amend entertain a dictator like Tito and. his for everything that is done, and it must ments. Communists who murdered our heroic not be done without the consent of the Mr. HOFFMAN. I just wondered, fol aviators. I think I am duty bound to peoples' Representatives here in Con lowing up the statement of the gentle answer the gentleman's question.. It is gress. I oppose the gentleman's amend man from New York, about doing away true that before Tito and his Commu ment, I am sorry. with the meals, that if you gave them nists murdered our five aviators they did Mr. REES. I appreciate the gentle enough liquor they would not care any entertain Marshal Tito and his friends man's position. He is here on the :floor thing about the meal they got. with the American taxpayers' money at and expected to defend this particular Mr. RE;ES. Mr. Chairman, I just do a dinner costing $600. Shortly after item, and I appreciate his statement. not believe the members of this commit that they entertained him again with But, 'here is a fair certainty I do not tee understand that our representatives your money at a dinner costing $400 or castigate the services of our representa abroad receive pretty fair pay. The dis more. tives abroad. Not at all. They have ren tinguished chairman of the subcommit Mr. REES. A total of more than dered impressive service. But that does tee called attention yesterday to the fact $1,000 for a party given in honor of not justify the waste of taxpayers' that many of them get as much as $50,- Marshal Tito. . money in this way. · The. .. gentleman 000 a year. As a matter of fact, all one Mr. STEFAN. There were other en from ' Nebraska has given a glaring of these representatives has to do is pack tertainments· and then they shot down example where more· than $1,000 was his suitcase. Everything else is fixed for 5 of our aviators. They were continu spent in Belgrade for two dinners to en him abroad. His home is there ready for ally entertaining Marshal Tito with their tertain Marshal Tito. How our repre him and for his family, with · aJl of the representation allowance, which· is, in sentative could do· it ·in view of the cir equipment and all of the help necessary fact, a prestige allowance. I acciden cumstances just recited _by the gentle to run it, everything he wants for him tally ran across some vouchers. I did man from Nebraska i-s . more· than I can self and family all paid for by his Gov not look for them purposely, I did not understand. · .· .... ernment. T do not criticize that in this look fo~ this information on pm·pose, The -CHAIRMAN. The. time of the discussion. If the repre·sentative hap but I did find an item for a wreath for gentleman -from Ka~sas has again _ex pens to be located in a warm climate and the victims of this so-called air accident pired. is transferred to a ·colder- climate the .in the amount of $13.40. Shame on Mr. ROONEY. - Mr. Chairman, I ask Government will care for him and his · them. Of course . this committee, the unanimous consent the gentleman be family and see that they get the proper minority members as well as the ma permitted to proceed for two a'dditional accessories to go with the colder climate. jority members, was shocked. minutes. And yet in addition to that you put this The CHAffiMAN. The time of the The CHAIRMAN. Is there. objection additional sum in here to be used for so gentleman from Kansas has expired. to the request of the gentleman from called entertainment. It does not make Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask New York? sense. unanimous consent that the gentleman There was no objection. I do not know whether the member may have three additional miputes. Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, will ship realizes it or not, but under suspen The CHAffiMAN. . Is there ·objection the gentleman yield? sion of the rules last year we added to the request of the gentleman from Mr. REES. I yield to the gentleman $7,000,000 in funds to provide for these New York? from New York. representatives we are sending abroad. There was no objection. Mr. ROONEY. I wish to say to the It was for additional salaries and ex Mr. STEFAN. Of course, the distin gentleman from Kansas that I fully penses. You come to the House with guished ranking minority· Member [Mr. agree with my distinguished chairman, this item of a half-million dollars, which RooNEY], the distinguished gentleman the gentleman from Nebraska. As far is all unnecessary and uncalled for. from Virginia [Mr. GARY], and the dis as I am concetmid, I would not buy a I would like to call attention to some tinguished gentleman from Illinois [Mr. glass of water for Marshal Tito. How thing else. I believe I am right in this, O'BRIEN], and the rest of us took ever, insofar as this item now m1der and I shall ask the chairman of the sub cognizance of this terrible thing. Of discussion is concerned, I would like to committee, the gentleman from Ne course, we took cognizance of the wrongs say to the gentleman that I recall re braska, if he wants to tell me. I want to they do with their money sometimes, but cently having had a conversation with refer as to how some of this money was we do not want to castigate the fine For Secretary of Commerce Harriman who spent over in Yugoslavia. I understand eign Service officers who are in our em told me that when he was Ambassador they have even gone so far as to use ploy, and who cannot be blamed for some to Great Britain, in London, he had a similar funds to entertain General Tito of the wrongs t-9at some of these people luncheon, which was expected of him over there, spending a considerable do. We have been giving representation because· of the fact that all of the Em amount of money entertaining him and allowance to our Foreign Service officers bassies in London representing the vari in entertaining him I am sure there was ever since we sent our first missions to ous countries served a luncheon at some a goodly supply of liquor. Surely no one foreign countries to represent us. It is time or other during the year. This one thinks any good was accomplished by absolutely necessary, and I want to pay social event at which about 1,200 people that entertainment. - May I ask the gen a tribute to those Foreign Service of attended more than ate up the entire tleman from Nebraska if he wants to fleers who have· been · decorated during annual allocation of funds to· our Em comment on that? I think he might be the war and who rendered such a won· bassy in London for the purpose which able to furnish some information. derful service to the United States in we are now discussing. Mr. STEFAN. Of course; I am going every part of the world. There are many Mr. REES. I rea1ize these representa to oppose the gentleman's amendment fine Foreign Service officers among them, tives are called upon to do a consider- 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5295 able amount ·of entertaining, but it is own country where we can do a real serv Mr. REES. I feel the gentleman has terribly overdone. And the liquor part ice in the expense of this saving of $250,- done a splendid job in cutting from over of the thing is beyond all reason. If 000. Why· not vote now against this $1,000,000· to $500,000, but to me it is you have $500,000 to be used to cultivate waste? perfectly silly that anybody would ever friendship with foreign people, you will Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise have the nerve to come in and ask for go a lot further in creating understand in opposition to the amendment. this money. I will warrant that Gen ing by using it to buy food for some of Mr. Chairman, I call the attention of eral Marshall did not come before the the hundreds of thousands of human the Committee to the fact that we cut gentleman's committee and ask for this beings who are on the brink of starva this representation allowance from $1,000,000. He did not ask for $500,- tion. Last year this committee allocated $1,118,000 to $500,000, which compares 000. He did not even ask for $250,000. more than $600,000, most of which went with $800,000 they had last year. It is Some representative of the State De for liquor. I just do not believe we can my sincere feeling that General Mar partment must have come down here to point with pride of any accomplishments shall, the head of the Department of take care of this allowance, and I will in the way of mutual understanding by State, and the Assistant Secretary for warrant that even though I was not pres reason of that expenditure. If you can Administration and others are now go ent, that I am sure is the way it hap see anything worth while that was done ing into these matters. The Foreign poned. It was not any of the top-flight in this respect~ I would like to know Service, from what has been said on the men who came and asked for this money, about it. Cut this item $250,000 and you floor of the House today, should know are still spending about as much as was you can be sure of that. that the funds we are all()wing today Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I wish spent in 1942 and in 1943 before the State should be used for the purpose originally Department went on this spending spree. to call to the attention of the Members intended; that is, as a prestige allowance, that the hearings on Department of Before ·I leave the floor I call your which has been in the foreign service of attention briefly to a copy of a magazine State appropriations are available to all all governments since we have had a the Members of Congress, and the hear that was handed me a few minutes ago. mission in foreign countries. I hope the It is entitled the American Foreign Serv ings are complete insofar a_s the repre amendment will be defeated. sentation allowances are concerned. ice Journal. It is a monthly magazine Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, will the published here in Washington. I -am Mr. REES. The hearings are avail gentleman yield?- able, but the items for which this money informed that the Government in some Mr. STEFAN. I yield to the gentle way renders some assistance to this mag is spent are not available to the Mem man from Virginia. bers of Congress, are they? azine. It is a rather small magazine. Mr. GARY. I would hate for the im The thing to which I call your attention pression to go throughout. the country Mr. STEFAN. I am sure that I would is that six full pages of this publication that we are appropriating any such sum be very happy to give the gentleman all are devoted to advertisements of liquor. as $500,000 for liquor. The gentleman the information that I have in my pos I trust you will support my amendment from Kansas [Mr. REES] has suggested session. and save at least $250,000 for the Federal that he thought that 90 percent of this Mr. REES. I would certainly be happy Treasury. fund was spent for that purpose. As a to have it and look over it. Mr. VURSELL. Mr. Chairman, I matter of fact, this item covers all the Mr. STEFAN. The gentleman would niove to strike out the last word. entertainment, including banquets and be very enlightened and surprised. Mr. Chairman, I remember 2 years ago the various functions that are given in Mr. REES. And I would be surprised, the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. REES] all the embassies in,- foreign fields. Is I am sure. offered an amendment, and I supported that not correct? The CHAIRMAt\: The question is on the amendment at that time, to reduce Mr. STEFAN. Yes: of course, it is the amendment offered by the gentleman the amount from $800,000 to $400,000. I included for all representation allow from Kansas [Mr. REEsJ. rise at this time first to compliment the ances. If our Ambassador is invited by The· question was taken; and on a committee. The administration raised the Ambassador of the United Kingdom division EXTENSION OF REMARKS program of internation~ information in· This statement should be compared · Mr. D'ALESANDRO asked and was behalf of the United States. Such a pro with the official line of the Communist granted permission to extend his re gram is an urgent need, in the light of Party, U. S. A., at the time as expressed marks in the RECORD as of May 16, 1947. the propaganda barrage emanating from by Earl Browder, its spokesman in an the Soviet Union and its Communist NBC broadcast on August 28, 1936, as fol ASSISTANCE TO :PEOPLE OF COUNTRIES agents all over the world, attacking the lows: · DEVASTATED 'BY WAR United States as a war-mongering tool of How long will the American people, who Mr. EATON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan the monopolists seeking world conquest, · have so convincingly shown their unmistak imous consent to take from the Speaker's oppressing its own people, lynching Ne able desire for peace, continue to hoid aloof table House Joint Resolution 153, pro groes, and guilty of every crime in the from collective efforts for peace which alone viding for relief assistance to the people calendar of human sins. But the activi can check the wai· plans of the Japanese mili of countries devastated by war, with Sen ties of the Cultural and Information Di tarists in the Far East and of their ally, Hit ler, in Europe? * * • President Roose ate amendments, disagree to the Senate vision of the State Department must not vel t-]1angs on to a policy of so-called neu amendments ·and agree to the conference be confused with. a sound program. As trality or isolation which in practice has en- . asked by the Senate. carried on-today, they are a monstrosity com·aged the Fascist aggressors. • *. * It The Clerk read the title of the resolu costing the Nation millions of dollars, · was this ineffective method which embold tion. and serving ·no constructive purpose for ened the Japanese militarists to advance their The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the United States. Conducted by a group war plans against China- and the United the request of the gentleman from New of pro-Communist fellow travelers and States. Jersey [Mr. EATON]. (After a pause.] muddle heads, they fill the ether and tons The following article-quoted in.part The Chair hears none, and appoints the of paper with a, combination of material is taken from Amerasia of October 1940 · following conferees: .Mr. EATON, Mr. favorable to the Soviet Union and the published under joint editorship of Mr. VORYS, Mr. MUNDT, Mr. BLOOM, and .Mr. Communists, or just plain twaddle. Stone, Mr. Jaffe, Mr. Field, and others, · KEE. · Let me give you some idea of the per apparently with their full knowledge and DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, AND sonnel conducting the present program. approval. The article is entitled "Amer COMMERCE, AND THE JUDICIARY AP Top-flight assistant-to Mr. William Ben ican Far Eastern Policy; For Democr'acy PROPRIATION BILL, 1948 ton is William Treadwell Stone, Director or Imperalism?" by Frederick V. Field of the Otnce of International Informa and reads in part as follows: Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, I move tion and Cultural Affairs. Here is his that the House resolve itself into the . record: , Our Government is, as it has repeatedly . Committee of the Whole House on the stated, interested in the imperialist status · Member of the editorial board of Amer. quo. • • • Finally, it may be said. that I State of the Union for the further· con asia from 1937 through November 1941. am expressing an isolated, private view. sideration of the bill making Chairman of this board was Frederick * • • Over the Labor J?a.Y week end more appropriations for the Departments of Vanderbilt Field, now a regular colum than 22,000 men and women, of whom 6,000 State, Justice, and Commerce, and the nist for the Daily Worker· and a member were delegates, met at the Emergency Peace -· judiciary, for the fiscal year ending June· of the Communist Party. Managing ed Mobilization in Chicago. "' • • Two thou 30, 1948, and for other purposes. itor was Philip Jacob· Jaffe, indicted and sand went on to Wp,shington to lobby ahd The motion was agreed to. demonstrate against· the conscription bill .. fined for the possession of confidential • • • Because to them the building up of a · Accordingly, the House resolved itself Government documents, charged by Han. great military machine for the purpose of be into the Committee of the Whole House GEORGE A. DoNDERO ()n November 28, 1945, coming a partner in a wa:t: of rival imperif!l- on the State of the Union for the further with being in close touch with Earl Brow . isms is not consistent with true national de consideration of the b111 F.r. R. 3311, with der, until recently head of the Commu fense. I say, therefore, that 'the views I have Mr. CURTIS in the chair. . nist Party, Uaited States of America, and expressed are not those of an isolated individ The Clerk reaa the title of the bill. Tung Pi Wu, Chinese Communist dele ual. Rather, they are the views, eprlnging Mr. BUSBEY. Mr. Chairman, I rise in gate to the San Francisco Conference. from deep convictions, of m1llions and mil opposition to the pro forma amendment. Mr. Stone's membership on the editorial lions of Americans who refuse to be duped Mr. Chairman, I probably could criti into war or into an -American form of dicta board of Amerasia covers the period of torship and fascism. cize these appropriations as well as any the Stalin-Hitler Pact during which this one in the C-ommittee, but I wish to di-: magazine-described the war in Europe No statement appeared in Amerasia to rect my remarks to the information and as imperialistic, declaring that- ; challenge this viewpoint, by Mr~ Stone or cultural program of the State Depart Germany, industrially powerful but poor anyone else. ment in this section of the bill. I concur in resources and weak financially, is attempt Again, llnder the joint editorship of in the statement of the chairman of the ing to take by force what Great Britain pos Mr. Stone, with Messrs. Jaffe, Field, and subcominittee, the gentleman from .Ne sesses. others, there appeared in the January braska [Mr. STEFAN}, in expressing con 1940 issue of' Amerasia an article by fidence not only in Secretary of State Jaffe's Communist alias was J. W. Phil Harriet .Moore entitled "Two Wars or· Marshall but also in his Assistant Secre lips--Washington Daily News, June 7, One," from which the following excerpt tary o.f State, Mr. Peurifoy. I think it 1945, page 1. Mr. Field was executive secretary of the American Peace Mobili is quoted: was very unfortunate that General Mar It- shall had to go to Moscow so shortly zation, a Communist front which picket after taking ofi:i:ce. ed the White House during the period of The United States- I repeat, I probably could criticize the the Stalin-Hitler Pact. should exert its infiuence to stop the Euro Writing in Amerasia of August 1937, pean conflict as soon as _possible by means State Department as well as anybody, together with such well-known defenders of ·negotiated balance-of-power peace. and I propose to show where it should of Soviet foreign policy as Frederick V. be criticized. Field, Edgar Snow, and Harriet Moore, No statement appeared to challenge . It was very unfortunate that, by Presi Mr. Stone comments as follows on rela this viewpoint. dential directive, so many people who _tions with Japan: Mr. Stone was formerly with the were Communist and pro-Soviet in their Budget· Bureau as administrative con Nevertheless, the case against invoking the thinking were transferred from the OSS, Neutrality Act, as presented by the State sultant at $9,800. He is said to have the OIC, the OIAA, and various agencies Department and a considerable section of the drawn up the plan for the Cultural Divi to the State Department. press, is not altogether convincing • • • sion of the State Department. Mr. Chairman, I have given consider on the other hand, if the events at Shang He has been in charge of selection of able time and study to the activities and hai have precipitated a general war, as seems personnel for foreign broadcasting. composition of the Cultural and Infor likely, a policy of drift which allows muni He is reported to have appointed tions shipments and trade in war materials George Shaw Wheeler, while Stone was mation Division of the State Department. to continue would not advance the cause of Therefore I wish to take a little time to peace or reduce the dangers of American in in London for the Board of Economic discuss this matter which is at present volvement. • • • Furthermore, the pos Warfare. Wheeler has a long record of under consideration by the Congress. sibilities of collective action under neutral- Communist affiliations and activities. Let no one assume that my attitude js .itY have apparently not been explored by Because of this record, Wheeler was re one of hostility toward a constructive Washington (p. 293). moved by the Civil Service Commission 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5297 and later reinstated as a result of left in world politics today. I asked for an inter They had three qualities which brought wing pressure. view with Mao Tze-tung. (From Humane armies success • • • a mastery of mo Next we have Haldore E. Hanson, Endeavor, p. 303.) bile warfare, sk1llful political propaganda, Assistant Secretary of the Office of In and superb leadership. • • • The revolu Fourth. Mr. Hanson, further, proudlY tionary land policy was a second reason for I formation and Culture. Here is his almost boastfully-shows how completely Red success. record: the Communists accepted him into their Assistant Secretary and the official confidence. He states: It would be well to see who in the De I lobbyist for the Office of Information (a) The guerrillas do not tolerate neutral- partment as well as outside the Depart and Culture. ity: A man is either for or against them ment urged Mr. Hanson's appointment Mr. Hanson has spent most of his (p. 296). to Cultural Affairs, and who in the De adult life since leaving school as a free partment urged his rapid promotion. lance writer in China. He wanted to Mr. Hanson was at all times given safe Evidently under fire of recent criticism, study, but, as he says : conduct through the Communist lines. Mr. Hanson has been transferred to the ~ When the school year drew to a close, I I have traveled in the commander in chief's Political Affairs Committee of the State decided to join a group of professors and motor car. Department. journalists in Peiping, headed by Edgar (b) I · spent 4 months at the close of 1938 Another members of the leading trium Snow 1 and his wife,2 who were organizing with the north China guerrillas. (The Na tion, April 8, 1939, p. 401.) virate in Mr. Benton's office is Charles a new political magazine.a Alexander Thomson. In a study entitled He held other positions which some Page 254: "The War in Spain," published 1n For of his superiors considered so important (c) Thirty miles south of Wut'ai I came eign Policy Reports of May 1, 1938, page that he was excused from military serv upon two Canadian doctors. One was Dr. 39, he has the fO>llowing eulogy of the Norman Bethune,4 a surgeon from Toronto work of the Communists: ice. One of these positions was in the who was sent to China by the American Department of Agriculture. Committee for Medical Aid to China. To the Communists must go the major A further indication of the varied and credit for the introduction of order and unity colorful background which he brought to Fifth. Mr. Hanson, with more enthusi in this nondescript army. • • • On the the Department is in an article written asm than objectivity, tells of the aims Government side,. the most important poUt- about him-Review of Reviews, Febru and achievements of the Chinese Com- . leal developments have been·. (1') the rise of munists. · the Communist Party; (2) the working alli ary 1937, page 95-in which he is re ance effected by the Communists with the ferred to as smuggler, soldier, and diplo Page 296: right-wing Socialists and the Republican mat. In view of the fact that his mili The Communist agents frankly tell their Parties • • •; (3) the decline of Com tary service was not with the United visitors that they hope the present war will munist infiuence and its later resurgence in States armed forces, it would be well to produce a democratic government in China, the cabinet formed on April 4, 1938. · • • • learn with whom and for what he fought. which will be only one step. toward the ulti When Franco troops approached Madrid Mr. Hanson can best be judged, how mate goal of a socialist state. * * ..., This early in November 1936, a new and decisive goal was asserted by Mr. Huang Ching, the foreiga influence appeared on the scene. ever, by his own writings: A."The People Communist representative at the Fuping Russian aid had arrived-not only airplanes Behind the Chinese Guerrillas, pUblished conference when he stated: "The Communist and tanks, but also advisers, technicians and in Pacific Affairs, September 1938: Party is determined to support the formation the forces of the International Brigade, in In this article, he shows that he enjoyed of a democratic republic and to execute the many instances recruited by Communist the complete confidence of the Chinese Com duties laid upon it by this . new political agencies. Thanks in great part to Soviet munists-and that they do not tolerate any power." influence, the Spanish revolution was not one who is not completely on their side-the destined-as has so often been the case in official Communist position. • Page 298: history-to pass from the hands of moderates Despite this continued vision of a future to those of extremists. Instead, the Com First. Page 285 : Chinese Soviet the qualities of leadership at munists cast their weight against radical · To assess the strength of the self-defense the Central Hopei headquarters would seem trends; they proclaimed that the purpose governments and the mass movement sup to indicate that the Communists will not of the war was not to advance social revo porting the guerrillas, I spent 2 weeks travel fight any more civil wars. • • • This Red lution, but to defend a legal and democratic ing through guerrilla territory in central leadership is characterized by a bulldog at government. Hopei in March 1938 and brought back copies titude toward the ultimate goal, a flexi The Spanish Communists must be credited of nearly all of the official documents of 'she bility of methods, an attitude of self-criti with significant achievements. They led in government in· addition to my own observa cism toward all present work, a willingness transforming the militia into a disciplined tions. of experiment, and a complete absence (so army, and encouraged a unified command. far as I could see) of personal ambition. The They worked to unify and strengthen the That is, he was given official documents same qualities have marked every great central government as against the local by the Communists, and given safe con movement in history which has survived the committees. They put a check on whole duct through their lines. decades of adversity. to reach the pinnacles sale socialization of industry and collectivi Second. He shows that the central of power. (North China, May 1938.) zation of agriculture. They sought oo sub Hopei mass movement with which he was Humane Endeavor, page 32: stitute discipline under centralized authority for the spontaneous and disorderly enthu identified was definitely a part of the The Red leaders organized the masses, gave official Communist plan. siasm of the masses. They demanded that them discipline and something worth fight the social revolution be definitely subordin Third. Mr. Hanson, apparently him ing for. self a well-grounded student of the writ ated to the task of winning the war. ings of Marx and Lenin could judge the Humane Endeavor, page 79: The Communists, whose numbers had not actual knowledge of Marx which the Russian policy among the Outer Mon exceeded 50,000 prior to the revolt, derived golians appealed to the common people by power to enforce these policies from various Chinese Communists had. factors. First, of course, was aid from the exposing the corruption of both th~ priests Page 290: and the princes; aristocratic privileges were Soviet Union. A second factor was superior Naturally the political leaders trained in abolished; machinery for a democratic gov organizing ability, shown by their success the anti-Japanese academy are familiar with ernment, dominated by Russian advisers but in marshaling support both within the army the writings of Marx and Lenin and have employing whatever educated Mongols were and behind tile lines. The Communists won not abandoned their hopes for a socialist available, was set up at Urga in 1924. the allegiance of G~neral Miaja and many republic. other officers, largely controlled the com Page 101: missar ~ystem and the censorship, and were Page 303: Despite all these apparent handicaps the particularly strong ln the Madrid forces and MAO TZE-TUNG'S LONG VIEW Communists became the most powerful in the aviation corps. In the third place, China has the second largest Communist peasant armies in the history of revolution. the Communists skillfully exploited a policy Party in the world. The leader of the party of moderation toward socialization of in lives at Yenan. Next to Stalin he is the 'After the death of Dr. Bethune, the Daily dustry and agriculture, which gained the m•ost powerful Marxian thinker and leader Worker tolQ. that he had been a member o:t support of numerous middl'e-class elements, the Communist Party. The Worker further notably small business men and the richer 1 A prominent pro-Soviet writer on China. told that Dr. Bethune had served with the peasants. In consequence· their numbers 2 Under the pen name of Nym Wales, wrote Spanish Communist's Army in the medical showed a marked increase, being estimated extensively in support of Soviet policy, corps, and that he had played the hero role at 220,000 in January 1937. and 400,000 in a Page 30, Humane Endeavor, by H. Hanson. in a Soviet picture, Spain in Flames. September of the same year. 5298 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD---.:HO.USE MAY 14
This report i~ ·in complete contradic make numerous busts of Latin-American sues? .What gu_arantee has Mr. Benton tion to the statements of numerous anti ex-Presidents at a handsome remunera that anybody is really listening to these Franco authorities to· the atrocities and tion? things? disruption committed by the Communists Who was .responsible .for the invitation According to a dispatch from Moscow under their Russian commissars in -the . to visit the United States issued. to two in the Washington Evening Star of Feb Spanish Civil War. writers and two engineers ·from Com ruary 18, 1947, only a comparatively few According-to Mr. Carlton J. H. Hayes, munist-ruied Kalgan, expE;nses to be paid · Russians heard the United States State former American Ambassador to Spain, · by the American Government? These Department's first Russian _language in his book, Wartime Mission to Spain, men were Chow Yang, vice president of broadcast. The Star's dispatch says: Mr. Thomson was responsible for the Kalgan's North China Uilion University; The, United States has an. elaborate pic appointment of Abel Plenn as cultural Oyang Shan-chun, playwright; Nih torial magazine, but schedules and wave attache in Spain. . Mr. Plenn's ideology Chun-jung and Li Su, engineers. lengths dealing wi~h the State Department can be determined from his recent book, Dr. Esther C. Brunauer was selected by programs have not been published in it. Wind in the Olive Trees, which is severely the State Department as United States On April ·14, 1947, the State Depart critical of every phase of American policy representative to UNESCO with the rank ment broadcast a supinely ' apologetic in Spain during the war. His pro-Com of minister. Speaking over NBC on May statement by David Lawrence in which munist bias is evident throughout the 31, 1946, at ·6 p. m., she declared: he pleaded with the Russians as follows: book which has been enthusiastically There are many barriers to the concept [of Let us confess that we each have made promoted by the Communist press and peoples speaking to peoples] ; there are the mistakes and that we, for instance, may mis prac~ices Communist book shops. barriers_ • • • of monopolistic understand eve~ now what you are doing According to the· Daily Worker of July to be overcome. in the Balkans, in Greece and Turkey. in 4, 1946, page 11, Mr. Thomson entered What did Dr. Brunauer mean by this? Korea. • • • We are not without sin_ into hearty cooperation with Tom Bran You mentioned the Negro question. Be What country was she criticizing? Was patient with us. don, producer and distributor of pro- . she aware of the fact that she was echo Communist films. This is enough to ing Soviet propaganda against the Is that the tone which a self-respect show where Mr. Thomson stands. United States? Has this lady ever taken ing nation should adopt toward a ruth It will be remembered that the person a critical attitude toward conditions in less, expansionist power? Following this nel of the Cultural Division is in large the Soviet Union? Evidently, again broadcast, Mr. Lawrence was duly as • measure a legacy from Communist per under fire of recent criticism, she has sailed by Ilya. Ehrenburg, Soviet spokes meated OWi, and the regime of Archi been shifted to the Office of Public man, wbereupon be issued the. following baid McLeish. How 'does it happen, for abject aRology: · example, that Mr. Armand D. Willis, cul Uiaison in the State Department. tural attache in Moscow, suddenly burst Now let us take a glance at the activi If it -will help matters, let me present my into the press attackinc American Em ties of this coterie. Much is made of the humblest. apologies and regrets for anything Russian broadcast. I am all for effective that I may have ever written derogatory ,to bassy officers as Russian haters? Is this broadcasts to ·the Soviet Union. -The Russia ·and may we all let , bygones be by appointment an accident or is it typical gones ·with respect to ,ever-ybody's past writ of the Cultural Department in general? voice of free America would be welcome ings on .other sldes. Who was responsible for the· seiection if it could reach the Russian people, but of Mr. Lau Shaw, who made a tour of the there are certain difficulties of whiCh Mr. How the Russian power politicians United States as a guest of the State De Benton has not adequately informed the must have la~ghed - at t.bis spectacle• _ partment? Later Mr. Shaw wrote an American people. In fact, he has mis Miss Elizabeth Egan, Acting Chief of article on Hollywood Films in China for led them to believe that there is free the Office · of International Information the pro-Communist magazine, Screen and easy access for American bread and Cultural Affairs in --Moseow f-or 2% Writer. In this article he assailed Amer casts to the Soviet Union. He has not years, has herself admitted the limita ican movies as · having "no educational told you that all receivers must be regis tions of broadcasts to the Soviet Union. and no cultural attitude and intention." tered at the nearest post _office in Rus In the Washington Post of January 16, Who was responsible for sending as a sia. What reason ha.ve we to believe that 1947, she is quoted as saying that there delegate to the Educational. Scientific a dictatorship like the Soviet Govern are few short-wave sets in the Soviet and Cultural Organization of the United ment, with concentration camps, terror, Union-the average family having a States Prof. Harlow Shapley, who, in and firing squads would freely admit a plate which is turned to the local station spite of his scientific attainments, bas an broadcast from a foreign democracy? only. enormous record of affiliations with Com Why should Stalin set liP an iron curtain Mr. Benton has made a great to-do of munist-front organizations and defense against the press and suddenly withdraw the publication of the magazine Amerika. of Communist causes? that curtain at the request of Mr. Ben George Moorad, a Moscow correspondent Who was responsible for the appoint ton? As Mr. William Philip Simms, the and author of Behind the Iron Curtain, ment of Robert T. Miller, Chief in Charge noted columnist, said in the Scripps bas described the American project as of Publications, who has since been Howard press of December 21, 1945: follows: forced to resign and whose record is one Mr. Be:qton's department can no mqre The American effort was not serious of dubious loyalty to the United States? speak to people of the Soviet UniOJl than it enough to warrant unusual curbs. Since we Who was responsible for the appoint can speak to the people of Mars. And the were printing in New York, the text had to same can be said of the steadily expanding be translated into Russian, cabled to Mos ment of Charles A. Page, former cultural areas under Soviet control. cow for censorship and correction, cabled attache in Paris, whose membership in back to New York, and finally printed in the Communist Party and the Young Mr. Benton boasts of having received Russian. Then came the matter of ship Communist League is testified to by letters from recipients of messages from ping some thousands of copies into Moscow, verifiable Government files? America. How does he know that these when transport was available, and the re Who is responsible for the appoint people are not stooges who have sent sult was only two issues during the 7 months their letters with Government knowledge I was there. Our own American difficulties ment of Stefan Arski, alias Arthur Sal were so staggering, it was hardly necessary man, alias Kalimovski, contributor to the and approval? for Soviet bureaucrats to devise others. Communist Polish publication, Novy According to John Crosby in the Put'? Arski's Communist record was Washington Post of April 27, 1947, the Mr. David Sentner, writing in the Los previously exposed by Congressman State Department broadcast not only the Angeles Examiner on January 15, 1946, Joseph P. Ryter. I do not know what his · views of Henry Wallace, who was attack has described the steps in publishing citizenship status is, but today he is pub ing tbe State Department, but even those Amerika as follows: lic-relations officer of the Polish Em of the Daily Worker, which called the The proofs are first sent to Moscow for bassy. How does Mr. Benton account Truman doctrine "a national shame." Soviet approval.- The Russian Government for this transition? Of what use is it to the United States censors the contents and sends back the ap Who was responsible for the fact that proved portions. • • • No copy of the to broadcast a talk on the Julliard School, magazine has ever been seen on a newsstand Jo Davidson, active in numerous Com the description of Louisiana, the func in the Soviet Union. • • • Why do we munist-front organizations, has been tion and organization of the Supreme permit the Soviet Union to censor an Ameri engaged ·by the State Department to Court, and surgical refrigeration is- can Government publication when the Union 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5299 of Soviet Socialist Republics issues through that a German Communist had b'een em renee in the New York Times of Janu the Soviet Embassy a weekly bulletin of in ployed in the broadcasting station. ary 1, 1946, when he declared: formation which is uncensored Communist The Daily Work,er of April 30, 1947, in propaganda and in violation of the Foreign A propaganda effort helpful only to the Agents Registration Act? the column conducted by Barnard Rubin, Soviet Union and harmful to the United publishes in detail a summary of a State States is under way throughout Latin Amer Indicative of what is going on inside Department directive to its international ica through formal channels of the Commu of Mr. Benton's Department is the fol broadcasting division. Has Mr. Benton nist Party, including its newspapers and lowing quotation in the pro-Communist ever maJanuary 21, 1947. Worker secured this directive? · Mr. William H. Newton, well known It evidently followed numerous leaks in Mr. Benton has himself shown a cer Scripps-Howard staff writer in China, the Department. I quote: - tain apologetic attitude toward the Soviet has made the following report of State Unless the State Department sets up a Union. In the New York Times of March Department incompetence in the Wash United States Gestapo to intimidate its em 4, 1947, speaking at Atlantic City, he is ington Daily News of January 6, 1947: ployees into silence, the secret and confiden quoted as saying that the Soviet Union The United States Information Service' tial directives will continue to reach the spends three times as much for educa here is under orders from Washington to light. tion as does this country. I seriously confine its activities to publishing official This was an open invitation to the doubt the authenticity of this estimate. documents, innocuous Government releases, employees of the Department to divulge The Motion Picture Herald of July 6, and press dispatches. Both the Information confidential information to Communist 1946, has reported a number of film en Service and American consular employees terprises undertaken by the State De are aware of the beating the United States channels. One would think that as a re is taking on the propaganda front, t-ut no sult of this statement which reached Mr. partment. One is entitled "Banjo Pick one is permitted to do much about it. • • • Benton that he would act decisively, de ing Boy," produced by Irving Lerner, who The steady day-by-day impact of the Com t.ermine the sources of the leaks, and re has a long list of Communist affiliations. munist propaganda is having its effect here, organize his Department in the most . The criticisms made of the activities particularly since our Government's prin drastic manner. Again we have to rely of the Cultural Division are too numer cipal response is stories about the TVA and upon In Fact, which apparently is well ous to cite here. Let me repeat, however, photographs of the little red· schoolhouse in informed as to what is going on in Mr. the statement made by Congressman Georgia. Benton's Department. In the issue of TABER that this branch is "loaded with Another sample of sheer waste in the April 8, 1946, appeared the {ollo_wing: people whose loyalties are not with the Cultural Division of the State Depart Sixteen days after In Fact exclusively ·pub United States." Let me mention the ment is the appropriation for the pub lished the pattern of State Department prop titles of same of the films distributed lication of an ~ elaborate Who's Who of aganda ·operations and printed authentic by the State Department to enhance the personages in Latin-American countries. propaganda directives issued by the State status of this Government: Grasshop God knows how much good that will do. Department to implement its objectives, an pers; Tennis Rhythm, Reproduction Let me mention in passing also, that official order by Assistant Secretary William Among Mammals, The Farmer's Wife, in the Baltic states-grabbed early in Benton to his propaganda staff, marked "con Willie . and the Mouse, Music for Tiny fidential," declared that after February 6 the the war by Stalin-all short-wave radios use of the term "directive" would no longer Tots, Chicken Little, Unit Cast Partial have been confiscated and domestic be used and that henceforth all such propa Dentures. radios are forcibly tuned to Kremlin ganda directions will be referred to as guides. · Congressman STEFAN on April 11, 1946; broadcasts. It can now be revealed that within 24 hours declared that State Department pro Let me ask of what earthly use is it after the In Fact publication of the propa grams channeled to the Caribbean area, to us to broadcast Benny Goodman's ganda-directive expose, top State Depart with . a· population of 31,000,000, reach ·jazz, Turkey in the Straw, Night and ment officials met in closed session to plan only 45,000 families, the number with their strategy. Day, cowboy tunes, and a description of usable receiving sets. Moreover, .he infrared photography while the Rus In other words, Mr. Benton made a full said the programs are broadcast in sians are lambasting us as power-hungry retreat in the face of the pro-Communist English, which is understood by only a small part of the population:- imperialists. gang in his Department. Cl)arles Coulter, who just returned Another point: I would like to know . You are all familiar with a recent brmidcast of a book review of the biog from a year in Europe, testified to the who was responsible for the invitation ineffectiveness of State Department the United States tendered to Anthoon raphy of Henry Wallace and his family at the very moment when he was criti~ broadcasts in the Washington Post on Koejemans, editor of the Dutch Commu April 14, 1947. He said: nist paper De Waarheid. The Commu cizing the policy of the State Depart nist Workers of February 3, 1946, stated ment and being applauded for it by Com In something like a year spent 1m Europe munist audiences throughout the world. recently, I tried again and again and again · that the gentleman "is now in the United to listen in to the American broadcast. I States on a six-man delegation of Dutch Mr. Benton, who appears before you could not pick up the broadcast. On the newspapermen, sponsored by the State with a request for $31,000,000, does not other hand, I could and did receive Rus Department's Office of International explain how he proposes to tackle the sian, English, Swedish, Danish, and other Information." difficulty which he confronted in Bel European broadcasts, and even numerous I should also like to know who was grade, when the doors of the American programs from Africa, from Cairo to the responsible for the display of the film reading room and library were shut down. Cape. Indicative of the loss in prestige which Dr. Joseph F. Thorning, distinguished entitled "Now the Peace," produced by we have suffered during the period of World in Action on August 1, 1946, before editor of the magazine the Americas, has State Department employees. This pic Mr. Benton's promotion of our stock testified, according to the New York ture was severely critical of the American is the fact that the French Government Times of January 5, 1947, to the inex did not hesitate to shut down our radio cusable inefficiency of the State Depart syste1.1 of free enterprise and was thor station In Algiers as a result of Russian oughly Communist in tone. pressure. ment's program in Latin America: Characteristic of the chaos in Mr. Ben Our Ambassador to Argentina has One reason for the formidable Marxist ton's Department is the incident de infiltration throughout Latin America is the clearly outlined the ineffectiveness of singularly inept and sadly ineffective nature scribed in the New York Times of March Mr. Benton's outfit in Latin America. of the State Department's Division of Inter 30, 1947, in which Mr. Benton announced He declared that communism had made national Information and Cultural Affairs. that "the relay transmitters at Munich, great strides in the southern hemisphere. • • • Dr. Thorning called for "intelligent which beam the daily short-wave pro He pointed out that Communist organ use of the taxpayer's money at a time when gram of the State Department to Russia, izations in Latin America had received the shadow of Red fascism hangs over the were sabotaged recently and the broad entire world and is exploiting every con large funds from Moscow and were doing ceivable issue, false and true, in order to casts were turned away to South Amer over-all propaganda against economic undermine the good-neighbor policy in the ica." A subsequent investigation result and political imperialism with the United Western Hemisphere. • "' • What is re ed in a complete whitewash of the in States as the chief target. This report quired is not a great appropriation by Con cident, although a later report admitted has been corroborated by w. H. Law- gress but rather some measure of jmaginative 5300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE resourcefulness, artistic presentation of the bloc, and in contradiction to the proced· is not our most important problem, but abundant material we have, and an alertness ure laid down by the United Nations. it furnishes an example of the hundreds in meeting and overcoming the totalitarian of problems which we must solve if our propagandists." The placing of control over informa· tion and culture in the hands of a cen people and the people of the world are The eminent observer Constantine tralized agency like the State Depart going to attain maximum prosperity and Brown, has described the effect of State ment or UNESCO on an international good living in the coming years. ·For Department cultural activities in Paris in scale is fraught with serious dangers. this reason, I want to discuss the potato the Evening Star of February 21, 1947, According to the New York Times on surplus problem again today. as follows: September 27, 1946, UNESCO proposes To millions of Americans who know The United States has spent many hundreds the revision of textbooks and other very little about potatoes except .that of millions of dollars in assisting France teaching materials used 'in schools and they like to eat them, it may not seem since her liberation, but few in France realize colleges throughout the world. Who will worth while to worry about the potato or appreciate this fact * * * the great determine the nature of this revision? surplus problem, particularly in view of majority of French people are firmly con vinced that the Germans w:ere defeated by Will it be the left-wing ideologists in the the larger problems that confront us. t he valiant bravery of the Red Armies. State Department and the UNESCO? However, we in the Congress know that * * * They (Mr. Benton and his assist Robert McLean, president of the Asso all of the little problems piled up make a ants) aim to inform foreign countries about ciated Press and publisher of the Phila very big problem, just as a lot of little the United States, but are reluctant to delphia Bulletin, in a speech delivered in potatoes piled up make a mighty big do anything which might be interpreted as Philadelphia on January 17, 1947, de surplus. This year that surplus is 100,- propaganda. ' nounced the plan for a Government 000,000 bushels, a large part of which Perhaps the greatest hoax put over on merger of all communications beyond its went to waste. the American people has been UNESCO, shores and the establishment of short The potato problem impinges on other over which that great poet and fellow wave radio broadcast, charging that the problems facing us as legislators today. traveler, Archibald MacLeish, is the chief Government had arrogated "to itself in What we do, or fail to do, in formulating architect. Mr. MacLeish has been asso fact a power of censorshiP-for the a program to do away with the potato ciated with numerous Communist-front power to determine what shall be sent surplus will affect, to some degree, the tax organizations and has written poetry out connotes the power to determine rate in the years to come. It will affect which has drawn the acclaim of the Com what shall not be sent out." our Government's operations. It will af munist press. , Mr. MacLeish is sharply The Motion Picture Association, ac fect the prices consumers must pay for critical of things American. Speaking cording to the Washington Post of Jan potatoes, and the kind of potatoes the before a meeting of the American Civil uary 11, 1947, accused Assistant Secre housewife can buy at the corner grocery Liberties Union in New York on February tary of State Benton of trying to bend store. It will even affect the price of 22, 1947, he said residents of foreign the movies to fit "a synthetic Goverh the wheat that goes into -the bread which countries distrusted America's vast com ment propaganda." most Americans eat every day, as I shall munication powers, the radio programs A statement issued by Joyce O'Hara, prove a little later. · produced by advertising agencies in New assistant to President Eric Johnston of Mr. Chair_man, the potato surplus prob York and the mass-produced day dreams the ass_ociation, said: lem even has an important bearing on of this country's motion-picture industry. What the American people fear is the our overseas relief policy and on our ex They are afraid we will destroy the rtch type of culture which Mr. Benton proposes to port program of commodities generally. ness and variety of the several cultutes spread abroad. Mr. Benton would do far _Just last Friday, May 9,. the Department of the world. He said the United States better if he followed the traditional policy of Agi-iculture put out a· release stating had undergone an extraordinary deterio of his own State Department in opening up t.hat nearly 10,000,000 bushels of potatoes ration of the will to peace. world channels of news and information in from the 1946 potato crop have been stead of trying to remake the patterns of Mr. Benton has paid tribute to Mr. shipped abroad under th~ Department's MacLeish, declaring that "There is no American culture. ' . export Program. Ih the course of the American-nor anyone in the world for We are being asked to provide $31,000,- release, the Department noted: that matter-who has contributed so 000 for State Department information Potatofi!s were made ·available for export as much to the formation of UNESCO and services while it is being steadily ex soon as they were harvested, but foreign to the writing of its charter." cluded from country after country. countries at that time had sufficient quanti According to the New York Herald World Report of October 15, 1946, lists ties for immediate use and preferred to pur Tribune of April 14, 1946, the UNESCO chase grain. In early spring, however, it the following exclusions of this kind: was possible to arrange for appreciable ex constitution calls for "the wide diffusion Shut-down of Belgrade library of the UnitE~d of culture and·the education of human ports in spite of the difficulties involved in States Information Service; Bulgarian cen the handling and sh~pping of fresh potatoes. ity for justice and liberty and peace." sorship of United States Information Service Kenneth Lindsay, of Oxford, a leading material; Polish restrictions on the scope of It is significant to note these words, educator who represents English uni United States information; censorship in for they bear out a contention I have versities, has ridiculed this conception in Hungary; etc. made before. Other nations are in our the New York Times of Novemb'er 23, Mr. Speaker, again I repeat that I be wheat market here, buying'huge quanti 1946. He is quoted as follows: lieve cultural and information activities ties of grain for use as flour. Many I see danger of trying to produce, instead are essential for the security of the times these governments purchase flour. of concrete specific proposals, a whole world United States. We are now experienc Our own Government purchases wheat of philosophy. If UNESCO is going to try ing a propaganda offensive directed in our relief program. This forces up in a Europe, which has got Roman Catholics against us in all parts of the world. To the price of wheat and other grains in anu Communists and other distinctive creeds, defend ourselves we should first of all this country. If potatoes were processed t o produce another creed, I foretell that it into potato flour, the flour could be will be doomed. make a thorough house cleaning and liquidation of the present monstrosity in shipped instead of the wheat flour and In spite of UNESCO's announced· cul the State Department, and then set up the other nations would be glad to get it. tural and educational aims, it is signifi an efficient machinery which insists and Fifty thousand carloads of flour could cant to note that no public- or private obtains complete reciprocity with the have been produced from this year's sur school teacher has been invited to serve various countries with which we have plus potatoes, most of which were de as a delegate to this Organization. treaty relations, and which will provide stroyed. It will be remempered that the Soviet the Congress from time to time with Yes, Mr. Chairman; what we in this bloc in the United Nations has consist concrete and adequate information based Congress do about the potato surplus in ently fought for the severance of rela upon facts and check up as to the effec the long run will even help determine the tions with Franco-Spain. We under tive operation of this machinery. prices consumers have to pay fo}: many stand, of course, the exigencies of Soviet Mr. SHAFER. Mr. Chairman, I move items which they purchase for use on the power politics involved. It is interesting to strike out the last five words. farm or in the home. to note that UNESCO invited representa Fo~ these reasons, every American and tives of the Spanish Republic to its meet PRICE PROPAGANDA VERSUS COMMON SENSE every Member of Congress ought to learn ings in conformance with the Commu Mr. Chairman, the potato surplus .a little more· about the potato-surplus nist line supported by the entire Soviet problem of the United States admittedly problem that seems to grow worse with 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5301 each passing year. A study of the prob bringing prices down by following poli child in America, as well as everybody lem gives us more insight to solve not cies that will increase production, or all over the world. This year we are only this problem but a multitude of byproducts, that by making pretty spending $80,000,000 on potato support others now before Congress and eventu speeches about the Newburyport plan, or prices because of a 100,000,000-bushel ally to come before Congress. any other similar plan based purely on potato surplus. Now, $80,000,000 may It is true that several groups of Ameri publicity. · seem like chicken feed in these days of cans already are studying the potato If we had had the foresight to process billions for loans, grants, and gifts to surplus problem and that the Depart our surplus potatoes last year into po other nations, but it is still a very impos ment of Agriculture is offering every co tato flour, the people of Europe would ing sum to most Americans, and if we operation to me and to others that are gladly have taken it as a substitute for could cut out this expense without hurt seeking better means of disposing of the the wheat flour we had to ship abroad. ing the potato farmer, we would be doing potato surplus. But it is also true that It is just as good and just as nutritious the Nation a great service. This $80,000,- there is too much apathy on the subject and just as flavorful as wheat floor. 000 represents virtually a net loss to the and that the average individual must be They could have used it to make bread, United States Treasury. We Republi made to understand that he will benefit to make potato soup, or to make potato cans have promised economy in govern materially if Congress goes into action gravy. Or, had they chosen, they could ment and this potato-surplus price is on the potato-surplus problem. . have used it in a variety of other ways. one of the best ways we can start practic The potato-surplus problem is im The flour not used for human consump ing economy. yet not upset the prices portant to several distinct groups in tion could have been fed to cattle or which potato farmers are getting and de America. As we will see, none of these poultry and its food value ultimately re serve to get. groups is small. As a matter of fact, alized by human beings. As it was, we If, instead of spending the $80,000,000 every one of us is a member of one group dumped J;llillions of bushels and shipped on support prices, the Government had or another that is affected by the potato a comparatively little of our surplus to invested a few million dollars in potato problem. Europe, with the likelihood being that processing plants to turn surplus pota First. The problem is important to the many of the potatoes were not worth toes into flour, there would have been potato farmer. Right now, the average consuming by man or beast by the time none of the dumping of potatoes we have potato farmer is getting a good price for they arrived there. This can conven all read about and most of us have de his product, but he knows-as we all iently go on year after year with mil plored. There would have been no event know-that when the price of his prod lions of people in need of food. Lives ual loss to the Government, the taxpayer uct depends on artificial factors, that is, can be saved if action is taken now. or the consumer. There would have been Federal price supports, sooner or later By so constructing and operating a net gain, in actuality. All of the pota the :problem will get out of hand with dis these potato-processing plants to prove to surplus can be converted into flour and astrous results to the potato grower the usefulness and profitableness of stored for 3 years, or more. It can be himself. making potato flour, our Government shipped over seas and used to obviate the Second. The problem is important to actually would have added to our assets need of sending that much wheat fiour the thousands of independent bakers as a nation. Furthermore it would have abroad. Or it can be used at home in the throughout the Nation. They are now been taking a big stride forward toward baking of bread, cake and many other paying an abnormally high price for a solution to the pressing potato surplus products. There is no rhyme or reason flour. They lately have seen the price of problem which hangs heavy• over our ever in destroying an agricultural sur flour go higher and higher, while at the heads year after year. Private indus plus as long as o·ur scientists retain their same time they have held off putting into try could lease or buy these plants from ingenuity in finding new uses, our inaus effect all the price increases at the retail the Government, and· by promoting con trialists retain their will to distribute and level they should have put into effect to sumption of potato flour in Amedca, their "know-how" to produce, and as long get their usual mark-up. actually could do away with the potato as our people will accept new, flexible pol Wiser bakers have been chagrined to surplus problem. icies that will add to our national wealth. see their own Government working to The thoughtful bakers of this Nation Henry Wallace, who currently is in dis make prices higher, while at the same already are recognizing the usefulness favor because of his Russian stand, was time President Truman has been waging of adding a potato culture to their reg never more wrong in his life than at the a fictitious war on high prices. ular wheat-flour mix in baking bread. very beginning of his career in the New · Take the present high wheat prices, More than 300 bakers already use potato Deal government when he sponsored and for example, and consider these in the culture in· their operations and others put into practice his "plow-'em-under" light of the potato surplus. If the Gov are turning to it each day. They, in ef ideas. We all lived to see the disastrous ernment, instead of spending $80,000,- fect, are helping already to solve the results of that policy in the long run. 000 this year to support potato prices, potato-surplus problem, while at the Yet, the Department of Agriculture still would have built several plants for proc same time actually increasing the con is following a "plow-'em-under" policy on essing potatoes into potato. flour, rough sumption of wheat. The ratio of wheat potatoes. The only difference is that to ly 50,000 carloads of potato flour could even in bread with potato culture is very day the potatoes are dumped after hav have been shipped overseas in this crop great, and an increase in consumption of ing been grown and harvested and year. Think of it. This flour could potato bread means an increase in con shipped at great loss of time and effort. have been shipped instead of a compa sumption of wheat in the long future. I know that my colleagues will agree rable amount of wheat flour which, be Third. The problem of the 1>9tato sur with me that men who are public-spir cause it was sent overseas, actually plus is important to consumers in Amer ited and do things in the public interest helped boost American prices for flour. ica. As we have seen, because the Gov should be praised on the floor of Con In other words, such activity by the Gov ernment has failed to attack forcefully gress, whether they are in government, ernment as I have suggested actually and logically the problems presented by business, or take part in other legitimate would have helped keep prices down in the potato surplus, more wheat flour has endeavors. That is why I have no hesi the United States-and eventually re been shipped abroad, thus forcing up its tancy again in praising Jack Schafer, the duced them down to the housewife's price at home. In addition, the Amer president of Peter Pan Bakeries in De table. ican housewife has had to take a poorer troit, Mich., who has put forward a plan As every economist knows, the supply grade of potatoes at the corner market to solve this potato surplus and to re of any product, or a ·substitute that is as than she should have had to take. If store a normal economic price to pota good or· better than the product, has a the Government converted surplus pota toes in the United States. great bearing on the price the product toes into flour, the culls and the 19wer Jack Schafer, who is no relative of demands. The present administration grades could be used, thus leaving only mine, also is president of Schafer-Var continues to think in terms of price ceil the best, or United States Standard, ney, Inc., which company serves other ings, or allocations, or controls, in rela grades of potatoes for purchase by house bakers tl:.roughout the Nation with po tion to prices, while at the same time wives to serve in their homes. tato culture, made from potato flour and overlooking the supply factor. This Fourth. The problem of the potato sur other products. A15 an active business supply factor is in reality our biggest plus is important to taxpayers. Mr. man, he travels into all parts of the Na worry, at least for the 1time being, and Speaker, I will now give startling figures tion and contacts independent bakers, the President could do more about of interest to every mari, woman, and large and small. He tells me that they 5302 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 are very worried about the price of flouP The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection responsibilities the committee has as and the results of such prices in their to the request of the gentleman from signed him. Gentlemen, let us be real operations. He says that·the whole bak Nebraska? istic. Even the most able craftsmen ing industry sees the need for new think There was no objection. need tools. I think an ordinary sense ing and that bakers are turning to the The Clerk read as follows: of fairness· must bring us to the conclu use of potato culture in increasing TITLE ill-DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE sion that it is ridiculous to impose these numbers to add flavor and goodness to. OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY additional responsibilities on the Secre their product and to overcome buyer re Salaries and expenses: For necessary ex tary's omce and at the same time reduce sistance which continues to develop as penses of the Office of the Secretary of Com his staff. wheat prices climb. merce (hereafter in this. title referred to t..:l The committee has made another rec I mention him because I warit to pay the Secretary) including personal services ommendation with respect to the Secre tribute to his initiative and to his stick in the District of Columbia; services as au tary's Office that is grossly inconsistent to-itiveness. He has studied potatoes as thorized by section 15 of the act of August with our interest in efficient manage 2, 1946 (Public Law 600), at rates for in an active grower, as a salesman, as a dividuals not to exceed $50 per diem; tele ment. I think the suggestion that the marketer, and now as the manufacturer type news service (not exceeding $1,000); Department's Central Services Pool be of a potato culture1 and he deserves the purchase of one passenger motor vehicle (not abolished and the work parcelled out to thanks of all AmeriCans for the time and exceeding $3,000); $800,000. the various bureaus and offices would thought he has given to the potato-sur tend to defeat the Committee's avowed plus problem and possible solutions to it. Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I offer interest in economy. This central office He and hundreds of other bake-rs have an amendment. which now handles personnel, printing, endorsed the House resolution which I The Clerk read as follows: accounting and general office ·services for by have introduced. This resolution PTO Amendment offered Mr. RooNEY: On many offices of the Department was set page 41, line 19, strike out "$800,000" and in vides for a study· of this whole ·potato sert "$1,335,000." up for the very purpose of avoiding du surplus problem by the Committee on plication and confusion. It has resulted Agriculture and for the formulation of Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, the ma in considerable· savings and in the very a plan of action that will bring relief to jority members of the Committee on Ap types of . coordination that create the the American taxpayer, the American propriations have recommended a cut efficiencies and economies the Committee consumer, the American baker, and will of 40 percent in the budget of the Office says it wants. To scatter this manage help both the potato farmer and the of the Secretary in the Department of ment functi/ 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5303 under secretary, and an executive assist Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chair Washington in this Fqreign Trade Sec ant to the assistant secretary. They man, I reserve a point of order against tion of the Census Bureau and approxi have a secretary to the secretary and a the amendment. mately 90 in New York. N:ow that the secretary of public relations, and they The Chairman. The gentleman point or order to the removal proviso has have secretaries all over the place. from Nebraska is recognized for 5 been conceded this amendment is offered I think the committee has given them minutes. which in reality is a back-door attempt an ample amount of money to carry on Mr. ROONEY. Mr-. Chairman,. will to move this Section to New York. the Department of Commerce in an or the gentleman from Nebraska yield? The Foreign Trade Section is but one derly and effective way. Mr. STEFAN. I yield to the gentle minor department of the Census Bureau. I suggest that the Committee vote this man from New York. In the Census Bureau1there is the popu amendment down. Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I am lation census, the housing census, the The CHAffiMAN. The question is on thoroughly in accord with the provisions manufacturing census, the employment the amendment offered by the gentleman of the amP.ndment offered by the gentle census, the agricultural census not dupli from New York [Mr. ROONEY]. man from Nebraska [Mr. STEFANl. We cated by the Agricultural Department, The amendment was rejected. had anticipated that the gentleman from local and State go\'ernments census · a. deep,,·morale the time when· everyone should be well The CHAIRMAN. The time of the shattering depression, · there· 'are: very informed on -all aspects of our Nation's gentleman from Maryland has expired. real reasons to doubt that our form. of economy. Mr. SASSCER. Mr. Chairman, I ask government could survive as it now is, I want to say again that it is our duty unanimous cqnsent to proceed for two and as we want it to continue. There are to maintain a stable economy. Our additional minutes. . some who are just lYing in wait for that own welfare and that of the world de The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to happen. pends on the steps we take in Congress to the request of the gentleman from We must do everything humanly pos to do this. Maryland? sible to .assist business and industry I believe that a reduction in the funds There was no objection. maintain high levels of employment and available to the Bureau of the Census is Mr. SASSCER. Mr. Chairman, a year production. The people in my district a step in the wrong direction. I ask ago when a study was made by the Bu and the people everywhere want to at the Members of the House to restore the reau of the Budget for report to the Ap tain higher living standards and a great funds to -the $11,500,000 which the Bu propriations Committee, after extensive er measure of security that comes from reau requested. I think this is a step study they advised against it. They said:. full employment and a stable economy. in the right direction and that it is one The foreign trade statistics program can With that in mind, I want to discuss of the best investments this Congress not be merely a routine tabulation of the what to me is one of the most short can make in the welfare and prosperity data contained in export and import docu sighted and uneconomic proposals I have of the Nation and the world. ments: Its usefulness depends upon its ever ' seen. That is the proposal of the _Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I lise in adaptab1lity to changing situ~tions and Appropriations Committee, in its recom opposition to the amendment. . needs. The program is not isolated, but mendations on the budget of the Com Mr. Chairman, this amendment would closely related to working programs and re merce Department, tv cut the funds pf seek to_increase the amount of $5,000,- sponsibilities of many Government agencies. the Bureatt of the Census for current 000 allowed by .committee for current statistics from $11,500,000 ti> $5,000,000. census statistics to $11,000,000. I wish The Section of Customs Statistics should be located in Washington from the stand At this time in the Nation's history to call the attention of the Committee point of administration. If· the offices were when it is imperative for all of us to to the fact .that the ' Bureau of Cen":' in Washington many problems could be ad make wise economic de-cisions, the Ap sus has.taken unto itself unusually broad justed from time to- time before assuming propriations Committee proposes to re authority to take whatever census seems large proportions requiring investigations. duce the main Government agency to come to their minds. Much of t~is, The location of the section tn Washington which provides CongreSs, business, in in our opinion, is not authorized or never would permit of a greater and more expedi dustry, and agriculture with the facts anci was expected to be authorized by the tious use of tht: basic data. statistics upon which sound judgment Congress of the United States. I wish As it now stands, there are 300 em and action can be based. to call your attention to the fact that we ployees here tabulating and disseminat Full employment depends on high · have money in this bill for the decennial ing and publishing information and if production and it takes shrewd, hard census-that is, to start the de-cennial this amendment prevails they will be · headed managers, of large and small census-which comes in 2 years, at which moved to New York where all that need business alike, to maintain ·high produc time practically all of this will be taken 'Qe done is to take the data from the ships tion. They must know the right thing over again. We have information from ~s is done in other ports by mail. to do at the right time. Can this be ex various parts of the country indicating In addition to that, if I may repeat it pected of management unless up-to-date that the Census Bureau is now setting up again, it throws the appropriation way and accurate facts are available to them? field offices all over the United States, out of balance and .earmarks over $1,- This need of business managers for similar to the field offices of the Foreign 000,000. for this activity. If it is left here facts, facts and more facts, is not some and Domestic Commerce. A majority we will have the benefit of all the infor thing I have pulled· out of a hat like a of the committee are of opinion that the mation. magician's rabbit. The urgent need of amount that we allowed, in this bill; These 300 families who would have to businessmen for information to guide $5,000,000, is ample to-carry on the cur move to New York would not only have them in intelligent management deci rent statistical work. We have allowed to give up their homes here, but would sions is attested to by the strong position $4,000,000 in this bill for the current have difficulty in finding homes in that taken by the United States Chamber of census of manufactures." We see no rea already overcrowde~ city. I hope the ad Commerce and other business organiza son, in view of the fact that the' pi'Ople mendment will not prevail. tions in support of the fact-gathering want us to economize, why we should not The CHAIRMAN. The time of the work of the Bureau of the Census. reduce this sum to the amount we sug gentleman from Maryland has expired. Business representatives point out that gest, $5,000,000. I call your attention to Does the gentleman from Virginia press they must have these facts for intelli the fact, too, that in 1943 the amount for his point of order? gent planning. They want to have the current census was $1,242,000; in 1945, Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chair most recent information available on $4,300,000; and in 1946,$5,318,000. They man, I w1thdraw the point of order. current production and distribution, both are asking now $11,500,000. I urge the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on retail and wholesale; they want to know. members of the Committee for the sake the amendment offered by the gentleman the size of their markets, the size of the of ·ecoriomy to v-ote down this amend from Nebraska [Mr. STEFAN]. labor force, and latest figures on unem ment. The question was taken; and on a di ployment. These facts help them plan · The CHAIRMAN. The question is on vision (demanded by Mr. RooNEY and Mr. plant-expansion programs, how to sched the amendment_offered by the gentle ule their purchases, their production, and man from Pennsylvania· [Mr. BucHAN SASSCER) there were--ayes 71, noes 32. their sales activities. So the amendment was agreed to. AN]. Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Chairman, I I said the information they need must The am~ndment was rejected; offer an amendment. be recent because in these days of rapid The Clerk read as follows: shifts information goes quickly out of CIVIL ,AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION The Cle-rk read as follows: crate. It is therefore absolutely neces:.. Amendment o1fered by Mr. BucHANAN: On sary that information be kept current, Salaries and expenses: For necessai-y ex page 43, line 18, strike out "$5,000,000" and penses of the Civil Aeronautics Admintstra insert "$11,500,000." that old figures b~ replaced by rrew ones, t~on in carrying out the provisions ·of the so that decisions can keep pace with Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, as amended USJ: OF CENSUS FIGUJtES IN MAINTAINING changes that are taking place. (49 U. S. C. 401), incident to the enforce STABLE ECONOMY · Unless the funds we vote for the Census ment of safety regulations; maintenance Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Chairman, I Bure.au are. adequate for its operation we and operation cif air-navigation facilities am certain there is one thing on which will find that we here in Congress, busi: and air-traffic control; furnishing advisory every Member of this House will agree. service to States and other public and private nessmen, -and · farmers throughout the agencie.S in connection with the construction I think we would all agree that the country will not have the basic facts and or improvement of airports and landing chief responsibility of business, industry, figures on which to operate their enter:. areas; including personal services in the Dis e.nd government today is to work to prises. This is a time when everyone trict or Columbia; the operat!on and main gether to insure a stable, high-level . is wondering whether a recession or a tenance of 226 aircraft; contract stenographic 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5305
reporting services; fees and m~Ieage of ex towers. They are asking for 18 more the United States are given the same pert and other witnesses; purchase of 325 this year. It was about $3,000,000 last treatment; but if you are going to pay for and hire pf passenger motor vehicles; pur chase and repair of skis and snowshoes; and year. the operators in the control towers of salaries and traveling expenses of employees · · Mr. ROONEY. I trust you will sup 130 cities, we want the same advantage detailed to attend courses of training con port the amendment I have offered, and do not want to be discriminated ducted by the Government or other agencies which would, as I said before, put back against." So the committee felt that in serving aviation; $66,133,000, and the War into circulation our airport tower control view of this hodge-podge program which and Navy Departments are authorized to program. now has gotten into the category of "pork transfer to the Civil Aeronautics Adminis Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I rise barrel" we should call it to the attention tration without charge aircraft, aircraft en in opposition to this amendm6nt. of Congress by eliminating the item, so gines, parts, flight equipment, and hangar, line, and shop equipment surplus to the This committee eliminated $4,849,000 far as the payment of salaries to the op needs of such Departments: Provided, That for the air-traffic-control towers because erators is concerned, and leave in all of none of the funds hereby appropriated shall the membership is convinced now, more the safety factors. be used for the employment of personnel fo1• than ever, that these towers should be I know how difficult it is for Members the operation of air-traffic control towers: operated by the cities and municipalities of Congress to make their decision on Provided further, That there may be credited in which the airports are located and this amendment, because every Member to this appropriation, funds received from who derived the benefit from t.he traffic who has a control tower in his town and States, counties, municipalities, and other of the airports. The commercial air district being paid for by the Federal public authorities for expenses incurred in Government has a score of telegrams in the maintenance and operation of airport lines, the nonscheduled air lines, and traffic control towers. private :fliers should participate in this his possession demanding that he work cost. Last year, the funds for these to restore this money into this bill. Also, Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I offer towers were restored on the :floor of the a large number of Members who have an amendment. House for the same arguments being air control towers in their towns or dis The Clerk read as follows: presented today. I supported the tricts, being paicl for by municipalities, Amendment offered by Mr. RooNEY: On amendment last year, feeling that we have telegrams and letters in their pos page 45, line. 18, strike out "$66,133,000" and should take care of the most important session from the mayors and other offi insert "$70,982,000"; and on page 45, line 23, towers temporarily as a stopgap. Be cials demanding to get in on the band strike outr 'the proviso beginning with ihe fore the war, the control-tower operators wagon. word "That" and ending with the colon in Those of you who believe in economy line 1 on page 46. were paid for by the municipalities. Many of them used CAA operators. The and recognize the financial condition of Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, this is Army then took over the operations of the Federal Treasury shou.ld hesitate the item in which I know a great many the air-control towers, and when the war before you cast your vote in favor of this of us are vitally interested. This is the was over, the Army stated they no longer amendment. The amendment should be paragraph in the bill wherein the entire needed the towers for the prosecution of defeated in order to give the Interstate amount of moneys requested by the Civil the war and they returned them to the Commerce Committee notice that we Aeronautics Administration for airport municipalities. It was thought at that want some legislation in order to safe traffic-control towers is eliminated. The time that it would be well to continue guard our Treasury and bring about a majority members of this subcommittee operating some of the most important badly needed review of the entire finan and the majority members of the full towers under Government expense for cial conditions ·of the Civil Aeronautics Committee on Appropriations in their about a year, in order to give the munici Administration and its relationship to the judgment cut out the amount $4,849,000 palities, the air lines, and the CAA an American taxpayer and the aviation in for these very, very necessary airport opportunity to arrange for a method of dustry generally. traffic-control towers. My amendment paying for these operators out of·private I want to repeat what I told the mem would put the airport traffic-control funds. The committee felt that, as long bers of the committee yesterday in my tower program back in circulation. It as the Government is constructing most general statement regarding my concern would iricrel:!-se the amount on line 18, of the airports furnishing most of the over the matter of cost, and the predic page 45, from $66,133,000 to $70,982,000, equipment and safety aids, it should not tions which are made every day con and also strike out the proviso beginning be called upon to pay for the salaries of nected with the air industry. This refers on line 23 on page 45 wherein the com the operators of the air-control towers to the great increases in the number of mittee would like to have us say that any more than it should be called upon airplanes and personnel and the air in none of the funds appropriated in the to pay for the railroad operators and dustry generally that affect the future. paragraph shall be used for the employ train dispatchers in the railroad depots. I might point out that the number of ment of personnel for the operation of A majority of the committee feels that domestic civil aircraft produced in 1941 air-traffic control towers. with a transfer of 'the costs of operating was a little over 8,000. It is estimated I feel that I do not need to say very these towers the safety factor is in no 50,000 will be produced in 1948. The much with regard to this item because way affected. The towers would be con total registered aircraft in 1941 was 22,- the temper of the House was expressed tinued to be operated by CAA personnel 500, and it is estimated 171,000 will be yesterday. I inserted at page 5196 of under CAA standards and the cities and produced in 1948. The total revenue yesterday's RECORD a list of the airport municipalities would merely be reim passenger-miles in 1938 was 1,300,000,000, traffic-control towers, numbering 148, bursed $25,000 or $35,000 each annually and it is estimated that in 1948 the total showing the locations where those tow for the operation of the towers. The revenue passenger-miles will be 7,500,- ers were intended to be. This is just an actual maintenance of these towers, that 000,000. It seems obvious that the Fed other instance of penny-wise, pound is, installing equipment and keeping it eral Government cannot afford to con foolish economy on the part of the ma in first-class condition, would continue tinue to increase appropriations to the jority. They eliminate 148 of these traffi~ to be a responsibility of the CAA and CAA in proportion to the increased air control towers with the e:x.pectation, the funds are provided in this bill for that activity. hope, and the prayer that somebody else purpose. It would be very well for Members of will pay for them, when the fact of the It is my sincere belief that if something Congress to inform themselves what it matter is they are thereby jeopardizing is not done, or started very soon, this item cost the taxpayer every tim~ a commer safet.7 on our entire system of national will eventually cost the taxpayers more cial airplane leaves an airport with a load airways. than $150,000,000 a year and the present of passengers and freight. It is time to Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Chair amount will be increased every year, or review this entire matter of cost. man, will the gentleman yield? as rapidly as the real pressure can be Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. ROONEY. I yield to the gentle placed on the CAA by the hundreds of the gentleman yield? Does the com man from Alabama. cities which want the government to pay mittee understand that we have 4,700 Mr. JONES of Alabama. What was for this service and which they· are pay airports now in the United States? the expenditure for this service last year? ing for themselves without complaint. Mr. STEFAN. We have 4,728 airports Mr. ROONEY. I do not have that These municipalities and their officers 1n the United States. figure readily available. tell me, "We are paying for the operators Mr. DONDERO. That means we have Mr. STEFAN. If the gentleman will in our· towers ourselves and we are will 100 airports for every State in the yield, we had an amount last year for 130- ing to do that if the rest of the cities in Union. XCIII--335 5306 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 Mr. STEFAN. Besides that, the Army discussed on yesterday. I want to ex whereby we can set up a plan and deter and Navy turned over to us by way of plain the difference between the substi mine who is going to pay for a lot of this surplus more than 400 surplus airports tute amendment and the amendment of airway equipment. I think the day will which were built for war purposes. fered by the gentleman from New York. soon be here when the air lines should They told us in committee they will have The gentleman from New York sug pay a greater share of the cost of the air in addition to that many more surplus gests that we strike out the proviso at line equipment; but I do think it is the Army and Navy airports for which they the end of the section which permits the responsibility of the Federal Government will have no further use. CAA to receive reimbursements from to provide the equipment to operate Mr. SABATH. Mr. Chairman, will States, counties, and municipalities. I what we usually refer to as our Federal the gentleman yield? believe that should be left in the bill. airways system. Mr. STEFAN. I yield. Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, will The gentleman from Nebraska stated Mr. SABATH. Is not the gentleman the gentleman yield? that there were 4,000 or more airports in and the committee aware that this air Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I yield. the United States. Nobody is even ask transportation is increasing by leaps and Mr. ROONEY. That is not it at all. ing that we put a federally-operated con bounds and that it would be manifestly Mr-. MILLER of Connecticut. Did not trol tower at every one of those airports. unfair to unload the cost of maintaining the gentleman ask that that provis.o be This expensive CAA program has these towers on the local governments? stricken out? grown considerably in the past few years. Mr. STEFAN. I am aware of that Mr. ROONEY. The only proviso that and it is going to grow in the future, but more than you are because I have lived I asked be stricken out was the proviso so have the revenues. I want to refer with this thing for more than 15 . years. which stated that none of the funds to a paragraph of the testimony pre I know about it. Certainly I am aware hereby appropriated shall be used for the sented to the Interstate and Foreign of it. I am just as interested in the employment of personnel for the opera Commerce Committee this morning safety factor as you or anybody else. tion of air traffic control towers. bearing on this subject of revenues from That is what J. am going to talk about. The· gentleman's amendment does not air lines and air-line operations. Mr. We cannot discriminate on safety. If even include that. So while the gentle Carlton Putriam, president, Chicago & one airport. gets the service, why should man asks for the same .amount as I do, Southern Air Lines, Inc., testified: not other airports· get the service? except an additional thousand dollars, Under an estimate made for Congre~s by Mr. SABATH. But the elimination of more or less, he does not provide that the the Board of Investigation and Research, the this appropriation will not help for the airport traffic .control towers may be domestic air lines thus far have received in safety for our air travelers. the way of mail subsidy about $110,000,000. maintained. This appears to have been pretty well paid Mr. STEFAN. I will get into that_and Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I beg - back, since the direct expenditure from ap explain it. the. gentleman's pardon and the pardon propriations in the domestic air-mail service· Mr. HORAN. Mr. Chairman, will the of the Committee. I had the wrong pro by the Post Office Department, including gentleman yield? vi~o in mind. The proviso I had in· mind both the payments to carriers and all the Mr. STEFAN. I yield. was at the top of page 46.· other direct costs of maintaining the serv Mr. HORAN. Is it not true that we Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con ice, but not indirect allocations, was $361,- are at the place where we have to make 436,839 through 1946, whereas the postal sent to withdraw the substitute amend revenue was $484,071,259, leaving a credit in a decision? Either we have to · cut out ment and that I may be recognized on the air lines' favor on this basis of $122, the control towers or we have to-furnish the Rooney amendment. 634,420. This exceeds by more than $32,- control towers and operate them for The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection 000,000 the $90,000,000 estimated by the Civil every airport. to the request of the 'gentleman from Aeronautics Board to be the air lines' share Mr. STEFAN. Absolutely. Some Connecticut? of the costs of airways and airports. So we where along the line you have got to There was no objection. have a total of perhaps $200,000,000 (the make a start, and here it is. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman $110,000,000 plus the · $90,000,000) so far ad Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. CP,airman, will vanced by the Government, in the form of from Connecticut is recognized. support, with accruals back to the Govern the gentleman yield? Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Chairman, will the ment of all of this, plus the Post Office's Mr. STEFAN. I yield. gentleman yield? direct allocations, plus $32,000,000. Mr. CRAWFORD. Do not the fares Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Briefly. which are charged passengers for travel Mr. BROOKS. I assume from what the A great deal of this maintenance cost ing in these planes cover a substantial gentleman said that he is very much in for airways is coming back to the Treas ; gross cost so that the air lines can pay favor of increasing the appropriations. ury through the Post Office Department. for some of these improvements? Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I am ab · Mr. Wright, of the CAA,-testified when Mr. STEFAN. The argument will be solutely in agreement with the gentleman this matter was under considerati'on by made that they do not and that ·the from New York in restoring the full the subcommittee, as follows: commercial lines are not making money amount. Mr. WRIGHT. We feel that the airport traffic now. Mr. BROOKS. I am very glad to learn control towers are a vital and integral part Mr. Chairman, I oppose the amend that and I assure the gentleman that I of the Federal airways system, and it would be ment. absolutely inappropriate. With the increas think he is right. ing traffic that there is it would possibly be Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Chairman, will the disastrous to have those operated by local Chairman, I offer a substitute amend gentleman yield? communities. ment. Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I yield. Again he said: The Clerk read as follows: Mr. RIVERS. Our distinguished friend Substitute amendment offered by Mr. MIL from Nebraska made the statement that Mr. WRIGHT. If you are talking of the re LER of Connecticut for the Rooney amend the only reason we favored this was be imbursement to the Government of one part ment: On page 45, line 18, strike out "66,133" cause we got telegrams from mayors and of the expense, such as we are talking about and insert "$70,-983." under this general Federal airways program, so forth. Is that the reason the gentle that would be a possibility, if you could get The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman man favors it? all the cities to do it, but if one refused to from Connecticut is recognized for 5 Mr. MTILER of Connecticut. I have do it, it seems to me you would be left with minutes in support of his amendment. not received a single telegram from any out one link in your whole Federal airways system, and you simply could not fly air Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. mayor in my district. There are only two planes, into that airport under instrument Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to control towers in my district. To me this weather conditions. proceed for three additional minutes. is a matter of making our airways safe The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection and nothing more. Mr. Chairman, there is the best au to tl;le request of the gentleman from I usually agree with the gentleman thority I know of on the operation of the Connecticut? · from Nebraska. As I said on yesterday, American airways. There was no objection. I agree with the gentleman from Ne Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Chairman, will The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman braska in the ultimate plan of eventually the gentleman yield? from Connecticut is recognized for 8 turning the cost of these control-tower Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I yield minutes. operations back to the States. I believe, to the gentleman from Tennessee. Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. however, that should be done only after Mr. JENNINGS. How much does the Chairman, this matter was pretty well the Congress has considered legislation gentleman's amencment increase this 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5307 appropriation for thf maintenance of would not be able to afford to do it, Mr. HINSHAW. I yield to the gentle these airways? because while they might be an im man from New York. Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. A little portant airport for either air line flying Mr. ROONEY. The gentleman stated less than $5,000,000. or private fiying or military fiying, they at the outset that his substitute amend The CHAIRMA!'I. The time of the might be small municipalities, and hence ment was similar to mine except for gentleman from . Connecticut has ex be unable to support a control tower. the amount of $133,500 for the Washing pired. My committee on Interstate and For ton National Airport. Does the gentle Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, I of eign Commerce, having the subject of ai:rr man realize that on page 47 of the bill fer a substitute amendment for the safety under investigation and study under "Maintenance and operation, Rooney C:tmendment. since the 15th of January of this year, Washington National Airport," the The Clerk read ::ts follows: is now giving very careful thought to amount of $133,500 to which he refers many matters relating to aviation, and is included? Substitute amendment offered by Mr. Mr.li1NSHAW. That is exactly why I HINSHAW for the amendment offered 'by Mr. this is one of them. Whether or not we RooNEY: On page 45, line 18, strike out "$66,- will be able to resolve an equitable solu deducted it from the over-all item, be 133,000" and insert "$70,848,500", and strike tion to this problem any different thai} cause it is included in the Washington out the proviso beginning on line 23 , page the one now being used, is a question National Airport item according to your 45 , and ending on line 1, page 46.' which we cannot answer as yet. It is committee report and hence is not needed entirely too complicated. as a part of the over-all amount. Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, the There are airports which are used Mr. ROONEY. The gentleman is difference between the Rooney amend principally by Army· and Navy fiiers. utterly incorrect. I am sure the chair ment and my amendrr!ent is the deduc There are airports which are principally man of the subcommittee on his side tion of $133,500 which I find upon :read used by the private fiiers :flying small will explain it to him. ing the hearing5 and the committee re airplanes. There are airports such a.s Mr. HINSHAW. May I ask the chair port was allocated and assigned to the LaGuardia and Washington National man of the committee if I am not cor Washington National Airport and in that are used very largely and almost rect in that statement? cluded in the Washington National Air exclusively by commercial operators. Mr. STEFAN. The item was deducted port appropriation for the purpose of Landing fees are charged to commercial in the· committee. maintaining the control-towei· operation operators, of course, but there is only, one Mr. HINSHAW. Ded~cted from here in Washington. Consequently, it is airport in the United States that is even what? not needed as a part of this over-all ap breaking even today-! guess Washing Mr. STEFAN. It has been deducted propriation, and I have deducted it from ton National is coming close to it-but from the amount w , allowed. If the the total amount. LaGuardia Airport, I understand, shows gentleman will read the third paragraph In respect to control tower operation, a small profit. No other airport in the on r)age 27 of the committee report, he I think that I am as well qualified to United States is able to show a profit. op will find that we deducted this $133,500 speak on this .subject as nearly any its operations as yet. However, the ~usi for the maintenance and operation of Member of the House, having been a ness is growing,.and it may be that in the air control tower, Washington Airport, member of the investigating committee not too distant future some will be able from the item the gentleman seeks to of which the gentleman from Oklahoma, to show a profit on their airports. How decrease on page 4!l, line 18, namely, Mr. Nichols, was chairman, and which ever, they are not presently able to sup $66,133 000. included the gentleman from Illinois port the quality of control-tower oper Mr. HINSHAW. The gentleman [Mr. DIRKSEN], the gentleman from ators and the number of control-tower means that the amount of $4,890,000, Texas, Mr. Kleberg, and the gentle operators that are reqUired to bring or whatever it is, was originally $133 ,500 man from Tennessee, Mr. Pearson. safety to aviation. higher than that? The first time that we came to the full Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. Mr. STEFAN. That is correct. conclusion that control towers definitely Chairman, will the· gentleman yield? Mr. HINSHAW. Then I am wrong, should be operated by the Federal Gov Mr. HINSHAW. I yield to the gentle- but the bill and the committee report ernment was upon the investigation of man from Connecticut. · are quite indefinite on that point. Under the accident that occurred at Atlanta, Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Was it the circumstances, Mr. Chairman, I ask Ga., wherein our former colleague, Bill not brought out before our committee unanimous consent to withdraw my sub Byron, was killed, and Eddie Ricken that if this GCA equipm~nt is operated, stitute amendment, with the hope that backer was seriously injured. We came as they hope to by the control-tower the Rooney amendment will be adopted. to the conclusion then and there that to operators, that it will make them even a The CHAIRMAN. ,Is there objection trust the municipality for the quality of more essential part of the control-tower to ·~ht: request of the gentleman from operators, with the salary scales offered operation? California? by some municipalities and with the Mr. HINSHAW. That is light. A con There was no objection. patronage system involved, was a wholly sole with two radar scopes can be used Mr. HAVENNER. Mr. Chairman, I unsatisfactory way to operate such an very handily by the control-tower oper move to strike out the last word. important part of our airway _system. ators themselves, and much to my sur Mr. Chairman, I have asked for this If you will examine the accident sta prise, in the Washington National Ai~ tl.me in order to read to the House two tistics over the years you will find that a port budget, they put in $69,000 for addi telegrams which I have received from very high proportion-the exact propor tional personnel to operate the radar officials of the city and county of San tion is not in my mind at the moment, scope. Francisco. The first is from Hon. Roger but it is in my mind as 80 percent;-{)! The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Lapham, mayor of San Francisco. I all accidents to aircraft, both civil, mili quote: tary, and commercial, occur on or in the gentleman from California has expired. Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask Am .advised House Appropriations Com immediately vicinity of airports when unanimous consent that the gentleman's mittee has eliminated from Commerce De .the airplanes are under control of the time be extended three additional partment appropriation bill funds for op local control zone operator or th~ air minutes. . eration of San Francisco airport air-traffic port control-tower operator. Conse The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection control tower. While we naturally protest quently, it is of the very highest im to the request of the gentleman from imposition of this. financial burden on our portance that these control-tower op local government, we are more principally New York? concerned because of firm feeling that all erators be just top notch. There was no objection. traffic-control-tower men should be hired ·Now, to say that you are going to turn Mr. HINSHAW. There is no need and controlled by one agency, necessarily this function back to the municipalities whatever, as I see it, to supply additional Federal, in the interest of uniform control on June 30 next and expect them to operators at control towers for the oper in all airports and resulting standardization support the operation of control towers ation of these radar scopes. I under ot safety for benefit of all pilots as well is, in my humble opinion, perfectly ri· as passengers. It is unthinkable that na stand however, that very large sums of tional and international air commerce and diculous. The local communities are not money were suggested by the CAA for lives of countless thousands of passengers in a position to take over these control that purpose. should be jeopardized. towers on the 30th of next June, and if Mr. ROONEY·. Mr: Chairman, will the I personally oppose centralization of gov they were, there are many of them that gentleman yield? ernment in Federal hands as a matter of 5308 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 broad principle, but feel that air commerce, As we all know, the primary respon Mr. BAKEWELL. This figure in which knows no State boundaries and few sibility for the saf~ty of the airways is cludes -the $4,849,000 which was cut by international ones, is type of operation so lodged in the Civil Aeronautics Author the Appropriations Committee together fast moving and broad that centralization $63,734 in Federal agency of safety control and su ity. To attempt to return that function with the sum of submitted by the pervision is only answer in this particular to the communities, would in my judg CAA as the cost of devices and personnel case. ment be inviting confusion, lack of required for the operation of an airport San Francisco now spending $20,000,000 to uniformity, and possibly disaster. The which was recently approv~d by it, that make our airport one of world's finest. Many CAA has very high st9.ndards and quali is, after the CAA had submitted its orig other cities also modernizing airports for fications for its personnel. It has an inal estimates to the Appropriations safety and convenience. All this would be established and uniform system through Committee. In that regard I should like undermined 1f uniform safety standards of It to defer to my colleague the gentleman air-traffic-control-tower men are sidetracked out the country. means a great deal by Federal Government. to every Army, Navy, commercial, and from Missouri [Mr. CoLE], in whose dis ROGER D. LAPHAM, private pilot who comes into an airport trict this recently approved airport is Mayor. if he is accustomed to the system of com situated. munications which is in operation there. Mr. ROONEY. I think there are a And now, Mr. Chairman, I would like to There is now perfect cooperation between number of gentlemen who have local air quote a telegram which I have received land and air which must be maintained, ports they would like to have included. from Mr. Mike Doolin, manager of the particularly when we consider the split The CHAffiMAN. The time of the San Francisco Airport, who is in attend second decisions which frequently must gentleman from Missouri [Mr. BAKE- ance at the convention of the American be made in, bringing a plane-in for land WELL] has expired. . Association of Airport Executives in ing at a crowded airport or controlling Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask Chicago. I quote: traffic for take-off. unanimous consent that the. gentleman The American Association of Airport Exec What is the cost of this program? I be given two additional minutes. utives in annual convention at Chicago and believe in economy. This program is less The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection as a special first order of business request to the request of the gentleman from that you present to the Congress immedi than $5,000,000. Yet, if you have one ately its unanimous and urgent protest disaster involving a DC-6 you will have New York? against the elimination from CAA appro lost almost a million dollars right there. There was no objection. priations of funds for the operation of air Of course, we would not attempt to eval Mr. ROONEY. I wonder if the gen traffic control towers. This association, com uate in dollars and cents the human lives, tleman would advise me as to-how he posed of airport managers and executives of and on these large passenger ships there arrived at that amount. wide experience in aviation, and from locali can be 40, 50, or 60 people. Mr. BAKEWELL. , ! .defer to my col ties with the heaviest volume of air traffic, The committee recommends that the league the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. are amazed at the elimination of funds for CoLE), in whose district this particular this key agency on which is dependent the CAA personn~l still operate thes~ air safety of air commerce and the life of every ports, but that the city should reimburse airport is located. pilot and air passenger on air line or any them. · Mr. COLE of Missouri. If the gentle other aircraft. With due deference to this recommen man will yield, I hope to get time after Congress must reinstate funds for the dation of the committee, I do not think the gentleman has yielded the floor: Federal operations of air traffic control to'wers that it is realistic. There will be a divi However, I will say that the CAA fur or take the responsibility for the complete sion of responsibility. You will have nished me the figure of $63,734 for the break-down of a system of ftight control operation of the control tower and the which has been proven the safest in the these flight-control tower operators in world. the impossible position of trying_to serve replacing of equipment there at St. MIKE DOOLIN, - two masters; that is, the CAA, by whose Joseph, Mo. Manager, San Francisco Airport. regulations they must abide, and the Mr. ROONEY. I believe the gentle municipalities, who are paying their sal man from Louisiana [Mr. HEBERT] also Mr. BAKEWELL. Mr. Chairman, I has an airport down in New Orleans that offer an amendment, which is at the aries. Mr. PLOESER. Mr. Chairman, will the CAA gave him some figures with re Clerk's desk. gard to a new proJect. Does the gentle The Clerk read as follows: the gentleman yield? Mr. BAKEWELL. I yield to my col.! man from Missouri realize that these Substitute amendment offered by Mr. league. items have not been presented by the BAKEWELL for the Rooney amendment. Bureau of the Budget; that they have Page 45, line 18, strike out "$66,133,000" Mr. PLOESER. I would like to say to and insert in lieu thereof "$71,045,734." my colleague from Missouri that I sup not been examined by this committee On page 45, line 23, strike out beginning port wholeheartedly the idea that this and by the able chairman the gentleman with the word "That", down to and including should be under Federal supervision, and from Nebraska [Mr. STEFAN], and the the word "towers", on page 46, line 1, and I will support not only his substitute but majority members of the committee, and insert in lieu thereof the following: "That that the figure which he suggests is one $4,877,734 of the funds hereby appropriated I would support the amendment offered by the gentleman from New York [Mr. that is more or less taken out of thin air? shall be available for the employment of per I sonnel for the operation of air-traffic con RooNEY]. However, I do believe that Mr. BAKEWELL. yielded to the trol towers." with the tremendous growth of this cost gentleman for a question, and now if I to the Federal Government, an imme may answer him: In the first place I do Mr. BAKEWELL. Mr. Chairman, the diate plan should be brought about not think that the CAA merely takes its objective of this amendment is sub whereby we will have local reimburse figures out of thin air. As far as I am stantially the same as the objective of ment. I do not believe we should go on concerned, I think every airport that is the amendMent offered by the distin and on and on and let these costs mount under the supervision of the CAA should guished gentleman from New York. when in the main they are to the credit have this same type of operation. I However, ;t goes a little bit further than and the additional service of the air would have gladly acceded to the request his. lines and the municipalities. I support of any Member of this Congress in whose His amendment eliminates lines 23, 24, it in the hope that this Congress can district an airport might recently have and 25, which provide that these funds bring a program which will reimburse been approved but for which funds were should not be used for the personnel the Federal Government for the man not allocated in this bill. And now to handling air-control towers. My amend agement of airport controls. include the airport for which the request ment goes further and affirmatively Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, will is made by the gentleman from Missouri states that these funds, if they should [Mr. COLE], is just extending my theory be reinstated, shall specifically be used the gentleman yield? that you must have uniformity in evei·y for this purpose. My amendment like Mr. BAKEWELL. I yield . . airport throughout the country. wise increases the amount from $4,849,- Mr. ROONEY. Will the gentleman We witnessed a series of air casual 000 to $4,877,000, in order to iaclude please advise the amount that he insert ties last winter. The Congress initiated within this program an airport which was ed in line 18 in lieu of $66,130,000? an investigation. Suppose we deny the approved and recognized by the CAA Mr. BAKEWELL. $71,045,734. CAA these funds, and some crashes oc after it had submitted its figures to the Mr. ROONEY. May I inquire of the cur as a result. Suppose, further, that Committee on Appropriations. gentleman how he arrived at that figure? the Congress undertakes an investiga- 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5309 tion, and comes to the conclusion that done that will provide the maximum amount 10. A large proportion of airport traffic is the cr·ashes were due to untrained and of safety in all aspects of air traffic control. interstate or international rather than local inexperienced · flight-control operators. The committee has recommended that the and the responsibility' of controlling this airport control tower operators be retained traffic should not be placed upon the mu Then the Congress will stand self in the employ of the Civil Aeronautics Ad nicipality. accused and self-convicted before the ministration and the individual cities re entire country. imburse the Civil Aeronautics Administra CHICAGO, ILL., May 10, 1947. I appeal to you, my colleagues, to re tion for salaries which supposedly would Hon. CLAUDE I. BAKEWELL, store these funds. Aviation is pecu allow standardization. There is no law nor House of Representatives, liarly interstate and national in scope, requirement to force the cities to take such Washington, D. C.: more so than any other medium of action. Furthermore, if a number of key Word has reached me that there is lan cities fail to accept this responsibility the guage in H. R. 3311, page 45, and elsewhere travel. To turn this responsibility back entire system of traffic control is broken and to the local communities would definitely in this measure, that strike out $4,849,000 safety is greatly jeopat:dized. This type of which will have the effect of discontinuing be a step backward in the development arrangement will necessarily require airport all present Federal air traffic control tower and progress of aviation. There must be traffic controllers to serve two agencies; operators. Under this plan replacements can uniformity in the operation of air-con namely, the individual cities and the Federal come only from local municipalities improp trol towers. To deny these funds to the Government which will not be conducive to erly trained, ill-equipped political appointees. CAA is tinkering with safety and toying efficient and safe operations. The Nation's air line pilots object most with human life which we· cannot afford For your information, we are attaching a strenuously to this deletion of funds from condensation. of the reasons that the air-line H. R. 3311 on the grounds that it will have to do when we consider the compara industry feels that the Civil Aeronautics Ad tively ritinor sum involved. the effect of causing the harmful disintegra ministration should operate airport traffic tion of the present Nation-wide uniform air Mr. Chairman, under unanimous con control towers. This material has been sup traffic control operation procedure which is sent to revise and extend my remarks in plied to the Bureau of the Budget and the marked advance in air traffic control meth the RECORD, I include a copy of a letter agencies interested in the matter, which have ods. The presently employed air traffic con received from Gen. Milton W. Arnold, requested that the Air Transport Association trollers, methods, and procedw·es are the vice president, in charge of operations provide this data for their guidance in con results of years of trial and error, careful and engineering of the Air Transporta sidering this question. selection, and expert training. To destroy Sincerely yours, all this and throw it into the hands of local tion Association of America, and also a MILTON W. ARNOLD, copy of a telegram received from Mr. municipalities where these jobs will become Vice President, Operations and En political footballs and will be used for local David L. Behncke, president, Air Line gineering. patronage purposes dependent on who hap Pilots Association: pens to have the upper hand politically at Am TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, REASONS FOR CAA OPERATION OF CONTROL TOWERS the time and changing with each changing Washington, D. C., May 9, 1947. 1. Standardization of training of control political regime, will result in a disastrous The Honorable CLAUDE I. BAKEWELL, lers has been reached through CAA training backward step in the development of our Congressman trom Miesouri, courses. air line network so important to our air com House of Representatives, 2. Procedures and phraseologies have been merce and to national defense. Air- line Washington, D. C. standardized. traffic and air traffic control from one end to MY DBAl:. CONGRESSMAN BAKEWELL: I 3. Technical advances in equipment de- the other still has a long way to go to reach thought you might be interested in the sign more readily possible. . perfection but if the parts of it that have , thoughts of the Air Transport Association 4. Purchase of equipment incorporating reached reasonably safe and practical de concerning the proposal of the House Appro latest design features possible under Federal . velopment are destroyed by foolish economy pd~tions Committee to elimlnate.Civll Aero operation of control towers because of great then we are turning our backs upon what is nautics Administration operation of airport er resources and pUrchasing power of the right and proper and inviting an epidemic control towers. CAA at a saving to the taxpayer. - of air crashes and marching backwards to The scheduled air-line industry is greatly 5. Approach control, a necessity to more the dark ages of air line traffic control. 1 am concerned respecting the possible decrease reliable and safe clearance of aircraft into sure that the Congress of the United States in safety that would .occur should the im and out of airports under restricted condi would not want to do this and upon know portant f~ction of airport traffic control, tions of ceiling and visibility, can only func ing the facts will wisely restore the money with the accompanying responsibility of ap tion when both airport tower personnel and that they have struck from H. R. 3311 for proach control under instrument approach airway traffic personnel are responsible to the payment of the presently employed conditions, be assigned to air traffic con the same central authority. highly experienced and efficient air traffic trollers who were employees either directly 6. Maintenance of tower-operating equip control tower operators in preference to the or indirectly of any agency or organization ment such as radio transmitters and re hodge podge of political appointees to con other than the Civil Aeronautics Adminis ceivers, voice recorders, interphone circuits, etc., more economically and efficiently ac trol our air traffic. The air line pilots of tration. our Nation will deeply appreciate a recon It has been agreed by all Government agen complished by technical specialists employed by the CAA. sideration of this action by the Congress of cies concerned with the operation of air the United States, many of whose Members craft, as wen as representatives of all seg 7. Competent tower-operating personnel they fly as pas~engers to and from their dis ments of civil aircraft operations, that airport essential to the safety of air commerce more. and airway t:r:affic control are no longer sep readily accessible to the CAA than through tricts. To not restore these funds would be arate and distinct functions and must, in municipal sources because of CAA ability to calamitous to the best interests of our coun the interests of safe and reliable aircraft reach by means of Federal civil service all try's air lines and to the defense of our operations, function completely under the · corners of .the country. Opportunities for Nation. supervision and the control of one agency. advancement will be greater because under DAVID L. BEHNCKE, As you are aware, the Civil 1\.eronautics the CAA particularly competent personnel President, Air Line Pilots Association. Administration has adopted a policy of ap may be promoted to better positions at other The CHAffiMAN. The time of the proving approach control only at those air towers. ports where airport traffic control is under 8. Air traffic now using, and which will con gentleman from Missouri has again ex its jurisdiction and the tower operators in its tinue to use, the airways consist of Army and pired. employ. The air lines concur wholeheart Navy aircraft, air-carrier planes, miscellane Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I move edly with this stand. ous aircraft, privately owned aircraft, and that the Committee do now rise. There have been several cases in the past planes of foreign registry. Owing to the The m9tion was agreed to. where approach control has not functioned widespread diversification of interest of oper to the best intere;:;t of safe aircraft opera .ators of the various types of aircraft it is es Accordingly the Committee rose; and tions where control tower operators were em sential to orderly .and safe operational pro the Speaker having resumed the chair, ployed by the municipalities. I believe out cedures that airport-traffic control be exer Mr. CURTIS, Chairman of the Committee standing examples that can be cited are La cised by an ·authoritative Federal agency. of the Whole House on the State of the Guardia F'ield and the Detroit city airport, 9. The practice of permitting airport-tower Union, reported that that Committee, the towers at both of which have subse personnel to make official visibility observa having had under consideration the bill quently been placed under the Civil Aero tions under conditions of variable visibility nautics Administration. for transmission to pilots of aircraft ap H. R. 3311, had come to no resolution With an ever-increasing utilization of air proaching the airport for landings is only thereon. way and airport facilities, and the installa authorized for tower operators employed by EXTENSION OF REMARKS tion of improved navigational aids at air the CAA. This service 1s of great Impor ports, designed to permit speedier and more tance in that the pilot receives instantly any Mr. KEFAUVER asked and was given reliable instrument approaches, it seems visibility information that may affect the permission to extend his own remarks in more important than ever that everything be safety of his approach procedure. the Appendix of the RECORD. 5310 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 Mr. SHORT asked and was given per SECURITY PROBLEMS IN THE ATOMIC apart from ideological considerations, the AGE United States . and the Soviet Union are mission to extend his remarks in the doomed to be the two central contestants, Appendix of the RECORD and include two Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, with because in the search for national security editorials. , the recent passage of the Greek-Turk each is the only r-eal threat to tlle other. Mr. HERTER asked and was given ish loan, the United States is embarked Before we are finally and irrevocably com permission to extend his remarks in the on a far-reaching and radically different mitted to this meaningless struggle there is Appendix of the RECORD and include an foreign policy. still time to consider the consequences. We article. Many of the people who are fairly well cannot insure our ability to strike back after Mr. WEICHEL asked and was given the holocaust of a modern assault merely by informed about the atomic-energy de building more atomic bombs, biological wea permission to extend his remarks in the velopment, look with great concern. on pons, bombers, and rockets than our possible Appendix on two subjects and to include the steadily deteriorating relations with opponent. That nation which is able to pro two resolutions. Russia. Many of us who are neither pro tect from atomic bombing vital sections ot Mr. BAKEWELL asked and was given Russian nor pro-isolationist reserve the its industry and population by subterranean permission to revise and extend his re right to be pro-American in the best dispersal will enjoy a decisive advantage in marks he made in the Committee of the sense of the term-- without becoming anti any future war. If we seek protection in our Whole this afternoon and to include ability to retaliate, we have no time whatever humanitarian. to lose in building secret and self-sufficient therein a .letter and ·a telegram. It is because of my deep interest in underground production centers. Our pres Mr. KING (at the request of Mr. MIL conveying to the people of my district ent. concentration of men ahd machines. in LER of California) asked and was given and the Nation some very pertinent a few congested cities makes us the most permission to extend his remarks in the thinking on the implications of the vulnerable target in the world. There is also Appendix of the RECORD and include a atomic-energy discovery-that I have need for a large professional standing army speech. asked for this time to read into the REc equipped with the most effective modern Mr. DURHAM asked and was given weapons, widely dispersed, and kept in in ORD a startling, brilliant, and challenging stant readiness to launch the counter permission to extend his remarks in the address which was recently given by one offensive. As far as possible our urban popu Appendix of the RECORD and include an of our brilliant young scientists, Mr. Cord lation must be protected by underground editorial. Meyer, Jr. shelters. The concentration of the entire Mr. BELL asked and was given permis Mr. Meyer, in the latter part of his directing personnel of the Government in sion to extend his remarks in the .AP address makes an analysis of the Baruch Washington can no longer be tolerated. pendix of the RECORD and inc1ude an ad plan and makes certain conclusions with This is the minimum price of modern pre paredness. It can only be paid by profound dress given by the Vice President of the which I am not wholly in accord. How Philippines at the Press Club on yester changes in our political and economic system. ever, his arguments are strong and The 1;1ecessary dispersion · of industry can day. worthy of serious consideration. I con only be accomplished by autocratic planning HOUR OF MEETING TOMORROW fess that I am not able to completely and Government edict. Labor will have to refute them with the knowledge I now be conscripted to work in the underground Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask factories. As the stock piles of weapons grow unanimous consent that when the House have. With his suggestion that we ap proach control of the atom by strength our living standards will decline. Antisaqo adjourns today it adjourn to meet at 11 tage and antiespionage precautions will re ening the United Nations in the direction o'clock tomorrow. strict and finally eliminate our civil liberties. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of world government on the security In foreign policy, the search for allies will the request of the gentleman from In plane, I am in complete accord. lead us into backing any regime, no matter Mr. Meyer's address follows: how corrupt and tyrannical, so long as it diana? opposes Russia. In attempting to defend the There was no objection. I hardly need to remind you here who are close to events in the National Capital of the independence . of our country by military PROGRAM FOR THE BALANCE OF THE crisis in foreign relations which our· Gov power in this new age, we will have to give WEEK ernment now faces. It is impossible to ex up all that has made it .worth defending in the past. When the last measure of pre Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask aggerate the fatal significance of the deci sionS' that America cannot ·avoid making in paredness has been completed and the state unanimous consent to proceed for 1 the immediate future. Whether our fate is has become one vast m1litary machine poised minute. for instantaneous retaliation, we will be a to be peace or an atomic-biological war ls driven and degraded people and life for the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the issue. I do not overstate the case when the request of the gentleman from In individual will be a drawn-out agony of I say that the lives of more t:Can one-third oppression and suspense. diana? of humanity and the survival of what we Will these sacrifices accomplish their pur There was no objection. have chosen to call civilization are at stake. pose? Can war be prevented by fear of our Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker; we will Let me describe briefly the three basic al armed power? l do not believe so. As the meet at 11 o'clock tomorrow and take up ternatL·e before us. nations accumulate the weapons with which first the conference report on the Greek The first alternative is to attempt to in they can annihilate each other's cities sus Turkish aid bill. sure our national security by remaining the picions will grow monstrous. Already as strongest military power in the world. Al the struggle for power increases between the We will then continue the considera though there is no effective defense against tion of the State, Commerce, Justice bill, United States and Russia each Government an atomic attack once it is launched, we . protests that its own preparations are purely which I trust can be disposed of expedi can try to prevent a would-be aggressor defensive, but each suspects that the other tiously. from ever beginning such an attack by the plots aggression. Now that the only de The bill from the Committee on Bank obvious size and efficiency of our prepara fense is a counter offensive, there is no longer ing and Currency will then be considered tions for a counteroffensive. By building up any way of distinguishing between defensive and if it is disposed of, and barring some our capacity to retaliate even though our and aggressive preparations, until the last unforeseen development, we expect to cities lie in ruins and half our people are moment when the attack is launched. killed, we can hope to instill such fear into adjourn over from tomorrow afternoon Sooner or later fear will provoke war, and other governments that they will never dare one nation or the other will strike first in until Monday. to risk war with us. This is the policy of order to deny the advantage of the initiative LEAVE OF ABSENC~ peace through intimidation into which our to its opponent. Peace cannot be built on Government is rapidly drifting. mutual terror. In the war that will 1n Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask If we adopt this alternative, other na- · evitably result from competing programs of unanimous consent to be excused for tions have no choice but to do likewise. preparedness industrial society will be to tomorrow on account of personal and When superior military power is the sole tally destroyed. important reasons. guaranty of national security, each govern The second alternative is the preventive The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ment is forced to compete for that superi war. The difficulties and dangers of a pro the request of the gentleman from Michi ority. Every increase in our armed strength longed competition for military supremacy gan? will provoke a corresponding increase in the with Russia have led some to the conclu power of others. A mounting competition sion that we should attack now while we There was no objection. for arms, allies, strategic bases, and raw ma have the atomic bomb and they don't. Life The SPEAKER. Under the previous terials is the inevitable result. Our only magazine has recently condensed for mass order of the House, the gentleman from possible competitor in this strugglP. is the consumption James Burnham's vision of an California [Mr. HoLIFIELD] is recognized Soviet Union, which alone has the poten American empire established and maintained for 30 minutes. tial strength to challenge our lead. Quite by nuclear fission. There are demands iri 194!7 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 5311 the Congress for an immediate show-down collective action. In other words, if and equalizing the factors that condition the with Russia. Because the body of opinion when the Baruch plan is put into effect, the speed with which the various nations can that believes in the preventive war is grow danger of sudden and surprise attack with convert to bomb production. The high level ing with remarkable speed the argument is atom bombs wm be eliminated, since nona of industrialization, the technological skill, worth refuting. Morally, preventive war is tion will have them. Any attempt to make and the , special experience of the United a nice name for aggression. The unsub bombs is to be discovered by an interna States wth atomic energy combine to place stantial suspicion that our victim planned tional intell1gence service, and all govern this country for a long time at a distinct ad to attack at some future date could not ments can then seize the atomic plants in vantage in any sudden attempt to construct mitigate our guilt. Preventive war is the their respective territories and join 1n the race bombs. The Soviet Union might well hesitate act for which we hung the Nazi leaders at to make the first bombs for the resulting to agree to a plan which upon the first vio N1irenburg. Practically, the ureventive war atomic war. All weapons except atomic ex lation would commit it to an atomic arma is not as easy as it has been made to appear plosives are to remain uncontrolled and ment race which it would have little hope of by its supporters. It would not end with each nation is to retain its army, navy, and winning agai:rfst the technological superiority the atomization of Moscow and Leningrad. air force. How practical is this plan and of the United States. Russia may prefer to The Red Army would march into western what chance is there of its general accept continue unrestricted and secret competi Europe, the Middle East, and China. They ance? tion for atomic weapons in the belief that would have many allies, as our attack would It has been claimed that by eliminating an inferior supply of bombs is more protec alienate even our own friends. The result the veto the Baruch plan would insure ef tion than no bombs at all, if a potential ing land campaign would be long and in fective enforcement action against a gov enemy can construct them with greater speed credibly costly. Englan~ and Europe would ernment violating the atomic agreement. I than its own industrial efficiency permits. be ruined beyond repair. If the Russians do cannot agree. Here in new guise 1s the old Even if accepted, the Baruch plan would only not yet have atomic bombs it is quite prob fallacy that separate armed nations can find replace competition for bombs by an intense able that they are already armed with the security by formally undertaking to use their rivalry between the nations for the person means of biological warfare. Should we at respective armies jointly against any one of nel and methods with which to produce tack them they would be justified in strik their number that commits aggression. It is bombs in the shortest possible time. Peace ing back with incurable epidemics that might an attempt to revive the impractical prin based on a balance of power has proved to eliminate whole sections of our population. ciples of the League of Nations and to graft be a brief truce between wars. Peace based Eventually we might be able to win a shadow them on to a veto-ridden United Nations. A on a nice balance of atomic power is not victory. We would then be forced to estab mere change of voting rules in the Securit-y likely to be any more stable or enduring, lish an iron tyranny over the entire earth Council can have no effect on the actions of whether that power exists as bombs ready in order to prevent the defeated from con the United States and Russia. If either chose for use or as plants capable of conversion structing modern weapons for revenge. Nor to defy the international inspectors and within 3 months to bomb manufacture. can the spread of communism be stopped by seize the plants of the Authority, the result Another serious obstacle to the acceptance killi.ng large numbers of those who believe would be World War III, with the two giants of the plan is the fact that under its pro in it. Past attempts to crush militant faiths and their satellites ranged against each other. visions the nations are to remain free to com by the sword have been singularly unsuc No majority vote in the Security Council pete for every weapon except bombs. With cessful. could disguise that reality or .Provide pro proper concern for American security, the Who would fight this preventive war for tection. It is even unlikely that such a vote Senate would be justified in refusing to de those who seek to provoke it? I believe that could ever be taken. The seizure of atomic stroy our atomic weapons except in conjunc there are many who fought bravely and well plants would be such a clear indication of tion with the demobilization of the Red Army in the last war to defend their coJintry who aggressive designs that it would only be at and in return for material proof that Russia would prefer jail to the role of aggressors. tempted in coordination with a general as was not preparing for other types of special Preventive war is a nightmare that we must sault launched with rockets, blockbusters, ized warfare. The Senate leaders have re reject. bacteria, and mechanized armies. The vic peatedly demanded a fool-proof system of There is a third alternative: It is the policy tims of the attack would be more interested security in return for any surrender of atomic of attempting to find with the Soviet Union in defending themselves than in voting. secrets. The Baruch plan is far from fool and the other nations a cooperative solution Changes in the structure of the United Na proof. Each nation would retain as many of the security problem. Good-will gestures tions more fundamental than a juggling of millions of soldiers, as many mechanized di of unilateral disarmament are futile and voting rules in the SecuritY Council are nec visions and biological weapons as it wished. dangerous. But we must offer to join with essary, if the swift, certain, and sure system Against a large nation armed with these others in transforming an impotent United of punishment which Mr. Baruch called for forces, an attempt to punish a violation of Nations into a reliable system of international is ~o be achieved. the atomic agreement would result 1n a long security while preserving our national armed Under the Baruch plan, veto or no veto, war and indecisive con1llct. By agreeing to the strength until general agreement to the new would result from interference with the in Baruch plan, the United States would be system is obtained. Once it Is recognized spection system. The plan recognizes this giving up its one decisive weapon in return that no amount of sacrifice for armaments fact by calling for a strategic balance of for the- privilege of competing for other can delay war for long or protect the country atomic plants among the nations. The num weapons where it has no advantage. when war comes, It is clear that we have a ber of plants and the amount of nuclear fuel I hope this analysis of the plan will indi right and a duty to demand that the first within the borders of each nation will be an cate why many of us in UWF believe that a objective of the United States Government essential factor in its national security. If more comprehensive and effective scheme is be the establishment of an effective interna one nation ·seizes its plants to produce necessary, if there is to be any chance of tional organization for our protection. bombs, the others will be forced to seize acceptance by either the Russians or the What has the United States Government theirs, and the side that has the largest United States Senate. The fatal defect of done to date in order to strengthen the atomic industry will have a considerable ad Mr. Baruch's proposal is the false assump United Nations and to halt the suicidal arms vantage in the resulting war. Agreement to tion that atomic bombs can be prollibited race that has already begun? It has pro a scheme determining the allocation of while aggression in all its other forms re posed the Baruch plan, and·many think that atomic industry is a prerequisite to the ac mains possible. Security is indivisible and in doing so we have fulfilled our obligation ceptanc~ of the plan and such agreements cannot be realized by attempting to ban one as the first country to develop and use atomic extremely unlikely. particular type of weapon. The first a.lld weapons. The feeling is general that we have For instance, if the Soviet Government be only step toward the prevention of atomic done all within our power to assure peace. lieved that the United States and the British warfare is the creation of an international Now, it is argued, the other nations, and Commonwealth would be allied against it in organization powerful enough to prevent all particularly Ru&sia, must accept the Baruch the event of another war, it could hardly war between nations. By specific amend plan or, by refusing it, convict themselves of agree to an equal division of atomic facilities ments, the United Nations must be strength intent to commit aggression. Whether this among the three. Nor can I imagine either ened to the point where national preparation view is acctirate can only be shown by a the United States or Britain consenting to a for war is not only unnecessary but impossi critical analysis of the Baruch plan itself. balance which would give the Russians as ble. The indispensable changes are briefly As you know, the plan calls for an aboli large an atomic industry as they owned to these: tion of atomic weapons. Inspection and an gether. Similarly, the number of atomic First, the United Nations must be given international monopoly on the potentially plants the United States might allow France the power to administer world laws binding dangerous peacetime uses of atomic energy tor peaceful use \Ould depend entirely upon the individual citizens of each country as are to insure that bombs cannot be secretly the direction of French foreign policy. A their first duty. This constitutional author constructed by any government. Only by victory at the polls for the French Commu ity must be strictly limited to those matters expropriating the plants of the international nists would swing France into the Russian found essential to the preservation of peace. authority would a nation be able to manufac o1·bit. · The United States would then be For example, the United Nations must be able ture bombs, and this seizure would be imme compelled to demand a revision of the bal to prohibit by binding enactment the manu diately evident to the world. All other na ance or accept military inferiority when and facture or ownership by any national govern tions acting through the Security Council if aggression occurred. ment of the means of organized warfare. It are then to join forces against the violator, Agreement to a distribution scheme is must be able to prohibit the use of force in which would not retain its veto to prevent further complicated by the impossibility of the settlement of international disputes, and 5312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 14 it must be able to control and regulate the make war inescapable. Soon preparedness hensive observance of the bicentennial of dangerous aspects of atomic development. and propaganda will have swept both gov John Paul Jones; without amendment (Rept. Secondly, the United Nations must have ernments past all chance of turning back. No. 380). Ordered to be printed. the power to arrest and try in world courts While there is still time and room for hope, Mr. LECOMPTE: Committee on House Ad those who violate the bas!Q security law. We let us present to the people of this country ministration. House Joint Resolution 188. need a procedure through which a Nuremburg the real choice, the destruction of civilized Joint resolution authorizing the erection on trial can be held according to an established society or some measure of world govern public grounds in the city of Washington, law before rather than after war bas begun. ment. When they understand that choice, D. C., of a memorial to the dead of the First Thirdly, the United Nations must have the I have confidence in their decision. Men are Infantry Division, United States Forces, power to conduct an international system of sufficiently rational to acquiesce in their own World War II; without amendment (Rept. inspection with free access into every coun survival. No. 381). Ordered to be printed. try. It would be the task of the inspectors ADJOURNMENT Mr. LECOMPTE : Committee on House Ad to discover any illegal attempt to produce the ministration. House Joint Resolution 190. prohibited armament. . Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I move Joint resolution authorizing the printing Fourthly, the United Nations must have that the House do now adjourn. and binding of a revised edition of Cannon's not only the right to prohibit international The motion was agreed to; accordingly Procedure in the House of Representatives war but the police power to enforce its au e on the State of be legislator, prosecutor, judge, and jury. It torical purposes as a part of the San Jacinto the Union. will become an executive cabinet operating battleground; to the Committee on Armed Mr. HOPE: Committee on · Agriculture. to administer the laws every nation has ac Services. R. R. 1826. A bill making it a petty offense cepted as essential to the common security. 679. A letter from the Under Secretary of to enter any national-forest land while it This would be world government, if you State, transmitting a draft of a proposed bill is ·closed to the public; without amendment want to use the word. But it would be gov provi9,ing for participation by the United (Rept. No. 385). Referred to the House Cal ernment only in a very limited area. Each States in the Inter-American Commission of endar. nation would remain free to conduct its do Women, and authorizing an appropriation Mr. BATES of Massachusetts: Committee mestic affairs and foreign trade without re therefor; to the Committee on Foreign Af on Armed Services. H. R. 1341. A bill to striction. The nations in agreeing to these fairs. authorize the Secretary of the Navy to con amendments would be giving up only the 680. A letter from the Architect of the struct a postgraduate school at Monterey. right and means of annihilating each other. Capitol, transmitting a report with regard to Calif.; with amendments (Rept. No. 386) . There is but one way in which these the remodeling of the Senate and House Referred to the Committee of the Whole changes can be made realities. As the Na caucus rooms and restaurants; to the Com House on the State of the Union. tion which first developed, employed and mittee on Public Works. Mrs. SMITH of Maine: Committee on continues to manufacture atomic weapons, 681. A letter from the Comptroller Gen Armed· Services. H. R. 3215. A bill to re the United States has the responsibility for eral of the United States, transmitting a re vise the Medical Department of the Army taking the initiative in proposing the forma port on audit of Export-Import Bank of and the Medical Department of the Navy. tion of a strong Unit~d Nations. Our uni Washington for the fiscal year ended June 30, and for other purposes; with amendment lateral action in Greece and Turkey has been 1945 (H. Doc. No. 248); to the Committee on (Rept. No. 387) . Referred to the Committee explained on the ground that the United Expenditures in the Executive Departments of the Whole House on the State of the Nations is not yet capable of assuming such and ordered to be printed. Union. a burden. But the United Nations cannot 682. A letter from the Comptroller Gen strengthen itself. It is a league of sovereign eral of the United States, transmitting a re states. and will remain impotent unless its port on audit of Export-Import Bank of PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS members agree to give it the strength it Washington for the fiscal year ended June 30, Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public needs. Through every available instrument 1946 (H. Doc. No. 249); to the Committee on bills and resolutions were introduced and of public information, the American people Expenditures in the Executive Departments severally referred as follows: must be reached with t he knowledge that and ordered to be printed. they must choose between a suicidal war or By Mr. BENNETT of Michigan: a strong United Nations. An insistent and H. R. 3457. A b11l to extend the benefits of informed public demand must be brought to REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC title II of the Social Security Act to em· bear on the Gevernment here in Washington. BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS ployees of States, political subdivisions there But what of Russia? There are many who of, and instrumentalities of States or po Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of litical subdivisions, and to self-employed claim that the Soviet regime would reject committees were delivered to the Clerk any radical amendment of the United Na individuals; to the Committee on Ways and tions and that the offer is not worth mak for printing and reference to the proper Means. ing. I am not so pessimistic. They have calendar, as follows: H. R. 3458. A bill to reduce the retirement as much to lose as we do in a mutually Mr. DONDERO: Committee on Public age and to increase benefits under the o!d devastating war. Faced with a choice be Works. H. R. 310. A bill to authorize the age and survivors insurance system; to the tween a desperate arms race ending in war Secretary of War to permit the delivery of Committee on Ways and Means. and ~n effective system of security protect-· water from the District of Columbia and Ar By ,Mr. CELLER: ing them and us alike, the Kremlin leaders lington County water systems to the Falls H. R. 3459. A bill to amend title II of the may. well choose security. At least, until the Church or other water systems in the metro Social Security Act to provide disability in Russians are given a fair opportunity to make politan area of the District of Columbia in surance benefits and to reduc& the age re the choice, we cannot tell whether the pur Virginia; without amendment (Rept. No. quirement for old-age and survivors insur pose of their present policy is aggression or 378). Referred to the Committee of the ance benefits from 65 to 60 in the case of men defense. An American offer to erect an en Whole House on the State of the Union. and from 65 to 55 in the case of women; to forceable world law would be the only real Mr. DONDERO: Committee on Public the Committee on Ways and Means. test of Russian intentions. If they turned Works. House Joint Resolution 193. Joint H. R. 3460. A bill to extend the benefits of that down, we would be justified in assum resolution to grant authority for the erec title II of the Social Security Act to em ing the worst. But let me repeat that I be tion of a permanent building for the Ameri ployees of certain nonprofit organizations. lieve there is a good chance that they would can National Red Cross, District of Colum and for other purposes; to the Committee accep,t. bia Chapter, Washington, D. C.; with on Ways and Means. I recognize t~at the changes necessary in amendments (Rept. No. 379). Referred to By Mr. HOFFMAN (by request): traditional institutions are great and the the Committee of the Whole House on the H. R. 3461., A bill to establish a procedure time short. A shooting war may not be State of the Union. for fac111tating the payment of certain Gov imminent but we are rapidly approaching Mr. LECOMPTE: Committee on House Ad ernment checks, and for other purposes; to a critical point when in preparation for con ministration. House Joint Resolution 144. the Committee on Expenditures in the flict policies will have been adop~d that Joint resolution providing for the compre- Executive Dep!l-rtments. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5313 By Mr. LANE : By Mr. GEARHART: and Thou wilt surely hear us when we H. R. 3462. A bill to incorporate the· Jewish H. R. 3475. A bill for the relief of Milo call and answer us when we pray. War Veterans of the United States of Amer Jurisevic, Mrs. Jelena Jurisevtc, Svetozar ica; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Jurisevic, and Radmila Jurisevic; to the Com- "Made in His image" is the blessed By Mr. HAND: mittee on the Judiciary. . word in the front door of the immortal H. R. 3463. A b111 to authorize the construc By Mr. GWINN of New York: Book. 0 direct us that we may never tion of a chapel at the Coast Guard Academy, H. R. 3476. A bill for the relief of James J . violate our sacred inheritance. Give us and to authorize the acceptance of private O'Loughlin; to the Committee on the Judi to understand that rich character is the contributions to assist in def_raying the cost ciary. offspring of unbiased meditation in of co : ~struction thereof; to the Committee on By Mr. LYNCH: spired by honest purpose. Grant that Merchant Marine and Fisheries. H. R. 3477. A bill for the relief of Mattia all decisions of this august body may be H. R. 3464. A bill to provide for the mobi Racine; to the Committee on the Judiciary. lization of the scientific resources and knowl By Mr. SHEPPARD: couched in wisdom; 0 keep us this day edge of the United States for the purpose of H. R. 3478. A bill for the relief of the Cali without sin and abide with all in the seeking the causes and cure of cancer, heart fornia-Pacific Utilities Co.; t o the Committee measure of a great peace. disease, infantile paralysis, and other dis on the Judiciary. In our dear Redeemer's name. Amen. eases of mankind; to the Committee on In THE JOURNAJJ terstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. HILL: PETITIONS, FTC. On request of Mr. WHITE, and by H. R. 3465. A bill to amend the Federal Crop Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions unanimous consent, the reading of the Insurance Act; to the Committee on Agri and papers were laid on the.Clerk's desk Journal of the proceedings of Wednes culture. and referred as follows: day, May 14, 1947, was dispensed with, By Mr. McMILLAN of South Carolina: and the Journal was approved. H. R. 3466. A bill to clarify and amend sec 511. By Mr. KING: Petiti~n signed by 64 ~ion 2 of the act of Congress of February 11, residents of Inglewood, Calif., urging the MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT-AP- 1929, with respect to the granting Of relief ·passage of S. 265, which would prohibit the PROVAL OF BILL AND JOINT RESOLU by the Commissioners of the District of Co transportation of alcoholic-beverage adver TION lumbia in cases in which. certain special as tising ·in interstate commerce and the broad sessments have been paid and later held to casting of alcoholic-beverage advertising Messages in writing from the Presi be void or erronec.us; to the Committee on over the radio; to the Cbmmittee on Inter dent of the United States were commu the District of Columbia. state and Foreign Commerce. nicated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one By Mr. SHEPPARD: 512. By Mr. KUNKEL: Petition relative to of his secretaries, and he announced that H. R. 3467: A blll for the relief of the city the Capper bill, S. 265, which penalizes in on today, May 15,1947, the President bad of Needles, Calif.; to the Committee on the terstate transmission, by mail or otherwise, approved and signed the following act Judiciary. of newspapers, periodicals, news reels, pho By Mr. SIKES: tographic films, or records advertising alco and joint resolution: H. R. 3468. A bill to amend the Armed holic beverages or soliciting orders there~ S. 874. An act to authorize the President Forces Leave Act of 1946 so as to grant cer for, advertising by radio being also prohib to appoint Lt. Comdr. Paul A. Smith as tain personnel equitable treatment in the ited, as well as the <> ending of circulars, let Alternate Representative of the United States matter of leave; to the Committee on Armed ters, and so forth, into States which bar liq to the Interim Council of the Provisional Services. uor advertisements; to the Committee on International Civil Aviation Organization or By Mr. COLE of New York: Interstate and Foreign Commerce. its successor, and as representative of the H. R. 3469. A bill to promote the national 513. By Mr. LECOMPTE: Petition of Mrs. United States to the Air Navigation Commit security by providing for the coordination of Daisy McConnell and other members of the tee of the Provisional International Civil all elements of national security, and for the Aviation Organization, without affecting his Methodist Church of Chariton, Iowa, in the status and perquisites as an officer of the reorganization of the military structure of interest of S . .265, S. 623, H. R. 142, and H. R. the Nation to conform to the ;equirements Coast and Geodetic Survey; and 2408; to the Committee on Armed Services. S. J . Res. 86. Joint resolution to authorize of modern warfare; to the Committee on 514. By Mr. MICHENER: Petition for Expenditures in the Executive Departments. Herschel V. Johnson, Deputy Representative warded by Mrs. A. J. Abling, route 3, BUss of the United States to the Security Council By Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL: field, Mich., and signed by 14 other residents H. R. 3470. A bill to provide for pilgrim of the United Nations, to be reappointed to of the community, urging favorable action the Foreign Service. ages of gold-star mothers, sisters, and wives on the Capper bill, S. 265, to prohibit the to the graves of their sons, brothers, and hus transportation in interstate commerce of ad MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE bands who died in the service of the armed vertisements of alcoholic beverages; to the A message from the House of Repre forces of the United States during World Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com War II and who are buried in foreign lands; senatives, by Mr. Swanson, one of its merce. reading clerks, announced that the to the Committee on Armed Services. 515. By Mr. MILLER of Maryland: Petition By· Mr. SHAFER: of residents of Snow Hill, Md., urging pas House had agreed to the report of the H. R. 3471. A b111 to authorize leases of sage of B. 265, a b111 to prohibit transporta committee of conference on the-- dis real or persona~ property by the War a.nd tion of alcoholic-beverage advertising and agreeing votes of the two Houses on the Navy Departments, and for other purposes; amendment of the House to the bill to the Committee on Armed Services. broadcasting alcoholic-beverage advertising By Mr. PETERSON: over the radio; to the Committee on Inter (S. 938) to provide for assistance to H. R. 3472. A blll to provide disability ben state and Foreign Commerce. Greece and Turkey. efits for persons who performed uncompen 516. By Mrs. NORTON: Petition of Lt. The message also announced that the sated services in the administration of the Robert P. Grover Post, No. 377, Jewish War House had passed the following joint Selective Training and Service System and Veterans of the United States, Jersey City, resolutions, in which it requested the the emergency price control and rationing N. J., opposing the enactment of H. R. 318, concurrence of the Senate: program; to the Committee on the Judiciary. a bill to require certain persons within the By Mr. LEONARD W. HALL: United States to carry identificat10n cards H. J. Res. 170. Joint resolution authorizing H. R. 3473. A bill to provide for nonrecog and be fingerprinted, and for other pur the erection in the District of Columbia of nition of gain or loss in the case of anticipa poses; to the Committee on the Judiciary. a memorial to Andrew W. Mellon; H. J. Res. 188. Joint resolution authorizing tory replacement of property condemned for the erection on public grounds in the city of public use; to the Committee on Ways and Washington, D. C., of a memorial to the dead Means. of the First Infantry Division, United States By Mr. HUGH D. SCOTT, JR.: SENATE Forces, World War II; and H. R. 3474. A b111 to amend the Bankruptcy H. J. Res. 190. Joint resolution authoriz Act. to permit compensation or reimburse .THURSDAY, MAY lp, 1947 ing the printing and binding of a revised ment in certain cases to persons acting tn a edition of Cannon's Procedure in the House representati-ve or fiduciary capacity; to the of Representatives and providing that the Committee on the Judiciary.