Kurikka

8 / E8

19 3 / E12

67 Peräseinäjoki

SELECTED GEOSITESNärpes IN THE LAUHANVUORI-Närpiö Teuva HÄMEENKANGAS 67 Jalasjärvi GEOPARK AREA

Kauhajoki

44 Kaskinen Kaskö Iso-Kakkori FROM MOUNTAINS TO MIRES Susiluola Karijoki The geological story of Lauhanvuori- Hyypänjokilaakso Hämeenkangas Geopark tells about dramatic Kristinestad Kristiinankaupunki Käskyvuori change in landscape. In ancient times, a great Nummijärvi mountain range formed in the area. It soon collapsed, and a flat plain was developed. On this plain, a diverse network of mires has developed after the ice age. Katikankanjoni 3 / E12 The oldest rocks in the area were born deep inside the mountains 1,900 million years ago. The youngest stone was made from sand deposited Kauhaneva on the shores of a tropical sea around the time Karvianjärvi multicellular life forms developed, or some 600 23 million years ago. KIhniö Kauhaneva-Pohjankangas Aitoneva Lauhanvuori National Park The heavy ice sheets during the Ice Age were gentle Alkkianvuori on these areas, preserving many of the old deposits. Kankarinjärvi It is thus an important area for research in the Kivijata Spitaalijärvi Raatosulkonneva geological development of Northern Europe. Isojoki Karvia Nerkoonjärvi Lauhanvuori Kuivasjärvi Aumakalliot National Park While the area was almost completely covered by water after the Ice Age, the land started rising rapidly. The events related to land uplift, including a shifting shoreline, affected the soil and also played a role in the development of the mires. The range of mire types is particularly diverse in this area.

8 / E8 44 Mustasaarenkeidas Aurejärvi

Huidankeidas Honkajoki Parkano Haapakeidas Katselmankallio

Pohjankangas Pohjanlahti Bottniska viken Bothnian Bay Siikaisjärvi

Merikarvia Siikainen 23

Selkämeri Bottenhavet Kankaanpää Jämijärvi Bothnian Sea Viheräperänkeidas

Hämeenkangas Uhrilähde-Kylmänmyllynlähde Hämeenkangas Isojärvi Soininharju-Niiniharju Ikaalinen Kyrösjärvi

Pomarkku 3 / E12

23

44

Hämeenkyrö 8 / E8

Noormarkku

Lavia 0 10 20 30 km Karhijärvi 2 © Metsähallitus 2019 PORI BJÖRNEBORG Ylöjärvi PlutonicPlutonic rrocksocks Granodiorite,Granodiorite, tonalite,tonalite, quartz dioritediorite Kauhajoki (1.89-1(1.89-1.88.88 Ga) Kauhajoki GranitGranite,e, gabbro,gabbro, diorite,diorite, peridotiteperidotite (1.89-1.87 Ga) Quartz monzonite, granite, granodiorite KKarijokiarijoki (1.88-1(1.88-1.87.87 Ga) SedimentarySedimentary rocksrocks Siltstone,Siltstone, ssandstone,andstone, cconglomerateonglomerate ((1.0-0.61.0-0.6 GGa)a) MetasedimentsMetasediments andand volcanic/subvolcanicvolcanic/subvolcanic rocksrocks KihniöKihniö BBiotiteiotite pparagneiss,aragneiss, mmetagreywackeetagreywacke ((1.95-1.871.95-1.87 GGa)a) IIsojokisojoki KKarviaarvia VVolcanicolcanic rrocksocks ((1.90-1.881.90-1.88 GGa)a) SubvolcanicSubvolcanic rrocksocks ((1.88-1.871.88-1.87 GGa)a) Fault zones HHonkajokionkajoki PParkanoarkano Fault zones SELECTED DykesDykes SSiikaineniikainen GEOSITES The Lauhanvuori post-glacial BEDROCK GEOLOGY fault at Kivijata is a mark left by JJämijärviäOFmijär vTHEi GEOPARK AREA an earthquake after the ice age. KKankaanpääankaanpää Plutonic rocks It is a six-kilometre-long scar in Granodiorite, tonalite, quartz diorite (1.89-1.88 Ga) the Earth’s crust. The earthquake Kauhajoki Granite, gabbro, diorite, peridotite Ü (1.89-1.87 Ga) occurred around 9000 years ago 0 3300 km Quartz monzonite, granite, granodiorite Karijoki (1.88-1.87 Ga) and was approximately magnitude Pohjakartat:Pohjakartat: © MaanmittauslaitosMaanmittauslaitos (Basemaps:(Basemaps: © NationalNational LandLand SurveySurvey ofof Finland)Finland) Sedimentary rocks

7. It is the southernmost post-ice- Geologic maps: © Geological Survey of Finland, 2018 Siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate age earthquake scar in Finland. (1.0-0.6 Ga) Metasediments and volcanic/subvolcanic rocks Kihniö Biotite paragneiss, metagreywacke The Alkkianvuori granite slope is one of the oldest rock formations The Kivijata stone field is an ancient shore in two generations. It is (1.95-1.87 Ga) Isojoki Karvia in the area. The 1900 million-year-old rocks formed in the depths of made up of sandstone deposited on the shore of the ancient sea around Volcanic rocks (1.90-1.88 Ga) the earth, but have risen to the surface as the ground has eroded. 600 million years ago. The fossilised sandy shore broke down into Kauhaneva is one of Finland’s finest raised bogs and is an internationally Subvolcanic rocks Alkkianvuori is one of the old triangulation points in the region. boulders, which were then worn into beach ridges by the waves after the recognised bird site. The entire range of raised bog surface structures open (1.88-1.87 Ga) ice age. In the past, it was thought to be a wall built by giants. out along the duckboard route. The bog is also an important cultural site. Honkajoki Parkano Fault zones

The medieval Kyrönkangas road crosses the narrowest point of the bog. Dykes Siikainen Plutonic rocks Plutonic rocks Granodiorite, tonalite, quartz diorite Best Granodiorite, tonalite,(1.89-1 quartz.88 Ga) diorite scenic point Kauhajoki (1.89-1.88 Ga) Kauhajoki Plutonic rocks Granite, gabbro, diorite, peridotite in the area KankaanpääJämijärvi GranoGranitdeiorite,, gabbr tonalite,o, diorit(1.89-1.87 quartze, peri d Ga)ioritedotite Kauhajoki (1.89-1(1.89-1.87.88 Ga) Ga) Quartz monzonite, granite, granodiorite Karijoki PlutonicPlutonic GranitrrocksQuartzockse, gabbrmonzonite,o, diorit(1.88-1 granite,e, peri.87dotite granodioriteGa) (1.89-1.87 Ga) Karijoki Granodiorite,Grano(1.88-1diorite,. 87tonalite,tonalite, SGa)edim quartzentar dioritedyiorite rocks (1.89-1(1.89-1.88Quartz.88 Ga)monzonite, granite, granodiorite Siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate Karijoki KKauhajokiauhajoki Sedim(1.88-1entar.y87 r oGa)cks GranitGranite,e, gabbro,gabbro, diorite,diorite(,1 peridotiteperi.0-0d.6otite Ga) (1.89-1.87Siltsto nGa)e, sandstone, conglomerate Sedimentary rockMsetasediments and volc0anic/subvolcanic 30 km Quartz(1.0 monzonite,-0.6 Ga) granite, granodiorite Pohjakartat: © Maanmittauslaitos (Basemaps: © NationalQuartz LaSndilt Ss tmonzonite,uornvey, soanf Frdions lcktagranite,onneds), co ngranodioriteglomerate Katikankanjoni is a 9000-year-old ravine eroded by flowing water. The KKarijokiarijoki (1.88-1.87 Ga) Plutonic rocks MKe(1.88-1.87ithas(n1e.id0ö-i0m.6e Ga)Gnats) and vBoiloctiaten picar/sagubnevisosl, cmaentaicgr eywacke streams that originate from Kauhaneva and Kauhajärvi have etched a Granodiorite, tonalite, quartz diorite SedimentarySedMriomeckteansteadryim rocksroecnktss and vol(c1a.9n5i-c1/.s8ub7 Gvao)lcanic Kihniö Biotite paragneiss, metagreywacke Isojoki (1.89-1.88 Ga) Karvia rockSiltstone,Silststone, ssandstone,andstone, cconglomerateonVgollocmaneirca rteocks network of sharp grooves into the gently sloping esker formation. Kolmen- Kauhajoki Kihniö (1.95-1.87 Ga) Isojoki KaGranitrviae, gabbro, diorite, peridotite ((1.0-0.61.0-B0i.o6t itGGa)ea p) aragneiss, m(1e.t9a0g-r1e.y8w8a Gckea) Käskyvuori is another old granite hill in the area. When the ancient Hyypänjokilaakso is the largest valley in Southern Ostrobothnia. The tuulenlakki, which rises in its centre, is an old midsummer celebration site. (1.89-1.87 Ga) MetasedimentsMetasedim(1V.eo9nl5ct-as1n .anda8ic7n rdGo avolcanic/subvolcaniccvk)oslcanSicu/bsvubolcvaonlic aroncick s Isojoki Karvia (1.90-1.88 Ga) Quartz monzonite, granite,K granodioriteihniö rocksrocks Volcanic rocks (1.88-1.87 Ga) hill range formed at a depth of 10km below ground, there was a lot depression formed in a bedrock fracture valley and is more than 20 Karijoki (1.88-1.87 Ga) Kihniö BBiotiteiot(it1Se. u9pparagneiss,b0a-vr1ao.g8lcn8ae nGisiacs) , rmmetagreywackeocektasgreywacke Fault zones Honkajoki Parkano ((1.95-1.871.9S5(-u11b..8v87o- lcGGa)1a.a8n)7ic Groac)ks of molten rock, which later crystallised into granite. You can now kilometres in length, up to 3 kilometres wide and over 50 metres deep. IIsojokisojoki SedKKarviaimaernvtaiary rocks VVolcanicolc(a1n.8ic8 rrocks-o1c.8k7s Ga) Siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate Fa((1.90-1.88u1.l9t0 z-1on.88e GGa)sa) admire the varied granite rocks from one of the finest observation Hyypänmäki is a ridge that predates the last ice age and is now covered Honkajoki Parkano Fault zones Dykes Honkajoki (1.0-0.6 Ga) Parkano SubvolcanicSubvolcanic rrocksocks points in the area. in peatland and clay soil that has been cleared into fields. The national, Metasediments and volcanic/subvolcanic ((1.88-1.871.88-1.87 GGa)a) Siikainen Dykes culturally important landscape was already inhabited during the Stone is one of the most difficult bogs to traverse in rocks FaultFauDlyket zzonesons es Mustansaarenkeidas KihnHHonkajokiiöonkajoki Biotite parPParkanoaganrekisas,n moetagreywacke Iso Kakkori boasts some of Age, when the area was still a bay in the Baltic Sea. Western Finland, and is home to the most extensive quagmires Sinii ktheaSiii nkeaninen (1.95-1.87 Ga) Isojoki Karvia KankaVaolncapnäic äroJckäsmijärvi DykesDykes the most spectacular scenery area. The accessible bird tower provides views of expansive swampland, (1.90-1.88 Ga) SSiikaineniikainen to be found in the region. It is which provides an important habitat for birds, dotted with forest islands. KanKkaanaknapaänäpJäämJSURFICIALäijmäijrSväuirbvviolcanic rocks GEOLOGY (1.88-1.87 Ga) among the area’s youngest OF THE GEOPARK AREA Honkajoki Parkano KKankaanpääankaanpääJJämijärviämFaijuältr zvoni es granite formations and is part 0 30 km of a continuous formation Pohjakartat: © MDaaykenmisttauslaitos (Basemaps: © National Land Survey of Finland) Bedrock at or near surface Till that extends to Honkajoki. ^Kauhajoki 00 30 3km0 km Siikainen Pohjakartat: © Maanmittauslaitos (Basemaps: © National Land Survey of Finland) Sand and gravel It is on top of this formation Pohjakartat: © Maanmittauslaitos (Basemaps: © National Land Survey of Finland) Ü that Lauhanvuori’s sandstone 0 3300 km Silt and clay Pohjakartat:Pohjakartat: © MaanmittauslaitosMaanmittauslaitos (Basemaps:(Basemaps:K ©a NationalNratiijoonakl iLandLand SurveySurvey ofof Finland)Finland) was deposited. On top of KankaanpääJämijärvi ^ Peat Water the mountain are old stone Uhrilähde and Kylmämyllynlähde are some of the best pool springs quarries, from which the stone in Finland, where water bubbles to the surface from numerous sandy Kihniö for the Karijoki stone bridges Susiluola is the most explored cave in Finland. Traces of pre-ice-age springs. The springs are old sacrificial sites. ^ Isojoki was quarried. settlement have been found in the cave. As far as is known, it is the only 0 30 km Karvia Pohjakartat: © Maanmittauslaitos (Basemaps: © National Land Survey of Finland) ^ ^ place where traces of settlement have survived in an area later covered by an ice sheet. Healing Spitaalijärvi is a rugged Honkajoki Parkano waters since ^ ^ 9000 BP lake in Lauhanvuori fed by groundwater and mire water. Siikainen Its water is believed to cure Huidankeidas is one of the most spectacular raised bogs in Western ^ skin conditions, among other Finland, where the bog’s surface slopes in one direction. The bog’s KankaanpääJämijärvi things. Lakebed studies have hummocks and hollows are extensively developed and there are lots of ^ ^ Bedrock at or near surface shown the speed of land uplift open water surfaces in the bog. The eastern parts of the bog are fed by ^Kauhajoki Till in western Finland since the groundwater and in the past, bog ore was extracted to produce iron. Sand and gravel last ice age. Silt and clay Karijoki 0 30 km ^ Pohjakartat: © Maanmittauslaitos (Basemaps: © National Land SuPreveayt of Finland) Kaidatvedet is a chain of lakes which formed in bedrock fracture Hämeenkangas is a flat sand and gravel ridge that formed between two Water valley. They combine rugged shoreline scenery with easy glacial ice lobes late in the last ice age. It is one of Southern Finland’s largest Haapakeidas is one of the accessibility. The lakes were part of an old route from Häme to groundwater areas. Kyrönkankaantie, which follows Hämeenkangas, is a largest raised bogs in the Kihniö Pohjanmaa. The area is easily accessible from the Parkano Finnish main road dating back to the mediaeval period. area, and the only one that ^ Forestry Museum. was home to a permanent^Is ojoki ^Karvia settlement. A farm on CONTACT an island in the middle of Haapakeidas was Honkajoki Parkano inhabited until the 1970s, ^ Lauhanvuori–Hämeenkangas^ Geopark ry when it was deserted. Kaironiementie 15 Nowadays, the bog^S areaiikai nise n FI-39700 PARKANO Extraordinary important to birdlife in the mire area. [email protected]ämijärvi geomorphology Kankaan^pää ^ Aitoneva is the cradle of industrial peat production for energy in Finland. Distances to Geopark-area Katselmankallio is a flat granite rock that is easy to traverse. It has The Soininharju and Niiniharju ridges rise up in the middle of Production began during the second world war and continues to this day. Helsinki 250 km been worn bare by the waves after the ice age. At the edge of the Hämeenkangas. At 185m, the top of Soininharju ridge is the highest point Some of the historic peat fields are now paludifying once again. You can Tampere 65 km Vaasa0 30 km rock area is one of the most versatile rest spots in the area, with a in Satakunta. After the ice age, the esker was an island in the Ancylus learn more about developments in peat production methods over the Pohjakartat: © MaanmittauslaitPorios (Ba semaps: © N45ati okmnal Land Survey of Finland) Seinäjoki wilderness hut and an observation tower. lake, and this is still evident from the lush vegetation in Niiniharju today. decades at the Aitoneva peat museum. Seinäjoki 50 km Vaasa 85 km Pori Tampere

The Aumakalliot area on the Raatosulkonneva is one lauhanvuoriregion.fi Helsinki southern edge of Lauhanvuori of the southernmost slope lhgeopark.fi National Park is home to bogs in Finland. The sloping facebook.com/lauhanvuoriregion tors, formations that occur bog is located on the side of instagram.com/lauhanvuoriregion as the rock weathers away. Alkkianvuori in one of Western twitter.com/suogeopark They are the remnants of the Finland’s moistest areas. original bedrock, formed as The lushness of the mire WELCOME! the surrounded rock weathers Lauhanvuori’s moraine calotte is an ancient island. The soil in the vegetation is explained by the Viheräperänkeidas is the largest of the esker bogs in Hämeenkangas. away from the core. The best summit area has not been washed away by the waves after the ice groundwaters that bubble up The breakthrough of groundwater on the edges of the ridge feed the known of these is the Aumakivi age. The local climate and soil have made the area conducive to potato from the hill’s slopes, keeping surrounding bog areas, many of which have been cleared into fields tor, which is an old sacrificial cultivation. In bygone days, Lauhanvuori acted as the seed potato bank for the bog’s acidity in check. or drained for forestry purposes. However, the large bog area in site. The tors are around 70 to surrounding land, as the top of Lauhanvuori was untouched by frost. Viheräperänkeidas has been preserved in an almost untouched state. 20 million years old. The ancient island shoreline is the highest post-ice-age shoreline in Southern Finland.