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A Szkíták Hihető Története Urak Urak A szkíták hihető története Ádám László Budapest, 2016 Ádám, L. (2016): Urak. A szkíták hihető története. Budapest. E munka – kizárva a haszonszerzés bármilyen fajtáját – változatlan formában szabadon terjeszthető. Tis work, excluding any use generating proft, may be freely distributed as long as the content remains unchanged. Ha pedig barátul választotunk már valakit, következik a szövetség s a legnagyobb eskü, hogy bizonyára egymással fogunk élni, s ha kell, egymásért meghalni. És igy teszünk is; mert mihelyt bemetszvén ujjainkat serlegbe csöpögtetjük a vért s kard- jaink hegyét bemártván egyszerre iszunk mindketen belőle; semmi sincs mi ezután minket szétválaszthatna. Lukianos:::: Toxaris, avagy barátság (Télfy János fordítása) Tartalom Urak .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Nevük ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Az írott történelem előtti idők ................................................................................ 11 Őskőkor .................................................................................................................................... 11 Középső kőkor ........................................................................................................................ 12 Újkőkor ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Kő-rézkor ................................................................................................................................. 13 Bronzkor .................................................................................................................................. 16 Vaskor ....................................................................................................................................... 17 A szkíták Elő-Ázsiában ................................................................................................... 20 Ishqigulu nép: esküdtek ...................................................................................................... 21 Madaiak lázadása .................................................................................................................. 22 Kimmerek ................................................................................................................................ 24 Asszíria végnapjai ................................................................................................................. 24 Visszatérés Kelet-Európába ............................................................................................... 25 Az egyiptomi kaland ............................................................................................................ 25 A szkíta derékhad hazatérése ............................................................................................ 26 Szkíták az Aras völgyében ................................................................................................. 26 Kelet-Európa pusztáin ......................................................................................................... 27 délkelet-Európa, illetve a Kárpát-medence a szkíták idejében ................. 27 Szigony népe ......................................................................................................................... 28 Forrásaink ................................................................................................................................ 29 Szigonyosok ............................................................................................................................ 31 Lakóhelyük .............................................................................................................................. 31 Eredetük ................................................................................................................................... 32 Öltözetük ................................................................................................................................. 33 Nevük ........................................................................................................................................ 33 Eltérő vélemények ................................................................................................................ 34 Összegzés ................................................................................................................................. 35 Kelet-Európa a királyi szkíták idejében ................................................................ 36 Az Istros és a Túr közöt ..................................................................................................... 37 A Túr és a Boristen közöt ................................................................................................. 38 A Boristen és a dana közöt .............................................................................................. 40 A dana és a Lég közöt ....................................................................................................... 41 Az Urál hegység vidéke ...................................................................................................... 44 7 Az urak országának északi határa ................................................................................... 46 A perzsák európai hadjárata ....................................................................................... 46 Szkíta istenségek ................................................................................................................ 48 A szkíták eredetmondája ............................................................................................... 49 Avar, az északon túli ....................................................................................................... 50 Esküdtek nagyurai ............................................................................................................ 50 Urak a trák–szkíták földjén ....................................................................................... 51 Szuromadaiak ...................................................................................................................... 53 Cirákok ..................................................................................................................................... 54 Zuárdok és mádiak ............................................................................................................... 55 Alánok .................................................................................................................................... 55 Kajla szarvú kolos ............................................................................................................ 56 Szkíta nagyurak a Krím-félszigeten ........................................................................ 57 A krími szkíták városa ........................................................................................................ 59 Esküdöttek nyelve ............................................................................................................ 60 A kezdetek ............................................................................................................................... 60 A bizonyítékok ....................................................................................................................... 61 A szkíta kifejezések tartalma iráni nyelvekből levezethető .................................... 61 A Tarim-medencében letelepedet szakák iratai ......................................................... 63 Az oszét nép nyelve és neve .............................................................................................. 64 A szkíta szószedet ................................................................................................................. 66 Szkíta források ....................................................................................................................... 67 Idegen források ...................................................................................................................... 70 Hajlítgatás, toldozgatás-foldozgatás ............................................................................... 70 Kiábrándító kuszaság ........................................................................................................... 72 Szkíta szavak visszafejtése görögből .............................................................................. 75 Esküdt és magyar .................................................................................................................. 79 A szkíta szófejtések jegyzéke ....................................................................................... 80 Források ................................................................................................................................. 95 8 Urak Az urak (Iyrkai: Ιυρκαι; Ourgoi: Ουργοι; Urogi:::: Υρογι) névvel illetet nép a szkíták – saját szóhasználatukban esküdtek, esküdötek – szövetségéhez tarto- zot. Kisebb szövetségük megnevezése Esküdtek (Skythoi: Σκυθοι), másképpen Esküdötek (Skolotoi: Σκολοτοι). Az esküdöt népek írot történelme az urakkal kezdődik. Az urartuiak, valamivel később pedig az asszírok jegyezték fel csele- kedeteiket az i. e. 8., illetve a 7. században,
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