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Higher Education System • Institutions of Higher Learning and Education in Ancient India

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Higher Education System • Institutions of Higher Learning and Education in Ancient India History By : Government Schemes For higher education Step 5 StepStep 5 5 Step 4 Step 4 History By : Unit-X • Higher Education System • Institutions of higher learning and education in ancient India. • Evolution of higher learning and research in Post Independence India. • Oriental, Conventional and Non-conventional learning programmes in India. • Professional, Technical and Skill Based education. • Value education and environmental education. • Policies, Governance, and Administration. “सबको शिक्षा, अच्छी शिक्षा ” (Education for All, Quality Education). NATIONAL TESTING AGENCY (NTA) – 2017: राष्ट्र ीय परीक्षण एजᴂसी (NTA) setup as an autonomous body under HRD ministry, registered under Indian Societies Registration Act, 1860. - Initially, NTA given ₹ 25 cr. then it’s supposed to become self-sustained (by charging exam fees) – Structure: ○ Board of Governors → Chairman: A noted educationist. Members: From the institutes for which NTA conducts entrance exam. ○ A CEO / Director General for day to day affairs. Earlier CBSE conducted JEE, NEET & UGC NET entrance. NTA’s task is to conduct those exam (online), and then expand itself to conduct other exams as well. Presently, NTA conducts → 1. Engineering: Joint Entrance Examination (JEE): twice a year from 2019. 2. Medical: _NATIONAL ELIGIBILITY CUM ENTRANCE TEST (NEET: राष्ट्र ीय पाशरा व्प्रवेि परीक्षा): twice a year from 2019. It replaces the erstwhile All India Pre-Medical Test (AIPMT). NEET remains in controversy because of the age limit criteria, stringent security checks, wrong questions/ wrong translation → high courts awarding extra marks to students. 3. UGC National Eligibility Test (NET) for Assistant Professorship & Research Fellows: twice a year. 4. Pharmacy: Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (GPAT) 5. Management courses: Common Management Admission Test (CMAT) 6. Hotel Management Joint Entrance Examination Government portal/initiatives HEFA 2016 − HIGHER EDUCATION FINANACING AGENCY_ (HEFA) is a not for Profit company with shareholding: 91% HRD ministry + 9% CANARA bank. − HEFA is registered as a Non–deposit taking NBFC with RBI. − HEFA provides loans to IITs, IIITs, NITs, IISCs, AIIMS etc.to upgrade their infrastructure, lab equipments etc. − RISE-2022: Budget 2019 gave more Rs ₹ to HEFA to give out as loans to those IIT/IIM/NIT etc. for Revitalising Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE) by 2022 IoE − The number of educational institutions that have availed funding through HEFA stands at 75. Higher Education Survey − HRD Ministry conducts following surveys / rankings → − National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) done annually since 2016. First Rank: Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru (2018), IIT MADRAS (2019) − The parameters broadly cover “Teaching, Learning and Resources,” “Research and Professional Practices,” “Graduation Outcomes,” “Outreach and Inclusivity,” and “Perception --Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA), − All India Survey on Higher Education (AIRIIA) National Academic Depository (NAD) • It is a 24X7 online store house of all academic awards viz. certificates, diplomas, degrees, mark-sheets etc. duly digitised and lodged by academic institutions / boards / eligibility assessment bodies. • It ensures easy access to and retrieval of an academic award and also validates and guarantees its authenticity and safe storage. Deemed to be University − Based on UGC advise, HRD Ministry grants “Deemed to be University” status to an institute, then it gets freedom in deciding courses, syllabus, admissions and fees. − Deemed Universities can also grant degrees on their own. During UPA raj, many institutes given this tag, later 40+ found deficient in faculty & infrastructure so blacklisted. − 2017: SC ordered such institutes can’t use ‘university’ tag. So, Manipal University will have to use the term ‘Manipal Academy of Higher Education’ etc. NAAC rating − National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is a body funded by UGC that evaluates colleges & universities on A++ to D rating. VAJRA − Ministry of Science & Technology pays ₹ ₹ to get NRI/Overseas scientist faculties to come & teach in India under VAJRA (Visiting Advanced Joint Research) scheme ARPIT Initiative Annual Refresher Programme in Teaching for online training of college faculty E-Gyankosh MOOC portal by IGNOU PMRF (Prime Minister Research Fellow) Prime Minister Research Fellows by HRD Ministry Talented B.Tech / M.Tech / M.Sc students from selected institutes given direct Ph.D Admission in the IITs / IISc + monthly stipend. GIAN Network HRD Ministry’s Global Initiative for Academics Network (GIAN) portal helps students connect with national & foreign faculty, industrialists for knowledge sharing. • The lectures under GIAN would be made available to the students across the country through the SWAYAM, the MOOCs platform and the National Digital Library • ASEAN Fellowship(Association of southeast Asian Nations) Launched on 16th September, 2019 by MHRD & Ministry of external affairs 1000 fellowships to the students of ASEAN countries for pursuing integrated Ph.D programmes in IITs. ASEAN-Brunei,Cambodia,Indonesia,Loas,Malaysia,Myanmar,the philippines,singapore,Thailand ,and Vietnam JIGYASA Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), has launched a student-scientist connect programme 'JIGYASA' in collaboration with Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathans (KVS). The focus is on connecting school students and scientists so as to extend student’s classroom learning with that of a very well planned research laboratory based learning. The “JIGYASA” would inculcate the culture of inquisitiveness on one hand and scientific temper on the other, amongst the school students and their teachers. The Programme is expected to connect 1151 Kendriya Vidyalayas with 38 National Laboratories of CSIR targeting 100,000 students and nearly 1000 teachers annually. The program will also enable the students and teachers to practically live the theoretical concepts taught in science by visiting CSIR laboratories and by participating in mini-science projects. The model of engagement includes: Student Residential Programmes; Scientists as Teachers and Teachers as Scientists; Lab specific activities / Onsite Experiments; Visits of Scientists to Schools/Outreach Programmes; Science and Maths Clubs; Popular Lecture Series/ demonstration programme at Schools; Student Apprenticeship Progamme Objective Key Features To identify and The programme is named after a pole star called DHRUV encourage talented TARA. children to enrich their • The program aims to cover two areas namely Science and skills and knowledge and Arts and will be expanded gradually to other fields like contribute to the society creative writing etc. • The program was launched from Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). • It is a 14-day learning programme in which around 60 students are selected broadly from Class 9 to Class 12 all over the country and they will be mentored and nurtured by renowned experts in different areas. Objective Salient Features To encourage flow of inbound It is a joint initiative of Ministry of HRD, Ministry of External Affairs, Ministry of international students in India Home Affairs and Ministry of Commerce and Industry. • To make India a preferred • EdCIL (India) Limited, a Mini Ratna Category I CPSE is the implementing education destination/hub for agency. foreign students; • The programme focuses on attracting International students from select 30 • To improve the soft power of India plus countries across South-East Asia, Middle East and Africa. with focus on the neighbouring • The programme envisages participation of select reputed Indian countries and use it as a tool in institutes/universities by way of offering seats for the International students at diplomacy; affordable rates, along with fee waivers to meritorious foreign students ranging • To increase India’s market share of from 100% to 25%. global education exports from less • A centralised admission web-portal acts as a single window for the admission than 1 percent to 2 percent. of foreign students. • Improvement in overall quality of • The programme also envisages setting up of o call centres for support; higher education; o algorithm for allocation of seats to the meritorious candidates; • To reduce the export-import o selection of top 100 partner institutions on the basis of National imbalance in the number of Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) grading and National international students; Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranking; • Increase in global ranking of India o branding activities in the target countries; as educational destination. o and close coordination with Indian missions abroad and foreign missions in India. IMPRINT TechEx – technology exhibition at IIT Delhi, was recently organized to demonstrate products and prototypes developed under the two flagship schemes of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) namely IMPacting Research, INnovation and Technology (IMPRINT) and UchhatarAvishkar Yojana (UAY). About IMPRINT India: • The initiative, ‘IMPRINT India’, is a pan-IIT and IISc joint collaboration to develop a blueprint for research of immediate relevance to society requiring innovation, direct scientific research into identified areas, ensure higher funding support for research into these areas and measure outcomes of the research efforts with reference to the impact on the standard of living in rural/urban areas. (eg-DIGITAL WALLET) • IMPRINT scheme was launched in November, 2015 with
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