This is a repository copy of The Western European kingdoms, 600-1000. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/168820/ Version: Accepted Version Book Section: Halsall, Guy Richard William orcid.org/0000-0002-8981-4355 (2020) The Western European kingdoms, 600-1000. In: Curry, Anne, (ed.) The Cambridge History of War. Cambridge University Press , Cambridge , pp. 50-82. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing
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[email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP-NEW/21997673/WORKINGFOLDER/CURRY-RG/9780521877152C02.3D 50 [50–82] 19.4.2020 9:33PM 2 The Western European kingdoms, 600–1000 guy halsall* Part 1: c.600–800 Change around 600 CE: a military revolution? Before c.600, Western European military forces were recognisably descended from the last western Roman armies, as can quickly be demonstrated. Late Roman troops had sometimes been paid via the delegation of fiscal revenues and, as earlier, received allotments of land on retirement.1 Their hereditary service,2 furthermore, exempted them from certain taxes.