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Pentecôte Et Langues De Feu

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Pentecôte Et Langues De Feu Université de Montréal Pentecôte et langues de feu : Analyse structurelle et interprétation d’Actes des Apôtres 2,3 par Joseph E. Brito Faculté de théologie et de sciences des religions Mémoire présenté à la Faculté de théologie et de sciences des religions en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maître en Théologie (M.A.), option études bibliques 29 septembre 2015 © Joseph E. Brito, 2015 Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures Résumé Le récit de la Pentecôte (Actes des Apôtres 2) présente au lecteur un élément particulier qui se retrouve rarement dans le canon biblique : les « langues comme de feu ». Seuls les passages d’Isaïe 5,24 et Actes 2,3 utilisent cette expression; pourtant, leurs contextes diffèrent largement. Nous trouvons certains commentaires rabbiniques et fragments de rouleaux de la Mer Morte qui emploient cette même expression, et la littérature gréco-romaine utilise une image similaire où un feu divin se pose sur la tête de certains personnages. Puisque la fonction de cet élément diffère d’un ouvrage littéraire à un autre, comment devons-nous interpréter les langues de feu dans le récit de la Pentecôte? Les commentaires bibliques qui examinent cet élément proposent différentes hypothèses sur la symbolique des langues de feu. Afin de répondre à cette problématique, nous commencerons notre étude avec une présentation sur l’état de la question et des approches synchroniques utilisées. Nous présenterons ensuite l’analyse structurelle du récit de la Pentecôte afin de percevoir la place que notre expression occupe dans cette péricope. Au chapitre trois, nous ferons une analyse grammaticale de notre segment afin de voir la fonction grammaticale de l’expression, et présenter une recension des ouvrages hébraïques et gréco-romains qui utilisent cette expression ou une image similaire. Enfin, l’analyse philologique des termes γλῶσσα et πῦρ sera élaborée et comparée à l’utilisation retrouvée dans le livre des Actes des Apôtres. Subséquemment, nous serons en mesure de porter un regard critique sur quelques interprétations proposées afin de percevoir que la mise en réseau structurel du membre γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός, avec les termes répétitifs et synonymiques du récit, nous orientent à percevoir l’accomplissement de la promesse du Saint-Esprit, qui à son tour habilite le croyant à réaliser la mission donnée : la proclamation du message christologique à toutes les ethnies. Mots-clés : langue de feu, récit de la Pentecôte, Actes 2, baptême du Saint-Esprit, Saint-Esprit, Luc-Actes, approche synchronique, analyse structurelle, analyse rhétorique sémitique. ii Abstract The Pentecost Account (Acts of Apostles 2) introduces the reader to a particular item that is rarely found in the biblical canon: the tongues as of fire. Only passages of Isaiah 5:24 and Acts 2.3 use this term, yet their contexts differ widely. We find some rabbinic commentaries and fragments of the Dead Sea scrolls that use this same expression. Greco-Roman literature uses a similar image where a divine fire is set on the head of certain characters. Since the function of this element varies from one text to the other, how are we to interpret the tongues of fire in Pentecost account? Biblical commentaries focused on this element propose different hypothesis as to the symbolism of the tongues of fire. To address this issue, we are going to conduct a presentation on the state of the question, a grammatical analysis, a review of Hebrew texts and Greco-Roman stories that use this expression or a similar image, a philological analysis of the terms γλῶσσα and πῦρ, followed by a structural analysis to perceive the place that our expression holds in the Pentecost account. Subsequently, we will be able to take a critical look at previous synchronic interpretations, and propose that the expression γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός works in its structural framework along with its repetitive and synonymous terms in order to guide us to see the fulfillment of the promise of Holy Spirit, which in turn empowers the believer to carry out the mission given: the proclamation of the Christological message to all ethnic- groups. Keywords: Tongues of fire, Pentecost Account, Acts 2, Baptism of the Holy Spirit, Holy Spirit, Luke-Acts, Synchronic Approach, Structural Analysis, and Semitic Rhetorical Analysis. iii Table des matières Résumé ........................................................................................................................................ ii Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... iii Table des matières ...................................................................................................................... iv Liste des tableaux ...................................................................................................................... vii Dédicace ..................................................................................................................................... ix Remerciements ............................................................................................................................ x Premier chapitre : Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Problématique .......................................................................................................................... 2 État de la question ................................................................................................................... 2 Approche, méthode et méthodologie ...................................................................................... 3 Approche synchronique ....................................................................................................... 3 Méthode structurelle ............................................................................................................ 3 Méthodologie ....................................................................................................................... 3 Justification de l’orientation particulière du projet ................................................................. 3 Orientation précise de la recherche ......................................................................................... 4 Hypothèse de recherche .......................................................................................................... 4 Postulat, présupposé et limites de notre recherche .................................................................. 5 Texte .................................................................................................................................... 5 Auteur .................................................................................................................................. 6 Deuxième chapitre : État de la question ..................................................................................... 7 Approches synchroniques ....................................................................................................... 7 L’analyse sémiotique de Dionisio Minguez ........................................................................ 8 L’analyse littéraire de Robert C. Tannehill ....................................................................... 12 L’analyse architecturale de Charles H. Talbert ................................................................. 15 L’analyse narratif de Daniel Marguerat ............................................................................. 21 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 24 Troisième chapitre : Analyse structurelle ................................................................................. 26 Délimitation de notre péricope .............................................................................................. 28 Division en parties ............................................................................................................. 28 Structure d’Actes 2 ............................................................................................................ 31 iv Construction interne des parties : Les morceaux .................................................................. 34 Première partie (versets 1-13) ............................................................................................ 34 Deuxième partie (versets 14 à 40) ..................................................................................... 36 Troisième partie (versets 41 à 47) ..................................................................................... 37 Analyse structurelle de A et A' .......................................................................................... 38 Analyse structurelle du morceau A ....................................................................................... 39 Consolidation du morceau A ............................................................................................. 39 Construction des segments a/a′/ a′′ .................................................................................... 41 Construction des segments b/b′/b′′ .................................................................................... 43 Construction au niveau des segments .................................................................................... 44 Construction interne du segment a ...................................................................................
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