Abarema Cochliocarpos LC Taxonomic Authority: (Gomes) Barneby & J.W.Grimes Global Assessment Regional Assessment Region: Global Endemic to Region
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Abarema cochliocarpos LC Taxonomic Authority: (Gomes) Barneby & J.W.Grimes Global Assessment Regional Assessment Region: Global Endemic to region Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: FABALES Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name: Plant Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority: There is an inland and a coastal form for this species. The coastal form is a tree 10 metres or more in height, and the inland form is up to 4 metres tall with smaller, more coriaceous leaflets (Lewis, 1987). The species differs from Abarema filamentosa in (inter alia) dense capitula of sessile or subsessile flowers and dull blackish, densly papillate pod-valves (Barneby & Grimes 1996). General Information Distribution A. cochliocarpos is found in Brazil (Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Paraiba, Alagoas, Sao Paulo). Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 1300 Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 200 Antarctic Map Status: Depth Australasian Upper limit: Neotropical Lower limit: Oceanian Depth Zones Palearctic Shallow photic Bathyl Hadal Indomalayan Photic Abyssal Nearctic Population No population information available. Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology A. cochliocarpos occurs in coastal woodland, on sandy substrates, and inland on scrubby areas or open grassy slopes and savanna habitats (disturbed mata de cipo, caatinga, cerrado, campo rupestre), and in areas of secondary vegetation. It occurs over an elevation range of 200 - 1,300 m. System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative Terrestrial Freshwater Nomadic Congregatory/Dispersive Is the species a wild relative of a crop? Marine Migratory Altitudinally migrant Growth From Definition Tree - size unknow Tree (any size), also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m) Threats The main threats to this species are habitat loss as a result of agriculture and the intense use of natural resources in the area (The Nature Conservancy 2010). Opencast iron mining also occurs on a huge scale (Burman 1991). Around 7% of the Caatinga vegetation in Brazil is in protected areas, but only just over 1% of this protected habitat has full protection with restricted human use. The savanna habitats which are endemic to Brazil are currently not given enough attention, compared with the rainforests (Burman 1991). Past Present Future 1 Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced) 1.1 Agriculture 1.3 Extraction 1.3.1 Mining Conservation Measures Specimens have been collected for this species from a number of protected areas (Marimba/Iraquara, Chapada Diamantina National Park, Costa de Itacare/Serra Grande State Environmental Protection Area, Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves, Litoral Norte do Estado da Baia). The Nature Conservancy has been working with small communities in Brazil since the late 1990s to protect the Caatinga habitat, developing agro-forestry projects and increasing knowledge of the Caatinga and its ecology (The Nature Conservancy 2010). This species is not listed under CITES. Material has not been collected for the Millenium Seed Bank project. In Place Needed 1 Policy-based actions 1.3 Community management 1.3.3 Livelihood alternatives 2 Communication and Education 2.2 Awareness 3 Research actions 3.7 Cultural relevance 3.8 Conservation measures 4 Habitat and site-based actions 4.4 Protected areas 4.4.1 Identification of new protected areas 4.5 Community-based initiatives 5 Species-based actions 5.7 Ex situ conservation actions Countries of Occurrence PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly Extinct Presence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Brazil Alagoas Bahia Paraíba Pernambuco Rio de Janeiro Rio Grande do Norte São Paulo General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 2 Savanna 1 Suitable Unset 2.1 Savanna - Dry 1 Suitable Unset 3 Shrubland 1 Suitable Unset Species Utilisation Species is not utilised at all Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment: (using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC) Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct? Possibly Extinct Candidate? Rationale for the Red List Assessment A. cochliocarpos does not meet any of the criteria for the threatened categories. It has a large extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO), and specimens have been found in several protected areas. However the Caatinga and savanna habitat that this species is found in is threatened and declining due to agricultural expansion. Although there are conservation actions in place such as those of the Nature Conservancy, further protection would help to ensure that A. cochliocarpos does not become threatened. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment: Genuine Change Nongenuine Change No Change Genuine (recent) New information Taxonomy Same category Genuine (since first assessment) Knowledge of Criteria Criteria Revisio and criteria Incorrect data used Other Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Unknown Date of Assessment: 15/04/2010 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): G.Watkinson Evaluator(s): Notes: % population decline in the past: % population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals: Bibliography Barneby,R.C. & Grimes,J.W., 1996, Mem.N.Y.Bot.Gard.74(1)Silk Tree,Guanacaste,Monkey's Earring, , , Burman, A., 1991, Saving Brazil's savannas: Everyone knows that the rainforests of Amazonia are in Peril. But human activities are also threatening Brazil's unique savannas, New Scientist1758, , , Lewis, G.P., 1987, Legumes of Bahia, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, , , The Nature Conservancy, 2010, Brazil: Places we protect - the Caatinga15th April, , , .