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Home , Abarema filamentosa, Anthene, Aplopeltura, Boiga drapiezii, Caleta (butterfly), Caleta roxus

INDEX TO GENERA AND Genera and species listed in appendices are not indexed

Abarema filamentosa ...... 483 minuta ...... 444 Abrophyllum ...... 223 Arenga undulatifolia ...... 444 Abryna regispetri ...... 94 Argyrodendron peralatum ...... 373 Acacia...... 11 Arhopala buddTia ...... 292 Acalypha stipulacea ...... 327 metamuta ...... 292 Acantho/epsls ...... 120 Armigeres ...... 89, 97 Acanthomyrmex ...... 120 dolichocephalus ...... 93 Acer saccharum ...... 219 flavus ...... 93 Acmena acuminatissima ...... 327 Artocarpus ovatus ...... 328 Acronychia vestita ...... 219 Asyndetus ...... 185 Acropsilus ...... 185 Athertonia diversifolia ...... 224, 225 Acropyga ...... 120 Atta ...... 10 Actyolepis puspa ...... 292 Attalea acaulis ...... 479 Acylophorus ...... 88-91, 93 funifera ...... 477-479, 483 Adinandra ...... 223 humilis ...... 483 Aedes gombakensis ...... 93 Baccaurea kunst/eri ...... 155 Aenictus ...... 120 Bactris ...... 483 Afromomum ...... 219 Baptista ...... 88-90, 93, 96, 97 Agelaea bomeensis ...... 441 Barbodes collingwoodi .... 309-312, 380, 381, 384 Aglaia ditfusa ...... 327 Barringtonia ...... 429 iloilo ...... 328 Basilia hispida ...... 91 llanosiana ...... 327 Batraxis ...... 93 longipes ...... 328 Begonia ...... 155, 167 luzoniensis ...... 327 cyanescens ...... 48 Ahaetulla fasciolatus ...... 318 guttata ...... 155 prasinus ...... 155,318 phoeniogramma ...... 155 Ahemia glandulosa ...... 328 Beilschmiedia bancroftii ...... 224 Ajuga ...... 325 brunnea ...... 224 Allnzia pedicellaris ...... 483 recurva ...... 224 Aleurites cordata ...... 221, 225 tooram ...... 224 moluccana ...... 225 Berenicomis comatus ...... 155 Allactoneura ...... 93 Betula allegheniensis ...... 220 Allantus integrifolia ...... 328 Bischofia javanica ...... 328 Allostethella guttata ...... 92 Blastophaga wassae ...... 285 Allotinus ...... 293, 294 Boesenbergia burttiana ...... 48, 50 Alocasia guttata ...... 48 drapiezii ...... 318 lowii ...... 48 Borassodendron bomeense ...... 444 Alphitonia ...... 223 Bowenia spectabilis ...... 221 petriei ...... 226 Brachyrhynchus ...... 92 Alpmia glabra ...... 48 Brachystegia ...... 543 ATseodaphne longipes ...... 328 Bradysia ...... 93 Alstonia ...... 348 Bronchocela cristatella ...... 318, 321 scholaris ...... 328 Bruguiera ...... 429 Amblyopone ...... 11 Bubo coromandus ...... 156 Amblypsilopus ...... 185 Bucephalandra motleyana ...... 48 Amegl1la ...... 59, 64 Buceros bicomis ...... 155 Amomum ...... 47 rhinoceros ...... 155 Amphiesma flavifrons ...... 318 Bufo asper ...... 317 Amydrium medium ...... 48 divergens ...... 317 Andira ...... 483 juxtasper ...... 317,321 Andropadus curvirostris ...... 106 Bulbitermes ...... 300 Anguilla marmorata ...... 309,380,381,384 Bvrsonima sericea ...... 483 Amsoptera thurifera ...... 235 Calamus ...... 23, 167 Annona salzmanii ...... 483,484 amplijugus ...... 526 Anopheles asiaticus ...... 89, 90, 93 comptus ...... 442, 526 Anoplolepis ...... 120, 294 comrostris ...... 526 Anorrhinus galeritus ...... 155 jlabellatus ...... 526 Ansonia albomaculata ...... 317,321 laevigatus ...... 526 leptopus ...... 317 manan ...... 430 longtdigita ...... 317 muricatus ...... 526 spinuliJer ...... 317,321 pogonacanthus ...... 526 ...... 292 praeterrnissus ...... 526 Anthocephalus chinensis ...... 223 sordidus ...... 526 Aonyx cinerea ...... 343, 427 zonatus ...... 526 Aphaenogaster ...... 11, 120 roxus ...... 293 Aphanamixis perrottetiana ...... 328 Callicarpa ...... 226, 363 Aphantaulax ...... 92 Callosclurus ...... 74 Apis ...... 59, 62-65 melanogaster ...... 427 andreniformis ...... 61, 62 notatus ...... 177, 178, 343, 344 cerana ...... 61-63, 65 prevostii ...... 177, 178, 343 dorsata ...... 59 62 Ca{ophyllum ...... 412 koschevnikovi ...... 59, 6i -65 inophylloides ...... 429 mellifera ...... 62, 63, 65 Calyptomena viridis ...... 428 Aplopeltura boa ...... 318 Campnospermum ...... 348 Aporosa lunata ...... 367, 368, 370, 371 Camponotus ...... 10, 120, 292, 339 elliptica ...... 48 gigas ...... 62,331-334,336-339,362 Apterygodon vittaturn ...... 318 Camptandra ...... 155 Arachnothe ra crassirostris ...... 107 Camptopteromyia fractipennis ...... 90, 93 longirostris ...... 107 Canarium ...... 462 Aralia elata ...... 221 asperum ...... 328 Araucaria ...... 284 Caprrcorms sumatraensis ...... 156 Arborophila charltoni ...... 155 Carebara ...... 11 Ardisia ...... 328 Carpinus betulus ...... 219 Areca catechu ...... 444 Carya ...... 224, 226

547 548 AND SPECIES INDEX

Casearia ...... 483 minor ...... 89 arborea ...... 217 Culicoides ...... 93 commersoniana ...... 483 Cupania oblongifolia ...... 483 fuligunosa ...... 328 Cupha erymanthis ...... 128 Castanea ...... 226 Curculigo racemosa ...... 445 Castanopsis ...... 284 vilosa ...... 445 Casuarina equisetifolia ...... 429 Curcuma ...... 442 Casuarius ...... 224 Curetis bulis ...... 293 Cataulacus ...... 120 santana ...... 293 Candacaecilia nigroflava ...... 317 bianthUS gardneri ...... 483 Celtis luzonica ...... 328 clemys dentata ...... 155 Centromyrme.x ...... 11 Cepora ludith ...... 131 ~~ptis' : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1~~ pactolicus ...... 131 inopterus shim ...... 427 Ceratobolus concolor ...... 526 rina ...... 223 Ceratosolen bisulcatus ...... 285 rtandra ...... 46-48, 221 gressitti ...... 285 bai/eyana ...... 221 medlerianus ...... 285 pendulijlora ...... 48 nexilis ...... 285 Cyrtodiopsis ...... 170, 173 Cercropia ...... 11 dalmanni ...... 173 Cerpachys ...... 11 quinqueguttata ...... 170, 173 Cervus unicolor ...... 343,427 whitei ...... 170, 172, 173 Ceyx erithacus ...... 101, 105 Cyrtostachys renda ...... 444, 446 Chaetocarpus ...... 483 Dacalana ...... 132 Chaetogonopteron ...... 185, 188 Dacrycarpus cumingianus ...... 329 Chaetospama feae ...... 92 Daemonorops didymophylla ...... 526 Chapenna fusca ...... 317 korthalsii ...... 526 Charaxes dumfordi ...... 132 longipes ...... 526 Chela ...... 380-382, 384 oxycarpa ...... 526 ...... 293 periacantha ...... 526 Chersodromia ...... 185, 186 Daphne ...... 325 Chiropodomys gliroides ...... 156 Dasyhela assimilis ...... 89, 93 karlkoopmani ...... 427 grata ...... 89, 93 Chisocheton pentandrus ...... 328 Dasyprocta punctata ...... 226 Chrysopelea pelias ...... 318 Decamorium ...... 11 Chrysosoma ...... 185, 187 Delonix regia ...... 462 Chrysotus ...... 185 Dendrelaphis caudolineatus ...... 318 Cinnamomum laubatii ...... 224 Dendrocalamus pendulus ...... 97 mercadoi ...... 327 Dendrocnide moroides ...... 226, 228 Cirrochroa emalea ...... 131 Diacamma ...... 120 tyche ...... 131 intricatum ...... 331-338 Clarias leiacanthus ...... 380,381,384 rugosum ...... 362 teijsmanni ...... 309, 380-382, 384 Dialium ...... 429 Cleistocalyx operculata ...... 327 Dianella ...... 445 Clethra ...... 223, 329 Diaphorus ...... 185 Clidemia capitellata ...... 483 Dicerorhinus sumatraensis ...... 155 ClinodiploslS ...... 93 Dichapetalum ...... 441 Clogmw ...... 89, 90, 93 Dicrurus hottentotus ...... 428 Clubiona ...... 92 leaucophaeus ...... 428 Clusia ...... 483 Dicuspiditermes nemorosus .... 299, 300, 302, 303 Coccoloba ...... 483 Didymocarpus ...... 46 Colobopsis ...... 120,362 lanceolatus ...... 48 Commersonia ...... 223 Dinoderus ...... 90 bartramia ...... 227 Dioscorea ...... 463 Compterosmittia ...... 93 Diospyros ...... 413,441 Conarthrus ...... 90, 93 copelandii ...... 328 Conomorpha oblongifolia ...... 483 philippense ...... 328 Coproporus ...... 93 Dip7azium ...... 47, 48 Copsychos saularis ...... 428 Dlplazium crenatoserratum ...... 48 pyrrhopygus ...... 107 Dlplodiscus paniculatus ...... 328 Coptotermes ...... 301 Dlpterocarpus ...... 413, 428, 429 Cordia nodosa ...... 483, 484 Dlpterocarpus grandijlorus ...... 235 superba ...... 483 Dlscolampa ...... 293 Coryfus ...... 226 Discothyrea ...... 11, 120, 362 Corymborkis ...... 445 Dissochaeta ...... 226 Coscinida ...... " 92 Dogania subplana ...... 155,318,319 Costus globosus ...... 447 Dolichoderus ...... 10, 117, 119, 120, 122 speciosus ...... 48 thoracicus ...... 122 Couepia impressa...... 483, 484 Donax ...... 446 Cratoxylon arborescens ...... 413 Dorylus ...... 11 arboreum ...... 328 Draco cristatellus ...... 318 fomwsum ...... 328 melanopogon ...... 97,318 sumatranum ...... 328 quinquefasciatus ...... 318 Crematogaster ...... 10, 120, 122, 292, 293 Dracontomelon edule ...... 327 Criniger bres ...... 105, 107 Drapetis ...... 185, 186 Crocldura fuliginosa ...... 177 Drimys ...... 326 Crossopalpus ...... 185 piperita ...... 329 Croton selowii ...... 483 Drupiulia ...... 293 Cryptocarya ...... 328 ravindra ...... 292 ampla ...... 327 theda ...... 293 angulata ...... 224 Dryobalanops ...... 193.. 228, 277.. 413 grandis ...... 224 aromatlca ...... 27/,280,34/-355 oblata ...... 224 beccarii ...... 205-207.. 412 pleurosperma ...... 224, 225 lanceolata ...... 36/-371 Crytophleps ...... 185 Drypdes ...... 367-371,373 Culex ...... 93 DUiibanga moluccana ...... 328 GENUS AND SPECIES INDEX 549

Dundubia vaginata ...... , 81 pubine rvis ...... 328 Durio ...... 429 robusta ...... 285, 286 [)yera costulata ...... 143 septica ...... 285, 286, 327 Dysoxylon arborescens ...... 328 trachypison ...... 285, 286 altissimum ...... 327 variegata ...... , 288, 328 Echinopla ...... 120 virgata ...... 285, 286 Echinosorex gymnurus ...... 156 wassa ...... , 285,286 Elaeocarpus ...... 166, 167,225 Flagellaria indica ...... 439 angustifolius ...... 225 Flindersia brayeleyana ...... 220 calomala " ...... 327 Flos morphina ...... 132 Elaphe taeniura ...... 155 Fontainea picrosperma ...... 224, 225 Elaphropeza ...... 183,185-187,191 Forclp'omyta ...... 89-91 Elateriospermum tapos ...... 139, 141, 143 blkanni ...... 93 Elatostema ...... 48 similans ...... 93 Elephas maximus ...... 155 swezeyanaadji.nis ...... 93 Elettariopsis kerbyi ...... 48, 50 Fraxinus americana ...... 220 Eleusis ...... 93 Fulvius ...... 92 Embal/onura monticola ...... 427 Galearia falva ...... 441 Emesopsis ...... 91, 93 Galeopsis tetrahit ...... 227 Emmotum affine ...... 483 Gamasomorpha ...... 92 Empis ...... 185 Garcinia binucao ...... 328 Eniiiandra bessaphila ...... 224 Gastromyzon bomeensis ... 309,311,312,380-384 insignis ...... 224 [asciatus ...... 380-384 monothyra ...... 224 lepidogaster ...... 309, 380-384 montana ...... 224 monticola ...... 309,311,312,380,381,384 palmerstonii ...... 224 punctulatus ...... 380,381,383,384 sankeyana ...... 224 ridens ...... 309,380,381,384 xanthocarpa ...... 224 Gecinulus viridis ...... 94 Enhydris punctata ...... 318 Gehyra mutilatus ...... 318 Enicurus...... 101, 105 Gekko smithii ...... 3 18 &~~ ...... ~ Geniostoma ...... 223 Eooxy lides tharis ...... 292 Geonoma blanchetiana ...... 483 Epicahris cumingiana ...... 328 Gigantochloa latifolia ...... 97 Epicypta ...... 91,93 levis ...... 97 Epipremnum falcifolium ...... 48 ligulata ...... 97 Eplrixanthes ...... 47, 48 scortechinii ...... 85, 87, 88, 91, 97 Erites argentata ...... 131 Glaniopsis gossei ...... 380-384 elegans ...... 131 hamtsclii ...... 380-384 Ervatamia ...... 328 Globba ...... 155 Erythroxylum mattos-silvii ...... " 483, 484 brachyanthera ...... 443 Etlingera ...... 47 Glochidion ...... 223, 373 brevilabris ...... 48 Gluta laxiflora ...... 139, 141, 143 ji.mbribracteata ...... 48 punicea ...... 48,442 Gly;~~Ih~~~' major: : : : : : : : : '309,' 3'80: 381', j§~ Euenkrates ...... 92 Gmelina arborea ...... 277,278,280 triste ...... 348 Gnamptogenys ...... 11 minor ...... " 444, 446 Gnetum ...... 441 Eugenia grandis ...... 228, 429 Goniothalamus amuyon ...... 328 Eumorphus vitalisi ...... 93 Gonocephalus bomeensis ...... 318, 321 Eumyias thalassina ...... 108 Gonydactylus baluensis ...... 318 Euodia xanthoxyloides ...... 219 consobnnus ...... 318-320 Eupatorium ...... 363 ingeri ...... 318 adenophorum ...... 516 pubisulcus ...... 3 18 Euphoria didyma ...... 327 Gonystylus bancanus ...... 411-415 Euprenolepis ...... 120, 361, 362 Graphlum eurypylus ...... 130, 131 Eurema ...... 130, 131, 133 evemon ...... 130, 131 andersoni ...... 130, 131 Graptomyza ...... 93, 94 simulatrix ...... 130, 131 Grewia multiflora ...... 328 Eurya ...... 327 Gymnostoma ...... 27 Eurydiopsis argentifera ...... 170, 173 Hamaxas ...... 92 EUryOPIS ...... 92 Hampala bimaculata . . . .. 309-312,380-382,384 Eusideroxylon zwageri ...... 327 Harpegnathos ...... 120 Exilisciurus exilis ...... 177, 178, 343 Helarctos ...... 62 Fagraea ...... 223 Helarctos malayanus ...... 342 Fagus sylvatica ...... 227 Helopeltis theobromae ...... 122 Faunis ...... 130, 131, 133 Hemulactylus frenatus ...... 318, 321 gracilis ...... 130, 131 Hemigalus derbyanus ...... 427 stomphax ...... 130, 131 Hemiphyllodactylus typus ...... 318 Felis marmorata ...... 343 Hennettea succosa ...... 483 Feltiella ...... 93 Heosemys grandis ...... 156 narcissina ...... 156 spinosa ...... 156,318,319 Ficus ...... 283, 285, 325, 483 Herpestes semitorquatus ...... 343 ampelas ...... 327 Hesperus perakensis ...... 93 balete ...... 327 Hibiscus ...... 429 botryocarpa ...... 328 Hipposideros galeritus ...... 427 carica ...... 288 Hlrtella bahiensis ...... 483, 484 complexa ...... " 285, 286 Homalanthus ...... 328 congesta ...... 328 Homallotermes ...... 300, 302 erythrosperma ...... " 285, 286 foraminifer ...... , 299, 302 grossularoides ...... 220 Homalomena cordata ...... 445 gul ...... 327 Homo sapiens ...... 470 minahassae ...... 327 Hopea ...... 277 mollior ...... 285, 286 Horaga syrinx ...... 132 nodosa ...... 285,286 Homstedtia reticulata ...... 442 nota ...... 327 Hospitalitermes medioflavus ...... 299,300 pertusa ...... 287 Hynos ...... 185, 186 550 GENUS AND SPECIES INDEX

Hydnocarpus ...... 428 Litsea ...... 413 sumatrana ...... 141, 143 acuminata ...... 217 Hydrablabes periops ...... 318 leefeana ...... 224 Hydrometra ...... 95 perrotetii ...... 328 Hylobates ...... 74 Lobocheilus bo ...... 309-312,380,381,384 klossii ...... 427, 429 Logania ...... 291,293 lar ...... 155 maiayica ...... 293,294 muelleri ...... 343, 344 maTTTWrata ...... 294 Hylopetes sipora ...... 427 Longipeditermes longipes ...... 299,300,304 Hypoclinea ...... 294 Lophatherium gracile ...... 445 thoracicus ...... 294 Lophomyrmex ...... 120 Hypolycaena erylus ...... 293 Lycodon subcinctus ...... 318 othona ...... 292 Lygodium circinnatum ...... 47 Hypoponera ...... 120, 362 Lyonia ...... 223 Hypothymis azurea ...... 428 Lyriothemis cleis ...... 94 Hypsiprymnodon TTWSChatus ...... 224 Mabuya rudis ...... 318 Hystnx brachyura ...... 156 Macaca ...... 74 llex ...... 483 arctoides ...... 153, 155, 156 Imperata cylindrica ...... 516 fascicularis ...... 343 lnilalmus ...... 93 nemestrina ...... 343, 344 Indotestudo elongata ...... 156 pagensis ...... 74,427,429 Inga ...... 219, 229 Macaranga ...... 122, 223, 373 lomys sipora ...... 427 gigantea ...... 278 IpoTTWea batatas ...... 271, 275 heynei ...... 223 Iridomyrmex ...... 120, 293 hypo/euca ...... 363 cordatus ...... 11 trachyphylla ...... 367-371,373 !tara ...... 82, 83 Macroglossus sobrinus ...... 427 Ixora ...... 444 Macrognathusmaculatus . 309,311,380,381,384 1 acq.ueTTWntia ...... 363 Macropygia phasianella ...... 428 lanudes ...... 292 Macrotermes ...... 302, 303 lohora johorensis ...... 95 carbonarius ...... 302, 304 luglans ...... 224, 226 Malacopteron cinereum ...... 105, 107 Kalophrynus intermedius ...... 317 magnum ...... 107 pleurostigma ...... 94, 317 Mallotus ...... 223, 373 Kenvoula luirwickei ...... 427 multiglandulosus ...... 327 Ketupa zey/onensis ...... 156 paniculatus ...... 278 Koompasia ...... 61 philippinensis ...... 328 Kortlialsia debilis ...... 526 Manihot utilissima ...... 441 echinometra ...... 526 Manis javanica ...... 156, 427 furtadoana ...... 363, 526 Manouria emys ...... 319 hispida ...... 526 Mapania ...... 167 rostrata ...... 526 TTWnostachya ...... 48, 50 Krakatauia ...... 185 palustris ...... 48, 50 Krytopterus ...... 380-382, 384 sumatrana ...... 443 Labntermes ...... 300 Margattea ...... 92 Lacconectus krikkeni ...... 94 Mastacembelus unicolor ...... 380,381,384 Landolphia ...... 462 Maticora bivirgatus ...... 318 Lansium dubium ...... 328 intestinalis ...... 318 Laportea /uzonensis ...... 328 Maxburetia rupicola ...... 155 Laricus obscurus ...... 427 Maxillaria ...... 64 hosei ...... 343 Maxomys muelleri ...... 175 Lasiochila goryi ...... 94 rajah ...... 175, 177-181 Lasiochilus ...... 92 surifer ...... 175, 177-181 Lasius ...... 120 whlteheadl ...... 177 -180 Laxita tenata ...... 13 2 Mayriella ...... 120 Leichrodes rufofulvus ...... 93 Medetera ...... 185, 187 Leiocassis micropogon . . . . 310-312, 380, 381.. 384 Megaderma spasma ...... 427 Leopoldamys sabanus ...... 17/-180 Megalabops sexguttata ...... 170, 173 Lepidotrigona ...... 62 Megase/ia ...... 87 Lepironia articulata ...... 443 animaloterga ...... 93 Lepisanthes schizolepis ...... 328 deningi ...... 93, 97 Leptanilla ...... 11 gombakensis ...... 93 Leptobrachium TTWntanum ...... 317, 321 humida ...... 90, 93 Leptogenys ...... 11, 120 kovaci ...... 93 gracilis ...... 317,321 Megophrys baluensis ...... 316,317 Leptosia nina...... 128, 129 nasuta ...... 317 Leptospermum f/avescens ...... 329 Melaleuca ...... 68 Lestodiplosis ...... 93 Melastoma ...... 223 synngopais ...... 92 malabathricum ...... 227, 228 Leucaena leucocephala ...... 271, 275 Melicope broadbentiana ...... 219 Leucosyke capiteliata ...... 328 triphylla ...... 328 Lexias dirtea ...... 131 Melims multiflora ...... 255 Memecylon ...... 327 Licg;j~da~i.~ : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : m Meranoplus ...... 120 Lichtwardtia ...... 185 mucronatus ...... 292 Licuala ...... 443, 444 Meristogenys poecilus ...... 317 orbicularus ...... 444 Merizocera ...... 92 ramseyi ...... 23 Merremia ...... 363 spinosa ...... 444 bomeensis ...... 445 LindSayomyrtus raceTTWides ...... 27 Mesophlebion falcatilobum ...... 50 Linospadix ...... 23 Mesorhaga ...... 185 Liopeltis baliodeirus ...... 318 Metaparaclius ...... 185 tricolor ...... 318 Metaphrynella sumiana ...... 80, 81, 317 Liphorrhopalum sessilis ...... 285 sagu ...... 429 Llthocarpus ...... 284,327 Miconia ...... 229 densiflora ...... 219 albicans ...... 483

550 GENUS AND SPECIES INDEX 551

Miconia amoena ...... 483 Oriolus chinensis ...... 428 pileata ...... 483 xantonotus ...... 428 MicreTr/{Jis ...... 185 Orthopodomyia anopheloides ...... 89, 93 baluensis ...... 317 Oryza sativa ...... 241, 246, 252 Microcerotermes ...... 300 Ossaea retropila ...... 483 dubius ...... 304 Osteochilus spilurus ..... 309-312,380, 381, 384 Microdesmis puberula ...... 219 Ostrya virginiana ...... 219 Microhyla bomeensis ...... 317 Ottoma ...... 483 petrigena ...... 317,318 Qxyceros ...... 441 Microvelia ...... 95 Paedalgus ...... 120 Mikania micrantha ...... 278 Pagiantha plumerilifolia ...... 328 Miletus ...... 294 Palaquium ...... 328,428 Mischopyga ...... 185 [oxworthii ...... 327 Misumenops ...... 95 luzoniensis ...... 327 Monocarpia ...... 167 merrillii ...... 327 Monomorium ...... 10 philippense ...... 327 Moultonianthus leembrugianus ...... 141, 143 Pandanus ...... 429 Muntiacus muntjac ...... 343, 344 Pangio mariarum ...... 309,380,381,384 Musa ...... 48,367-371,373,443 Panthera pardus ...... 156 acuminata ...... 278 Paraclius ...... 185 . gracilis ...... 443 Paracrossochilus acerus . .. 309-312, 380-382, 384 sapientum ...... 443 vittatus ...... 380,381,384 Musclcapa daurica ...... 101, 105 Paradoxurus hermaphroditus ...... 427 Mustela nudipes ...... 343 Paralaxita orphne ...... 131, 132 opopone ...... 11 telesia ...... 131, 132 otis muricela ...... 427 Paramapania ...... 443 rcia ...... 483 Paranticops delesserti ...... 128.. 129 ~rianthus liberica ...... 219 Parashorea macrophylla ...... 36/-371 rioneuron cyaneum ...... 46 malaanonan ...... 327 yristica elliptica ...... 328 Paratopula ...... 120 philippinensis ...... 328 Paratrechina ...... 120 rmeclna ...... 120, 122 Parawaous ...... 380,381, 384 ~rmecodia ...... 11 Pariotrigona ...... 59 rmicaria ...... 10,294 pendleburyi ...... 61, 62 rmoteras ...... 120 Parrhinotermes ...... 300 ~rsine umbellata ...... 483 Paspalum conjugatum ...... 443 MYStrium ...... 120 Pavetta ...... 444 ¥ystrops ...... 478 Pedicellia fuscescens ...... 327 Mystus ...... 380-382, 384 Pedostibes hosei ...... 317 baramensis ...... 309-312,380,381,384 rugosus ...... 317 Nannosciurus melatonis ...... 343 Pelastoneurus ...... 95 Nanodromia ...... 183, 185-187, 191 Pelophryne brevipes ...... 317 Nauclea ojJicinalis ...... 223 Pentagonica ...... 93 Nedda serrata ...... 46 Pentan ...... 429 Nemacheilus ...... 380, 381, 383, 384 Pentaphragma ...... 441 Nematabramis nieuwenhuisi ...... 310 Pentastruma ...... 120 steindachneri ...... 309-312, 380-382, 384 Pera ...... 483 Neofelis nebulosa ...... 342 Peri cnemis stictica ...... 94 Neogastromyzon ...... 380-384 Pemis apivorus ...... 428 nieuwelihuisi ...... 309-312, 380-384 Persea ...... 483 Neolamarkia cadamba ...... 223 Petinomys hageni ...... 427 Neolitsea ...... 328 Phacaspis ...... 185 dealbata ...... 224 PhaceliJphrynium maximum ...... 48 Neonauclea media ...... 327 Phaenicopliaeus curvirostris ...... 428 Neotrewia cumingii ...... 328 Phaeomeria minor ...... 429 Nepenthes ...... 85 Phaleria capitata ...... 328 distallatoria ...... 97 Pheidole ...... 93, 117, 119, 120, 122,361,362 Nephelium ...... 328 Pheidologeton ...... 119, 120,361 Nesobia mjobergi ...... 317 Philautus tectus ...... 317 Neurigona ...... 185 Philosepedon ...... 90, 93 Niemeyera prunifera '" ...... 224, 225 Phragmites karka ...... 443 Niewiedia ...... 445 Phruiloneura ...... 185, 188, 190 Ninox scutulata ...... 10 I.. 105 abbreviatus ...... 188, 190 Niviventer cremoriventer ...... 17/-180 Phyllotrox tatianae ...... 478 Noahdendron nicholasii ...... 21,23-27 Physop)'ga ...... 185 Nomamyrmex ...... 11 Picea aoles ...... 227 Normanbya normanbyi ...... 23 Picus viridanus ...... 156 Notochefys platynota ...... 155, 156,318, 319 Pinanga salicifolia ...... 444 Nyctixalus pictus ...... 317 Pinophilus ...... 93 Nypa fruticans ...... 429 Pinus radiata ...... 468 Occitfozyga baluensis ...... 317, 321 Piper ...... 229 laevLS ...... 317 amalgo ...... 219 Ochroma lagopus ...... 373 Piptospatha burbidgei ...... 48 Octomeles sumatrana ...... 328 Pipturus arborescens ...... 327 Odontomachus ...... 120 Pisonia ...... 483 rixosus ...... 362 umbelliferae ...... 328 Odontoponera ...... 120, 362 Pithecus aygula ...... 71 transversa ...... 331-336A 338, 339 femoralls ...... 71, 72 Odontotermes ...... 297,29,,301-304 baudi ...... 105 Oecophylla smaragdina ...... 293,295 sordida ...... 156 Oligodon annulifer ...... 318 Plagiolepis ...... 120 Oligomyrmex ...... 120, 122 Plagiostacftys crocydocalyx ...... 442 Omalanthus ...... 223 strobiliJera ...... 48 Ompak ...... 380-382, 384 Plagiozopelma ...... 185 Ophiophagus hannah ...... 318 Plfdymiscium blanchetii ...... 483 (Jpisthotropis typica ...... 318 Platypalpus ...... 183, 185, 186, 191 552 GENUS AND SPECIES INDEX

Platythyrea ...... 120 ehalconota ...... 317, 321 Plectroctena ...... 11 erythraea ...... 317,321 Pleiostachya ...... 229 hosei ...... 317 pruinosa ...... 228 ibanomm ...... 317 Plowrium ...... 223 kuhli ...... 317.. 320,1 321 Podocarpus ...... 325, 326 palavanensis ...... 31/, 3 h-321 rotundus ...... 329 signata ...... 317,321 Po/Yathia ...... 441 Rapala dieneces ...... 291, 293 Po[ypedates colletti ...... 317 iarbus ...... 292 leueomystax ...... 317,321 pheretima ...... 292 maerotls ...... 317 Rapanea ...... 483 otilophus ...... 317 Rasbora ...... 309-311,380,381,384 Polypedi/um convexum ...... 89, 93 argyrotaenia ...... 309-312, 380-382, 384 Polyrhachis ...... 119, 120, 122 sumatrana ...... 309-311, 380-382, 384 bihamata ...... 362 Rattus exulans ...... 175, 177-181 Polyseias ...... 223 leueopus ...... 68 murrayi ...... 220, 226 rattus ...... 180 Ponera ...... 362 sabanus ...... 427 Pongo ...... 74 surifer ...... 427 Pontia eryeinoides ...... 132 tiomanicus ...... 177-181,427 Porterandia anisophylla ...... 227 Ratufa affinis ...... 177, 178, 343, 344 Pothos ...... 48 RhacopFiorus dulitensis ...... 317 Pouteria castanosperma ...... 224, 225 everetti ...... 317 Prenolepis ...... 120 harrissoni ...... 317 Presby tIS ...... 71-75 kajau ...... 317, 320 nigropalmatus ...... 317 g~f:aU:W : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: ~T pardalis ...... 317 catemana ...... 71 Rhaphidophora ...... 48 chrysomelas ...... 73 Rhelfhroseiums macrotis ...... 177, 178, 343 comata ...... 71,72,74,75 Rhinomyias umbratilis ...... 104 femoralis ...... 71-75 Rhinoplax vigil ...... 155 fredericae ...... 74 Rhizophora ...... 34, 429 frontata ...... 73-75,343.. 344 Rhododendron ...... 163, 325, 326, 329 me lalophos ...... 11-74 tashiroi ...... 217 obseura ...... 156 Rhodomyrtus ...... 223 percura ...... 71 Rhopalomastix ...... 120 potenziani ...... 71,72,74,427,429 Rhoptromyrmex ...... 292 rubicunda ...... 71,73,74,343,344 wroughtonii ...... 293, 294 siamensis ...... 72-75 Rhytieeros undulatus ...... 155 sumatrana ...... 71 Rubus idaeus ...... 227 thomasi ...... 71, 72 Ryparosa javanica ...... 21, 23-27 Prioneris cornelia ...... 131 Sa7zmanma ...... 483 philonome ...... 13 1 Saurauia ...... 441 Prionopelta ...... 120 andreana ...... 221 Proatta ...... 120 latibractea ...... 327 Procapritermes ...... 300, 303 Scheff/era ...... 442 Proceratium ...... 11 Schima ...... 153 Prohamitermes ...... 300 Schizaea dichotoma ...... 447 Proreus ...... 92 Schizostachyum grande ...... 97 Prosotas dubiosa ...... 292 Schumannianthus ...... 446 Protomyzon ...... 380, 381, 383, 384 Sciaphila ...... 47,48 griswoldi ...... 380-382, 384 Sciapus ...... 187 whiteheadi ...... 309,380, 381, 383, 384 Seirtes ...... 87, 89, 93 Prunus turneriana ...... 224, 225 Sciums ...... 225 Psalidomyrmex ...... 11 Seleria ...... 443 Psammottynastes pictus ...... 318 Scrotochloa urceolata ...... 50 Pseudodiopsis ...... 173 Sebastiania ...... 483 detrahens ...... 173 Selaginella ...... 47, 48 Pseudogobiopsis ...... 309,310,380,381,384 Semnopithecus auratus ...... 74 Pseudomyrmex ...... 11 Senna alata ...... 445 Pseudorabdion albonuchalis ...... 318 Sepedophilus ...... 93 longiceps ...... 318 Sequoia sempervirens ...... 219 Psittinus cyanums ...... 428 Seseli libanotis ...... 202 Psyehotria ereeta ...... 483 Shorea ...... 38, 277, 341, 428, 429 jambosioides ...... 483 albida ...... 411 mapourioides ...... 483 curtisii ...... 277, 278, 280 Pteeticus longipennis ...... 93 falciferoides ...... 367-374 Pterisanthes grandis ...... 167 laevis ...... 139, 141, 143, 144 Pternandra ...... 221, 223 leprosula . .. 277, 278, 280, 348, 367-371, 373 azurea ...... 226 macroptera ...... 228 coeruleseens ...... 221, 227 pachyphylla ...... 412 eehinata ...... 221, 227 parvlJoZw ...... 139, 141, 143,277,278,280 Pterocymbium macrocater ...... 328 paueiflora ...... 143 Pteropus hypomelanus ...... 427 Silurichthys hasselti ...... 309, 380, 381, 384 vampyms ...... 427 Silums ...... 380-382, 384 Pterospermum niveum ...... 328 Simias concolor ...... 427, 429 Ptiloeereus lowii ...... 427 Sloanea javanica ...... 167 Ptilona confinis ...... 90, 93 Smodicinodes kovaei ...... 91 Ptyehozoon horsfieldii ...... 316,318 Soa ...... 92 Ptyssiglottis psychotriifolia ...... 48 Solanum daZlachyi ...... 226 Puntius binotatus ...... 309-312,380,381,384 polytrichum ...... 483 Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisi ...... 102, 106 Solenopsis ...... 120, 122 thon reticulata ...... 318 Solenostemon elongatus ...... 506 uadmstmma ...... 120, 122 Sonerila ...... 48 ~uercus ...... 224, 226 Spalgis ...... 293 anablythi ...... 317,320 Spermaphora miser ...... 92 GENUS AND SPECIES INDEX 553

Sphenomorphus cyanolaemus ...... 318-320 parcearmatus ...... 190 SphyracepFzala ...... 170, 173 pectinatus ...... 190 Spilomis cheela ...... 428 Spondias ...... 225,226 ~::Jratu; : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : l~g Stachyphrynium ...... 50 spatulifer ...... 190 Staurols /atopalmatus ...... 317 unclnatus ...... 190 natator ...... 317,320 vanaartseni ...... 190 tuberilinguis ...... 317 Thecurus crassispinis ...... 177, 178, 343 Stilicopsis ...... 91,93 Themara hirtipes ...... 169, 170, 172, 173 Stiloderus ...... 93 Theridion ...... 92 Stromanthe porteana ...... 483 Thinolestris ...... 185 Strumigenys ...... 93, 120 Thinophilus ...... 185 Subulitermes ...... 300 Thorakochirus ...... 93 Suncus etruscus ...... 177, 181 Thottea penitilobata ...... 46 Sundamys muelleri ...... 177-181 Tilia cortlata ...... 219 Sundareonectes sabanus ...... 380-384 Toona calantas ...... 328 Sundasciurus fraterculus ...... 427 sureni ...... 462 hippurus ...... 177, 178, 343 Topomyia spathulirostris ...... 93 lowii ...... 156, 177, 178,343 douronensis ...... 309-312, 380-382, 384 tenuis ...... 343 Toxorhynchites ...... 89, 94, 96, 97 Surendra /lorimel ...... 292 leicesteri ...... 89, 93 Sus barbatus ...... 343 magnificus ...... 94 Swartzia apetala ...... 483, 484 metallicus ...... 88, 89, 93 Symphonia globulifera ...... 483 Tragulus javanicus ...... 156, 343 Symplocos ...... 327 napu ...... 156 Sympycnus ...... 183, 185, 187, 188, 190, 191 Trema ...... 223, 278 aechmophorus ...... 190 tomentosa ...... 227, 228 albiserratus ...... 190 Triehadenia maerantha ...... 328 alipes ...... 190 Triehastoma malaceense ...... 107 anachrostichus ...... 190 Triehomanes singaporeanum ...... 48, 50 aranelpes ...... 190 Trigona ...... 59, 62, 64 campslcnemOldeJ ...... 190 apiealis ...... 61, 62 candldlmanus ...... 190 canifrons ...... 61 compressipes ...... 189, 190 eollina ...... 61, 62 ctenophorus ...... 190 drescheri ...... 61, 62 gigas ...... 190 erythrogastra ...... 61 lctericus ...... 190 jimbriata ...... 61 leucotarsus ...... 190 fuscibasis ...... 61 miritarsis ...... 190 fuscobalteata ...... 61 nigrisquamis ...... 190 geissleri ...... 61 pallipe s ...... 190 haematoptera ...... 61,64 hobbyi ...... 61,64 f.r;if::ta : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : l~g itama ...... 61,62 sticticus ...... 188, 190 laeviceps ...... 61 teuchophoroides ...... 190 melanocephala ...... 61, 62, 64 torrenticola ...... 190 melina ...... 59,61,62 tricomiger ...... 190 nitidi ventris ...... 61 Syndyas ...... 185, 186 reepeni ...... 61 Syneches ...... 185, 186 ru}lbasalis ...... 61 Syzygium decipiens ...... 327, 328 terminata ...... 61 mainitense ...... 327 thoraciea ...... 61 nitidum ...... 327 ventralis ...... 61 polycephaloides ...... 327 Trimeresurus bomeensis ...... 318-320 simile ...... 327 Tripteroides .....,...... 93 Tachydromia ...... 185, 187 Tnssopelopia ...... 89, 93 Tamasesia ...... 92 Tristania ...... 412 Tapine lIa ...... 92 Triunia erythrocarpa ...... 224, 225 Tapinoma ...... 120, 362 Trix scopula ...... 132 Tapirira guianensis ...... 483,484 Tropidolaemus wagleri ...... 318-320 Taraka ...... 293 Tropidophorus beccarii ...... 318 Taxus ...... 326 brookei ...... 318 sumatrana ...... 329 Tupaia ...... 344 Technomyrmex ...... 292 dorsalis ...... 177, 178, 343 Tectaria ...... 47, 48 glis ...... 178, 343, 427 lobii ...... 48 gracilis ...... 177, 178, 343 Tectona grandis ...... 462, 467 minor ...... 177, 178, 343 Teleopsis ...... 170, 172, 173 montana ...... 177 belalongensis ...... 170, 171, 173 pieta ...... 177, 178, 181 belzebuth ...... 170 tana ...... 177, 178 burkhardti ...... 173 Tylonyeteris pachypus ...... 91, 94 discrepans " ...... 173 robustula ...... 91, 94 pallifacies ...... 170, 171, 173 Tvmpanophyllum ...... 80, 81 Termes ...... 300 Vnearia ...... 226 Terminalia foetidissima ...... 328 Uranotaenia ...... 89, 90, 93 phellocarpa ...... 429 Uromys eaudimae-ulatus ...... 225 Tetramorium ...... 11, 119, 120, 122 Urophyllum ...... 223, 226, 227 Tetraponera ...... 94, 120, 122 gIabrum ...... 226, 227 Teuchophorus ...... 185, 188, 190, 191 hirsutum ...... 221 conspicuus ...... 190 Uthina luzonica ...... 92 costalis ...... 190 Vaccinium ...... 223,325 denticulatus ...... 190 Varanus salvator ...... 318, 321 digitatus ...... 190 Vatica endertii ...... 143 femoratus ...... 190 odorata ...... 141, 143 fuscicornis ...... 190 Virola surinamensis ...... 229 grandior ...... 190 Vollenhovia ...... 120 laingensis ...... 190 Wasmannia ...... 120 554 GENUS AND SPECIES INDEX

Willowsiella ...... 120 Xanthophytum villarii ...... 429 Xylobium ...... 64 Xylocopa myops ...... 59, 64 Xylodiplosis ...... 89,92, 93 Xylopta malayana ...... 412 Yumbera ...... 188 Zingiber zerumbet ...... 155 Zonocerus ...... 458 Zosterops ...... 152 GENERAL INDEX Abbott's Booby ...... 472 - species richness & spatial distribution . 199-204 Abundance - of ants ...... 361 Apocynaceae ...... 142, 143, 328 - of ...... 7 Apoh Kayan plateau, Kalimantan ...... 421 - of ...... 106 Appalachian Mountains ...... 199,204 - of fish ...... 377 Apparent quantum yields ...... 369, 370, 373 - of termites ...... 12, 297 Aquifoliaceae ...... 483 Acanthaceae ...... 46, 50 Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserve, Kenya ..... 542 Acanthocephala ...... 5 Araceae/Aroids ...... 43,47-50, 167,445 ~cari ...... 5,89 Arachnida ...... 5,92 Acarina ...... 6, 14, 92 Aradidae ...... 92 Aceh, ...... 425 Araneae ...... 5, 92 Acoustic communication ...... 77 Araneida ...... 23 Acoustic communities ...... 77, 80 Arc/Info GIS ...... 500 Acoustic guilds ...... 77, 80, 83 Arctiidae ...... 90, 93 Actinidiaceae ...... 221, 327 (see also Palmae) ...... 117, 142,483 Activity patterns, & ...... 320 Argus pheasants ...... 154 Adaptation - to shade by ...... 220, 374 Aristolochiaceae ...... 46 - to light by plants ...... 216,367,374 Arthropods ...... 1-20, 21-28, 85-99 Africa ...... 219,411, 523, 535 - canopy studies ...... 22, 205-208 African honeybee ...... 65 - species richness ...... 9, 26, 194 Afromontane forest in Kenya ...... 539, 542 Asian elephant ...... 155 Agamids/Agamidae ...... 318,321 Asian two-horned rhinoceros...... 155 Agaonidae ...... 283 Assassin bug ...... 91 Agenda 21 ...... 417 Asynchronous flowering in figs ...... 283, 288 Agouti ...... 226 Atelestidae ...... 183, 184, 186 Air Hitam, Pontianak, Kalimantan ...... 412, 413 Atlantic rain forests ...... 478 Alangiaceae ...... 142 ...... 21,67, 151, 186, 189,219, All Taxa Inventories ...... 209 221,225, 294, 332, 467, 473, 523 Allochthonous families ...... 325 Australian Aborigines ...... 467,473 Allopatry - in birds ...... lSI Austronesian people ...... 435 - in Presby tis ...... 71 Autochthonous plant families ...... 325 Alluvial forest ...... 102, 253 Avifauna ...... 101-116, 151-152 Altitudinal changes in forests ...... 241-257 Bagridae ...... 380 Altitudinal distribution of plant families . .. 325-330 Bahia, Brazil ...... 477,478 Altitudinal zonation of birds ...... lSI Bali ...... 91 Amani Forest ...... 107 Balikpapan, Kalimantan ...... 454 Amazon/Amazonia ...... 40,50,84,411,482 Balitoridae ...... 309,377,380,382,383,385 Amazon basin peoples ...... 460 Balsaminaceae ...... 156 Amazonian forest ...... 419 Bamboos ...... 167,446,516 Amazonian Indians ...... 459,478 - phytotelmata ...... 85-99 Amazonian terra firme ...... 357 - shoots (as food) ...... 517 Amboseli National Park, Kenya ...... 418 Bananas ...... 442,443 /Amphibia ...... 5,315 Bangar, Darussalam ...... 389 Anacardiaceae ...... 139, 141-143, 325, 327, 483 Bangi forest, Selangor ...... 121 Anguillidae ...... 380 Barbets ...... 104, 154 Annelida ...... 4, 5 Barking deer ...... 343 Annonaceae ...... 142,293,325,328, 483 Barkly Tablelands, Australia ...... 68 Annual litter production ...... 303 Barringtonia Forest ...... 429 Ant-plant symbioses ...... 11, 295 Barro Colorado Island, Panama ...... 217 Antelopes ...... 539 Basalt-derived soils ...... 223, 226 Anthocoridae ...... 92 Bataguridae/Batagurid turtles ...... 155, 318 Anthropogenic grasslands ...... 284, 543 Batflies ...... 91 Ants ...... 1,9,92,94, 117, 193,331,459 Bats ...... 67,69,91,94,427 - abundance ...... 361 Batu Apoi Forest Reserve ...... 29, 43, 50, 125, - and lycaenid ...... 291-296 133, 139,242,297,302,307,315,367,387 - as indicator species ...... 117, 357 Bawangling evergreen tropical forest ecosystem . 489 - as predators ...... 91 Bearded pig ...... 343 - diversity ...... 117-123,357-366 Beech woodland ...... 16 - ecology ...... 357 Bees ...... 59-66 - gardens ...... 12 - halictid ...... 64 - guilds ...... 332 - honey ...... 61,63,64 - in bamboo internodes ...... 91-94 - megachilid ...... 64 - leaf-cutter ...... 12 - social ...... 59-66 - nests ...... 331-340 - stingless ...... 59, 62, 64 - role in forest dynamics ...... 9-12 - sweat ...... 64 - species accumulation curves ...... 205, 206 Beetles - species richness in ..... 208, 209 - species richness ...... 206 Begoniaceae ...... 43, 50, 156 - species-abundance distribution ...... 205 Behaviour - of fish ...... 307 - weaver ants ...... 293 - of stalk-eyed ...... 169-174 Anura ...... 317 Belalong, Brunei Darussalam ..... 35, 59, 60, 64, sounds ...... 83 101, 139, 170, 175, 178, 194, 205, 206, Anuradhapura period, Sri Lanka ...... 507 261,268,298,307, 315, 368, 377, 419 Aphids ...... 187 Belalong River...... 29,48,307,377, 524 Apiaceae ...... 193 Belalong-Temburong watershed ...... 378

555 556 GENERAL INDEX

Benthic fish species ...... 309,310 Butterflies ...... 125-138, 291-296 Bequest values (of trees) ...... 418 - diversity ...... 125-138, 538 Berger-Parker Index ...... 308 - phenology ...... 129 Beta diversity ...... 133, 151, 193, 195 Cabbages ...... 516 Beta rarity ...... 195 Caesalpiniaceae ...... 293 Bioacoustic diversity ...... 77, 84 ...... 523 Bioassay, using rice . 241, 246, 250, 252, 255, 256 ...... 4 Biodiversity - conservation ...... 539 Camphor ...... 347 - Convention ...... 2, 15 Canada ...... 272 - inventories ...... 40 Cannibalism in Culicidae ...... 97 - priorities ...... 544 Canopy - effect of altitude ...... 247 - surveys ...... 537, 545 - fogging...... 193, 194, 196 - values ...... 545 - gaps ...... 215-217,225-229 Biogeographical zones in Kenya. . .. 540, 541, 544 - interception ...... 394 Biogeography .... 67,69,86, 151,377,425,433 - openings ...... 412 Biological currencies...... 535, 544, 545 - tree species ...... 268,273,367,368 Biological ethnobotany ...... 457 Cape Tribulation, Australia...... 21, 23 Biological inventory ...... 209 Cape York Peninsula, Australia ...... 67, 151 Biomass - of ants ...... 9, 357 Carabidae ...... 93 - of arthropods ...... 7 Carbon cycle, role of termites ...... 14 - of fish ...... 308, 516 Carbon sinks ...... 468,472 - of termites ...... 12, 301, 302, 357 Carnivory, in ...... 293 Bioregionalism ...... 474 Cash crops ...... 516 Biosphere Reserves ...... 507 Cassava ...... 458 Biphydidae ...... 93 Cassowaries ...... 459 Birds .... 69,80,101-116,151-152,153,155,195 - and seeds ...... 224 - abundance ...... 106 Catchment basins ..... '...... 393, 426 - and ants ...... 12 Cats ...... 152 - breeding ...... 101, 102, 109 Cecidomyiidae ...... 89-93 - diet preferences ...... 104 Celastraceae ...... 142,441,446 - dispersal of fruits & seeds ...... 224 Central America ...... 219,225 - diversity ...... 101-116, 151-152, 538 Ceratocombidae ...... 92 - malaria ...... 152 Ceratopogonidae ...... 89-93 - palaearctic migrants ...... 101 Chaetognatha ...... 5 - ringing ...... 109 Chance effects, and species richness ...... 215 - vertical stratification...... 101 Channel processes ...... 394 Birds of paradise ...... 288 Chao Khao tribes, ...... 513 Bischofiaceae ...... 328 Chao's method of estimating Blattelidae ...... 92 species richness...... 198,206,207 Blattodea ...... 24, 92 Chelisochidae ...... 92 Blue Mountains, Jamaica ...... 223 Chemical communication ...... 186 Boidae ...... 318 Chestnut-necklaced partridge ...... 155 Bombacaceae ...... 142, 325 China ...... 489, 523 Bongos ...... 543 Chinese-German Coordinated Ecological Research Bootstrap method of estimating species richness 197, Programme ...... 489 198,207 Chironomidae ...... 89, 93 Boraginaceae ...... 483 Chloroxylon-Berrya-Vitex-Schleichera series ... 505 Borneo ..... 29,30,43,59,71,72,74,75, 101, Chordata ...... 4, 5 102,117,125,139,163.166,169,175,178,194, Christmas Island ...... 472 208,223,259,292,297,315,331,341,367,377, Chrysobalanaceae ...... 142, 483 387,388,411,417,420,435,463,495,523 Chrysomelids ...... 25 Boxing (tapping) ...... 235-237 Cicadidae/Cicadas ...... 77, 80-82, 84 Brachiopoda ...... 5 Civets ...... 427 Brachystegia forests ...... 4, 543 Cladograms ...... 311, 312, 383 Brazil ...... 9, 133, 268, 477, 478 Clariidae ...... 380 Brenthidae ...... 93 Clay soils ...... 259 Brillouin Index ...... 308 Cleridae ...... 93 Britain...... 193, 199, 200 Clethraceae ...... 329 British Overseas Development Administration .. 536 Clouded leopards ...... 342, 343 Brunei Darussalam .... 4,9,22,29,43,59, 101, Clubionidae ...... 92 125, 139, 163, 169, 175, 193,241,259, Clusiaceae ...... 142, 325, 328, 483 297,307,315,331,367,377,387,417, Cnidaria ...... 5 435, 495, 523 Co-evolution, in fish ...... 312 Bryophytes ...... 253 Coastal forests in Kenya...... 542 Bufonidae ...... 317 Coastal hill dipterocarp forest ...... 221 Bukit Belalong ... 48, 126, 241, 253, 391, 394, 500 Cobitidae ...... 380 - forest profile diagrams ...... 248 Coccinellidae ...... 24, 25, 90, 93 Bukit Lagong Forest Reserve, ...... 347 Coenagrionidae ...... 94 Bukit Lesong, Brunei Darussalam ...... 394 Coexistence, in ants ...... 331, 332 Bukit Pagon, Brunei Darussalam ...... 394 Coleoptera .. 5,8,9, 14,24,87,93, 133, 194,310 Bukit Rongkit, Malaysia...... 155 Collembola ..... 5, 6, 12, 14, 24, 88-92, 183, 186 Bukit Teraja, Brunei Darussalam ...... 167 Colobinae ...... 71 Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore ...... 221 Colobus monkeys ...... 539 Bukit Tudal, Brunei Darussalam. . .. 177, 178, 180 Colonisation - of logged forests ...... 344 Bukit Wang Mu Forest Reserve, Malaysia .... 153 - of bamboo internodes ...... 86 Bundala Sanctuary, Sri Lanka ...... 507 Colonizers and seed size ...... 223 Burseraceae ...... 141, 142,328 ...... 318 GENERAL INDEX 557

Combretaceae ...... 328 - of subterranean termites ...... 299 Commensals ...... 321 - of termite nests ...... 298 Commonwealth Forestry Conference ...... 493 - of termites ...... 297, 303 Communication, chemical, in empidoid flies ... 191 - of trees ...... 139-142, 489 Communities - age structure in birds ...... 105 - of treeshrews ...... 344 - diversity, in stream fish ...... 385 Denver, Colorado ...... 272 - of bamboo internodes ...... 86 Dermaptera...... 5, 11,92 - organization of herpetofauna ...... 315 Detritivores ...... 297 Compensation points ...... 219,374 Diaphorinae ...... 185 Competition - for water ...... 216, 229 Diel cycles in ants ...... 333, 337, 338 - in murids ...... 176, 178 Diel-temporal resource use ...... 319 - in small mammals ...... 175 Diel-time analysis ...... 315,316 - male, in stalk-eyed flies ...... 169 Diet - preferences of birds ...... 104 Competitive hierarchy model ...... 332 - overlap between fish species ...... 313 Compositae ...... 516 Digital elevation model ...... 406 Congo ...... 411,541 Dilleniaceae ...... 139, 141, 142,428 Conservation ...... 67, 215, 230, 288, 322, 345, Dioecious fig species ...... 284 417, 418, 425, 433, 477, 478, 503, 509, 535 DiopsidaelDiopsid flies ...... 169-174 - areas ...... 422 Diplopods ...... 92 - arguments for ...... 467-475 Diptera ...... 5, 9, 87, 93, 169, 183, 184 - community-level ...... 283 Dipterocarpaceae . .. 117, 139, 141-143, 163, 193, - of resources ., ...... 461 205, 235, 247, 277, 325, 327, 341, 347, 428 - strategies ...... 535 Dipterocarps . .. 167, 175,223, 229, 242, 277, 505 Continuum concept of community organisation . 195 - seedlings ...... 229 Convention on Biological Diversity ...... 209,417 - seeds, as food for ants...... 336 Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Direct use values of forest ...... 417, 418, 535 Rainforest Ecology ...... 21 Diseases of man, from forests ...... 470 Copepoda ...... 87, 92 Disjunct distribution in Presby tis ...... 72 Corylophidae ...... 24, 93 Dispersal - barriers in fish ...... 383 Coscinida ...... 92 - centre for Presby tis ...... 71 Cost efficiency of inventory methods . . . .. 523-533 - of figs ...... 288 Costa Rica ...... 16,39,209,216, 217, - of fish ...... 385 219,227, 229, 255, 357, 373, 418 - of plant propagules ...... 329, 330 Cote d'Ivoire ...... 219 - of seeds...... 215, 225, 226 Crab spiders ...... 91 - of seeds by ants ...... 11 Crn~ ...... ~ - of seeds by squirrels ...... 224 Crickets ...... 77, 80, 82-84 Dispersion of ants nests ...... 333 Critical populations of species ...... 539 Distribution - of ants ...... 10 Crocker Range, Sabah ...... 34, 37 - of birds ...... 101,151 Crop genetic resources ...... 478 - of freshwater fish...... 377 Crustacea/Crustaceans ...... 5, 87, 92, 95 - of Kapur Forest ...... 348 Crypteroniaceae ...... 142 - of termites in forests ...... 12 Cryptic pioneer ...... 219 - patterns of tree families ...... 325-330 Ctenophora ...... 5 DIVERSITAS programme ...... 209 Cucujidae ...... 93 Diversity - alpha ...... 29,31,35,37,49 Culicidae ...... 91-93 - beta ...... 133,151,193 Cultural diversity ...... 422 - bioacoustic ...... 84 Cultural identity ...... 457 - changes after ...... 341 Cultural values of trees ...... 467 - ecosystem ...... 2 Curculionidae/Curculionoidea ...... 8, 24, 93 - gamma ...... 49 Customary rights ...... 417, 452, 453 - genetic ...... 2 Customary tenure ...... 422 - gradients ...... 152 Cycads ...... 221 - indices ...... 32, 106, 107, 482 Cyclones ...... 220 - landscape-level ...... 47 Cylapomorpha ...... 92 - local ...... 77, 169, 170 Cyperaceae ...... 43,47, 50, 443 - McIntosh's Index ...... 105, 107 ...... 309,377,380,381 - regional ...... 77 Dammar ...... 235 - Shannon-Wiener index ...... 308 Damselflies ...... 94 - Simpson's Index ...... 106 Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah . . .. 217, - Williams' alpha ...... 34, 36 226, 268, 357 Diversity - of ants ...... 9-12, 117-123,357 Dark respiration rates .... 367,369,370,373,374 -of birds ...... 101,116,151,152 Databases, for plant ...... 164 - of butterflies ...... 125-138 Datiscaceae ...... 328 - of empidoid flies ...... 183-192 Declaration on Environment and Development . 417 - of herbs ...... 43-57 Decomposition processes ...... 297 - of herpetofauna ...... 315-323 Deep Ecology ...... 467, 472 - of Macrolepidoptera in Britain ...... 30, 35 Deep-seated landslides/slope failures ..... 405, 406 - of Microlepidoptera ...... 29-42 Deer ...... 343,427,459 - of small mammals ...... 175-182 ...... 357,452,455,513,519 - of termites ...... 12-14,297-305 in ...... 417 - of trees ...... 139-150 Density - of barking deer ...... 344 Doi Inthanon Park, Thailand ...... 421 - of kapur stands ...... 354 Dolichoderinae ...... 117, 119-122,293,294 - of mammals after logging ...... 341-346 DolichopodidaelDolichopodinae .. 95, 183-188, 191 -ofmurids ...... 176,180,181 Domatia ...... 11 - of primates ...... 343, 344 Dominance, of tree families ...... 139-142 - of squirrels ...... 343, 344 Doona-Ca/ophyllum-Syzygium series ...... 505 558 GENERAL INDEX

Doona-Dipterocarpus-Mesua series ...... 505 - processes ...... 260, 268 Dorylinae ...... 117, 119-121,359,360 - rates...... 268,271,272 Doves, fruit ...... 288 Erythroxylaceae ...... 483 Dragonflies ...... 94 Ethiopia ...... 541 Drainage, of peat swamp forest ...... 414 Ethnobotany ...... 421,435,457,459,462 Drainage area in streams ...... 377-379, 383-385 - categories/classificiation ...... 435-450 Drainage density ...... 393,397,404 Ethospecies ...... 78, 81, 83 Drakensburg Mountains, Kenya ...... 541 Eucalyptus forests ...... 4 Drosophilidae ...... 169 Eumetazoa ...... 5 Dry ...... 186 Euphorbiaceae . . . .. 117, 139, 141-143, 167,225, Dryopteridaceae ...... 47 325,327,328,428,482,483 Dumoga-Bone Park, ...... 8,9, 421 Europe ...... 217,220,223 Durians ...... 429 Evapotranspiration ...... 391, 394, 403 Dusuns ...... 435-449 Evenness index, ant distribution ...... 360 - ethnobotany ...... 437, 447 Evolution ...... 172, 287, 291, 425 Dytiscidae ...... 94 - of ant-plant interactions ...... 294 Earthworms ...... 90 - of biodiversity ...... 295 ...... 90 - of dioecy in figs ...... 287 East Africa ...... 105, 109 - of diversity in the Lycaenidae ...... 291 East Kalimantan ...... 452 - of gynodioecious figs ...... 287 Ebenaceae ...... 141-143, 163,328 - of hilIslopes ...... 404 EOOla Zaire ...... 470 - of large seeds ...... 225 Echinodermata ...... 5 Evolutionary pressures ...... 284 Echiura ...... 5 Existence values of forests ...... 417, 418, 545 Ecology - balance ...... 461 Exploitation of Indonesian forest ...... 451-456 - diversity ...... 64 Extinction...... 67-69, 152, 341, 345, 469 - indices for fish ...... 307 Extractive reserves/cycles ...... 477, 478 - preferences of families ... 329 Extrafloral nectar/nectaries ...... 294, 363 - response ...... 325 Eyestalks of diopsid flies ...... 172 - role of peat lands ...... 414 F species (of birds) ...... 539 - segregation ...... 311, 339 ...... 142, 293, 483 - segregation model ...... 313 Factor of safety (of slopes) ...... 399-401, 403 - shade tolerance ...... 216 Fagaceae ...... 142, 326, 327, 329, 330 - tolerance ...... 219, 226 Importance Value (of trees) ... 139,141-143 - zones of freshwater fish...... 383 FAO Tropical Forestry Action Plan ...... 503 Economics - analyses ...... 545 Feeding behaviour - of bees ...... 59 - botany ...... 457 - of fish ...... 307 - factors ...... 417 Feeding guilds ...... 127 - values and valuation ..... 417,457,467, 535 Ferns ...... 163, 167,442,443 Ecosystem hierarchy ...... 490 Fertilisation (nutrients) ...... 241, 246, 253 Edaphic factors ...... 49 Fibres (piassava) ...... 477-487 Elaeocarpaceae ...... 327 Figs, pollination/reproduction ...... 283-289 Elapidae ...... 318 Fiji ...... 152, 523 Elephants ...... 545 Filicium-Euphoria-Artocarpus- Elevation - effects on fish distribution .... 383, 385 transitional series ...... 505 - effects on plant distribution ...... 325 - 330 Finnish taiga ant community ...... 339 Elongated tortoise ...... 156 Fire resistant weeds ...... 516 Emergent tree species .... 247, 347, 367, 368, 373 First- jackknife method ...... 206, 207 Empidoidea/Empididinae/Empidoid flies .. 183-192 Fish ...... 307-314, 377-386 Endangered species/populations . 415, 535, 538, 539 - assemblages ...... 311 Endau Rompin, Peninsular Malaysia ...... 132 - distribution...... 377 Endemic Areas ...... 540 - morphology ...... 308,310 Endemics - birds ...... 428 - species diversity ...... 312 - dipterocarps in Sri Lanka ...... 505 F1acourtiaceae ...... 141-143,328,483 - Lycaenidae ...... 292 Flora Malesiana ...... 163 - plant species ...... 155,411,425, 503, 508 Floristic zones in Kenya ...... 540 - primates ...... 429, 430 Flowering synchrony, in figs ...... 288 Endemism ...... 9,59,427, 535, 540 Focal forests in Kenya ...... 542 - in Mentawai mammals ...... 427 Fogging ...... 10, 205 - in Sri Lanka ...... 505 Food bodies as food sources for ants . . . .. 11, 363 - in vertebrate groups ...... 545 Food webs in bamboo internodes ...... 85, 91, 96 Endomychidae ...... 90, 93 Foraging tactics in fish ...... 307 England ...... 105, 107 Foreign labourers in forestry ...... 452 Entoprocta ...... 5 Forest - conservation ...... 452 Environment - damage ...... 513 - conservation planning ...... 544 - effects of agriculture...... 521 - conversion ...... 414,415 - evaluation ...... 467 - destruction in ...... 456 - management ...... 417 - destruction in Thailand ...... 521 - preservation ...... 474 - economic rent ...... 454 - values ...... 478 - exploitation ...... 451-455 Ephemeroptera ...... 310 - financial returns ...... 419 Epidermal organs of lycaenidae ...... 293 - food products ...... 518 Epiphytes ...... 428, 429 - legislation ...... 455 - effects on diversity ...... 27 - plantations ...... 277-281 Equilibrium status of hillslopes ...... 407 - population dynamics ...... 411 Ericaceae ...... 325, 329, 330 - products ...... 417-419,435,451-2,454 Erosion ... 260,271,272,303,397,398,404,406 - profile diagrams ...... 248 GENERAL INDEX 559

Forest (cont.) - regeneration ...... 516 - utilisation by fish ...... 308 - reserves ...... 503, 536 Hainan, China ...... 489 - resources ...... 453, 517 Hansa Bay, Papua ...... 184, 190 - structure ...... 347 Hanunoo people, Southeastern Mindoro ...... 460 - sustainability ...... 452 Hawaiian Islands ...... 152,217 Formicidae ...... 6,93,117,206 Heath forest (kerangas) .. 13,38,44, 412, 481, 489 Formicinae ..... 117, 119-122,332,357,359,360 Hemichordata ...... 5 French Guiana ...... 64 Hemiptera ...... 5, 8, 9, 14, 92, 93, 310 Frequency distribution - of trees ...... 139-141 Herbivory, role of ants ...... 10 - of rainfall events ...... 394 Herbs ...... 43-57,222 Freshwater fish communities ...... 307-314 Herpetofauna ...... 315-323 Freshwater swamp forest ...... 411-415, 429 Hesperiidae ...... 125, 127, 131 Frogs - litter ...... 322 Heteropoda ...... 92 - tree ...... 322 Heterostyly in figs ...... 284 - vocalisation ...... 80, 82 Hexapoda ...... 5 Frugivorous ...... 283, 288 Highland forests in Thailand ...... 513 Fruit doves ...... 288 Hillslope characteristics ...... 387-409 Functional value of trees ...... 468 Hindumkanda, Sri Lanka ...... 506 Gallery rainforest ...... 67, 68, 133 Histeridae ...... 93 Gamma-rarity ...... 195 Hmong hill tribes, Thailand ...... 514 Gap seedlings ...... 370, 374 HomopteralHomopterans . 5, 10,24,293, 294, 310 Gap-phase species...... 50, 227, 367-375 Honeybees ...... 61,63, 64 Gas exchange ...... 369, 370, 374 Honeycreepers ...... 152 Gastromyzontins ...... 309,310 Hooded pitta ...... 156 Gastrotricha ...... 5 Hornbills ...... 104, 153, 155 Gekkonidae ...... 318 - bushy-crested ...... 155 Generalist plant species ...... 327 - great ...... 155 Genetic resource ...... 429 - helmeted ...... 155 Genitalia of dolichopodids ...... 188, 189 - rhinoceros ...... 155 Geographical Information Systems ..... 316,406, - white-crowned ...... 155 489-494, 495-502 - wreathed ...... 155 Geographical variation in Presby tis ...... 71-76 Horton-Strahler stream classification ...... 378 Geomorphology ...... 259,387, 392, 407 Host-specificity of fig pollinators ...... 283 Gerlach-type runoff plots ...... 262 Host-tree specificity of arthropods ...... 25 Germany ...... 16 Huastec people, Mexico ...... 463 Germination ...... 217,223,227 Human commensals ...... 315,321 Gesneriaceae ...... 43, 46, 47, 50, 156, 221 Human immunodeficiency virus ...... 470 Ghana ...... 10, 357 Hurulu Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka ...... 507 Gibbons ...... 154, 343 Hutchinsonian ratios ...... 179 - Bornean ...... 343 HybotidaelHybotinae ...... 183-192 - Kloss ...... 429 Hydrograph ...... 395, 397 - white-handed ...... 155 Hydrological processes ...... 401, 407 Gingers ...... 442, 443 Hydrology ...... 259, 387, 394 Glaciation ...... 71 - influence of termites ...... 14 Global Positioning Systems (GPS) ...... 496, 499 Hydrophilidae ...... 93, 94 Gnaphosidae ...... 92 Hydrophorinae ...... 185, 187 Gnathostomulida ...... 5 Hymenoptera. .. 5,8,9, 14,24,93, 117,283,310 Gobiidae ...... 380 Hypericaceae ...... 328 Gombak Field Station, Peninsular Malaysia .... 97 Hypoxidaceae ...... 445 Gradient, of streams ...... 377-379,383,385 Hystricidae ...... 177, 181 Gradients, topographical ...... 393 Ibans ...... 421 Graminae/Grasses . . .. 50, 228, 442, 443, 445, 446 Icacinaceae ...... 142, 483 Green-backed flycatcher ...... 156 Ichthyophiidae ...... 317 Gross domestic product ...... 420 Importance Value Index for trees . .. 139, 140, 143 Growing stock patterns, trees ...... 489 Improvement fellings ...... 348 Growth performance, dipterocarps 277-281, 347-355 ...... 303, 320 Growth rates of trees ..... 216,217,219,280,374 Indicator groups - of organisms ...... 15, 16 Gryllidae ...... 80, 84 - of species...... 357, 535, 545 Guangdong, China ...... 489 Indigenous knowledge ...... 457, 459 Guilds, ants ...... 331, 339 land use...... 477 Guineo-Congolian forests ...... 541 Indirect use values ...... 417,418, 535 Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia ...... 68 Indonesia ...... 6,8, 163,327, Gunung Danum, Sabah ...... 119 388, 398, 412, 421, 425, 451, 452, 455, 524 Gunung Leuser Park, Sumatra ...... 421 Indonesian Borneo ...... 411, 414 Gunung Mulu National Park, .. 37,47,48, Indonesian Government legislation ...... 451 132, 139, 143,255,297,303-304, 298 392, 421 Indonesian National Development Plan ... 452, 453 Gunung Silam, Sabah ...... 253, 255 Indonesian Selective Cutting System ...... 412 Guyana ...... 277 Infiltration rates ...... 395, 407 Gymnophiona ...... 317 Infinite slope analysis ...... 406 Gynodioecy in figs ...... 283, 284, 287 Infinite slope model ...... 387,398,399,407 - classification ...... 384 Insectivoraiinsectivores ...... 175, 177, 181,427 - disturbance and small mammals...... 175 sounds ...... 77, 83 - diversity ...... 322 Instrumental values of trees ...... 467, 468 - fragmentation ...... 68 Integrated Multi-Sectoral Information System - partitioning in streams ...... 307 (IMSIS) ...... 489-494 - preferences of ants ...... 339 Inter Tropical Convergence Zone ...... 388 - preferences of empidoid flies ...... 187 Interception of rainfall ...... 263, 264, 394 560 GENERAL INDEX

International Amazon Ecosystem MAB Project . 489 Las Tuxtlas Forest, Mexico ...... 217 International Tropical Timber Agreement . . . .. 503 Late-tolerant plants ...... 219,220 International Tropical Timber Organisation Lathridiidae ...... 93 (ITTO) ...... 456, 490 Latin America ...... 477 Internode community of bamboos ...... 85-99 Latitudinal distribution of plants ...... 325 Interspecific interactions, of ants ...... 332-335 Latosols ...... 260 Intrinsic value of a tree ...... 472 Lauraceae/laurels . . .. 142,223-225, 325-330, 483 Inventories ...... 43,208,315,459 Leaf beetles ...... 94 Inventory methods ...... 321, 523 Leaf litter...... 255,267,304 Inventory of rattan ...... 523 - effect on sediment loss ...... 266 Irian Jaya ...... 425, 451 - effect on sediment retention ...... 265 Irrigation ...... 229 - role in preventing erosion ...... 259 Island biogeography ...... 433 - rates ...... 249 Isopoda ...... 5 Leaves - morphology...... 367-370 Isoptera ...... 5, 303 - specific leaf area ...... 367, 370 ITTO Target 2000 ...... 493 - thickness ...... 368, 370 IUCN categories ...... 506, 507, 538 Lecythidaceae ...... 142 Ivory Coast ...... 272 Legislation, forests in Indonesia ...... 451-456 Ixonanthaceae ...... 141, 142 Leguminosae ...... 143,225 Jaccard's coefficient of similarity ...... 383 Lentic zone ...... 307,309,310,312 Jackknife method of estimating species richness . 198 Lepidopsocidae ...... 92 Jamaica/Jamaican montane forests ...... 223, 255 .. 4, 5, 9, 10, 14,23, 27, 29, 93, 310 Japan...... 217,220,225 - Lycaenidae and ants ...... 12 ...... 72,74,91,391,425,433,455 - Pyraloidea ...... 29-42 Johor, Peninsular Malaysia ...... 347 Leptanillinae ...... 359 Jungle Sanctuaries ...... 507 Levins index of niche breadth ...... 335, 338 Kadazan ...... 421 Libellulidae ...... 94 Kakadu, Australia...... 473 Liberia ...... 541 Kakamega Forest, Kenya ..... 107, 109,541,542 Life-Forms in folk classification ...... 435-449 Kalimantan .. 75, 163,269,411,414,421,451,455 Light - compensation points ... 367,369, 370, 373 Kampong Batang Duri, Brunei Darussalam .... 242 - regimes ...... 216, 374 Kampong Kapok, Muara, Brunei Darussalam ... 34 - tolerance ...... 217 Kanching Forest Reserve, Malaysia ..... 347,348 Light-demanding plants . 216-218,220,222,26,227 Kapit Division, Sarawak ...... 341 Limestone hill flora ...... 153,155 Kapuas river basin, Indonesia ...... 415 Linaceae ...... 141, 142 Kapur Forests, Malaysia ...... 347-355 Lions ...... 418 Karimata island, Indonesia ...... 73 Lithocarpus-Castanopsis rain forest ...... 284 Katydids ...... 77,79, 80, 82 Lithosols ...... 260 Kayans ...... 422 Litter - gaps ...... 217,227 Kayap6 Indians ...... 463 - production ...... 297, 347 Kelabits ...... 422 - traps ...... 245 Kendall's rank correlation coefficient ...... 383 Litterfall ...... 241, 245, 247, 249, 253 Kenya ...... 105, 107-109,418, 535 - nitrogen concentrations ...... 256 Kenya Indigenous Forest Conservation Project . . 537 - rates ...... 268 Kenyahs ...... 421 Lizards ...... 317,319 Kerangas (heath) forest .. 13,38,44, 412, 481, 493 - flying ...... 97 Key Ikeystone species ...... 15, 283 - monitor ...... 321 Khao Yai National Park, Thailand ...... 419, 421 Llavac, Luzon, ...... 237 Kimberley District, Australia ...... 67 Local species richness ...... 193 Kinabalu National Park, Sabah .. 77, 117, 132,421 Loganiaceae ...... 141, 142 Kinorhyncha ...... 5 Logged-over forest ...... 413 Kiribati ...... 152 Logging ...... 341-346,411-414,419,420, Koppen System ...... 428 425-433, 451-456 Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, - illegal ...... 421,454 Brunei Darussalam .... 44, 101, 125, 169, 175, - impact on Siberut ...... 431, 432 262, 298, 307, 315, 332, 368, 387, 389, 524 Long-fallow forest management systems ... 481,484 Kuala Lompat, Pahang, Malaysia ...... 119 Long-horned beetle ...... 94 Kuper Range Wildlife Conservation Area, Papua Longans ...... 518 New Guinea ...... 284 Longevities - of seeds ...... 226 La Selva Forest, Costa Rica ...... 217,219,229 - of trees ...... 216 Labiatae ...... 325, 506 Loranthaceae ...... 167 ...... 92 Lotic zones...... 307,309,310 Lagriidae ...... 93 Low thinning...... 347 Laing Island, Papua New Guinea ...... 184 Lower montane forest ...... 241, 284 Lake Turkana, Kenya ...... 535 Lowland dipterocarp forest.. 30,34,77, 108, 117, Lake Victoria, Kenya ...... 535, 541 126,297,315,331,332,358,368,393,495,524 Land - ethics ...... 467, 471 Lowland rain forest ...... 215,241 - tenure ...... 417, 421 Luxembourg ...... 268 - use ...... 492 Luzon, Philippines ...... 235 Landscape stability evaluation ...... 406 Lycaenidae/Lycaeninae . 12, 125, 127, 131,291-296 Landslides ...... 401,405-407 MacArthur & Levins' equation ...... 316 Langurs - dusky ...... 154, 156 Macaques - Mentawai ...... 429 - maroon ...... 344 - pig-tailed ...... 344 - Mentawai ...... 429 - stump-tailed ...... 153, 155 - pig-tailed ...... 429 Macrolepidoptera ...... 9, 29, 30, 35 - white-fronted ...... 344 - in Borneo ...... 39 Lapse rate on Bukit Belalong ...... 243 Macrotermitinae ...... 297-299, 301-303 GENERAL INDEX 561

Madagascar ...... 505 Mixed dipterocarp forest ...... 13,38,43, 139, Madang, Papua New Guinea ...... 183 140, 143, 175, 259, 260, 268, 341, 367, 377, Mae Soi, Chiang Mal, Thailand ...... 513 413, 436, 489, 493 Magnesium concentrations in soil ...... 261 Mkongani Forest Reserve, Kenya ...... 542 Malaise traps ...... 8 Moisture retention curves/fluxes ...... 396, 397 Malay archipelago ...... n Mole crickets ...... 82 Malay Peninsula. 46, n, 74, 91, 169, In, 220-223 Mollusca ...... 4, 5 Malaysia/Malaya .... 13,117,178,221,268,277, Mombasa-Kilifi area, Kenya ...... 541 291,345,347,411,452 Mongoose, collared ...... 343 Male secondary sexual characters ...... 186 Monitor lizards ...... 321 Malesia ...... 64,225,325, 505 Monsoons...... 358, 388, 389 Malpighiaceae ...... 483 Monsoon rainforest ...... 67-69 Maludam Peninsula peat swamp forest, Montane forest ... 13,38,217,241,283,325-330 Indonesia ...... 411 - profile diagram ...... 248 , Indonesia ...... 451 - in Sri Lanka ...... 505 Mammals/Mammalia ...... 5, 67-69, 80, 341, 427 Monterey pine ...... 467 - dispersal of fruits & seeds ...... 224 Moonrat ...... 156 - diversity ...... 342, 343, 538 Moraceae ...... 142, 283, 327, 328, 483 - marsupials ...... 68 Mortality (of Kapur) ...... 353 - monkeys ...... 71 Mosquito larvae ...... 88, 89, 91, 95 - small mammal diversity ...... 175-182 Moult cycles of birds ..... 101, 102, 105, 107, 109 - surveys ...... 153 Mount Banahao, Luzon, Philippines ...... 325 Man and Biosphere Program ...... 425 Mount Kaindi, Papua New Guinea ...... 284 Management planning ...... 463,482, 535, 545 Mount Makiling, Luzon, Philippines ...... 326 Mandor Nature Reserve, West Kalimantan .... 412 Mouse, pencil-tailed tree ...... 156 Mangrove forests .. 34,38,183,186,190,411,429 Mousedeer - greater ...... 156 Manilkara-Chloroxylon series ...... 505 - lesser ...... 156, 343 Manu, Peru ...... 221 Mozambique ...... 541 Marantaceae ...... 50, 228, 325, 446, 483 Mudpuddling...... 127, 129, 133 Marbled cats ...... 343 MuridaelMurids ...... 175, 177, 178, 181 Marshall Islands ...... 152 Mushrooms ...... 517 Marsupials ...... 68, 177, 288 Mustelids ...... 177 Mass movement of hillslopes ...... 397, 398, 406 Mutualism ...... 283,287,291,295,303 Mastacembelidae ...... 380 Mycetophilidae ...... 90, 93 Mata Ayer Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia3, 155 Mycorrhizae ...... 224 Material value of trees ...... 468 Myristicaceae ...... 141-143,325,326, 328, 428 Mating behaviour of stalk-eyed flies ...... 169 Myrmecophily ...... 291, 292, 294 Mau Forest Reserve, Kenya ...... 107, 542 Myrmecoxeny ...... 291,293,294 Mbuti people, Zaire ...... 462 Myrmicinae .... 117,119,120-122,357,359,360 McIntosh's Diversity Index ...... 105-107, 109 Myrsinaceae ...... 141, 142, 328, 482, 483 Medeterinae ...... 185 Myrtaceae ...... 141-143,247,293,325-327, Medicinal plants ...... 517 329, 330, 482, 483 Mediterranean Basin ...... 223 Mysmeridae ...... 92 Megabats ...... 288 Namibia ...... 332 Megatherms (of plants) ...... 325, 327 Nandi Forest, Kenya...... 107 Melastomataceae .... 43,50, 142,219,221,226, Nanga Medamit, Sarawak ...... 390 326, 327, 482, 483 Nanga Tayap, Kalimantan ...... 412-414 Meliaceae ...... 117, 142, 325-330 Nanga Tekalit, Sarawak ...... 317 Mende people, Sierra Leone ...... 461 Nasutitermitinae ...... 297, 298, 300-302 Mendolong, Sabah ...... 391 National Biosphere Reserves ...... 425, 508 Mentawai Islands, Indonesia ...... 71,74,425 National Parks ...... 417, 421, 432, 507, 535 Merimbun village, Brunei Darussalam .... 436, 437 Natural resource management ...... 513 Mersing Forest Reserve, Malaysia ...... 348 Nature Reserves ...... 507 Mesophyll vine forest ...... 23 Nauru ...... 152 Mesozoa ...... 5 Nectar ...... 59, 62, 65, 104, 184 Mexico ...... 64 Nectaries, extra-floral ...... 11 Microhabitats ...... 315,331,363 Negative binomial method of estimating species - analysis ...... 315 richness ...... 206, 207 - use ...... 315,316,320 Nemata ...... 4,5 - utilisation by fish ...... 309 Nematodes ...... 4 Microhybotids ...... 186 Nematomorpha ...... 5 Microhylidae ...... 317 Nemertea ...... 5 Microlepidoptera ...... 9, 29-42, 133, 500 Nest distances in ants ...... 338 - in SE Asia ...... 39 Nesting, in bees ...... 61 - species richness ...... 31 Neurigoninae ...... 185 Micrometeorology of forest gaps ...... 217 Neuroptera ...... 5 Micronesia ...... 152 New Caledonia ...... 151 Microphoridae ...... 183, 184, 186 New Guinea ...... 151, 422, 425, 523 Microtherm (of plants) ...... 325, 330 New Guinea forests ...... 255 Migrant birds ...... 101, 105 New Hebrides ...... " 109 Migration of fish ...... 385 New Zealand ...... 152, 186 Miletinae ...... 291, 293, 295 Niche ...... 307,315,321,326,331,339 Mimosaceae ...... 293, 483 - breadth ...... 307, 308, 310, 335, 336, 338 Mineral losses/sediment losses ...... 265, 267 - differentiation ...... 151, 215 Miridae ...... 92 - distributions ...... 331 Mist netting ...... 101, 102, 108 - overlap ...... 307,308,311,316,321, Mites ...... 89, 90, 92, 183, 186 322, 331, 335-339 562 GENERAL INDEX

Niche (conto) - overlap cladograms 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 311 224,271,272,274, 275, 283, 357, 417, 422

- parameters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 335, 339 Parasites - of ants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12

- segregation in Lycaenidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 291, 295 - of fig wasps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 287

Nieuwenhuis' bulbul 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 102 Parazoa ...... 0 5

Nigeria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13, 272, 458 Parrots ...... 0 288

Nitidulidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 93 Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,297-304

Nitrification rates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246, 250, 255 Patch dynamics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 503

Nitrogen concentrations - in litterfall 0 0 0 0 0 241, 247 Pathogens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 224

- in seeds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 224 Paussidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12

- in soil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 261 Peak Wilderness Sanctuary, Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 508

- on Bukit Belalong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 249 Pearson's correlation coefficient 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 129, 130

- losses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 266, 267 Peat swamp forest 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,411-414

Noah Creek, Queensland, Australia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 - as energy sources 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 414

Nomadic lifestyle 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 462 Pelage colour in Presby tis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 71, 73

Non-pioneer species (of trees) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 227,372 Pelagic species of fish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 309, 310

Non-timber forest products 0 0 0 0 419-421,477, 523 Pelobatidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 317

North America 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 217,220, 332 Penans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 421

- deserts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 332 Peninsular Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 88, 132, 153, 156, 180,

- temperate forests 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 332 277, 292, 297, 298, 304, 341, 345, 347, 373, 523

Northern Territory, Australia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 67, 151 Penman evaporation/transpiration rates 0 0 0 0 0 0 251

Nuaulu ethnozoology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 447 Pentaphragmataceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 221

Nuaulu people, Seram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 462 Pentatomidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92

Nuaulu, Seram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 459-461 Peradayan Forest Reserve, Brueni Darussalam 0 180

Nutmeg 00000000000000000000000000 229 Perlis, Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 153

Nutrients - in forest soils 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 241-257 Peru 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,221, 272, 419

- concentrations in streams 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 382 Pesticides - concentrations in Thailand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 519

- losses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 - contamination of streams 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 513

- role of termites in cycling 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 Pharmaceuticals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 478

- supply 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 216 Pharmacology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 458, 470

Nyctaginaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325, 326, 328, 483 Phenology,ofbutterflies 000000000000 125-133

Nycterbiidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91 Pheromones 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 186, 191

Nymphalidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125, 127, 131 Philippines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235, 325, 429, 452, 524, 530

Oceania - forest bird diversity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151-152 Pholcidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92, 95

- empidoid flies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 Phoridae/Phorids 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 87, 90, 93

Ochnaceae ...... 0 46 Phoronida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5

Ochyroceratidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92 Phosphate mining 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 473

Odonata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5, 310 Phosphorus - concentrations in soil 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 261

Oecophoridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 - losses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 266, 267

Oil of palosapis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 Photosynthesis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 367,369,370-374

Olacaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 117,141,142 - efficiency 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 373

Oleaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 Photosynthetically active photon flux density

Oligophagy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 (PPFD) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 367

Onychophora 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Physico-chemical characteristics of forest

Oonopidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92 streams 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 382

Opiliones 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Physiological shade tolerance 0 0 0 0 0 216, 219, 226

Opium poppy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 516 Physiology of tree seedlings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 367-375

Option values of forest 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 417, 418, 535 Phytotelmata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85, 86, 95, 97

Orchidaceae/Orchids 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47, 50, 155 Pianka's Index 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 308

Organic litter erosion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 267 Piassava palms & products 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 477-487

Organic matter - content of soils 0 0 0 261,263,266 Pieridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125, 127, 129, 131

- losses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 260, 266 Pigs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250, 343, 459

Organic sediment losses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 - bearded 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 343

Orthic acrisols 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 244, 259, 261 Pioneer trees 0 220, 221, 225-228, 367, 368, 372-374

Orthoptera 0 0 0 0 5, 9, 12, 24, 77, 80, 83,310, 336 Piperaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 483

Osteichthyes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Pit vipers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320

Otters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 427 Pitcher plants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95

- oriental small-clawed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 343 Pitfall trapping - of ants 0 0 0 117, 118, 122,358,361

Over-exploitation of forest products 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 536 - of herpetofauna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 316

Overlap of ant species 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 359 - of small mammals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 176

Owls - brown fish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156 Plants - adaptations and ants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11

- dusky eagle 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156 - domestication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 462

Oxygen pumps, trees as 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 472 - endemism 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 541

Pachytroctidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 92 Plantations 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 277, 280

Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 347 Plasticity of seedlings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 367

Palduay village, Thailand 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 514 Platyhelminthes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5

Palaearctic migrants (birds) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 102, 109 Platystomatidae/Platystomatid flies 0 0 0 0 0 0 169, 191

Palaeomagnetic dating 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 392 Plectoptera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 310

Palm oil plantations 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 425,433 Poaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 516

Palmae/Palms 0 155, 166-7,429,442, 444, 446, 523 Podocarpaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325, 329

Palosapis, resin yields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235-240 Podsolic soils 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 428

Panama 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215,217,228,229,357 Pogonophora 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5

Pangolins 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156, 427 Pollination 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 283, 430

Panthers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156 - in figs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 283-289

Panti Forest Reserve, Malaysia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 348 Polonnaruwa period, Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 507

Pantu, Sarawak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 421 Polygalaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 142

Papilionidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125, 127, 129, 131 Polygonaceae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 483

Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 91, 183-186, 188, 189, Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 151, 152 GENERAL INDEX 563

Ponerinae ...... 117, 119-122,332,357,359,360 - Fund (Indonesia) ...... 455 Population density, of ants ...... 363 - programmes ...... 514 Population growth in Indonesia ...... 414 - projects in Thailand ...... 518 Population growth/densities in Sri Lanka ..... 506 Regeneration ...... 215, 216, 227, 349 Population of Kenya ...... 536 - of kapur ...... 344-355 Population structure (of birds) ...... 101 - of peat swamp forests ...... 347,411-415 Porcupine - Malayan ...... 156 Regeneration niche ...... 215 - thick-spined ...... 177, 343 Regional diversity of beetles in Borneo ...... 208 Pore water pressure ...... 387, 400-403 Regional species richness ...... 193, 194 Poring Hot Springs, Sabah ...... 77,82, 117 Relict fauna ...... 433 Port Vila, ...... 30 Relief - of the Batu Apoi Forest Reserve .. 394, 397 Posterity argument for conservation ...... 468 - of Sri Lanka ...... 504 Potassium, losses from erosion ...... 266, 267 Reproductive behaviour of stalk-eyed flies .... 169 Potato, as crop in Thailand ...... 519 Reproductive success in figs and fig-wasps . 283-289 Predation ...... 315, 385 Reptilia/ ...... 5, 155,315 - by ants ...... 11 - surveys of ...... 153 - by wasps ...... 283 Resettlement areas on Siberut ...... 432 - of seeds ...... 224 Resettlement programmes in Thailand ...... , 514 Preservation of global biodiversity ...... 503 Residual stand (after logging) ...... 413 Prey diversity in fish ...... 308, 310 Resin yields in palosopis ...... 235-240 Priapulida ...... 5 Resources - depletion ...... 472 Primates ...... 153, 155,341-343, 427, 539 - inventories ...... 523 Production forest ...... 413, 451 - management ...... 421 Profile diagrams of forest ...... 248 - overlap ...... 332, 338, 339 Proteaceae ...... 142, 225 - partitioning . 84,291,295,307,311,331,332 Protected area system of Sri Lanka . . . .. 507 = 509 - utilisation ...... 315, 339 Protected forest in Indonesia ...... 414 Respiration rates (in plants) ...... 367, 373, 374 Proto-Malayan people ...... 433 Restinga (heath-like forests) ...... 478 Proto-terrestrial (plants) ...... 47, 48, 50 Rhacophoridae ...... 317 Protozoa ...... 4, 5, 87 Rhamnaceae ...... 293 Prudential argument for conservation ...... 470 Rhaphiinae ...... 185 Pselaphidae ...... 12, 93 Rheophytic herbs ...... 48 Pseudococcids ...... 94 Rhinotermitidae " ...... 297-303 Pseudomyrmicinae ...... 117, \19-121,359,360 Rhizophoraceae ...... 325 Pseudophyllinae ...... 81 Riau archipelago, Indonesia ...... 72 Pseudoscorpiones ...... 5 Riau-Jambi forest, Indonesia ...... 451 Pseudoturnover ...... 197, 205 Rice - bioassay ...... 241, 246, 252 Psocoptera ...... 9, 23, 24, 90, 92 - cultivation ...... 517 Psychodidae ...... 90, 93 Rio de Janeiro, Argentina ...... , 268 Pteridophytes ...... 47-50 Riparian forest, Brunei Darussalam ...... , 175 Puerto Rico ...... 364 Ripple bugs ...... 95 Pyralidae ...... 94 Rituals (relation to ethnobiology) ...... 461 Quantum yield values ...... 374 River discharges ...... 394 Queensland, Australia. 21,151,220,223,231,288 Riverine Forest, Siberut, Indonesia ...... 425 Quezon, Philippines ...... 235, 326 Rodentia/Rodents ..... " ...... 175, 177 Radiation, of empidoid flies ...... 183 Root competition ...... 215, 216, 223, 227-229 Rainfall - at Belalong .... 243,263,389,391,392 Root mats ...... 267, 269 - at Danum Valley Field Centre ...... 358 - effect on sediment retention ...... 265 - data for Brunei Darussalam ...... 388-402 - role in preventing erosion ...... 259 - effect on erosion ...... 259 Rosaceae ...... 142 Rambai village, Brunei Darussalam ...... 435 Rotifera ...... 4, 5 RaminiRamin forest ...... 413-415 Rove beetles ...... 88, 89 Ramsar Wetlands ...... 507 Royalties from timber ...... 420 Ranidae ...... 317 Rubiaceae ...... 46,50, 142, 163,221,226, Rapid Biodiversity Assessment ...... " 27, 321 327,429,444, 482, 483 Rare species and conservation ...... 538, 545 Runoff ...... 259,264-266 Rats ...... 154, 427 - and soil erosion ., 259-270,271-275,387-409 - black ...... 152 Rural development in Indonesia . . . . . 451,452, 455 - brown spiny ...... 177 Rutaceae ...... 326, 328, 441, 446 - dark-tailed tree ...... 177 Sabah .. 34,77,97, 117, 132, 163,217,226,229, - long-tailed giant ...... 177 253, 255, 264, 268, 341, 345, 357, 358, 420, 421 - Malaysian field ...... 177 Sabal Forest Reserve, Sarawak ...... 489, 493 - Muller's ...... 177 Sabiaceae ...... 141,142 - Polynesian ...... 177 Sago Palm Swamp Forest ...... 425 - red spiny ...... 177, 178 Sagulubek Formation, Indonesia...... 427 - white-tailed ...... 224-226 Salticidae/salticid spiders ...... 91, 92 - Whitehead's ...... 177 Samarinda, Indonesia ...... 454 Rat kangaroo, musky ...... 224, 225 Sambar deer ...... 343 Rattans ...... 428, 430, 439, 440, 523 San Carlos de Rio Negro, Brazil ...... 489 - inventories ...... 523-533 Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica ...... 39 Recreation argument for conservation ...... 471 Sap beetles, as pollinators ...... 478 Recruitment (of seedlings) ...... 354 Sapindaceae ...... 142,293,327,328,483 Red duiker ...... 539 .... 142, 143,225,229,327,328,483 Red-yellow podzols ...... 341 Saprophytes, ground herbs ...... 47 Red/far-red ratio ...... 216, 226 Sarawak ...... 10, 13,37, 109, 132, 143, 163, Reduviidae ., ...... 93 268,297,298,317,341,387,392,411,412, Reforestation ...... 452, 455 420,421,422,489,492 564 GENERAL INDEX

Sauria ...... 318 - conflicts ...... 513 Sayap-Kinabalu Park, Sarawak ...... 121 - development ...... 492 Scandentia ...... 177 Soils - bulk density ...... 250, 259 Sciapodinae ..... : ...... 183, 185, 187 - chemical characteristics ...... 259 Sciaridae ...... 90, 93 - cohesion values ...... 399 Scincidae ...... 318 - degradation in Thailand ...... 521 Scirtidae ...... 93 - hydrology ...... 259, 262, 401 Sciuridae/Sciurids ...... 177, 178, 181 - infiltration capacities ...... 269, 403 Scolytid beetles ...... 187 - moisture conditions ...... 259, 403 Scorpiones ...... 5 - nitrate concentrations ...... 256 Scrophulariaceae ...... 325 - nitrification rates ...... 241 Seasonal patterns - of climate ...... 387, 407 - nutrients ...... 259,261, 268 - of sediment loss ...... 265 - organic matter ...... 259, 269 - of species occurrence ...... 197 - phosphorus ...... 259 Seasonal soil suction ...... 402 - potassium ...... 259 Second-order jackknife method ...... 206, 207 - profiles at Belalong ..... 260,401, 403-407 Sediment - loading to streams ...... 269 - seed bank ...... 215, 216, 226 - loss ...... 259-268 - shear strength ...... 404, 406 - monitoring ...... 271 - surface hydrology ...... 260 - yields ...... 259, 265, 268 - tension ...... 395, 397, 399, 401, 407 Seeds - dry mass values ...... 222 Solanaceae ...... 483 - mass ...... 215 Solar radiation at Belalong . 241, 243, 251, 253, 256 - predation ...... 283, 284 Solomon Islands ...... 151 - production in figs ...... 284, 287 Somalia ...... 541 - set in figs ...... 283 Sonagrams ...... 77-84 - size ...... 215, 220 Sonneratiaceae ...... 328 - soil bank ...... 215, 222 Soricidae ...... 177 Seedlings - establishment ...... 217, 223, 355 South Africa ...... 294 - physiology ...... 367-375 Space guilds in amphibians & reptiles ...... 320 - survival ...... 280 Space utilisation by fish ...... 307 Segama River, Sabah ...... 358 Spartaeinae ...... 88, 90-92 Selaginellaceae ...... 47 Spatial information systems (GIS) ...... 490, 496 Selangor, Malaysia ...... 348 Speciation...... 151, 189, 291, 295 Selective logging ...... 452, 455 - in stalk-eyed flies ...... 170 Semabat Agricultural Station, Brunei ..... 242, 389 Species - abundance curves ...... 49 Semongok, Sarawak ...... 269 - area curves/relationships ...... 195, 197-199 Seram, Indonesia ...... 1, 2, 6, 9, 14, 22 - associations in ants ...... 334, 335 Serow ...... 156 - conservation ...... 419 Serpentes ...... 318 - diversity ...... 1-20, 67, 412, 482, 484 Setap shales ...... 44, 50, 139, 243 - of ants ...... 9-12,117-123,357 Settlement patterns in Sri Lanka ...... 507 - of birds 101, 102, 105-107, 116, 151-152 Sexual dimorphism in stalk-eyed flies ...... 170 - of butterflies ...... 125-138, 291, 295 Shade - influence on growth ...... 277 - of empidoid flies...... 183-192 - tolerance ...... 215,216,221,227 - of fish ...... 307, 312, 377-386 Shade-loving species ...... 50 - of herbs ...... 43-57 Shade-tolerant plants .. 216-218, 220-222, 226, 229 - of herpetofauna ...... 315-323 Shallow failure of slopes .. 398, 403, 404, 406, 407 - of macrolepidoptera in Britain ... 30, 35 Shannon's diversity index ...... 395, 360 - of microlepidoptera ...... 29-42 Shannon-Wiener diversity index. . .. 308, 482, 484 - of small mammals ...... 175-182,345 Shapiro-Wilk test for normality ...... 247 - of termites ...... 12-14 Shear strength of soil ...... 404 - of trees ...... 139-150 Shifting cultivation ...... 341,453,454 - extinctions ...... 539 Shifting-mosaic dynamics, forest structure .... 489 - radiation ...... 183, 294 Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya ...... 542 - in Sympycnus ...... 188 Shrew - Savi's pygmy ...... 177 - richness...... 9,27,29,61, 117, 125, 127, - South-east Asian white-toothed ...... 177 132, 143, 151, 176, 193, 196, 198, 206, 207, Siberut Island, Indonesia ...... 425-433 215,230,295,357, 359, 377, 381, 382, 384, Sienna Madre, Mexico...... 463 385,477,482,485,489 Siluridae ...... 380 - similarity indices ...... 412,413 Silvicultural practices ...... 411, 414 - turnover ...... 125, 127, 193, 195 Silvicultural requirements of dipterocarps .. 277-281 Spiders ...... 90, 91, 95, 208 Simaroubaceae ...... 328 Splash erosion ...... 397 Similarity indices ...... 32,412,413 Spodosolic soils ...... 484 Simpson's index of diversity ...... 106, 482, 484 ...... 92 Singapore ...... 97,221,227,229 Springtails ...... 88, 89, 90 Singhalese culture ...... 506 Squirrels ...... 154,225,341,343,427 Sinharaja Forest Reserve, Sri Lanka ..... 506, 507 - flying ...... 155 Sipuncula ...... 5 - giant ...... 177,344 Sisorodae ...... 380 - horse-tailed ...... 177 Slope characteristics ...... 387-409 - Low's ...... 156, 177 Snakes ...... 155,317 - plain pygmy ...... 177 - Oriental whip ...... 155 - plantain...... 177,335,344 - pit viper ...... 320 - Prevost's ...... 177 - striped racer ...... 155 - tufted ground ...... 177 Social bees ...... 59-66 Sri Lanka ...... 503-512 Social forestry programmes ...... 452 Stability analyses ...... 399, 403, 406 Socio-economics - benefits of Indonesian forest . 456 Stage hydrograph ...... 394, 395 GENERAL INDEX 565

Stalk-eyed flies ...... 169-174 Thysanura ...... 5 Staphyleaceae ...... 326 Tiliaceae ...... 142, 328 Staphylinidae/Staphylinid beetles .8, 12,91,93, 195 Timah-Tasoh Dam, Malaysia ...... 156 Stemflow ...... 394 Timber - concessions on Siberut ...... 431 Stenophagy ...... 322 - extraction ...... 341, 432, 469 Sterculiaceae ...... 142, 328 - harvesting in peat swamp forest . . . .. 411-415 Stoats ...... 152 - production in Indonesia ...... 454 Stomach contents of fish ...... 310, 312 - values ...... 467 Stomatal conductance ...... 367, 369, 371-374 Time guilds in amphibians and reptiles ...... 320 Stomatal density ...... 367-370, 373 Time utilisation in fish ...... 310 Stratification - of birds ...... 102 Tineidae ...... 9 - of butterlies ...... 133 Tipulidae/Tipulid larvae ...... , 93, 94 Stratiomyidae/Stratiomyid beetles...... 90, 93 Tokelau Islands ...... 152 Streaked-breasted woodpecker ...... 156 Torrent loaches ...... 383 Streams - gradients ...... 377, 382 Tortoises ...... 155, 156,319 - orders ...... 377-379,381,383-385 Tortri cidae ...... 9 - water quality ...... 382 Tourism ...... 419,425,433 Stumpage value ...... 454 Traditional medicines ...... 421 Subsistence practices ...... 460, 461 Traditional rights ...... 422 Succession, in peat swamp forest ...... 412 Transfrontier reserve ...... 153, 156 Sukadana, West Kalimantan ...... 412, 413 Transmara Forest Reserve, Kenya ...... 542 Sulawesi ...... 1,2,8,9,14,22,38,40,91,421 Transmigration ...... 414,425,433 Sulphuric acid and resin production ..... 235-240 Tree ferns ...... 217 Sumatra ...... 64,71-75,102,411,425,433,455 Treeshrews ...... 154, 177,344 Sun bear ...... 342, 343 - common ...... 343 Sundaland/Sunda Shelf...... 75,425 - large ...... 177 Sungai Buloh Forest Reserve, Malaysia ...... 277 - lesser ...... 177, 343 Sungai Gombak, Malaysia ...... 269 - mountain ...... 177 Sungai Liang, Brunei Darussalam ...... 163 - painted ...... 177 Sungai Tenom, Malaysia ...... 269 - slender ...... 177, 343 Sustainable forest management ..... 411,412, 415, - striped ...... 177, 343 451,454, 456, 463, 477, 492 Trengganu, Malaysia ...... 347 Swamp forests ...... 183, 186, 190,221,509 Trichoptera ...... 310 Sweet potato ...... 271, 275 Trionychidae/Trionychids ...... 155, 318 Swidden rice ...... 516 Trophic interactions in bamboo internodes ... 85-99 Syconium ...... 283 Trophic resource use ...... 321 Symbiosis, between lycaenids and ants .... 292, 295 Tropical Areas Bioindicators System ...... 15 Sympatry ...... 71,75,307 Tropical Rainforest Cooperative Research Centre . 27 - in murids ...... 178 Tropical thorn forests ...... 505 Symplocaceae ...... 326, 327 Tropudults ...... 428 Sympycninae ...... 184, 185 Tukano people, northwest Amazon ...... 460 Syrphidae/Syrphids ...... 93, 94 Tupaiidae/Tupaiids ...... 175, 177, 178, 181 Syzygium-Gordonia-Miche/ia-ElLIeocarpus series. 505 Turtles ...... 319 Taboos ...... 422 - Asian leaf ...... 155 Tachinid flies ...... 293 - giant pond ...... 156 Tachydromiinae ...... 185, 186 - Malayan flat-shelled ...... 155, 156 Taita Hills, Kenya ...... 542 - Malayan soft-shelled ...... 155 Tanypodinae ...... 89 - spiny ...... 156 Tanzania ...... 107 Tutong, Brunei Darussalam ...... 435 Tapping, for resin ...... 235-240 Ukong, Brunei Darussalam ...... 390, 391 Tardigrada ...... 5 Ulmaceae ...... 142,328 Taxaceae ...... 325, 329, 330 Ulu Gombak Field Centre, Malaysia ... 86, 88, 292 Teak ...... 467,516 U1u Segama, Sabah ...... 269,345 Tectonic uplift ...... 387, 392, 407 Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei ...... 420 Tekam, Peninsular Malaysia ...... 345 UmbelliferaelUmbellifers .. 193, 199,200,201,204 Temburong Formation ...... 391 - local richness estimates ...... 201 Temperate deciduous forest .... 217,220,221,227 Understorey seedlings ...... 374 Temperature, difference with altitude ...... 241 Understorey species ...... 219 Tenebrionidae/Tenebrionoidea ...... 8, 90, 93 Ungulates...... 153-155,342,344 Tensiometers ...... 395, 396, 402 - trapping ...... 536 /Tephritid flies ...... 90, 92, 93, United Nations Conference on Environment and 169, 170, 171, 173 Development ...... 15,417 Termites .... 1, 6, 11, 12, 94, 250, 297-305, 357 United States...... 64, 199, 272 Termitidae/Termitinae ...... 297, 298, 300-302 Universal Soil Loss Equation ...... 271,272 Territoriality, of stalk-eyed flies ...... 169 Urticaceae ...... 327, 328 Testudines/Testudinidae ...... 318,319 Usambara mountains, Tanzania ...... 542 Tettigoniidae ...... 79, 80, 83 Valenya, Brazil ...... 479 Thai-Norwegian Highland Development Project. 516 Valley profiles ...... 405 Thailand ...... 153,156,321,419,421,513 Values of forests ...... 467 Thaleban National Park, Thailand ...... 153, 156 Vanuatu ...... 30 Theaceae ...... 325-327 Varanidae ...... 318 Theridiidae ...... 90-92 diversity ...... 538 Thinning treatments in silviculture ...... 347-355 Vegetation heterogeneity ...... 489 Throughfall ...... 259,262-264,267,363,394 Veliidae ...... 93 Throughflow ...... 397 Venezuela ...... 277 Thymelaeaceae ...... 141, 142, 328 Verbenaceae ...... 142,226 Thysanoptera ...... 9, 24 Vernacular synonyms ...... 435 566 GENERAL INDEX

VertebrataNertebrates ...... 5,69,315 - sounds/vocalisation...... 71-73, 77, 80, 83 Vertical stratification of birds ...... 103 Viperidae ...... 318 Viruses ...... 1,470 Vision of stalk-eyed flies ...... 169 Visual recognition in empidoids ...... 191 Viverrids ...... 177 Vocalisation - in birds ...... 108 - in PreslJytis ...... 71-73 Vo1can Barva, Costa Rica ...... 255 Wallace's Line...... 151 Wallacea ...... 425 Warm temperate rainforest ...... 217, 220 Wasps - life cycles ...... 283 - as parasites ...... 459 - as pollinators ...... 283 - predation in figs ...... 283, 287 - reproductive success ...... 283 Water beetles ...... 95 Water measurers ...... 95 Water mites ...... 87 Water quality ...... 384 Water stress in trees ...... 372, 374 Water striders ...... 88, 97 Watershed protection ...... 419 Wau, Papua New Guinea ...... 284 Weasel, Malay...... 343 Weather stations at Bela10ng ...... 241, 242 Weathering of soils ...... 393 Weathering rates ...... 404, 407 Weaver ants ...... 293 Web-building spiders ...... 95 Weevils, as pollinators...... 478 West African savannas...... 304 West Indies...... 13 West Kalimantan ...... 411,412,414 West Malaysia ...... 85, 86, 221, 229, 292, 393 , India ...... 303, 320 White-eyes ...... 152 Wildlife - management...... 422 - survival after logging ...... 345 Winkler's sampling method...... 359, 362, 363 Winteraceae ...... 325,329,330 Wood-boring beetles ...... 90 Wood-lice ...... 90 Woodchips, value of ...... 467 Woodpecker ...... 94 World Commission on Environment & Development ...... 421, 469 World Conservation Monitoring Centre ...... 537 World Geodetic System ...... 496 World Heritage Sites...... 21, 507 Xiaoliang barren coastal ecosystem ...... 489 Yellow-backed Duiker ...... 543 Zaire...... 13,411 Zingiberaceae ..... 43, 47, 48, 50, 155,219,429 Zones of establishment of plant families ...... 330 Zoning, in National Parks ...... 419