DOCSLIB.ORG

Your Vet Autumn 8106.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Your Vet Autumn 8106.Indd AUTUMN 2011 Cruciate disease: The great curse Cruciate ligaments are one of the most Diagnosis is based on physical examination, important structures within the knee of palpation of affected joints, bones and local humans, dogs and cats. Disease of the muscles, and the performance of a ‘cranial cruciate ligaments is one of the most drawer sign’ or ‘cranial tibial thrust’ test. common causes of hind limb lameness that Suites 17-19 vets treat. Signifi cant weakening of the thigh muscles Ocean Village Shopping Centre of the affected leg(s) is a common fi nding. Kilpa Court While the condition is very common in An audible ‘clicking’ may be heard when City Beach WA 6015 dogs, it can also occur in cats, sometimes the patient walks or the stifl e is palpated secondary to trauma, and sometimes through range of motion, indicating Phone 08 9245 1977 secondary to obesity, old age and concurrent possible internal tearing. Palpation of the arthritis of the joints. In dogs there are some joint compartment may show increased Fax 08 9245 2136 vets who also believe in a genetic breed- and joint fl uid or joint capsule thickening. Email offi [email protected] sex related link. This problem is so important Web www.citybeachvet.com.au in dog health that a 2005 study in the USA Blood tests are usually normal, unless the estimated that dog owners spent US$1.32 patient has concurrent hormonal diseases, Our Vets billion treating this disease! many of which will predispose to obesity. Dr Neville Robertson The function of healthy cruciate ligaments X-rays are usually performed, and BVSc(Syd), MVS(Murd) in the knee is to stabilise the forces of the sometimes a joint fl uid sample will also Dr Alan Wade knee that might otherwise push the shinbone be needed. However, sometimes an BSc, BVMS(Murd) forwards in relation to the thighbone, and exploratory surgery via an open technique, Dr Sarah Alexander to minimise internal ‘twisting’. Along with or using an ‘arthroscope’, is the only way to BSc, BVMS(Murd) other structures of the knee, these stabilising confi rm then treat the problem. Our Nurses ligaments keep the angular canine or feline knee working in a stable fashion without pain. We have a group of talented, versatile and fully trained nurses. Our nurses Rupture of the cruciate ligament occurs love animals and are passionate about when its breaking strength is exceeded, animal care. They run the puppy classes, and there are predisposing conditions that weight clinics and help us keep your pet can decrease the breaking strength. While health and happy during their stay with a young healthy dog can tear a cruciate us. Our nurses can help you with all of during excessive twisting activity (in the ‘70s your pet’s needs. a common cause was Frisbee-catching dogs that landed awkwardly), it is increasingly Our Hours common to see this injury in other dogs that have actually become predisposed to it Monday to Friday 7.30am to 7pm secondary to other factors. Saturday 8.30am to 4 pm Sunday Closed Degenerative changes due to age and The best treatment in dogs over 15kg (and in Consultations are by appointment. disuse are thought to be implicated in many under 15kg) is surgery. The ligament We are closed on Public Holidays. many of the clinical cases. These age- cannot be ‘repaired’, but the joint can be related changes can also make dogs stabilised improving function and reducing After Hours susceptible to both knees being affected. pain. There are many procedures available, A sedentary lifestyle plus possible obesity most of which veterinarians perform in their For urgent attention after hours including in middle age is also implicated. Public Holidays please call Perth Vet own hospitals. Some procedures involve entering the joint itself, and some do not. Emergency (PVE) on 9204 0400. This Acute injury may show as sudden non-weight is a dedicated local emergency centre Specialist veterinary surgeons are offering bearing lameness of a back leg (occasionally an increasing number of options, which and they are located at 305 Selby Street with a small amount of weight taken). North, Osborne Park. Alternatively call may be of great use in very large breed Murdoch Pet Emergency Centre (MPEC) Some partial tears are hard to diagnose dogs, or in refractory cases. on 1300 652 494. early, and the initial lameness may settle with rest and medication, only to fl are Our Webpage again when arthritis sets in. These patients READERS! City Beach Veterinarians has a new may show some gradual improvement in Enter our competition and WIN! web page! Visit the site for information pain, due to thickening of the capsule, and about your pets health, us and many changes within it bringing a little stability, Details inside other interesting items. Let us know then some months later pain will worsen as what you think. Our web address is degenerative arthritis sets in. • Claw Wars www.citybeachvet.com.au Patients with both knees affected may have • Pregnancy diagnosis in dogs and cats a shifting lameness, trouble rising or stiff appearance. Occasionally it will initially be • Sea hare toxicity thought that they have a spinal problem. inside 9. I am a breed of guinea pig with a ‘bad hair day’. My coat has whorls Who am I ? of hair. Claw Wars! 1. I am a small parrot, native to 10. I am a large, docile breed of Australia. Males and females are horse. I was traditionally used as a Clawing in cats is a natural, colour coded – the male having a blue draft horse to pull heavy loads but am instinctual behaviour that helps pigmentation across his beak, the female often now seen representing a brewery remove old claw sheaths and acts brown. I come in many fancy varieties in competitions and displays. as a marking behaviour. As many making me a popular showing bird. frustrated cat owners will testify, these natural behaviours are all 2. I am descended from Scottish well and good until they involve herding dogs. I starred in a television systematic destruction of your series and several movies in which I furniture! showed an uncanny understanding of the English language! There are several options that owners can adopt. Firstly, provide 3. I am a small rodent and a popular a highly desirable alternative to the children’s pet. I am an unusual breed sofa in the form of a scratching post. as I do not have a tail. Scratching posts can be anything 4. I am a breed of dog with from a wooden log to carpeted characteristic wrinkles and folds of constructions. They can be made loose skin. It is thought I may have Answers: more appealing by using dangling originated from Tibet or the Northern toys and catnip – and praising and 1. Budgerigar; 2. Rough Collie; provinces of China 2 000 years ago. stroking the cat when they use the 3. Manx mouse; 4. Shar-Pei; post. Cats often scratch on waking 5. Persian; 6. Schnauzer; so the scratching post should be 7. Turkish Van; 8. Dachshund; placed close to the sleeping area. 9. Abyssinian; 10. Clydesdale. If owners can catch their cat in the act of destroying the furniture, then they should employ some deterrent. Competition for Shouting, hand claps and water spray bottles can all be effective in our readers! stopping the behaviour. Double- sided sticky tape or contact (applied 5. I am a breed of cat characterised Be in the running to with the sticky side outwards) can be by long fur and a shortened nose WIN a $50 shopping placed onto the furniture to decrease giving my face a slightly squashed-in voucher its appeal. appearance. 1) Just answer the following question: 6. I am a German breed of dog that Which article did you like best in this comes in three different sizes – giant, issue of Your Vet? standard and miniature. I can come ...................................................... in a variety of colours but the most ...................................................... popular coat colour is a mix of black 2) Tick the box next to your preferred and grey called salt and pepper. I voucher below: usually have a beard and eyebrows. Coles Myer Ltd 7. I am a breed of cat that is said to Target Australia Ltd originate from the Lake Van region in K Mart Australia Ltd Turkey. I am a lively, active cat that Angus & Robertson Book Stores can have some ‘unfeline’ attributes JB Hi Fi such as an attraction to water and, in 3) Post with your name and address some, the ability to retrieve like a dog. on the back of the envelope to: I have a very soft coat that is mainly There are products available that can white apart from coloured points on Your Vet Voucher Competition be glued to the cat’s claws and act as my head and tail. Unit 5/1 Almondbury Road a small protective sheath over each Mt Lawley WA 6050 claw. These can be quite effective but 8. I am a short legged, German breed Must be received by latest post marked do rely on a compliant cat, as they of dog. I was originally bred to flush 1 April 2011 to be in the running. have to be replaced regularly. animals such as badgers and rabbits The winner of the competition in Your Vet’s from their burrows. My coat can be Summer edition was L. Allerdyce. If the above fails, then consider re- smooth haired, long haired or wire upholstering the sofa – but use a haired. I have a long body that can THAT’S IT! smooth, tightly woven fabric, as this predispose me to back problems.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • First Observation and Range Extension of the Nudibranch Tenellia Catachroma (Burn, 1963) in Western Australia (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
    CSIRO Publishing The Royal Society of Victoria, 129, 37–40, 2017 www.publish.csiro.au/journals/rs 10.1071/RS17003 A VICTORIAN EMIGRANT: FIRST OBSERVATION AND RANGE EXTENSION OF THE NUDIBRANCH TENELLIA CATACHROMA (BURN, 1963) IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) Matt J. NiMbs National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia Correspondence: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The southwest coast of Western Australia is heavily influenced by the south-flowing Leeuwin Current. In summer, the current shifts and the north-flowing Capes Current delivers water from the south to nearshore environments and with it a supply of larvae from cooler waters. The nudibranch Tenellia catachroma (Burn, 1963) was considered restricted to Victorian waters; however, its discovery in eastern South Australia in 2013 revealed its capacity to expand its range west. In March 2017 a single individual was observed in shallow subtidal waters at Cape Peron, Western Australia, some 2000 km to the west of its previous range limit. Moreover, its distribution has extended northwards, possibly aided by the Capes Current, into a location of warming. This observation significantly increases the range for this Victorian emigrant to encompass most of the southern Australian coast, and also represents an equatorward shift at a time when the reverse is expected. Keywords: climate change, Cape Peron, range extension, Leeuwin Current, Capes Current The fionid nudibranch Tenellia catachroma (Burn, 1963) first found in southern NSW in 1979 (Rudman 1998), has was first described from two specimens found at Point been observed only a handful of times since and was also Danger, near Torquay, Victoria, in 1961 (Burn 1963).
    [Show full text]
  • MURDOCH RESEARCH REPOSITORY Http
    MURDOCH RESEARCH REPOSITORY http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au This is the author's final version of the work, as accepted for publication following peer review but without the publisher's layout or pagination. Peacock, R.E. , Hosgood, G. , Swindells, K.L. and Smart, L. (2013) Aplysia giganteatoxicosis in 72 dogs in Western Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal, 91 (7). pp. 292-295. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/16174 Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Australian Veterinary Journal It is posted here for your personal use. No further distribution is permitted. Aplysia gigantea toxicosis in 72 dogs RE Peacock*, G Hosgood, KL Swindells and L Smart * Corresponding author School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150; [email protected] Objectives This study aims to: 1) confirm a temporal association between exposure to the sea hare Aplysia gigantea and the development of a neurotoxicosis in dogs, 2) further characterise the clinical signs in dogs with this suspected toxicosis, and 3) report the treatment and outcome of dogs with this suspected toxicosis. Method The medical records from four veterinary practices within the Geraldton region of Australia were searched for dogs that had been exposed to Aplysia gigantea and were subsequently presented to a veterinarian during the period of January 2001 to March 2011. Signalment, exposure history, clinical signs, treatment and outcome were recorded. Results Seventy-two dogs met the inclusion criteria. Clinical signs included ptyalism, emesis, ataxia, hyperaesthesia, tremors, muscle fasciculations, seizures, nystagmus and respiratory distress. Thirty dogs did not have abnormal clinical signs at presentation. Sixty-nine dogs presented during January to April.
    [Show full text]
  • Chec List Marine and Coastal Biodiversity of Oaxaca, Mexico
    Check List 9(2): 329–390, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution ǡ PECIES * S ǤǦ ǡÀ ÀǦǡ Ǧ ǡ OF ×±×Ǧ±ǡ ÀǦǡ Ǧ ǡ ISTS María Torres-Huerta, Alberto Montoya-Márquez and Norma A. Barrientos-Luján L ǡ ǡǡǡǤͶ͹ǡ͹ͲͻͲʹǡǡ ǡ ȗ ǤǦǣ[email protected] ćĘęėĆĈęǣ ϐ Ǣ ǡǡ ϐǤǡ ǤǣͳȌ ǢʹȌ Ǥͳͻͺ ǯϐ ʹǡͳͷ͹ ǡͳͷ ȋǡȌǤǡϐ ǡ Ǥǡϐ Ǣ ǡʹͶʹȋͳͳǤʹΨȌ ǡ groups (annelids, crustaceans and mollusks) represent about 44.0% (949 species) of all species recorded, while the ͹͸ʹ ȋ͵ͷǤ͵ΨȌǤǡ not yet been recorded on the Oaxaca coast, including some platyhelminthes, rotifers, nematodes, oligochaetes, sipunculids, echiurans, tardigrades, pycnogonids, some crustaceans, brachiopods, chaetognaths, ascidians and cephalochordates. The ϐϐǢ Ǥ ēęėĔĉĚĈęĎĔē Madrigal and Andreu-Sánchez 2010; Jarquín-González The state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico (Figure 1) is and García-Madrigal 2010), mollusks (Rodríguez-Palacios known to harbor the highest continental faunistic and et al. 1988; Holguín-Quiñones and González-Pedraza ϐ ȋ Ǧ± et al. 1989; de León-Herrera 2000; Ramírez-González and ʹͲͲͶȌǤ Ǧ Barrientos-Luján 2007; Zamorano et al. 2008, 2010; Ríos- ǡ Jara et al. 2009; Reyes-Gómez et al. 2010), echinoderms (Benítez-Villalobos 2001; Zamorano et al. 2006; Benítez- ϐ Villalobos et alǤʹͲͲͺȌǡϐȋͳͻ͹ͻǢǦ Ǥ ǡ 1982; Tapia-García et alǤ ͳͻͻͷǢ ͳͻͻͺǢ Ǧ ϐ (cf. García-Mendoza et al. 2004). ǡ ǡ studies among taxonomic groups are not homogeneous: longer than others. Some of the main taxonomic groups ȋ ÀʹͲͲʹǢǦʹͲͲ͵ǢǦet al.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical Summary of the Distribution and Diet of Australian Sea Hares (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Aplysiidae) Matt J
    Zoological Studies 56: 35 (2017) doi:10.6620/ZS.2017.56-35 Open Access A Historical Summary of the Distribution and Diet of Australian Sea Hares (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Aplysiidae) Matt J. Nimbs1,2,*, Richard C. Willan3, and Stephen D. A. Smith1,2 1National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia 2Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2456, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] 3Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, G.P.O. Box 4646, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] (Received 12 September 2017; Accepted 9 November 2017; Published 15 December 2017; Communicated by Yoko Nozawa) Matt J. Nimbs, Richard C. Willan, and Stephen D. A. Smith (2017) Recent studies have highlighted the great diversity of sea hares (Aplysiidae) in central New South Wales, but their distribution elsewhere in Australian waters has not previously been analysed. Despite the fact that they are often very abundant and occur in readily accessible coastal habitats, much of the published literature on Australian sea hares concentrates on their taxonomy. As a result, there is a paucity of information about their biology and ecology. This study, therefore, had the objective of compiling the available information on distribution and diet of aplysiids in continental Australia and its offshore island territories to identify important knowledge gaps and provide focus for future research efforts. Aplysiid diversity is highest in the subtropics on both sides of the Australian continent. Whilst animals in the genus Aplysia have the broadest diets, drawing from the three major algal groups, other aplysiids can be highly specialised, with a diet that is restricted to only one or a few species.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Profiling of Cellular Identity and Plasticity in the Nervous System of Aplysia Californica
    MOLECULAR PROFILING OF CELLULAR IDENTITY AND PLASTICITY IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF APLYSIA CALIFORNICA By CALEB JAMES BOSTWICK A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2019 © 2019 Caleb James Bostwick To my family ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I’d like to acknowledge the people who helped me to bring this dissertation to fruition. My advisor Dr. Leonid Moroz helped me come up with ideas and questions and encouraged me to generate more data and perform more extensive analyses than I would have previously thought possible. Dr. Andrea Kohn helped keep the lab organized and running. Yelena Bobkova provided animal care, dissection, and molecular biology expertise as well as friendship and support. Tanya Moroz assisted in cDNA library construction and the ganglia plasticity experiments in addition to brightening the general lab atmosphere. Dr. Peter Williams aided me in finding ways to better explain and document my computational biology techniques. Dr. Shaun Mukherjee was a friend who made lab meetings more bearable. Dr. Gabrielle Winters assisted me by providing assistance with molecular biology in the lab, asking insightful questions, proofreading my dissertation, and by being a generous and supportive partner during our many years of graduate study. Dr. Emily Dabe was a colleague and friend with whom I discussed bioinformatics methods and techniques and shared laughs. I thank my university and my graduate committee (Dr. Thomas Foster, Dr. David Borchelt, and Dr. Richard Yost), as well as Dr. Jada Lewis for her support and encouragement.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Monitoring Protocol for PORE/GOGA
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Long-term Monitoring Protocol for Rocky Intertidal Communities of Golden Gate National Recreation Area and Point Reyes National Seashore, California Version 1.0 Natural Resource Report NPS/SFAN/NRR—2011/348 ON THE COVER Dave Press counting invertebrates at Slide Ranch, Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Photograph by: Marcus Koenen Long-term Monitoring Protocol for Rocky Intertidal Communities of Golden Gate National Recreation Area and Point Reyes National Seashore, California Version 1.0 Natural Resource Report NPS/SFAN/NRR—2011/348 Karah Ammann1 Peter Raimondi1 Ben Becker2 Dale Roberts3 Darren Fong4 Dave Press5 Marcus Koenen5 1Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology 4Golden Gate National Recreation Area Center for Ocean Health/Long Marine Lab National Park Service University of California Building 1061, Fort Cronkhite Santa Cruz, CA, 95060 Sausalito, California 94903 2Pacific Coast Science and Learning Center 5Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore San Francisco Bay Area I&M Network One Bear Valley Road Building 1063, Fort Cronkhite Point Reyes Station, California 94956 Sausalito, California 94903 3Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service Point Reyes National Seashore One Bear Valley Road Point Reyes Station, California 94956 April 2011 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public.
    [Show full text]
  • East Coast Marine Shells; Descriptions of Shore Mollusks Together With
    fi*": \ EAST COAST MARINE SHELLS / A • •:? e p "I have seen A curious child, who dwelt upon a tract Of Inland ground, applying to his ear The .convolutions of a smooth-lipp'd shell; To yi'hJ|3h in silence hush'd, his very soul ListehM' .Intensely and his countenance soon Brightened' with joy: for murmerings from within Were heai>^, — sonorous cadences, whereby. To his b^ief, the monitor express 'd Myster.4?>us union with its native sea." Wordsworth 11 S 6^^ r EAST COAST MARINE SHELLS Descriptions of shore mollusks together with many living below tide mark, from Maine to Texas inclusive, especially Florida With more than one thousand drawings and photographs By MAXWELL SMITH EDWARDS BROTHERS, INC. ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN J 1937 Copyright 1937 MAXWELL SMITH PUNTZO IN D,S.A. LUhoprinted by Edwards B'olheri. Inc.. LUhtiprinters and Publishert Ann Arbor, Michigan. iQfj INTRODUCTION lilTno has not felt the urge to explore the quiet lagoon, the sandy beach, the coral reef, the Isolated sandbar, the wide muddy tidal flat, or the rock-bound coast? How many rich harvests of specimens do these yield the collector from time to time? This volume is intended to answer at least some of these questions. From the viewpoint of the biologist, artist, engineer, or craftsman, shellfish present lessons in development, construction, symme- try, harmony and color which are almost unique. To the novice an acquaint- ance with these creatures will reveal an entirely new world which, in addi- tion to affording real pleasure, will supply much of practical value. Life is indeed limitless and among the lesser animals this is particularly true.
    [Show full text]
  • South Coast Terrestrial and Marine Reserve Integration Study
    MARINE RESERVE IMPLEMENTATION SOUTH COAST SOUTH COAST TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE RESERVE INTEGRATION STUDY PROJECT #713 NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM COOPERATIVE PROGRAM Final Report: MRIP/SC-10/1997 A collaborative project between CALM Marine Conservation Branch and South Coast Region A project funded by Environment Australia Prepared by J G Colman Marine Conservation Branch March 1998 Marine Conservation Branch Department of Conservation and Land Management 47 Henry Street South Coast Terrestrial and Marine Reserve Integration Study Fremantle, Western Australia, 6160 ii South Coast Terrestrial and Marine Reserve Integration Study Research and the collation of information presented in this report was undertaken with funding provided by Environment Australia. The project was undertaken for the National Reserves System Cooperative Program (Project #713). The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not reflect those of the Commonwealth Government, the Minister for the Environment, or the Secretary, Environment Australia This report may be cited as South Coast Terrestrial and Marine Reserve Integration Study. Copies of the report may be borrowed from the library: Environment Australia Biodiversity Group GPO Box 636 CANBERRA ACT 2601 AUSTRALIA or The Librarian Science and Information Division Department of Conservation and Land Management PO Box 51 WANNEROO WA 6065 AUSTRALIA Cover - Bremer Bay and the Fitzgerald River National Park - Landsat TM imagery digitally enhanced by Satellite Remote Sensing Services, Department of Land Administration (DOLA), Western Australia. Satellite data provided from the Australian Coastal Atlas by ACRES. iii South Coast Terrestrial and Marine Reserve Integration Study EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Currently, there are no marine conservation reserves along the south coast of Western Australia, although most of the coastal terrestrial reserves contain marine areas between high and low water marks.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal and Algal Diet-Driven Patterns of the Digestive Microbiota
    Gobet et al. Microbiome (2018) 6:60 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0430-7 RESEARCH Open Access Seasonal and algal diet-driven patterns of the digestive microbiota of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a generalist marine herbivore Angélique Gobet1* , Laëtitia Mest1, Morgan Perennou2, Simon M Dittami1, Claire Caralp3, Céline Coulombet4, Sylvain Huchette4, Sabine Roussel3, Gurvan Michel1* and Catherine Leblanc1* Abstract Background: Holobionts have a digestive microbiota with catabolic abilities allowing the degradation of complex dietary compounds for the host. In terrestrial herbivores, the digestive microbiota is known to degrade complex polysaccharides from land plants while in marine herbivores, the digestive microbiota is poorly characterized. Most of the latter are generalists and consume red, green, and brown macroalgae, three distinct lineages characterized by a specific composition in complex polysaccharides, which represent half of their biomass. Subsequently, each macroalga features a specific epiphytic microbiota, and the digestive microbiota of marine herbivores is expected to vary with a monospecific algal diet. We investigated the effect of four monospecific diets (Palmaria palmata, Ulva lactuca, Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata) on the composition and specificity of the digestive microbiota of a generalist marine herbivore, the abalone, farmed in a temperate coastal area over a year. The microbiota from the abalone digestive gland was sampled every 2 months and explored using metabarcoding. Results: Diversity and multivariate analyses showed that patterns of the microbiota were significantly linked to seasonal variations of contextual parameters but not directly to a specific algal diet. Three core genera: Psychrilyobacter, Mycoplasma,andVibrio constantly dominated the microbiota in the abalone digestive gland.
    [Show full text]
  • Download?Dac=C2010-0-27653- 598 7&Isbn=9781439840740&Doi=10.1201/B11113-10&Format=Pdf 599 Barber, P
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.15.448144; this version posted June 16, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Seascape genomics reveals population structure and local adaptation in a widespread coral 2 reef snail, Coralliophila violacea (Kiener, 1836) 3 4 Sara E. Simmonds1*, Samantha H. Cheng1,2, Allison L. Fritts-Penniman1, Gusti Ngurah 5 Mahardika3, Paul H. Barber1 6 7 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 612 8 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; 9 2Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central 10 Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA; 11 3Animal Biomedical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 12 Udayana University Bali, Jl. Raya Sesetan, Gg. Markisa 6, Denpasar, Bali 80223, Indonesia; 13 14 *Corresponding author’s current address: [email protected], Department of Biological 15 Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1515 16 17 18 ABSTRACT 19 Local adaptation to different environments may reinforce neutral evolutionary 20 divergence, especially in populations in the periphery of a species’ geographic range. 21 Seascape genomics (high-throughput genomics coupled with ocean climate databases) 22 facilitates the exploration of neutral and adaptive variation in concert, developing a 23 clearer picture of processes driving local adaptation in marine populations. This study 24 used a seascape genomics approach to test the relative roles of neutral and adaptive 25 processes shaping population divergence of a widespread coral reef snail, Coralliophila 26 violacea.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxins of Animals) [Biological-Origin Toxins]
    4: Zootoxins (toxins of animals) [Biological-origin toxins] Distinction should be made between poisonous animals – those with toxins in their skin or other organs and which are toxic on ingestion – and venomous animals – those with specialised structures for production and delivery of toxins (venoms) to prey species or adversaries. Halstead (1988) published a monumental review of poisonous and venomous marine animals. A world list of snake venoms and other animal toxins including bee venoms, sawfly toxins, amphibian and fish toxins has been compiled by Theakston & Kamiguti (2002). Animals acquire toxins by one of three methods (Mebs 2001): • expression of genes coding for the toxin structures • metabolic synthesis (production of secondary metabolites) • uptake, storage and sequestration of toxins produced by other organisms (microbes, plants, or other animals) References: Halstead BW (1988) Poisonous and Venomous Marine Animals of the World. 2nd revised edition. The Darwin Press Inc., Princeton, New Jersey. Mebs D (2001) Toxicity in animals. Trends in evolution? Toxicon 39:87-96. Theakston RDG , Kamiguti AS (2002) A list of animal toxins and some other natural products with biological activity. Toxicon 40:579-651. PROTOZOA (PROTISTA) - DINOFLAGELLATES See Marine Microalgal (Dinoflagellate & Diatom) Toxins ARTHROPODS - INSECTS Sawfly larval peptides Core data Common sources: Lophyrotoma interrupta (Australian cattle-poisoning sawfly larvae) Arge pullata (European birch sawfly larvae) Perreyia flavipes & P. lepida (South American sawfly larvae) Animals affected: cattle, sheep, pigs Mode of action: uncharacterised Poisoning circumstances: consumption of larvae (dead & alive) at base of trees or on pasture Main effects: acute liver necrosis Diagnosis: pathology + evidence of larval presence Therapy: nil Prevention: deny access Syndrome names: sawfly larval poisoning, sawfly poisoning Chemical structure: Lophyrotomin [L] is a linear octapeptide (Oelrichs et al.
    [Show full text]
  • アマクサアメフラシおよびゾウアメフラシのインクと皮膚抽出物の イセエビに対する摂食阻害作用 Chemical Defenses in the Skin and the Ink of Sea Hares Aplysia Juliana and Aplysia Gigantea
    日本ベントス学会誌 71: 11–16（ 2016） アメフラシ類の化学防御 Japanese Journal of Benthology アマクサアメフラシおよびゾウアメフラシのインクと皮膚抽出物の イセエビに対する摂食阻害作用 Chemical defenses in the skin and the ink of sea hares Aplysia juliana and Aplysia gigantea 林原信子・神尾道也 * 東京海洋大学．〒108–8477 東京都港区港南 4–5–7 Nobuko HAYASHIHARA and Michiya KAMIO* Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4–5–7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108–8477, Japan Abstract: Chemical defense using secretion of ink containing purple pigments derived from red algae is common in sea hares. Aplysia juliana, however, prefers green algae, and thus, its ink is white, not purple. Since opaline, the sea haresʼ other defensive secretion, is also white, ink and opaline were not distinguished from each other in previous experiments. Thus, de- terrence of this white ink alone towards predators has never been tested. In this study, we tested the deterrence of the white ink of A. juliana as well as the extract of their skin, using the Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus as a model predator. Parallel experiments on Aplysia gigantea, a sea hare with purple ink, were performed to test whether P. japonicus is deterred by purple ink. The skin extract, but not the white ink, of A. juliana was deterrent. In contrast, purple ink, but not the skin extract, of A. gigantea was deterrent. These results show that the skin of A. juliana contains defensive chemicals against P. japonicus, whereas the white ink itself does not. Key Words: chemical defense, chemical ecology, deterrent, white ink, aplysioviolin, phycoerythrobilin 害（Aggio & Derby 2008; Kamio et al. 2010a; Kicklighter & はじめに Derby 2006; Nusnbaum & Derby 2010b），摂食刺激効果を持 つアミノ酸類による疑似食物効果（phagomimic）（ Kick- アメフラシ類（Anaspidea, Aplysiidae）は浅海域に生息す lighter et al.
    [Show full text]