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A Field Study of the Ventilatory Response to Ambient Temperature and Pressure in Sport Diving
Br. J. Sports Med., Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 185-190, 1995 nE I N E M A N N Copyright (C 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved 0306-3674/95 $10.00 + 00 Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsm.29.3.185 on 1 September 1995. Downloaded from A field study of the ventilatory response to ambient temperature and pressure in sport diving F L L Muller Department of Oceanography, The University, Southampton, UK This study reports on the relationship between minute The 'environmental conditions' simulated in most ventilation (VE) and environmental variables of temperature laboratory studies may be of limited relevance to sport (T) and pressure (P) during open water diving. The author on the effects of conducted a total of 38 dives involving either a light (20 diving. Experiments focusing pressure dives) or a moderate (18 dives) level of physical activity. have usually been performed within a compression Within each of these groups, P and T taken together chamber, with the subject either lying down3 or sitting accounted for about two thirds of the variance in the VE on a chair or bicycle ergometer.47 Likewise, the effects data. A very significant increase in VE was observed as T of water temperature on respiratory variables have been decreased (1 < T(0C) < 22), and the magnitude of this investigated in relatively small tanks in which the increase at a given pressure level was similar in the 'light' subject was immersed up to the shoulders."'0 Changes and the 'moderate' data sets. -
History of Scuba Diving About 500 BC: (Informa on Originally From
History of Scuba Diving nature", that would have taken advantage of this technique to sink ships and even commit murders. Some drawings, however, showed different kinds of snorkels and an air tank (to be carried on the breast) that presumably should have no external connecons. Other drawings showed a complete immersion kit, with a plunger suit which included a sort of About 500 BC: (Informaon originally from mask with a box for air. The project was so Herodotus): During a naval campaign the detailed that it included a urine collector, too. Greek Scyllis was taken aboard ship as prisoner by the Persian King Xerxes I. When Scyllis learned that Xerxes was to aack a Greek flolla, he seized a knife and jumped overboard. The Persians could not find him in the water and presumed he had drowned. Scyllis surfaced at night and made his way among all the ships in Xerxes's fleet, cung each ship loose from its moorings; he used a hollow reed as snorkel to remain unobserved. Then he swam nine miles (15 kilometers) to rejoin the Greeks off Cape Artemisium. 15th century: Leonardo da Vinci made the first known menon of air tanks in Italy: he 1772: Sieur Freminet tried to build a scuba wrote in his Atlanc Codex (Biblioteca device out of a barrel, but died from lack of Ambrosiana, Milan) that systems were used oxygen aer 20 minutes, as he merely at that me to arficially breathe under recycled the exhaled air untreated. water, but he did not explain them in detail due to what he described as "bad human 1776: David Brushnell invented the Turtle, first submarine to aack another ship. -
The 94 Lusitania Expedition— Seductive Or Suicidal?
The 1994 Lusitania Expedition led by British Did you speak with Polly as well? FORUM: wrecker Polly Tapson (aquaCORPS Journal H: Later on. I decided then and there that this N9) was the source of considerable contro expedition needed to be really seen for what it was. That if it was left as the “leading example of techni versy at the 95 tek.CONFERENCE, following an cal diving,” there would be all hell to pay in the form evening show presentation by author and of future fatalities and injuries. I decided to seek out expedition member Gary Gentile. Though the The 94 Polly and other involved expedition divers. The dive team, consisting of eight Brits and four more I dug, the more clear it became to me that this Lusitania Americans, conducted 120 dives on the wreck expedition should never have taken place and, fur over a ten day period without incident, sever ther, should never have been publicized by Expedition— al tek participants, including Cai-Dive and aquaCORPS or given a platform at tek.95. The Oceaneering founder, Lad Handelman, publi whole thing made me kind of sick. Seductive or cally challenged the operation as being unsafe. Gentile: I think in one regard, Lad is seriously This Forum presents some of the discussion concerned, but the reason for his concern is his that has ensued. The participants— lack of understanding. He just doesn’t know that Suicidal? Handelman, Gentile, and Tapson—were inter this is the way things are done [in the technical div viewed separately by phone and the results ing field]. -
Quarterly Reporter - April 2011 South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology--University of South Carolina
University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Sport Diver Newsletters Maritime Research Division 4-2011 Quarterly Reporter - April 2011 South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology--University of South Carolina Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/mrd_sdnl Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation University of South Carolina, "Maritime Research Division, South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology - Quarterly Reporter, Volume 2/Issue 1, April 2011". http://scholarcommons.sc.edu/mrd_sdnl/5/ This Newsletter is brought to you by the Maritime Research Division at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sport Diver Newsletters by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. April 2011 Volume 2, Issue 1 Quarterly Reporter Things You Need “Helping to preserve and protect South Carolina’s maritime heritage through research, education, and public outreach.” to Know: • 2011 Quarter 1 NEW! E-Artifact Report Submission System Reports Due April 10, 2011 By SDAMP We are very excited to Hobby License number. when it starts out. If • NEW E-Form announce that the new Once logged in you will you encounter any Available Online and improved artifact need to change your trouble, please contact online submission form password to a secure us and let us know. • Allendale Project will be available April one of your choice. Additionally, there are Sign-Up 11, 2011, to accept Once you have some aspects of the submissions of your completed this, you will system that are still • Artifact Identification artifact reports! Yes, be able to submit your under construction, so Workshop June we will allow you 1 day reports. -
Spearfishing in Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
· Great • Reef Marine Park Authoiity LAw Bu • Issue Number 18 SPEARFISHING IN GREAT BARRIER REEF MARINE PARK Where am I allowed to spearfish? Seasonal Closure Areas You may spearfish in all gerieral use zones in the Seasonal Closure Areas are areas closed to all access Marine Park, and in all non-zoned sections of the during the breeding or nesting periods of birds or Marine Park. You should note that some Queensland other marine life. The closure of these areas is waters are closed to spearfishing - there are details advertised. of those areas in the Queensland Harbours ahd What equipment can I use? Marine Tide Tables. You may only spearfish using a snorkel and a hand Where am I NOT allowed to spearfish? spear or speargun. You may not use any other You may not spearfish in Marine National Park 'A', underwater breathing equipment (such as scuba or Marine National Park Buffer and Marine National hookah) and you may only use a powerhead for Park 'B' Zones, nor in Scientific Research or protection against a shark attack. Preservation Zones. You also may not spearfish in areas where periodic restrictions are in operation. Can I sell fish I spear? These areas may be Replenishment Areas, Reef Spearfishing for the purpose of sale or trade is not Appreciation Areas, Reef Research Areas or Seasonal allowed in the Marine Park, with one exception, in Closure Areas. the Far Northern Section of the Marine Park it is permitted to spear crayfish for purposes of sale or Replenishment Areas trade (you can also use scuba or hookah in this A Replenishment Area is an area closed for a circumstance - but only for crayfish). -
California Regulatory Notice Register 2008, Volume No. 26-Z
ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, GOVERNOR OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REGISTER 2008, NO. 27–Z PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JULY 4, 2008 PROPOSED ACTION ON REGULATIONS TITLE 2. FAIR POLITICAL PRACTICES COMMISSION Conflict of Interest Code — Notice File No. Z2008–0618–01 . 1123 STATE AGENCY: Office of Information Security and Privacy Protection MULTI COUNTY: Desert Community College District Lowell Joint School District TITLE 2. FAIR POLITICAL PRACTICES COMMISSION Conflict of Interest Code — Notice File No. Z2008–0623–02 . 1124 Tulare County Office of Education TITLE 3. DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Light Brown Apple Moth Interior Quarantine — Notice File No. Z2008–0623–04 . 1125 TITLE 3. DEPARTMENT OF PESTICIDE REGULATION Notification & Application—Specific Information — Notice File No. Z2008–0624–05 . 1127 TITLE 8. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS BOARD General Industry Safety Orders — Aerosol Transmissible Diseases — Zoonotics — Notice File No. Z2008–0624–09 . 1129 TITLE 9. DEPARTMENT OF REHABILITATION Accreditation of Community Rehabilitation Programs — Notice File No. Z2008–0623–01 . 1151 TITLE 11. PEACE OFFICER STANDARDS AND TRAINING Child Safety When a Caretaker Parent or Guardian is Arrested — Notice File No. Z2008–0624–11 . 1155 TITLE 11. PEACE OFFICER STANDARDS AND TRAINING Training and Testing Specifications — DA Invest — Notice File No. Z2008–0624–10 . 1156 TITLE 15. DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AND REHABILITATION Division of Audit Parole Operations Revisions — Notice File No. Z2008–0619–01 . 1158 (Continued on next page) Time- Dated Material GENERAL PUBLIC INTEREST DEPARTMENT OF FAIR EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING List of Prospective Contractors Ineligible to Enter Into State Contracts . 1161 DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME CESA Consistency Determination Request for San Pablo Dam Seismic Upgrade Project, Contra Costa County . -
Sport Diving Guide 2013
WWW.WHITESDIVING.COM WHITES SPORT diving GUIDE 2013 Tired of diving cold and weT? looking for The warmTh and comforT of your firsT drysuiT? Or are you an experienced Drysuit diver seeking the legendary flexibility and streamlining of the Whites Fusion? Either way, the Whites Fusion PLUS program is for you! At a Fusion PLUS Center you can take the Fusion Distinctive Specialty Course and learn about the unique skills required to diving the Fusion Drysuit. Plus, earn your Fusion Specialty Certification at a Fusion PLUS Center and receive $200 off the retail price of your own Fusion Drysuit package within 6 months of certification. To find a Fusion PLUS Center and save $200 on your purchase visit: http://www.whitesdiving.com/fusionplus sTay dry. sTay warm. sTay diving. $ TOWARDS THE PURCHASE 200 OF ANY DRYSUIT PACKAGE WITHIN 6 MONThs OF crediT CERTIFICATION. ON US. WWW.WHITESDIVING.COM 2 FUSION TECHNOLOGY THE 2 LAYER DRYCORE ADVANTAge No other dry suit in the world can match the mobility of the Fusion. The internal loose cut DryCORE is held in place by the independent outer stretch skin providing unrestricted movement in your arms, legs, and torso. DRYCORE Oversized inner DryCORE constructed of military grade, 210 denier bi-laminate, integrates the dry zipper and seals, fits a wide size range, and does not restrict movement. EXTERNAL SKin Durable, replaceable exterior skin protects and compresses the DryCORE but does not restrict movement. Drycore technology provides 7 uniQUE BENEFITS THAT no other dry suit CAN MATCH 1. Flexibility - OVERSIZED inner DryCORE combined with the stretchy outer skin allows unrivaled mobility. -
Water Covers 70 Percent of the Earth. Scuba Diving Allows You to See What You’Re Missing
Department ADVENTURE Water covers 70 percent of the Earth. Scuba diving allows you to see what you’re missing. by AMANDA CASTLEMAN Somersault off the boat, into the deep blue. Drift down to the wreck or the reef. Or maybe towards some rock formations, sculpted long before a cavern flooded. The slightest kick sends your shadow gliding across the bottom. A whisper of breath buoys you up, chasing a flash of color. Immersed, you hover, freed from the gravity and worries of the noisy surface. Diving is as close as most of us will ever come to a spacewalk. But passion for the underwater world traces back much further than the first moon landing. Ancient Greeks held their breath to plunge Gran Cenote, Riviera for pearls and sponges—and legend claims one Maya, Mexico. breathed through a reed while he cut the moorings of the Persian fleet. Alexander the Great also descended beneath the waves in a glass barrel at the siege of Tyre, according to Aristotle. w Stills + Motion/Christian Vizl; (facing) Getty Images/Alastair Pollock Photography. Photos: Tandem 2 Summer 2014 Summer 2014 3 The desire to explore runs deep. By the 16th Giant ray. century, diving bells pumped air to adventurers and leather suits protected them to depths of 60 feet. Three hundred years later, technology leapt forward as scientists discovered the effects of water pressure and breathing compressed air. The U.S. military pioneered scuba (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) in 1939, then Émile Gagnan and Jacques-Yves Cousteau took the idea mainstream with their 1943 “Aqua-Lung.” Earth’s final frontier, the mysterious wine-dark sea, was open for business. -
Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997
The IUCN Species Survival Commission Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 Edited by Sarah L. Fowler, Tim M. Reed and Frances A. Dipper Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 25 IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management: Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC's Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation. -
Guided to Fishing and Diving New Jersey Reefs
67 Artificial Reef Etiquette ♦ Be courteous. On the reefs, it’s first come, first served. Give anchored boats a wide berth. ♦ Watch for divers. Stay away from boats displaying a “diver down” flag (see back cover). ♦ Release alive all fish and shellfish you are not planning to eat. ♦ Don’t be a fish hog. Limit your catch to a reasonable number of fish. Save some for the next trip. ♦ Observe all State and Federal fishing regulations. ♦ Do not litter. Do not throw any trash overboard. Plastic bags and fishing line kill fish, turtles and birds. ♦ Do not tamper with commercial fishing gear. A side-scan sonar image of New Jersey’s largest artificial reef, the Algol. The Algol is a 460’ Attack Cargo Transport that was sunk on the Shark River Reef site in 1991. Use Caution When Diving • Complete all of the dive courses and obtain all of the certifications necessary for your level of diving. • Divers should proceed with caution when exploring artificial reef structures: * shipwrecks may contain surfaces of sharp, jagged metal * recently deployed reef structures may be unstable, resulting in shifting and falling materials * fishing lines, hooks and net lines fouled in reef structures may snare diving equipment • Divers should not penetrate into the hulls of shipwrecks; the water inside may be dark and murky. • Divers should discontinue dives when visibility is poor or there is a strong storm surge, since these conditions magnify the chances of an accident. • Due to the intensity of boat traffic on artificial reef sites, all diving should be done from an anchored vessel. -
WSF Freediver - Management
WSF Freediver - Management World Series Freediving™ www.freedivingRAID.com MANAGEMENT WSF Freediver - Management THE 4 FREEDIVING ELEMENTS ....................................................................... 2 EQUALISATION .................................................................................................. 2 BREATHING FOR FREEDIVING ...................................................................... 7 RECOVERY BREATHING ................................................................................... 8 FREEDIVING TECHNIQUES ............................................................................. 9 FREEDIVING BUDDY SYSTEM ........................................................................ 12 PROPER BUOYANCY FOR DEPTH FREEDIVING ........................................... 14 ADVENTURE FREEDIVING & COMPETITION ................................................ 18 FREEDIVING ....................................................................................................... 18 TRAINING FOR FREEDIVING ........................................................................... 22 Section 4 - Page 1 RAID WSF FREEDIVER www.freedivingRAID.com THE 4 FREEDIVING ELEMENTS 1. Conserving Oxygen O2 2. Equalisation EQ 3. Flexibility FLX 4. Safety SFE The 5th Element that is key to success is you, the freediver! EQUALISATION EQ Objectives: 1. State 2 processes of equalisation for the eustachian tubes 2. Demonstrate the 5 steps of the Frenzel manoeuvre 3. State the main difference between the Valsalva and Frenzel manoeuvres -
SPEARFISHING Valid: Sept 1 – Aug 31 Resident – Non-Resident
Section III – S . 1 SPEARFISHING Valid: Sept 1 – Aug 31 Resident – Non-Resident Alabama Game, Fish and Wildlife Law; Article 5; beginning with 9-11-170 PRIVILEGE: • Allows person completely submerged, to spear commercial or non-game fish in freshwater or saltwater state. NOTE: • Possession of speargun or spearing device in a boat or on the bank of a body of water is prima facie evidence of its use. • Appropriate freshwater and/or saltwater fishing license is also required for spearfishing in freshwater. • License not required to frog gig. COST: • Resident Annual ..................... $6.00 • Non-Resident Annual .............. $8.50 • Non-Resident 7-Day Trip ........ $3.50 HOW TO PURCHASE YOUR LICENSE: • Visit www.outdooralabama.com/alabama-license-information • Call 1-888-848-6887 (Immediate confirmation code is given. Processing fees apply) • Visit the Marine Resources Office o 999 Commerce Street, Gulf Shores, AL 36547 o 2 North Iberville, Dauphin Island, AL 36542 • Visit the Montgomery Office (64 North Union St., Ste. 567, Montgomery, AL 36104) o 64 N Union Street, Ste. 567, Montgomery, AL • Mail a completed application (download at www.outdooralabama.com/licenses) to Dept. of Conservation, Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries, Attn: License Sales: o PO Box 301456, Montgomery, AL 36130-1456 o 64 N Union St., Ste. 567, Montgomery, AL 36104 (overnight/express) Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries Division – License Manual Revised: 09/17 Revised: 09/17 Section III – S. 2 DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES WILDLIFE AND FRESHWATER FISHERIES DIVISION SPEARFISHING LICENSE Valid: Sept 1 – Aug 31 Resident LICENSE HOLDER: all information is required. PRINT OR TYPE ONLY INCOMPLETE APPLICATIONS WILL BE RETURNED Name: ____________________________________________________________ Sex: Male Female (1) Social Security #: - - Driver’s License # __________________ Wt.