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X************************************************** * Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made * DOCUMENT RESUME ED 312 276 TM 014 017 TITLE Sex and Race Differences on Standardized Tests. Oversight Hearings before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutiohal Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First Session. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, D.C. House Committee on the Judiciary. PUB DATE 23 Apr 89 NOTE 309p.; Serial No. 93. Portions contain small/semi-legible print. AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Ofice, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) Reports Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC13 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academically Gifted; Admission (School); Classification; *College Entrance Examinations; Elementary Secondary Education; Equal Education; Equal Opportunities (Jobs); Females; Handicap Discrimination; Hearings; Higher Education; High Risk Students; Minority Groups; Occupational Tests; Politics of Education; *Racial Differences; *Sex Differences; *Standardized Tests; *Test Bias IDENTIFIERS Admissions Testing Program; Congress 100th; Educational Testing Service; *Scholastic Aptitude Test ABSTRACT The purpose of this 1-day hearing was to assess the level and effects of bias based on gender and race differences affecting standardized tests. The focus was on examining the role of standardized tests with respect to educational and employment opportunities for women and minorities. Testimony or statements from 14 witnesses are presented. Subjects addressed include the influence of test scores on entry into gifted programs, uses of the Scholastic Aptitude Test, the impact of standardized testing on children at risk, misclassification of minority students, testing of the handicapped, politics of testing, the Admissions Testing Program of the College Board, test fairness assurances, and the Educational Testing Service's sensitivity review process and its standards for quality and fairness. (TJH) *******************x************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** SEX AND RACE DIFFERENCES ON STANDARDIZED TESTS OVERSIGHT HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CIVIL AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON SEX AND RACE DIFFERENCES ON STANDARDIZED TESTS APRIL 23, 1957 Serial No. 93 U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) C/Tllis document has been reproducedas received from the person or organization originating it C' Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opaons stated .n thi5dOcu ment do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 74 468 WASHINGTON :1989 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Congresstonal Soles Office U S Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 2 tiESI COPY AVAtLABLE. COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY PETER W RODINO. JR , New Jersey, Chairman JACK BROOKS, Texas HAMILTON FISH. .Iii , New York ROBERT W KASTENMEIER, Wisconsin CARLOS J MOORHEAD, California DON EDWARDS. California HENRY J IlvDE, Illinois JOHN CONYERS, JR , Michigan DAN LUNGREN, California ROMANO 1, MAZZOLI, Kentucky F JAMES SENSENBRENNER.JR . WILLIAM J. HUGHES, New Jersey Wisconsin MIKE SYNAR, Oklahoma BILL McCOLLUM, Florida PATRICIA SCIIROEDElt, Colorado E CLAY SHAW, JR, Florida DAN GLICKMAN, Kansas GEORGE W GEKAS, Pennsylvania BARNEY FRANK, Massachusetts MICHAEL DsWINE, Ohio GEO. W CROCKETT, JR, Michigan WILLIAM E DANNEMEYER, California CHARLES E SCIIUMER, New York PATRICK L SWINDALL Georgia BRUCE A MORRISON, Connecticut HOWARD COBLE, North Carolina EDWARD F, FEIGIIAN, Ohio D FRENCH SLAUGHTER,JR,Virginia LAWRENCE J. SMITH, Florida LAMAR S SMITH, Texas HOWARD L BERMAN, California RICK BOUCIIElt, Virginia HARLEY 0 STAGGERS, JR., West Virginia JOHN BRYANT, Texas BENJAMIN L CARDIN, Maryland M. ELAINE. MIELKE, General Counsel Annul: P EN FIRiS, Jr, Staff Director ALAN F COFFEY, Jr., Associate Counsel SUBCOMMITTEE ON CIVIL AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS DON EDWARDS. California, Chairman ROBERT W, KASTENMEIER, Wisconsin F JAMES SENSENBRENNER,JR JOHN CONYERS, JR., Michigan Wisconsin PATRICIA SCHROEDER, Colorado MICHAEL DsWINE, Ohio CHARLES F SCHUMER, New York WILLIAM E DANNEMEYER, California CATHERINE: ALE:Rov, Counsel ALAN SLOBODIN,Associate Counsel in) 3 CONTENTS WITNOSSES Page Phyllis Rosser, Contributing Editor, Ms. Magazine, Nancy S Cole.Dean. College of Education. University of Illinois, and Diana Pullin. Associate Dean, College of Education, Michigan State University 2 Statement of Phyllis Rosser 6 Statement of Nancy S. Cole...... 32 Statement of Diana Pullin , 40 Gretchen W Rigol, Executive Director, Access Services, the College Board, and Carol Anne Dwyer, Executive Director for Test ",evelopment. School and Higher Education Programs. Educational Testing Service... 69 Statement of Gretchen W Rigol......... ........... .. .. 74 Statement of Carol Anne Dwyer ,...... .... 151 Michael C Behnke, Director of Admissions, Massachusetts Institute of Tech- rology, and Denise Carty-Bennia, Professor of Lan Northeastern Universi- ty. and Executive Chair. Fair Test, Boston. MA. 281 Statement of Michael C Behnke 285 Statement of Denise Carty-Bennia . 297 SEX AND RACE DIFFERENCES ON STANDARDIZED TESTS THURSDAY, APRIL 23. 1987 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON CIVIL AND CONSTITUTIONALRIGHTS, COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, Washington. DC. The subcommittee met, pursuantto call, at 9:33 a.m., in room 2226, Rayburn House Office Building,Hon. Don Edwards (chair- man of the subcommittee) presiding. Present: RepresentativesEdwards, Schroeder, and Sensenbren- ner. Staff present: Catherine LeRoy, chiefcounsel; Alan Slobodin, associate counsel; Barbara Dobynes-Ward,clerical staff. Mr. EDWARDS. The subcommitteewill come to order. The gentleman from Wisconsin. Mr. SENSENBRENNER. Mr. Chairman,I ask unanimous consent that the subcommittee permitcoverage of this hearing, in whole or in part, by television broadcast,radio broadcast or still photogra- phy, in accordance with CommitteeRule 5. Mr. EDWARDS. Without objection,so ordered. The purpose of today's hearingis to examine the role of a variety of standardized tests withrespect to educational and employment opportunities for women and minorities. Americans, especially students,are forced to take an increasing number of standardized tests.These tests are used for purposes of school admittance, placement andgraduation. Because decisions af- fecting educational opportunities andemployment opportunities are based on these test results, we need to know thateducational and vocational testsare, in fact, valid measurements of ability. The courts in California recentlybanned the administration of any IQ test to black students when itwas found that the tests were biased. When a testscores students on the basis of their race and not their ability, then clearly the testshould not be used. Tests that measure culture in thename of ability deny students and workers equal access to employmentand educational opportunities. On the basis of public policy andsimple fairness, we need to know where test biases exist and whatsteps can be taken so that they can be eliminated. Our witnesses will be appearingon three panels. I recognize the gentleman from Wisconsin, Mr. Sensenbrenner. Mr. SENSENBRENNER. Mr. Chairman,the minority has no opening statement this morning. (1) J 2 Mr. EDWARDS. Thank you, Mr. Sensenbrenner. The members of our first panel are Ms. Phyllis Rosser, Contrib- uting Editor, Ms. Magazine; Dr. Diana Pullin, Associate Dean, Col- lege of Education, Michigan State University, Lansing; and Dr. Nancy Cole, Dean, College of Education, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, IL. If the members will come to the witness table, please, we will start with the two who are here. Would you raise your right hands, please. Do you solemnly swear or affirm that the testimony you are about to give is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth? Ms. ROSSER. I do. Dr. COLE. I do. Mr. EnwARDs. Welcome. Without objection, all the statements will be made part of the record. I believe that Phyllis Rosser is first. Ms. Rosser, as I said, is a contributing editor to Ms. Magazine. STATEMENTS OF PHYLLIS ROSSER, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR, MS. MAGAZINE; NANCY S. COLE, DEAN, COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS; AND DIANA PULLIN, ASSOCIATE DEAN, COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSI- TY Ms. ROSSER. Thank you. I am glad to be here and pleased that the subcommittee is focusing attention on this important issue. My name is Phyllis Rosser and I'm a consultant on sex bias in testing. As a contributing editor to Ms. magazine for the past 14 years, I have had articles on education and testing published in Ms. and other magazines as well. I began researching sex bias in test- ing in 1979 and wrote a report for Ms. at that time on the aptitude tests used for college and graduate school admissions, on standard- ized achievement tests that are given from kindergarten through the 12th grade for tracking, on IQ tests that are administered by psychologists, and on interest inventories that are used for career guidance in high school. Most recently, I have been working with the National Center
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