DOCSLIB.ORG

500 College Road East, 201W Princeton, Nj 08540

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

TITLE PAGE: VOLUME 1 OF 1 CROP GROUPING PETITION – STONE FRUIT GROUP 12, TECHNICAL AMENDMENT TO 40 CFR 180.41 (c) (12) AND 180.1 (h) (Apricot; Apricot, Japanese; Capulin; Cherry, black; Cherry, Nanking; Cherry, sweet; Cherry, tart; Choke cherry; Jujube; Klamath plum; Nectarine; Peach; Plum; Plum, American; Plum, beach; Plum, cherry; Plum, Chickasaw; Plum, Damson; Plum, Japanese; Plumcot; Prune (fresh); Sloe) AUTHOR HONG CHEN, Ph.D. INTERREGIONAL RESEARCH PROJECT NO. 4 RUTGERS UNIVERSITY 500 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, 201W PRINCETON, NJ 08540 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. A - 27200-01-07, Supported by State, U.S. Hatch Act and other U.S. Department of Agriculture funds. IR-4 Stone Fruit Crop Group Petition_PR#09896 Page 1 of 304 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TITLE PAGE: VOLUME 1 OF 1 ....................................................................................................1 TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................2 TECHNICAL AMENDMENT: .......................................................................................................3 PROPOSED AMENDMENT ......................................................................................... 3 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 4 CULTURAL INFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5 PEST PROBLEMS ......................................................................................................... 5 SUGGESTED INTERIM TOLERANCE EXPRESSION.............................................. 6 Table 1. Tolerances established on Stone Fruits Crop Group (ppm).............................. 8 Table 2. Major Stone Fruits Production in 2005 .......................................................... 11 Table 3. Crop Group Comparison:................................................................................ 12 ATTACHMENT 1. SYMPOSIUM PROPOSAL ..........................................................................14 ATTACHMENT 2. COMMODITY MONOGRAPHS..................................................................18 ATTACHMENT 3. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES.....................................................................50 IR-4 Stone Fruit Crop Group Petition_PR#09896 Page 2 TECHNICAL AMENDMENT: 40 CFR 180.41 (c) (11), Crop Group 12, Stone Fruits Group IR-4 Project and the International Crop Grouping Consulting Committee (ICGCC) propose an amendment to 40 CFR 180.41 (c) (12) Crop Group 12, Stone Fruits Group, and 40 CFR 180.1 (h) information relevant to stone fruits. PROPOSED AMENDMENT 1. Amend the existing crop group in 40 CFR 180.41 (c) (12) that consists of following 11 commodity entries: 1. Apricot, Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae) 2. Cherry, sweet, Prunus avium (L.) L. (Rosaceae) 3. Cherry, tart, Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae) 4. Nectarine, P. persica var. nucipersica (Suckow) C.K. Schneid. (Rosaceae) 5. Peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. persica (Rosaceae) 6. Plum, Prunus domestica L. ssp. domestica (Rosaceae) 7. Plum, Chickasaw, Prunus angustifolia Marshall (Rosaceae) 8. Plum, Damson, Prunus domestica spp. insititia (L.) C.K. Schneid. (Rosaceae) 9. Plum, Japanese, Prunus salicina Lindl. (Rosaceae) 10. Plumcot, Prunus domestica L. x P. armeniaca L. (Rosaceae) 11. Prune (fresh), Prunus domestica L. ssp. Domestica (Rosaceae) To an expanded crop group that consists of following 22 commodity entries: 1. Apricot, Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae) 2. Apricot, Japanese, Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. (Rosaceae) 3. Capulin, Prunus serotina Ehrh. subsp. capuli (Cav.) McVaugh (Rosaceae) 4. Cherry, black, Prunus serotina Ehrh. ssp. serotina (Rosaceae) 5. Cherry, Nanking, Prunus tomentosa Thunb. (Rosaceae) 6. Cherry, sweet, Prunus avium (L.) L. (Rosaceae) 7. Cherry/tart, Prunus cerasus L. (Rosaceae) 8. Choke cherry, Prunus virginiana (Rosaceae) 9. Jujube, Ziziphus jujube Mill. (Rhamnaceae) 10. Klamath plum, Prunus subcordata Benth. (Rosaceae) 11. Nectarine, Prunus persica var. nucipersica (Suckow) C.K. Schneid. (Rosaceae) 12. Peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. persica (Rosaceae) 13. Plum, Prunus domestica L. ssp. domestica (Rosaceae) 14. Plum, American, Prunus americana Marshall (Rosaceae) 15. Plum, beach, Prunus maritime Marshall (Rosaceae) 16. Plum, cherry, Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. (Rosaceae) 17. Plum, Chickasaw, Prunus angustifolia Marshall (Rosaceae) 18. Plum, Damson, Prunus domestica spp. insititia (L.) C.K. Schneid. (Rosaceae) 19. Plum, Japanese, Prunus salicina Lindl. (Rosaceae) 20. Plumcot, Prunus domestica L. x P. armeniaca L. (Rosaceae) 21. Prune (fresh), Prunus domestica L. ssp. Domestica (Rosaceae) 22. Sloe, Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae) And all edible varieties and/or hybrids of Prunus species and Ziziphus species IR-4 Stone Fruit Crop Group Petition_PR#09896 Page 3 2. The following commodities, Sweet or tart cherry, peach, and plum or fresh prune, remain as representative commodities for the expanded group. 3. Adding the following two crop subgroups: 1). Subgroup 12-A: Peach subgroup. Representative crop: Peach, and Plum or Fresh prune. Sixteen commodities included in this subgroup are: Apricot; Apricot, Japanese; Jujube; Klamath plum; Nectarine; Peach; Plum; Plum, American; Plum, beach; Plum, cherry; Plum, Chickasaw; Plum, Damson; Plum, Japanese; Plumcot; Prune (fresh), and Sloe. 2). Subgroup 12-B: Cherry subgroup. Representative crop: Sweet or Tart cherry. Six commodities included in this subgroup are: Capulin; Cherry, black; Cherry, Nanking; Cherry, sweet; Cherry, tart; and Choke cherry. 4. Deleting two Definitions, Cherries (sour cherries and sweet cherries) and Peaches (peaches, nectarines) from 40 CFR 180.1 (h). BACKGROUND The current Crop Group 12, Stone Fruits group published in 40 CFR 180.41 includes 11 commodity entries in the botanical family of Rosaceae. Sweet or tart cherry, peach, and plum or fresh prune were selected as representative commodities for this group. There have been many group tolerances established on stone fruits crop group (Table 1) and many of those were based on the residue data generated from the representative crops. Since this crop group was established in 1995, more species and varieties of stone fruits have become popular in commercial production or trade. There are also some “orphan” crops that are not in the Rosaceae family but contain a single seed with a hard shell, such as Jujube. The morphology of this crop resembles some stone fruits such as cherries and small varieties of plums as it has large canopies shading the small sized fruits, and should be similar to the stone fruits in terms of residue exposure. Also according to phylogenetic studies there is a systematic affinity between Jujube (Rhamnaceae family) and “real Stone Fruit” (Rosaceae family) (Turchetti & SISCO 2006a). Adding this commodity in the EPA stone fruits group will benefit the growers for crop protection. Some other species or varieties of stone fruits are also added in the proposed stone fruits group, including the Japanese apricot. The Japanese apricot is a popular fruit in Asia, and its commercial products such as preserved Ume or Ume juice have been sold in American markets. In the Japanese crop grouping system, Japanese apricot (ume) is grouped with Japanese plum (sumomo) and apricot (andzu) as "small sized stone fruits" (NAGASAWA 2006d). This petition proposes “Stone fruits Group 12” with 22 commodity entries, among these 21 are in the botanical family of Rosaceae and one in the family of Rhamnaceae. Compared with many other crop groups, most commodities in this group are closely related and all the commodities share similar morphological and cultural characteristics. Commodities and their varieties and/or hybrids proposed in this group include all the commodities in the Codex Classification of Stone Fruits Group and EU Crop List of Stone Fruits Group. Representative commodities in the existing EPA Stone Fruits Group, Sweet or tart cherry, peach, and plum or fresh prune have been recommended by the Workgroup to be representative commodities for the proposed new group. The new Stone Fruits Group and the representative commodities proposed in this petition would facilitate the harmonization of the US and the Codex crop classification systems. Currently there are two Commodity Definitions for stone fruits published in 40 CFR 180(1) (h), Cherries and Peaches. To facilitate residue data generation and tolerance IR-4 Stone Fruit Crop Group Petition_PR#09896 Page 4 establishment on small and large varieties of stone fruits, two subgroups are proposed in this proposal for the stone fruits group, as peach subgroup and cherry subgroup. Peach subgroup includes medium to large fruits such as peaches, nectarines, plums, and jujube; and cherry subgroup includes small fruits, the cherries. By proposing the two subgroups the author recommends to delete the two commodity definitions from the regulation. The original Crop Group 12 proposal was generated at the USDA/IR-4 Crop Grouping Symposium in Washington, DC, October 2002 by Workgroup 4 Chaired by Van Starner of IR-4 and Co-Chaired by Craig Hunter, Rick Loranger, Rick Melnicoe, Chris Olinger, and John Wise (see Attachment 1, Symposium proposal). It was further discussed and developed within the stone fruits Workgroup of the ICGCC. This workgroup consists of over 100 crop or regulatory experts from the US, NAFTA, EU, Asia, Middle East, and Latin America regions representing
Recommended publications
  • Planting and Aftercare of New Trees

    Planting and Aftercare of New Trees

    Where to start? • Fruit plants that fit into to small spaces Producing Fruit for the Home – Apple … on dwarfing rootstocks • Most traditional and local garden centers do not identify specific rootstock ….”Dwarf”, “Semi Dwarf” Ron Perry • Eventual tree size within Dwarf and Semi Dwarf is large Professor Tree Spacing Nursery ID Hort. Department Rootstocks Eventual Height Between Trees Between Rows MSU M.27 or P.22 Dwarf 6 5 10 M.9 Dwarf 8 8 12 M.26 Dwarf 16 10 16 M.7 Semi Dwarf 18 14 22 MM.106 or 111 Semi Dwarf 20 16 22 Where to start? Where to start? • Fruit plants that fit into to small spaces – Cherry - Sour • Select desired fruit which will grow in your area. Tree Spacing Rootstocks • Determine how much space you have available. Varieties Eventual Height Between Trees Between Rows Northstar Mahaleb 10 8 12 • Select varieties which are easiest to grow. Montmorency Gi.5 or 6 12 10 12 Montmorency Mahaleb 12 10 14 – Disease or insect resistant varieties to reduce pest Montmorency Mazzard 14 12 16 pressures. Balaton Mahaleb 14 12 16 – Cherry - Sweet – Assess soil / site conditions Tree Spacing • Full sun VS shade or partial Nursery ID • Soil internal drainage Rootstocks Eventual Height Between Trees Between Rows • Weed competition (lawns are too competitive) Gi.5 Dwarf 12 12 16 Gi.6 Dwarf 14 14 16 Mahaleb Semi Dwarf 20 14 16 Mazzard Semi Dwarf 24 16 20 Average Annual Minimum Temperatures Where to start? (USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map) Most MI fruit sites Zone 5 (-20oF to -10oF) to 6 (-10oF to 0oF) • Fruit plants that fit into to small spaces – Peach, Nectarine, Apricot and Plums – Can generally plant at a spacing of 10 ft X 15 ft* • * If trained to open center or vase shape • Closer spacing, needs to be trained in Chistmas Tree form (Vertical Axe).
  • (Prunus Spp) Using Random Amplified Microsatellite Polymorphism Markers

    (Prunus Spp) Using Random Amplified Microsatellite Polymorphism Markers

    Assessment of genetic diversity and relationships among wild and cultivated Tunisian plums (Prunus spp) using random amplified microsatellite polymorphism markers H. Ben Tamarzizt, S. Ben Mustapha, G. Baraket, D. Abdallah and A. Salhi-Hannachi Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia Corresponding author: A. Salhi-Hannachi E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 14 (1): 1942-1956 (2015) Received January 8, 2014 Accepted July 8, 2014 Published March 20, 2015 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.March.20.4 ABSTRACT. The usefulness of random amplified microsatellite polymorphism markers to study the genetic diversity and relationships among cultivars belonging to Prunus salicina and P. domestica and their wild relatives (P. insititia and P. spinosa) was investigated. A total of 226 of 234 bands were polymorphic (96.58%). The 226 random amplified microsatellite polymorphism markers were screened using 15 random amplified polymorphic DNA and inter-simple sequence repeat primers combinations for 54 Tunisian plum accessions. The percentage of polymorphic bands (96.58%), the resolving power of primers values (135.70), and the polymorphic information content demonstrated the efficiency of the primers used in this study. The genetic distances between accessions ranged from 0.18 to 0.79 with a mean of 0.24, suggesting a high level of genetic diversity at the intra- and interspecific levels. The unweighted pair group with arithmetic mean dendrogram Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (1): 1942-1956 (2015) ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetic diversity of Tunisian plums using RAMPO markers 1943 and principal component analysis discriminated cultivars efficiently and illustrated relationships and divergence between spontaneous, locally cultivated, and introduced plum types.
  • Report of a Working Group on Prunus: Sixth and Seventh Meetings

    Report of a Working Group on Prunus: Sixth and Seventh Meetings

    European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Report of a Working Resources ECP GR Group on Prunus Sixth Meeting, 20-21 June 2003, Budapest, Hungary Seventh Meeting, 1-3 December 2005, Larnaca, Cyprus L. Maggioni and E. Lipman, compilers IPGRI and INIBAP operate under the name Bioversity International Supported by the CGIAR European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Report of a Working Resources ECP GR Group on Prunus Sixth Meeting, 20 –21 June 2003, Budapest, Hungary Seventh Meeting, 1 –3 December 2005, Larnaca, Cyprus L. Maggioni and E. Lipman, compilers ii REPORT OF A WORKING GROUP ON PRUNUS: SIXTH AND SEVENTH MEETINGS Bioversity International is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to improve the well- being of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. Bioversity has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offices in more than 20 other countries worldwide. The Institute operates through four programmes: Diversity for Livelihoods, Understanding and Managing Biodiversity, Global Partnerships, and Commodities for Livelihoods. The international status of Bioversity is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 2006, had been signed by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine.
  • Plums on the Prairies by Rick Sawatzky

    Plums on the Prairies by Rick Sawatzky

    Plums on the Prairies by Rick Sawatzky Information from Literature Much has been published about pollination, pollinators, pollinizers, fertilization and fruit set in text books and periodicals. The definitions are not difficult. Pollination is the movement of pollen among compatible flowering plants (cross-pollination) or from anthers to stigmas on the same plant or different plants of the same clone (self-pollination). Many plants will self-pollinate but set very few fruit; some authors consider them self- pollinating but they are definitely not self-fruitful. Self-fruitful plants (and clones) set a crop of fruit after self-pollination; some of these plants bear fruit with no seeds (parthenocarpy); others develop seeds with embryos that are genetically identical to the parent plant (apomixis); and others produce haploid seeds that develop from an unfertilized egg cell. (When haploid seeds germinate they are very weak seedlings with only half the chromosomes of normal seedlings.) Regarding temperate zone tree fruits, self-pollination and fruit set does not mean self-fertility and the development of normal seeds. Many temperate zone small fruit species (e.g. strawberries and raspberries) are self-fertile and develop maximum yields of fruit with normal seeds as the result of self-pollination by insects. Pollinators, usually insects, are vectors of pollen movement. Pollinizers are plants which provide the appropriate pollen for other plants. Fertilization is the process in which gametes from the pollen unite with egg cells in the ovary of the flower. Normal seeds are usually the result of this process. Also, the principles are easily understood. Poor fertilization in plums and other Prunus species results in a poor fruit set.
  • Investigations of the Plum Pox Virus in Chile in the Past 20 Years

    Investigations of the Plum Pox Virus in Chile in the Past 20 Years

    REVIEW Investigations of the Plum pox virus in Chile in the past 20 years Guido Herrera1 Sharka disease, which is caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), is one of the most serious diseases affecting stone fruit trees around the world. Identified in Bulgaria in 1931, it was restricted to the European continent until 1992 when the virus was identified in Chile. It was subsequently verified in the USA, Canada, and Argentina. After 20 years since first detecting PPV in Chile, it seems clear that the disease cannot be eradicated in spite of various measures. Considering the seriousness of this problem for the domestic industry, a series of studies have been conducted to determine the distribution and degree of transmission of the disease, its biological and molecular characterization and epidemiological aspects, etc. The available information has allowed national phytosanitary control agencies to take steps to decrease the effects of the virus. However, there is a lack of data with respect to epidemiological factors for a more accurate understanding of the performance of the virus under Chilean conditions. Key words: Sharka disease, virus, stone fruit. INTRODUCTION more precise diagnosis techniques like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (Wetzel et al., 1991; Hadidi and Levy, The first symptoms of Sharka or Pox were observed by 1994), resulting in greater knowledge about the range of farmers in southwest Bulgaria after the First World War hosts and viral strains. As well, biotechnological methods and the first scientist to describe the viral nature of the associated with genetic transformation generated plant disease was Dimitar Atanasov in 1933 (Dzhuvinov et al., varieties with characteristics of immunity to the virus 2007), calling it Sharka disease or Plum pox virus (PPV).
  • Chemical Constituents and Health Benefits of Four Chinese Plum Species

    Chemical Constituents and Health Benefits of Four Chinese Plum Species

    Hindawi Journal of Food Quality Volume 2020, Article ID 8842506, 17 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8842506 Review Article Chemical Constituents and Health Benefits of Four Chinese Plum Species Wei Liu,1 Guangming Nan,1 Muhammad Farrukh Nisar ,2,3,4 and Chunpeng Wan 3 1Key Lab of Natural Product Chemistry and Application at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China 2Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China 3College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Post-harvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330045, China 4Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan Correspondence should be addressed to Muhammad Farrukh Nisar; [email protected] and Chunpeng Wan; [email protected] Received 23 April 2020; Revised 10 May 2020; Accepted 24 June 2020; Published 22 July 2020 Academic Editor: Quancai Sun Copyright © 2020 Wei Liu et al. /is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Prunus is a large genus in the Rosaceae family of flowering plants, comprising over 340 species inhabiting variable landscapes in the world. Over 500 listed phytochemicals have been isolated from this single genus so far. /e present study focused four Chinese Prunus species, viz., Prunus cerasifera, Prunus domestica, Prunus salicina, and Prunus spinosa, due to their uses, demand, nutritional value, medicinal importance, and diverse biological potential.
  • A Comparative Taxonomic Study of Seeds of Some Plants of Rosaceae Family in Iraq

    A Comparative Taxonomic Study of Seeds of Some Plants of Rosaceae Family in Iraq

    1 Plant Archives Vol. 20, Supplement 2, 2020 pp. 589-595 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 A COMPARATIVE TAXONOMIC STUDY OF SEEDS OF SOME PLANTS OF ROSACEAE FAMILY IN IRAQ Zainab Abid Aun Ali Department of Biology, College of science for women, University of Baghdad, Iraq Abstract Seeds of 12 types of fruits of plants within the family Rosaceae, representing seven genera cultivated in Iraq were examined. The study included Pyrus communis L., Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., Cydonia oblonga Mill., Crataegus azarulus L., Malus domestica Borkh., Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., Prunus persica var. nectarina (Sol.) Maxim., Prunus persica var. platycarpa (Decne.) L.H. Bailey, Prunus domestica L., Prunus domestica var. italica (Borkh.) Schneid., Prunus cerasus L ., Prunus armaniaca L. and Rosa damascene Mill. Seeds were glabrous except of R. damascene were pubescence. Seeds of Prunus were coated by brown thin dry cover (testa) and in other genera were near this color either reddish brown as of M. domestica or light brown as of C. azarulus or dark brown– black as of E. japonica . Most seeds were ovate or obovate but were elliptic in P. armaniaca , puffed Oblong in E. japonica , spherical in P. persica var. platycarpa and were hemi spherical in C. azarulus . Seeds of Prunus were covered by hard woody endocarp; each type has different color and surface sculptures. There were variations in the surface configurations of endocarps and seeds between genera; it can be used as taxonomic evidences in separating the nearest taxa. Keywords : Rosaceae, Pyrus , Eriobotrya , Cydonia , Crataegus , Malus. Prunus, Rosa Introduction have five petals (simple flowers), whereas high numbers of Rosaceae is cosmopolitan, 115 genera and 3200 petals (double flowers) are typical attributes of most of the species, with economic importance especially in the tropical cultivated roses (Annick Dobois et al., 2010).
  • Genome-Wide SNP Identification in Prunus Rootstocks Germplasm

    Genome-Wide SNP Identification in Prunus Rootstocks Germplasm

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Genome-wide SNP identifcation in Prunus rootstocks germplasm collections using Genotyping-by- Sequencing: phylogenetic analysis, distribution of SNPs and prediction of their efect on gene function Verónica Guajardo1, Simón Solís1, Rubén Almada1, Christopher Saski2, Ksenija Gasic2 & María Ángeles Moreno3* Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) was applied in a set of 53 diploid Prunus rootstocks and fve scion cultivars from three subgenera (Amygdalus, Prunus and Cerasus) for genome-wide SNP identifcation and to assess genetic diversity of both Chilean and Spanish germplasm collections. A group of 45,382 high quality SNPs (MAF >0.05; missing data <5%) were selected for analysis of this group of 58 accessions. These SNPs were distributed in genic and intergenic regions in the eight pseudomolecules of the peach genome (Peach v2.0), with an average of 53% located in exonic regions. The genetic diversity detected among the studied accessions divided them in three groups, which are in agreement with their current taxonomic classifcation. SNPs were classifed based on their putative efect on annotated genes and KOG analysis was carried out to provide a deeper understanding of the function of 119 genes afected by high-impact SNPs. Results demonstrate the high utility for Prunus rootstocks identifcation and studies of diversity in Prunus species. Also, given the high number of SNPs identifed in exonic regions, this strategy represents an important tool for fnding candidate genes underlying traits of interest and potential functional markers for use in marker-assisted selection. Prunus is a genus belonging to the subfamily Prunoideae of the family Rosaceae1. Several species of this large genus, known as stone fruits, are among the most important for the world fruit industry, providing edible and tasty fruits highly appreciated by consumers (e.g., peaches, plums, cherries, apricots and almonds).
  • Table of Contents

    Table of Contents

    Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ 1 Authors, Reviewers, Draft Log ........................................................................................ 3 Introduction to Reference ................................................................................................ 5 Introduction to Stone Fruit ............................................................................................. 10 Arthropods ................................................................................................................... 16 Primary Pests of Stone Fruit (Full Pest Datasheet) ....................................................... 16 Adoxophyes orana ................................................................................................. 16 Bactrocera zonata .................................................................................................. 27 Enarmonia formosana ............................................................................................ 39 Epiphyas postvittana .............................................................................................. 47 Grapholita funebrana ............................................................................................. 62 Leucoptera malifoliella ........................................................................................... 72 Lobesia botrana ....................................................................................................
  • Plant List for VC54, North Lincolnshire

    Plant List for VC54, North Lincolnshire

    Plant List for Vice-county 54, North Lincolnshire 3 Vc61 SE TA 2 Vc63 1 SE TA SK NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE TF 9 8 Vc54 Vc56 7 6 5 Vc53 4 3 SK TF 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 Paul Kirby, 31/01/2017 Plant list for Vice-county 54, North Lincolnshire CONTENTS Introduction Page 1 - 50 Main Table 51 - 64 Summary Tables Red Listed taxa recorded between 2000 & 2017 51 Table 2 Threatened: Critically Endangered & Endangered 52 Table 3 Threatened: Vulnerable 53 Table 4 Near Threatened Nationally Rare & Scarce taxa recorded between 2000 & 2017 54 Table 5 Rare 55 - 56 Table 6 Scarce Vc54 Rare & Scarce taxa recorded between 2000 & 2017 57 - 59 Table 7 Rare 60 - 61 Table 8 Scarce Natives & Archaeophytes extinct & thought to be extinct in Vc54 62 - 64 Table 9 Extinct Plant list for Vice-county 54, North Lincolnshire The main table details all the Vascular Plant & Stonewort taxa with records on the MapMate botanical database for Vc54 at the end of January 2017. The table comprises: Column 1 Taxon and Authority 2 Common Name 3 Total number of records for the taxon on the database at 31/01/2017 4 Year of first record 5 Year of latest record 6 Number of hectads with records before 1/01/2000 7 Number of hectads with records between 1/01/2000 & 31/01/2017 8 Number of tetrads with records between 1/01/2000 & 31/01/2017 9 Comment & Conservation status of the taxon in Vc54 10 Conservation status of the taxon in the UK A hectad is a 10km.
  • Pospiviroidae Viroids in Naturally Infected Stone and Pome Fruits In

    Pospiviroidae Viroids in Naturally Infected Stone and Pome Fruits In

    21st International Conference on Virus and other Graft Transmissible Diseases of Fruit Crops Pospiviroidae viroids in naturally infected stone and pome fruits in Greece Kaponi, M.S.1, Luigi, M.2, Barba, M.2, Kyriakopoulou, P.E.I I Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece 2 CRA-PAV, Centro di Ricerca per la Patologia Vegeta le, 00156 Rome, Italy Abstract Viroid research on pome and stone fruit trees in Greece is important, as it seems that such viroids are widespread in the country and may cause serious diseases. Our research dealt with three Pospiviroidae species infecting pome and stone fruit trees, namely Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd), Pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd). Tissue-print hybridization, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cloning and sequencing techniques were successfully used for the detection and identification of these viroids in a large number of pome and stone fruit tree samples from various areas of Greece (Peloponnesus, Macedonia, Thessaly, Attica and Crete). The 58 complete viroid sequences obtained (30 ASSVd, 16 PBCVd and 12 HSVd) were submitted to the Gen Bank. Our results showed the presence of ASSVd in apple, pear, wild apple (Malus sylvestris), wild pear (Pyrus amygdaliformis) and sweet cherry; HSVd in apricot, peach, plum, sweet cherry, bullace plum (Prunus insititia), apple and wild apple; and PBCVd in pear, wild pear, quince, apple and wild apple. This research confirmed previous findings of infection of Hellenic apple, pear and wild pear with ASSVd, pear, wild pear and quince with PBCVd and apricot with HSVd.
  • Juices from Non-Typical Edible Fruits As Health-Promoting Acidity Regulators for Food Industry

    Juices from Non-Typical Edible Fruits As Health-Promoting Acidity Regulators for Food Industry

    Post-print of: Koss-Mikołajczyk I., Kusznierewicz B., Namieśnik J., Bartoszek-Pączkowska A.: Juices from non-typical edible fruits as health-promoting acidity regulators for food industry. LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Vol. 64, iss. 2 (2015), p. 845-852. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.06.072 Juices from non-typical edible fruits as health-promoting acidity regulators for food industry Izabela Koss-Mikołajczyk a, Barbara Kusznierewicz a, Jacek Namiesnik b, Agnieszka Bartoszek a a Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland b Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland abstract The study verifies the possibility of application of juices from selected fruits characterized by the high antioxidant potential as natural acidity regulators with improved nutritional properties. The tested non-typical fruits included mirabelle plum, sea buckthorn and blue-berried honeysuckle. Beetroot juice whose pH is about 6.0 served as a model food product. Potentiometric titration was used to compare the efficacy of tested juices as acidity regulators with that of citric þ acid, a widely applied acidity regulator. The antioxidant activity of tested mixtures of juices was determined by spectrophotometric ABTS (2,2-azinobis- (ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt) test and their cytotoxic activity was assessed by MTT (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) test. The potentiometric titration revealed that the efficacy of the juices proposed as acidity regulators matched that of citric acid. Among the mixtures of beetroot juice and titrants studied, the addition of blue-berried honeysuckle juice ensured the highest antioxidant activity, followed by sea buckthorn and mirabelle plum juices.