ANNEX I - INDICATIVE LIST OF TREES AND SHRUB SPECIES THAT CAN BE PLANTED IN RURAL AREAS Compiled by the Environment & Resources Authority (ERA). For more information contact: [email protected] and [email protected]

broadleaf alien (for production only) Key: broadleaf species (angiosperms) non-broadleaf species (gymnosperms)

Scientific Name Maltese Name English Name Notes

Acer monspessulanum l-a ġġru; l-aċer Montpellier Maple Requires adequate water supply Edible fruit, not native: only to be planted in Actinidia deliciosa il-kiwi Kiwi; Chinese Gooseberry agricultural fields for fruit production Black ; European Alder; Common Alnus glutinosa l - alnu Requires adequate water supply Alder Bean Trefoil Tree; Mediterranean Anagyris foetida il-fula tal-klieb Drought tolerant, winter- Stinkwood Arbutus unedo l-imbragla Strawberry Tree; Cane Apple Drought tolerant, edible fruit Atriplex halimus il - bjanka Salt Bush; Shrubby Orache Drought and salt tolerant Silver ; Warty Birch; European White Betula pendula il-betula Requires adequate water supply Birch Calicotome villosa s.l. il - ġenista tax - xewk Spiny Broom Drought and salt tolerant Edible fruit, not native: only to be planted in Carica spp. il-papajja Papayas; Babacos agricultural fields for fruit production Carpinus orientalis il-karpin Oriental Hornbeam Requires adequate water supply Carya illinoinensis Edible fruit, not native: only to be planted in (= Carya oliviformis; Carya pecan; il- ġewż tal-pekan Pecan Nut agricultural fields for fruit production Hicorius pecan; Juglans illinionensis) Celtis australis il-buglar; i ċ-ċeltis Nettle Tree Requires adequate water supply Ceratonia siliqua il- ħarruba Carob Drought tolerant Cercis siliquastrum is-si ġra ta’ Ġuda; il-ħarrub ta’ Ġuda Judas Tree; Mediterranean Redbud Requires adequate water supply Chamaerops humilis il- ġummara Dwarf Fan Palm Drought tolerant; shrubby palm Corylus avellana is-si ġra tal-ġellewż Common Hazel Requires adequate water supply Crataegus azarolus l-g ħanżalor Azarole; Crete Hawthorn Edible fruit Crataegus monogyna iż-żagħrun Whithorn; Common Hawthorn Edible fruit Crataegus x ruscinonensis l-g ħanżalor is-selva ġġ Hybird Hawthorn Edible fruit Cupressus sempervirens i ċ-ċipress Italian Cypress Windbreaker species Cydonia oblonga l-isfar ġel Quince Edible fruit, traditionally used for il-kunserva tal-isfar ġel Darniella melitensis ix-xebb; is-si ġra tal-irmied Maltese Salt Tree Drought and salt tolerant (= Salsola melitensis) Edible fruit, not native: only to be planted in Diospyros spp. il-kaki Persimmon; Kaki agricultural fields for fruit production Ephedra fragilis l-efedra Shrubby Horsetail; Joint Drought tolerant l-erika; is-sag ħtar l-aħmar; is-savina; leħjet Erica multiflora Mediterranean Heath Garrigue and phrygana shrub ix-xi ħ Edible fruit, not native: only to be planted in Eriobotrya japonica in-naspli Japanese Medlar agricultural fields for fruit production Planting not recommended near children (as fruit is Euonymus europaeus il-fużanja; l-evonimu European Spindle; Common Spindle attrative and poisonous) Scrub, garrigue and phrygana large shrub; drought Euphorbia dendroides it-teng ħud tas-si ġra Tree Spurge tolerant Scrub, garrigue and phrygana shrub which can attain Euphorbia melitensis it-teng ħud tax-xagħri Maltese Spurge large heights; drought tolerant Fagus sylvatica is-si ġra tal-fagu European Beech Requires adequate water supply' planting discouraged It - iina (includes: il - bajtar ta’ San Ġwann; Ficus carica s.l. il - bżengul; id - dukkar; il - farkizzan; Fig Tree Drought tolerant il - parsott) Fraxinus angustifolia il-fraxxnu; is-si ġar tal-paċenzja Narrow-Leaved Ash Requires adequate water supply Juglans regia Is-si ġra tal-ġewż Common Walnut Requires adequate water supply Juniperus macrocarpa Il - ġniepru x - xewwieki Mediterranean Prickly Juniper Drought and salt tolerant Prickly Juniper; Prickly Cedar; Cade Juniperus oxycedrus Il - ġniepru x - xewwieki Drought and salt tolerant Juniper Juniperus turbinata il- ġnibru; il-ġniepru; l-għargħar Southern Phoenician Juniper Drought tolerant Laurus nobilis ir-randa Bay Laurel; Sweet Bay Requires adequate soil depth, watering and shade Lycium europaeum l-g ħawse ġ European Tea-Tree; European Boxthorn Relative tolerance to drought Mediterranean Tea-Tree; Mediterranean Lycium intricatum l-g ħawse ġ selvaġġ Drought and salt tolerant Boxthorn Lycium schweinfurthii l-g ħawse ġ selvaġġ Southern Tea-Tree; Southern Boxthorn Drought and salt tolerant Malus domestica s.l. it-tuffie ħ tal-billudja Apple Edible fruit Malus sylvestris it-tuffie ħ selva ġġ Wild Apple; European Crab Apple Edible fruit fomm il-lipp; omm il-epp; in-naspli t- Mespilus germanica Medlar; Mediterranean Medlar Edible fruit tedeski Morus alba is-si ġar taċ-ċawsli White Mulberry Edible fruit Morus nigra is-si ġar tat-tut Black Mulberry Edible fruit Requires adequate soil depth, watering and some Myrtus communis subsp . communis ir-ri ħan Myrtle amount of shade; relative tolerance to drought once established id-difla; si ġret il-ġarab; siġret il-bass; is- Nerium oleander Oleander A hardy species, but requires adequate water supply si ġar tal-wirdien; l-oleandru Olea europaea s.l. iż-żebbu ġa; iż-żejtuna Olive Drought tolerant, edible fruit Olea oleaster iż-żebbu ġ selvaġġ Wild Olive Drough tolerant Ostrya carpinifolia il-karpin falz; l-ostrijà Hop Hornbeam Requires adequate water supply Used as a hedge due to spiny shrubby nature; Paliurus spina-christi ix-xewk tal-kuruna; Ix-xewk ta’ kristu Christ’s Thorn Tree; Jerusalem Thorn deciduous Periploca angustifolia Scrub, garrigue and phrygana large shrub; drought (= Periploca laevigata subsp. si ġret il-ħarir African Wolfsbane tolerant angustifolia) Edible fruit, not native: only to be planted in Persea americana l-avogado Avogado agricultural fields for fruit production Requires adequate soil depth, watering and some Phillyrea angustifolia il-fillirja Narrow-Leaved Mock Privet amount of shade; relative tolerance to drought once established Phillyrea latifolia l-olivastru; il-fillirja l-kbira Mock Privet; Jasmine Box Relative tolerance to drought Phillyrea media l-olivastru; il-fillirja ż-żgħira Lesser Mock Privet Relative tolerance to drought il-palm tat-tamar; in-na ħla; Is-si ġar tat- Phoenix dactylifera Date Palm Drought tolerant, edible fruit tamar iż-żnuber; is-si ġra tal-prinjol; si-siġra tal- Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine; Jerusalem Pine Drought tolerant arżnu iż-żnuber tal-baħar; iż-żnuber tax-xatt; il- Pinus pinaster Maritime Pine; Cluster Pine Drought tolerant prinjol tal- ġwienaħ iż-żnuber tal-ikel; iż-żnuber tal-umbrella; is- Pinus pinea Stone Pine; Umbrella Pine; Parasol Pine Drought tolerant, edible pine nuts si ġra tal-prinjol Pistacia lentiscus id-deru; Id-delu Lentisk; Mastic Tree Drought tolerant il-botna; l-iskornabekk; is-si ġar tat- Requires adequate soil depth, watering and some Pistacia terebinthus turpentina; it-trementina; is-si ġar tal- Terebinth; Turpentine Tree amount of shade, deciduous fosdoq; it-terebintu Pistacia x saportae id - deru l-bag ħal Hybird Mastic Tree Drought tolerant Platanus orientalis id - dolf; id - dorf; id - dolb Oriental Plane Tree Requires adequate water supply Populus alba il-luqa; is-si ġar taċ-ċopp White Poplar Requires adequate water supply Edible fruit, includes: il - berquqa; id - damaskina; armeniaca is - si ġra tal - berquq Apricot; Armenian il - lixandrina Prunus avium i ċ-ċirasa; l-amarena Wil Cherry; Sweet Cherry; Gean Edible fruit i ċ - ċuplamm; l-għanbaqar il-kbir Cherry Plum; Myrobalan Plum Edible fruit Prunus cerasus i ċ-ċirasa s-selvaġġa Sour Cherry; Dwarf Cherry; Tart Cherry Edible fruit Prunus cocomilia il-pruna tal-Italja Italian Plum Edible fruit Plum (including Bullace; Damascene; Edible fruit, includes: id - damaskina; s.l. il - prajn; l-g ħanbaqar ; ; Prune) l - g ħajnbaqar/għanbaqar; il - prajjen; il - pruna; is - sużina Prunus dulcis is-si ġar tal-lewż Almond* Edible fruit Prunus institia l-g ħanbaqar Bullace; Wild Damson; European Plum Edible fruit Prunus mahaleb i ċ-ċirasa bagħlija; iċ-ċirasa s-selvaġġa Mahaleb Cherry; St Lucie Cherry Edible fruit Prunus persica il - ħawħa Peach Tree Edible fruit Prunus persica var. nucipersica in - nu ċiprisk; l - an ċiprisk; iċ - ċiprisk Nectarine Edible fruit il-prajn tax-xewk Sloe; Blackthorn Edible fruit Prunus webbii il-lewż morr Eastern Almond; Webb’s Almond Edible fruit Prunus x dasycarpa iż-żabrikott Black Apricot Edible fruit Punica granatum is-si ġar tar-rummien; is-siġar tal-bullar Pomegranate* Edible fruit Pyrus amygdaliformis il-lan ġas selvaġġ Almond-Leaved Pear Edible fruit Edible fruit, includes: l - an ġelika, l - an ġielka or il - piran ġielka; il - bambinella; il - bergamotta; il - butira, Pyrus communis s.l. il - lan ġas; l - an ġas Cultivated Pear il - perabutira or it - tirabutira; id - dama; id - dami ġella; id - dukessa; il - favorita; il - maskarella; l - ottobrina; is - settembrina Pyrus pyraster il-lan ġas bagħal; il-lanġas selvaġġ Wild Pear Edible fruit Pyrus syriaca il-lan ġas selvaġġ Syrian Pear Edible fruit Quercus calliprinos il - balluta x - xewwikija Palestine ; Eastern Kermes Oak Drought tolerant Quercus cerris ir-ruvlu; il-balluta l- ħorfija Turkey Oak; Austrian Oak Requires adequate water supply s.l. il - balluta x - xewwikija Kermes Oak Drought tolerant Quercus gussonei ir-ruvlu; il-balluta l- ħorfija Gussone’s Oak Requires adequate water supply Requires adequate soil depth, watering and some Quercus ilex il-balluta; is-si ġar tal-ġandar Holm Oak; Evergreen Oak amount of shade; relative tolerance to drought once established Quercus petraea s.l. ir-ruvlu; il-balluta l- ħorfija Sessile Oak; Cornish Oak; Durmast Oak Requires adequate water supply Quercus pubescens s.l. il-balluta l-muswafa ; ir-ruvlu Downy Oak; Pubsecent Oak Requires adequate water supply Quercus robur il-balluta ingliża; is-si ġra tar-ruvlu Pedunculate Oak; English Oak Requires adequate water supply Requires adequate soil depth, watering and some Quercus suber is - si ġra tas - sufra; il - ballut tas - sufra Cork Oak amount of shade il - ġenista l - bajda; il - ġenista tar - ramel; Retama raetam s.l. Bridal Broom; White Weeping Broom Drought and salt tolerant ir - retama Rhamnus alaternus l-alaternu Mediterranean Buckthorn Relative tolerance to drought Rhamnus oleoides Lesser Buckthorn; Olive-Leaved iż-żiju Drought tolerant (= Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides ) Buckthorn Drought tolerant; deciduous; traditionally used in ix-xumakk tal-konz Common Sumach leather and as a spice iż-żafżafa; iż-żafżafa l-kbira; iż-żafżafa l- Salix alba s.l. White Willow Requires adequate water supply bajda Salix pedicellata iż-żafżafa ż-żgħira Mediterranean Willow Requires adequate water supply in-nittiena; is-sebuqa s-selva ġġa; is- Sambucus ebulus Dwarf Elder Requires adequate water supply, a sub-shrub sambuka s-selva ġġa Sambucus nigra is-sambuka; is-sebuqa l-kbira Common Elder Requires adequate water supply Searsia pentaphylla It-tiżra; il-kunzatura; ix-xumakk tal-konz Tizra Tree (= ) Sorbus aucuparia iż-żorba s-selva ġġa Rowan; Mountain Ash Requires adequate water supply Sorbus domestica iż-żorba Service Tree Requires adequate water supply Spartium junceum il-genista s-safra Spanish Broom Drought tolerant Tamarix africana il-bruka; it-tarfa Tamarisks Salt tolerant, but requires an adequate water supply Arar tree; Sandarac Gum Tree; Tetraclinis articulata l-g ħargħar Mediterranean Alerce; Barbary Arbor- Drought tolerant Vitae Tilia platyphyllos It-tilja Lime Tree Requires adequate water supply Ulmus canescens in-nemmiesa; is-si ġar tan-nemus; l-ulmu; l- Hoary Elm; Grey-Leaved Elm Requires adequate water supply (= Ulmus minor subsp. canescens ) ulmu ta’ Malta Requires adequate soil depth, watering and some Viburnum tinus il-meruna; il-viburnu Laurustinus amount of shade; relative tolerance to drought once established l-g ħadiba; il-virgi; il-bżar tal-patrijiet; l- Vitex agnus-castus Chaste Tree; Virgin Bush Requires adequate water supply g ħadbiera; is-si ġar tal-virgi Ziziphus lotus is-siedra Spiny Jujube; Sicilian Jujube Drought tolerant, edible fruit Ziziphus zizyphus iż-żinżel Jujube Edible fruit (= Ziziphus jujuba )