WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2012 GENDER EQUALITY AND DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND PAPER GENDER AND MOBILITY IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD Uteng, Tanu Priya 2011 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the World Development Report 2012 team, the World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Gendered Bargains of Daily Mobility Citing cases from both Urban and Rural settings February 2011 Informal Workers, Indonesia Source: Ari Yuniasti [
[email protected]] Tanu Priya Uteng Research Fellow Department of Civil and Transport Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) 0 Abstract ‘Access’ is primarily a gendered phenomenon in the developing countries, pertaining to all the sub- sets of access, i.e. access to information, rights, land, money, education, skills, political participation and voice. It thus becomes incumbent upon the policy makers and development practitioners to shred down the details of these ‘constrained accesses’ to truly empower women. This study highlights the ways in which constrained (daily) mobility i.e. the element of physical access to different facilities bears upon the issue of women empowerment. Rather than being a singular function of transport provision, the daily mobility of women in developing countries is guided by a set of complex hierarchies. This study contends that the following elements, though not exhaustive in nature, are highly influential in gendering of mobility in the present times: prevalent social/cultural norms, transport infrastructure, physical/area planning, effects of globalization, governance (women’s presence and participation in informal sector and micro-credit schemes), pre and post disaster/conflict rehabilitation process and access to information and communication technologies (ICTs).