GOVERNING AT THE CROSSROADS ISTANBUL 2012 GOVERNING AT THE CROSSROADS ISTANBUL 2012 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis !
Preface Thomas Aguilera, Adrian Favell, Brigitte Fouilland and Tommaso Vitale
Photo: Caroline Guillet
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1 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis !
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3 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis
Preface : p. 1 Table of contents : p. 4 Foreword : p. 5 Introduction : p. 6 An Overview of Development Pressures Affecting the City of Istanbul Claudio Altenhain and Isabelle Steichen : p. 8 I. Architecture of Power Strategic Planning in the Metropolitan Region of Istanbul: The Role and Challenges of Planning in the Metropolis of Istanbul Christian Josef Pollok and Juan Manuel Restrepo : p. 11 Immigration and Refugees in Istanbul, IOM and UNHCR Elise Gilliot and Lucie Billaud : p. 14 Religion and Politics in Contemporary Turkey Benoit Mayaux and Lluis Pino : p. 16 II. Istanbul: A model City of the Future Istanbul Development Agency Nonjabulo Zondi and Charlotte Lafitte: p. 18 Presentation of the Redevelopment Project of Istanbul 2010, SALT Galata John-Arthur Palmer and Luis-Felipe Lopes : p. 21 The Geopolitical Role of Istanbul Anna Györy and Arslan Bissembayev p. 24 III. Weaving the Urban Fabric: Changing Neighborhoods and Urban Development A. Housing and Urban Redevelopment Projects Urban Development in a Global Informal City (Historical Perspective) Lucie Perez and Hugo Ribadeau Dumas : p. 27 Restoring Fener-Balat: History, Authority and Identity at Glance Ihnji Jon and Loic Daudey : p. 31 Presentation and Discussion of the Kumkapi District Léonie Claeyman and Clélia Hardy : p. 34 B. Cosmopolitan city and the role of culture(s) Tarlabaşi Community Center Suzanne Chatelier and Felix Attard : p. 37 Visit of the Karaköy Greek Primary School Arthur Crestani and Caroline Bouniol de Gineste : p. 40 Cultural Policies and Neighborhood Development Joana Olier and Juliette Le Pannérer : p. 43 C. Case-Study: The Governance of Water in Istanbul Water Regulation and Conflicts in the Istanbul Metropolitan Region: Past Present and Future Jusmeet Sihra: p. 46 Visit to Paşaköy Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant Nathalie Badaoui Choumar : p. 49 Conclusion: Governance Perspective Discussing Urban governance, Kadir Has University Cristiano Penna and Morgan Mouton: p. 52 Today’s Istanbul : The Major Issues of Contemporary Urbanism Camille Barberet : p. 55 Conclusion : p. 57 Photo: Caroline Guillet Credits : p. 59 4 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis !
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Foreword Christian Josef Pollok, Lucie Billaud, Caroline Guillet & Emanualle Wright
Photo: Cindy Nino
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Introduction
Photo: Caroline Guillet
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6 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis !
"36#)"C36% '"3% 6C'"C3% '(7% C'?'C5,536% 6*6,3$% '(7% ,23% $#"3% #"% @366% =565E@3% )(3O)'@@*% 756,"5E),37/% M23"3% 7#% ,2363% 73$'"C',5#(6% '@#(>% M25C2% ,23% "3@',5#(6% 3883C,6% '(7% 3X,3"('@5,536% C"*6,'@@5S3% '(7% E3,M33(% ,23% >#=3"(5(>% '(7% ,23% >#=3"(37% C#(C3(,"',3R%Y2#% '"3% ,23% >"#)?6% ,2',% E3'"% 756'",5C)@',3% '(7% '"3% E35(>% "3T'",5C)@',37% ,23$%,23%$#6,R%J(7%45('@@*/%M2',%'"3%,235"/%#"% ,2"#)>2%,23%7*('$5C%5(,3"?@'*%#8%?#@5C*%'(7% '"3% ,23"3/% ?#665E5@5,536% '(7% C'?'E5@5,536% ,#% ?#@5,5C6F% G23%5$?#",'(C3%#8%?'",*%?#@5,5C6% ',% "3'C,% ,#/% "3656,/% '(7% C#(,36,% C3",'5(% 75883"3(,%@3=3@6/%,23%C2'@@3(>3%#8%?@'((5(>%,23% ,"'b3C,#"536% #8%)"E'(%73=3@#?$3(,%C)""3(,@*% C5,*/% '6% M3@@% '6% ,23% 73$#>"'?25C6% #8% ?)"6)37R N6,'(E)@`6% <5(C"3'65(>@*% 5$$5>"'(,A% % ?#?)@',5#(% '"3% ?#","'*37% '6% C")C5'@% 3(,"*% G256% "3?#",% 7#36(`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`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b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
7 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis !
Photo: Cindy Nino
?"363(,',5#(%,##W%?@'C3%5(%,23%@3C,)"3%2'@@%#8% An Overview of Development ,23%G'cWdc@'% L'$?)6/% M25C2% 56% 65,)',37% b)6,% Pressures Affecting the City of ,3(%$5(),36%8"#$%G'W65$%6O)'"3%E*%8##,F% \(% Istanbul #)"% M'*/% M3% ?'6637% E*% ,23% e3$'@% J,',f"W% L)@,)"'@%L3(,3"%'(7%,23%J,',f"W%:5E"'"*/%,M#% $#73"(56,% @'(7$'"W6% #8% 6,',3T@37% ?)E@5C% Date: January 9, 2012 )"E'(% 73=3@#?$3(,F% G23% G'cWdc@'% L'$?)6% 2#)636% ,23% !'C)@,*% #8% J"C25,3C,)"3/% ,23% Speakers: Başak Demires Özkul (Bartlett N(6,5,),3%#8%B#C5'@%BC53(C36%'(7%,23%!5(3%J",6% School of Planning, University College K3?'",$3(,F% N,% )637% ,#% E3% '% $5@5,'"*% London), Irem Ayranci (Istanbul Technical E'""'CW6% 5(% ,23% \,,#$'(% 3"'% '(7% ,#7'*% 56% University, Department of Urban and #(3% #8% ,23% $#6,% "3(#M(37% 256,#"5C'@% Regional Planning) and Serdar Kaya (ibid.) E)5@75(>6% 5(% N6,'(E)@F% Q#M3=3"/% 5,6% 6@5>2,@*% ")(T7#M(% C@'665C56,% 8'g'73% 6,'(76% 5(% 6,'"W% 7$'* 8%")&* &$'12&%#* )'#&%+0* #'0&'")* (9+0* +("* C#(,"'6,% M5,2% ,23% Q*',,% h3>3(C*% <8#"$3"@*% :'"6* 8%")&* '0#+(0&'"* +0* ;20(2"6* <&$* .%&$* 9"'(7% Q*',,A% N6,'(E)@% Q#,3@% 'C"#66% ,23% /2c23*=>3(?@* 20A* 4%:')*20* +:'":%'.*+,*)+1'* 6,"33,F% G23% Q*',,% h3>3(C*% 56%b)6,%#(3%#8% ,23% +,*&$'*12%0*#$2??'04')*B)&20C(?*,2#')*&+A26D 63=3"'@%,#?T"'(W5(>%5(,3"(',5#('@%2#,3@6%,2',% C'(%E3%8#)(7%5(%,23%'"3'F% U=3(%58%5,%C@'5$6%,#% G256% ?"363(,',5#(% ,##W% ?@'C3% 5(% ,23% @3C,)"3% "34@3C,% Z,23% 6?5"5,% '(7% ,23% C)@,)"3% #8% ,23% - 2'@@% #8% ,23% G'cWdc@'% L'$?)6/% M25C2% 56% C5,*[ /% '6% M3% M3"3% ,#@7% 7)"5(>% ,23% 65,)',37% b)6,% ,3(% $5(),36% 8"#$% G'W65$% ?"363(,',5#(/% ,23%C#(6,")C,5#(% #8%,23% 9"'(7% 6O)'"3% E*%8##,F% % \(% #)"% M'*/% M3% ?'6637% E*% Q*',,%'(7%5,6%"3C3(,%"3(#=',5#(%M3"3% 25>2@*% ,23% e3$'@% J,',f"W% L)@,)"'@% L3(,3"% '(7% ,23% C#(,3(,5#)6% 566)36P% G23*% $'*% E3%O)#,37%'6% J,',f"W% :5E"'"*/% ,M#% $#73"(56,% @'(7$'"W6% $'b#"% 3X'$?@36% #8% N6,'(E)@`6% (3#T@5E3"'@% #8% 6,',3T@37% ?)E@5C% )"E'(%73=3@#?$3(,F% G23% ,)"(% 5(% )"E'(% ?@'((5(>/% ('$3@*% ,23% G'cWdc@'% L'$?)6% 2#)636% ,23% !'C)@,*% #8% C#(C3",37% C#T#?3"',5#(% #8% 5(,3"(',5#('@% J"C25,3C,)"3/%,23%N(6,5,),3%#8%B#C5'@% BC53(C36% 3(,3"?"5636% M5,2% $)(5C5?'@% '(7% 8373"'@% '(7%,23%!5(3%J",6%K3?'",$3(,F%N,%)637%,#% E3% 'C,#"6%M23(%5,%C#$36%,#%'665>(5(>%,23%8),)"3% '% $5@5,'"*% E'""'CW6% 5(%,23% \,,#$'(%3"'% '(7% 73=3@#?$3(,%#8%,23%C5,*`6%?"5$3%?"3$5636F ,#7'*%56%#(3%#8%,23%$#6,%"3(#M(37%256,#"5C'@% E)5@75(>6% 5(% N6,'(E)@F% Q#M3=3"/% 5,6% 6@5>2,@*% G23% ?"363(,',5#(% 5,63@8% M'6% '% >3(3"'@% ")(T7#M(% C@'665C56,% 8'g'73% 6,'(76% 5(% G256% 5(,"#7)C,5#(% ,#% ,23% )"E'(% 73=3@#?$3(,% #8% N6,'(E)@/% '77"3665(>% ,2"33% $'5(% 7#$'5(6/%
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8 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis !
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9 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis !
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10 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis !
Chapter 1: Architecture of Power
Photo: Cindy Nino
The distribution of power is a key element to Strategic Planning in the grasp the way Istanbul’s governance is organized. But one needs to go deeper than a mere diagram Metropolitan Region of of competences; some relations are not formal, Istanbul: The Role and yet, they are crucial. This is what we came across during our meeting with the IMP (Istanbul Challenges of Planning in the Metropolitan Planning), which was created as a Metropolis of Istanbul “mediator”, facilitating meetings among decision- makers. This example embodies the coordination problem that such a large metropolis has to deal Istanbul Metropolitan Planning & Urban with, because power is distributed between the Design Center municipal authorities, the governorate and the January 10, 2012 national government. To this architecture have to be added more political actors, such as NGOs and international organizations, which intervene in the !"#$%#&'()'%*#'+#%",-,./%$0'+10/2/-$./%)'/0' assistance to international migrants and refugees 3445' /0' ,"&#"' 6%,' 7("/089' $0' #0&' %,' %*#' for example. Another perspective to take into -",(.#:;' ,<'=;%$0(1.>?'@'%*#'=+A'$;;1:#;' $' account while trying to unpack power relations in 2#0%"$.' ",.#' <,"' %*#' ;%"$%#8/2' B/;/,0' ,<' Istanbul is the role of AKP, as it has been -.$00/08' C/%*/0' %*#' 2/%)D' E#' :#%' C/%*' F"D' underlined in a presentation at the Şehir G.$;' HI/0' ,0' J$01$")' ?4%*' %,' &/;21;;' %*#' University. The main feature that arises from these ;%$%#',<'-.$00/08@'%*#'",.#',<'%*#'=+A@'$0&'%*#' different analyses is of crucial importance at the 2*$..#08#;'$*#$&'<,"'1"($0'&#B#.,-:#0%' /0' national level, all the more that Prime Minister =;%$0(1.D Erdogan is the former mayor of Istanbul. !"#$%$"&'(&)'*"+,'"-'%.,'/0!
1 Statement by the current mayor Kadir Topbaş. Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (http://www.ibb.gov.tr/en-US/Pages/Haber.aspx? NewsID=153)
11 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis !
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2 See Gektürk et al. 2010: 16. Orienting Istanbul. Cultural Capital of Europe?
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Istanbul City of Intersections. 4 ibid 13 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis ! ;##I#";' *$B#' $22#;;' %,' ($;/2' *1:$0' "/8*%;' $0&@' :,"#' (",$&.)@' %,' %*#' $;).1:' ;);%#:D' Immigration and Refugees in H<%#"'-",2#;;/08'$0'$--./2$%/,0@'GhV!i'%"/#;' Istanbul, IOM and UNHCR %,' T/0&' $' 6&1"$(.#' ;,.1%/,0>' <,"' #B#")' January 11, 2012 IOM, Helen Nilsson K*#' =g+' N=0%#"0$%/,0$.' g"8$0/X$%/,0' <,"' +/8"$%/,0O'$0&'GhV!i'NG0/%#&'h$%/,0;'V/8*' !,::/;;/,0#"' <,"' i#<18##;O@' /0%",&12#&' ()' V#.#0'h/.;;,0'$0&'d./<'a#.#0'H)'"#;-#2%/B#.)@' $"#' %C,' /0%#"0$%/,0$.' ,"8$0/X$%/,0;' %*$%' C,"I' %,' -",%#2%'$0&'$;;/;%' $;).1:';##I#";@' "#<18##;@' $0&' ,%*#"' /0%#"0$%/,0$.' :/8"$0%;D' V#.#0'h/.;;,0'/;'%*#'*#$&',<'%*#'=;%$0(1.'10/%' <,"' =g+' $0&' d./<' a#.#0' H)' /;' ' $' ;#0/,"' Photo: Arthur Crestani -",%#2%/,0'$;;/;%$0%'$%'GhV!iD "#<18##D' =%' 2$0' (#' %*",18*' B,.10%##"' K1"I#)'"$%/T/#&'%*#'?cW?'b#0#B$'!,0B#0%/,0' "#-$%"/$%/,0' N%*,18*' %*#;#' 2$;#;' $"#' "$"#O@' $0&' %*#' ?cjk' A",%,2,.' ,0' i#<18##;' (1%@' .,2$.' /0%#8"$%/,0' NC*/2*' /;' 0,%' -,;;/(.#' /0' 8/B#0'/%;'.,2$%/,0@' /%' $;I#&'<,"'$0'$&&/%/,0$.' :,;%' 2$;#;' (#2$1;#' ,<' %*#' 8#,8"$-*/2$.' -$"$8"$-*' I0,C0' $;' %*#' 8#,8"$-*/2$.' ./:/%$%/,0O@' ,"':,;%' ,<%#0@' "#;#%%.#:#0%'/0'$' ./:/%$%/,0D' =0'K1"I#)@' $0'$;).1:';##I#"'C*,' %*/"&' 2,10%")D' Q#<,"#' %*#' "#;#%%.#:#0%@' ,(%$/0;' "#<18##' ;%$%1;' 2$0' ,0.)' ;%$)' /0' "#<18##;'$"#';#0%'%,'$';$%#../%#'2/%)'%*$%'%*#)' K1"I#)' /<' *#l;*#' 2,:#;' <",:' $' 2,10%")' &,' 0,%' 2*,,;#'$0&' <",:' C*/2*'%*#)' 2$00,%' C/%*/0' %*#' !,102/.' ,<' d1",-#D' =<' 0,%@' %*#' :,B#',1%D'=;%$0(1.'/;'0,%'$';$%#../%#'2/%)@' (1%' "#<18##' *$;' %,' %*#'"#<18##'-,-1.$%/,0'%*#"#'/;'#;%/:$%#&'%,' (#' "#;#%%.#&' (#' $",10&' 3@444' (#2$1;#' GhV!i' &,#;0^%' UNHCR, Elif Selen Ay /0' $' %*/"&' -",B/&#' T/0$02/$.' ;1--,"%D' =0' /%;' =;%$0(1.' 2 , 1 0 % " )' P' , 14 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis ! �/#&' $;).1:';##I#";' (1%' %,&$)@' /%' /;',-#0' =g+'K1"I#)'*$;' $.;,'2"#$%#&'%*"##';*#.%#";@' %,'/..#8$.':/8"$0%;'C*,'&,0^%'*$B#'%*#':#$0;' ,0#',<'C*/2*'/;'/0'=;%$0(1.D' %,' "#%1"0' %,' %*#/"' *,:#' 2,10%"/#;D' =g+' /0%#"B#0#;' %,' $;;/;%' %*#:' ()' &"$<%/08' $' K*#'$/:',<'%*#;#';*#.%#";'/;' %,' ,<<#"'$'-.$2#' 2$"##"' -",\#2%@' $22,:-$0)/08' %*#:' %,' %*#' <,"' -#,-.#' %,' ;%$)' C*/.#' %*#)' $"#' /0' %*#' $/"-,"%@' $0&' ;#%%/08' 1-' $' -/2IP1-' $%' %*#' -",2#;;' ,<' (#/08' .#8$..)' "#2,80/X#&' $;' $/"-,"%' ,<' $""/B$.D' =0' =;%$0(1.@' <",:' B/2%/:;' ,<'*1:$0' %"$ 15 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis ! %$2%/2;D' K*#)' 2$0' ,0.)' #U#"2/;#' $' B$"/#%)' ,<' -"$2%/2#;' %*$%' $"#' "#81.$%#&' ()' ;%"$%#8/#;D' Religion and Politics in K*#"#'/;'$.C$);'",,:'<,"'$'<,":',<'("/2,.$8#@' Contemporary Turkey ,-#0'C/0&,C;'%*$%'%*#'/0&/B/&1$.;'2$0'\1:-' /0%,'%,'2"#$%#'0#C':,&$./%/#;',<'$2%/,0D' January 10, 2012 Ferhat Kentel, Sociologist at Şehir K*/;' <"$:#C,"I@' %*,18*' */8*.)' %*#,"#%/2$.@' University %1"0;' ,1%' %,' (#' */;' ($;/;' <,"' $0$.)X/08' K1"I#)^;' */;%,")' %*",18*,1%' %*#' 34%*' a#*/"' G0/B#";/%)' B/;/%' C$;' I/0&.)' ,"8$0/X#&' 2#0%1")D'=<'%*#'2,0T./2%' (#%C##0'"#./8/,0'$0&' ()' A", 16 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis ! "#./8/,1;':/0,"/%/#;'&#B#.,-#&'6%$2%/2;>'%,'(#' H;' %*#'=;.$:/2' <,"2#',-#0#&'$'C/0&,C' <,"'$' $(.#'%,@'$%'T/";%@'-"$2%/2#'"#./8/,1;'21.%;D'K*#0@' :,"#' /0&/B/&1$..)P,"/#0%#&' ;,2/#%)@' /%' %*#;#' 0#C' 2,::10/%/#;' :$0$8#&' %,' ,<<#"' -$"$&,U/2$..)' #02,1"$8#&' %*#' &#B#.,-:#0%' 0#C' :,&$./%/#;' ,<' (#/08@' C/%*/0' $' ;#21.$"' ,<' $' K1"I/;*' :,&#"0/%)@' $' 6-",&12%' ,<' "#-1(./2@' 0#C' ;-$2#;' ,<' #U-"#;;/,0' $0&' /0&/B/&1$.'%$2%/2;D>'' ;,2/$./X/08D' H<%#"' ;#B#"$.' $%%#:-%;@' %*#' =;.$:/2' :,B#:#0%@' ,"' "$%*#"' /%;' <,..,C#";@' ?.,'?.,6;$)"6$(&'0,%(@."6' -#$I#&'C/%*'/%;'$22#;;'%,', 17 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis Chapter 2: Istanbul: A Model City of the Future Photo: Cindy Nino In 2010, Istanbul was designated as the European Capital of Culture, and in 2012, it has become the European Capital of Sport. These two examples, as well as the construction of a World Trade Center, near Atatürk Airport, where the municipality located the Istanbul development Agency, show the metropolis’s strategy to become what Saskia Sassen would call a “global city”. In this section, we will focus on the different layers of the global city approach: first, by looking at the economic aspect, then at the cultural side. We will finish by a report on the geopolitical role of Istanbul, and the way it fosters its role of a “city of intersection” (Yakiş). Istanbul Development Mr. Onur Partal Agency Speaker: Onur Partal January 13, 2012 !"#$ %&'()*+,$ -#.#,/01#)'$ 23#)45$ 6%7!829$ :&$,/4('#;$:)$'"#$"#(<'$/=$'"#$+0>();>4/1:)3$ -?)5($!:4(<#'$@# 18 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis %&'()*+,$K+&:)#&&$J#)'#<$&'();$'(,,$();$L:<1$ '<()&0(<#)45$ :)$ '"#$ 0/,:45$ 1(A:)3$ ();$ /)$'"#$=(&'>4"()3:)3$ &A5,:)#$/=$'"#$4:'5E$!"#$ ;#4:&:/)$1(A:)3$0 %)4<#(&:)3,5C$ G#$(<#$*#3:)):)3$'/$&##$($&":='$ (<<()3#1#)'&$ <#N+:<#;$ '/$ 1##'$ OP$ '/G(<;&$ )#'G/ !"#$(3#)45$:&$4/10/&#;$/=$#:3"'$&#('&$G":4"$ %)$'"#$,(&'$L:)()4:(,$5#( 19 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis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stanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis %)$ '":&$ 4/)'#V'$ /=$ '<()&=/<1(':/)C$ '"#$ 1()(3#1#)'$ /=$ '"#$ 4:'5$ G(&C$ :)$ _?1?`D$ Istanbul as a Global Capital G/<;&C$ 1( 244/<;:)3$'/!@ QA+(A%+=. )B. -2+. 3//"+. )B. N"0-"(40. ')0%,D. %#. 3/-4#5"0.>%#,+.-2+.9R88/ @ 21 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis @%H.4#$. '"(J)/+. )B.-2+.7898.6+$+A+0)JH+#-. <#)/.(':/)$/=$'"#$&:'#$G:'"$=+);:)3$= ;#&:3)#;$ (&$ ($ Z4,(&&:4[$ '<()&0/<'(':/)$ 5#(<$ )#3/':(':/)C$ 1()(3#;$ '/$ 4/).:)4#$ '"#$ 0 _?1?`D$ /<3():B(':/)$ +);#<'//A$ '"#$ 1(A#<&$ '"('$ '"#$ ":&'/<5$ /=$%&'()*+,$ ;:;$ )/'$ 22 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis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stanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis K/&0"/<+&C$ G":4"$ 4/))#4'&$ '"#$ K,(4A$ 7#($ The Geopolitical Role of ();$ '"#$ @(<1(<($ 7#(E$ !"#$ 4:'5$ :&$ ;:.:;#;$ :)'/$ ($ O+2)('/,:()$ &:;#E$ %'$ :&$ *+:,'$ :)$ ($ 0#<=#4'$ Speaker: Dr. Yaşar Yakiş, Former Minister &'<('#3:4$ ,/4(':/)$ (&$ :'$ :&$ #(&:,5$ ;#=#);(*,#C$ of Foreign Affairs of Turkey "(&$ ()$:;#(,$4,:1('#C$ ();$"(&$.#<5$<:4"$();$ January 10, 2012 3#)#0/,:':4(,$ 1(0C$ "(.#$ -2+.h40L4#/U.4#$.-2+. P%$$0+.M4/-O.3/-4#5"0.%/. *#4/1:)3$:)4<#(&:)3,5$:10/<'()'E$ !"#<#$"(&$ 40/). -2+. &4-+L++J+(. )B. -2+. )#0D. /+4=4D. *##)$($;<(1(':4$:)4<#(&#$:)$!+ 24 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis 3,/*(,$ 1( 25 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis O+$ *#:)3$ /)$ '"#$ '"()$*#=/<#$ 63:.#)$'"#$4+<<#)'$ 4<:&:&$ :)$ '"#$ '<()&:'$W+&&:()$<#,(':/)&$'"()A&$ G/<,;H&$]l'"$,(<3#&'$_-^>^^^C$ ();$:'&$5#(<,5$ '/$ &:3):L:4()'$ :).#&'1#)'&$ :)$ W+&&:($ *5$ #4/)/1:4$31#@(A)-) 26 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis Chapter 3: Weaving the Urban Fabric: Neighborhoods and Urban Development Photo: Caroline Guillet As we made our way through the city, some abandoned buildings in ruin caught our eye, and revealed themselves to be a highly prevalent issue in Istanbul. As in many other metropolises, housing is a major concern, but in Istanbul urban redevelopment projects are central to the politics of the city, as we saw in the report on the IMP. Moreover, they are closely linked to immigration issues, as some projects directly affect cosmopolitan neighborhoods and communities such as the Roma people. Communities and cultures are thus another contentious topic, that we will explore through the visit of a community center and a Greek School. Is Istanbul as cosmopolitan as it tried to portray itself to be? Networks, in a more literal sense, will be the last focus of this section, as it will be devoted to water management. All these different aspects of urban development put an emphasis on the central role of national government and the crucial role played by AKP in the governance of Istanbul. =*0($% ;&#,4<% #(% !6+-#$":% !"*% ,9'% /*&,6+*+$% Urban Development in a 9*+*% >+')*$$'+% ?6+0,% @A3*(B5% "*08% ')% ,"*% 2+C0(% D,68#*$% E*$*0+&"% F*(,*+5% 0(8% G80% Globalizing Informal City HA&*$'45% )+'=% ,"*% I*.0+,=*(,%')% D'&#'/'J4:% İstanbul Şehir Üniversitesi (Altunizade !"*% /*&,6+*% .+'3#8*8% 0(% "#$,'+#&0/% campus) .*+$.*&,#3*% ')% ,"*% 6+C0(% 8*3*/'.=*(,% January 10, 2012 .+'&*$$% )+'=% KLMM% 6(,#/% ,'8045% 9#,"% 0% .0+,#&6/0+% )'&6$% '(% ,"*% *3'/6,#'(% ')% #()'+=0/#,4% #(% ,"*% &#,4:% N$,0(C6/O$% +*&*(,% !"#$% &'()*+*(&*% ,''-% ./0&*% 0,% 1*"#+% "#$,'+4% &0(% C*% +'6J"/4% 8#3#8*8% #(,'% )'6+% 2(#3*+$#,45% 0% )'6+74*0+7'/8% $'�/% $&#*(&*$% .*+#'8$5% 86+#(J% 9"#&"% )'6+% 8#))*+*(,% #($,#,6,*%9#,"%0(%#(,*+(0,#'(0/%$&'.*:%;1*"#+<5% ;N$,0(C6/$<%"03*%,0-*(%$"0.*: 27 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis )+'=% '(*% =#//#'(% #("0C#,0(,$% #(% KLMM5% ,'% Housing and Urban WMM5MMM% C4% KLXM:% !"*% &'$='.'/#,0(% &"0+0&,*+% ')% ,"*% &#,4% 90$% $#=6/,0(*'6$/4% Redevelopment Projects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�/% $6..'+,% )+'=% ,"*% 2(#,*8% D,0,*$% ,"+'6J"% ,"*% ?0+$"0//% >/0(:% T=*+#&0($% (',0C/4% .+'3#8*8% ,"'6$0(8$% ')% ,+0&,'+$% )'+% 0J+#&6/,6+*:% !"*% #(,+6$#'(% ')% $6&"% (*9% 0J+#&6/,6+0/% ,*&"('/'J#*$% J*(*+0,*8% Photo: Caroline Guillet #(0&,#3#,45%0(8%=0(4%.*0$0(,$%"08%,'%='3*%,'% ,"*% &#,4:% T,% ,"*% $0=*% ,#=*5% ,"*% !6+-#$"% 06,"'+#,#*$% /06(&"*8% 0(% *+0% ')% !"#$%&'()$'*$+"#$,-(&)$..+"$/#0+1() 8*3*/'.=*(,0/#$=% 86+#(J% 9"#&"% "6J*% N(%KLMM5%N$,0(C6/%0..*0+*8%0$%0%3*+4%='8*+(% #(3*$,=*(,$% #(% #(86$,+4% 9*+*% =08*% #(% &#,4%0(8%,"*%&0.#,0/% ')%0%.+*$,#J#'6$%*=.#+*:% !6+-#$"% &#,#*$% 0(85% ='+*% .0+,#&6/0+/45% #(% !*&"('/'J#&0/% 0&"#*3*=*(,$% $6&"% 0$% ,"*% N$,0(C6/:% !"*$*% .'/#&#*$% &06$*8% 0% +08#&0/% .+'3#$#'(%')%*/*&,+#&#,45%,"*%&'($,+6&,#'(%')%0% /'(J7,*+=% 0/,*+0,#'(% ')% 6+C0(% $.0&*% 0(8% ,+0=904% /#(*5% 0(8%,"*%#(&+*0$*8%030#/0C#/#,4% $#(&*% ,"*% KL[M$5% N$,0(C6/% "0$% *R.*+#*(&*8% ')%.6C/#&% 90,*+% ,+0($)'+=*8%N$,0(C6/% 0$% ,"*% =0$$#3*5%&'(,#(6'6$%6+C0(%J+'9,":% $"'9&0$*% ')% ,"*% P,,'=0(% G=.#+*:% D#=6/,0(*'6$/45%,"*%Q#(0(�/%&'=./*R%')%,"*% Y'9*3*+5%,"*%&#,4%8#8%(',%$.+09/%#(%,"*%$0=*% &#,4% 8*3*/'.*8% S6#&-/4% 0(8% N$,0(C6/% 904% ,"0,% T=*+#&0(% &#,#*$% 8#8:% P(% ,"*% *R.*+#*(&*8% =0$$#3*% .+'&*$$*$% ')% &'(,+0+45% ,"*%J+'9,"% ,''-% ./0&*%0,% ,"*% &'+*% 0&&6=6/0,#'(% ')% &0.#,0/:% T,% ,"0,% ,#=*5% ')% ,"*% &#,4% 0(8% &*(,+0/% (*#J"C'+"''8$% N$,0(C6/%6$*8%,'%C*%0%3*+4%&'$='.'/#,0(%&#,4% C*&0=*% ='+*% 0(8% ='+*% &'(8*($*8:% N(% 9#,"% 0(% #=.'+,0(,% =#R% ')% U*9#$"5% @+**-5% .0+0//*/5%,"*%.+'3#$#'(%')%)0&#/#,#*$%0(8%.6C/#&% T+=*(#0(%0(8%!6+-#$"%?6$/#=%&'==6(#,#*$:% $*+3#&*$% +*=0#(*8% +0,"*+% .''+:% Y*(&*5% #()'+=0/% 0&,#3#,#*$% 0..*0+*8% 0$% 0(% 2#+3##0$+"#$!3'$4'(&5$4-(67$!"#$8#9&:0#; 0/,*+(0,#3*%0($9*+%,'%,"*%8*J+080,#'(%')%,"*% T),*+% ,"*% 8#$=0(,/*=*(,% ')% ,"*% P,,'=0(% S60/#,4% ')% /#)*:% \6#/8#(J$% 9*+*% #//*J0//4% G=.#+*5%N$,0(C6/% *(,*+*8%0%80+-% .*+#'8:%!"*% '&&6.#*85% 0%30$,% $4$,*=% ')%$"0+*8%,0R#$% 90$% &#,4%/'$,% #,$% .+*$,#J*5% 0$%T(-0+0% C*&0=*% ,"*% '+J0(#]*8% ,'% &'.*% 9#,"% ,"*% 0C$*(&*% ')% 0(% (*9% .'/#,#&0/% &0.#,0/% ')% ,"*% E*.6C/#&% ')% *)Q#&#*(,%.6C/#&%,+0($.'+,0,#'(%(*,9'+-5% 0(8% !6+-*4:%!"*%0='6(,%')%&'==*+�/%0&,#3#,#*$% #()'+=0/% $,+**,% 3*(8'+$% C*&0=*% $"+6(-% 0(8%=0(4% #(3*$,'+$% /*),% ,"*%&#,4:% N(% 8*,*+=#(0(,%0&,'+$% #(%,"*%8*/#3*+4%')%J''8$% .0+0//*/5% ,"*% S60/#,4% 0(8% S60(,#,4% ')% .6C/#&% ,'%&#,#]*($:%!"*%#()'+=0/%*&'('=4%0..*0+*85% )0&#/#,#*$% 8*&+*0$*8:% G3*(% ,"*% .'.6/0,#'(% 0,% ,"0,% ,#=*5% 0$% 0(% #(3*(,#3*% $,+0,*J4% ,'% 8*&/#(*8V%%N$,0(C6/O$%.'.6/0,#'(%&'//0.$*8% $6+3#3*%#(%N$,0(C6/:% 28 Istanbul 2012 - 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Governing the Large Metropolis .#'6$% T+=*(#0(% &'==6(#,4% /#3#(J% ,"*+*5% Presentation and Discussion +*.+*$*(,*8% C4% +*/#J#'6$% $&"''/$% 0(8% T+=*(#0(% 0$$'�,#'($:% !"*% T+=*(#0(% of the Kumkapi District 8#0$.'+0% #$% 0(% #=.'+,0(,% /'&0/% &'==6(#,4% 8*$.#,*%*,"(#&%&'(,+'3*+$#*$: Speaker: Fabio Solomoni, researcher % January 11, 2012 \',"% 0+*0$% 0/$'% 8#$./04% P,,'=0(% "*+#,0J*% 9#,"% ,"*% .+*$*(&*% ')% !6+-#$"% C0,"$% `8#$0..*0+#(J% 9#,"% ,"*% &'($,+6&,#'(% ')% 90,*+%.#.*$a5% 0(8%,+0&*$%')%,"*%=6/,#&6/,6+0/% !'$ 105#(6+-05$ +"#$ &-+#6+$ +(-06*'(C-+:'0$ '*$ 0$.*&,% ')% ,"*% *=.#+*% `*:J% \6/J0+#0(% $"'.$% B6+-0H1&I$ :+$ :6$ ":J"&)$ :0+#(#6+:0J$ +'$ -5'K+$ -$ 0(8%C6$#(*$$*$a: K'K1&-+:'0$ C'G#C#0+L6$ K#(6K#9+:G#I$ 0'+-H&)$ % H#9-16#$ '*$ +"#$ #C:J(-+:'0$ K"#0'C#0'0$ +'$ I#))*+*(&*$%C*,9**(%f6=-0.#%0(8%!0+/0C0v# !1(M#)$-6$3#&&$ -6$+"-+$ '*$:0+#(0-&$C:J(-+:'0I$ % 3":9"$ 6+-(+#5$ :0$ +"#$ #-(&)$ =>@N6$ 3:+"$ +"#$ !"*% 8#))*+*(&*$% C*,9**(% f6=-0.#% 0(8% 1(H-0:O-+:'0$K('9#66$-05$#PK-05#5$:0$+"#$QN6$ !0+/0C0vx%/#*%#(%,"*#+%+*$.*&,#3*%J*'J+0."#&0/% -05$ >N6$ 3"#0$ B6+-0H1&$ H#9-C#$ -$ 6#++&#C#0+$ $*,,#(J$:%f6=-0.#%#$%/'&0,*8%#(%,"*%"#$,'+#&0/% K&-9#$*'($(#*1J##6; &#,45% ,"0,% #$% ,'% $045% &/'$*% ,'% #(86$,+#0/% 0(8% % &'==*+�/% 0+*0$:% \*&06$*% ')% ,"*% !6+-#$"% *&'('=4% C*&'=#(J% *R.'+,7'+#*(,*8% 0),*+% ,"*%WM$5%f6=-0.#% C*(*Q#,*8%)+'=%0%$.#//'3*+% Fabio Solomoni *))*&,5%6(/#-*%!0+/0C0v#5%0$%,"*%)'+=*+%#$%&/'$*% ,'%T-$0+0#%0(8%i0/*/#: % f6=-0.#%#$%0%./0&*%=0+-*8%C4%#(,*+(0,#'(0/% =#J+0,#'(5% 0(8% +*&*#3*$% =0(4% !6+-#$"% =#J+0(,$% )+'=% &*(,+0/% T(0,'/#0:% N,% "0$% 0/$'% +*&*(,/4% C*&'=*% 0% ./0&*% ')% $*,,/*=*(,% )'+% #(,*+(0/% =#J+0,#'(% Q/'9$% ')% f6+8#$"% .*'./*% `*(8%')% ,"*% LM$a5% ,+#JJ*+#(J% 0% Q/'6+#$"#(J% #(% ,"*% C6#/8#(J% ')%$"'*% 0(8% &/',"#(J% )0&,'+#*$:% f6=-0.#% +*=0#(*8% /0+J*/4% +*$#8*(,#0/% 6(,#/% ,"*% KLWM$% 0(8% 90$% ,+0($)'+=*8% #(,'% 0% Photo: Arthur Crestani .+'86&,#'(n&'==*+�/% ]'(*% 0),*+90+8$5% 9"*+*0$%!0+/0C0v#%+*=0#(*8%+*$#8*(,#0/:%!"*% @+**-% 0(8% T+=*(#0(% C6#/8#(J$% 0(8% E*&*(,% Y#$,'+4% ')% f6=-0.#% 0(8% !0+/0C0v#% _% $*,,/*=*(,$% 9*+*% .+'J+*$$#3*/4% 0C0(8'(*8% !9'% e*#J"C'+"''8$% ,"0,% 0+*% E*J6/0+/4% #(%,"*%8#$,+#&,: T$$'�,*8 % % f6=-0.#% $/'9/4% C*&0=*% 0% =6/,#)6(&,#'(0/% N(#,#0//45% ,"*% ,9'% 0+*0$% 9*+*% #("0C#,*8% C4% (*#J"C'+"''85%,"0(-$%,'%#(86$,+45%C6,%0/$'%,'% @+**-% 0(8% T+=*(#0(% =#J+0(,$% 9"'% ,"*%"6J*% #(,*+(0/% =#J+0,#'(%Q/'9$% 7%(',0C/4% *3*(,60//4% =#J+0,*8%*/$*9"*+*% 7%,"*% @+**-$% )+'=%,"*%f6+8#$"%+*J#'(%#(%,"*%KL^M$:%Z"#/*% ='$,/4% +*,6+(#(J% C0&-% ,'% ,"*#+% =',"*+/0(8:% "03#(J% 0%/''-%0,% f6=-0.#O$% C6#/8#(J$5% ,"*+*% !"*% KL[M$% ,"*(% =0+-*8% ,"*% C*J#((#(J% ')% #$% 0% &/*0+% ;$,+0,'J+0."4<% ,"0,% &0(% C*% #(,*+(0/% =#J+0,#'(% #(% !6+-*4% 86*% ,'% ,"*% 'C$*+3*8% ,"+'6J"% ,"*% $6&&*$$#3*% 903*$% ')% 6+C0(#]0,#'(%.+'&*$$%')%,"*%&'6(,+45%,6+(#(J% =#J+0,#'($:% d6(&,#'($% ')%,"*% (*#J"C'+"''8$% f6=-0.#% 0(8% !0+/0C0v#% #(,'% ./0&*$% )'+% &0(% C*% &/*0+/4% #8*(,#Q#*85% 0$% 0+&"#,*&,6+*% =#J+0(,$% 0(8%+*)6J**$:% !"*% .0,+#0+&"%"'/8$% 8*.*(8$%'(%&*+,0#(%.*+#'8$%0(8%0/$'%+*Q/*&,$% 0(% #=.'+,0(&*% ./0&*% #(% ,"*$*% ,9'% (*#J"C'+"''8$5% 0$% ,"*+*% #$% 0(% *R,+*=*/4% 34 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis 0(%*,"(#&%=0..#(J%')%./0&*$%0(8%0&,#3#,#*$%#(% =#J+0,#(J% )'+% ;$6#,&0$*7,+08*<% .6+.'$*$5% ,"*%(*#J"C'+"''8: &0//#(J% )'+% 0(% #()'+=0/% =0+-*,% *&'('=4:% T% % )*9% .+'Q#/*$%')%=#J+0(,$% &0(%C*%8+09(%$6&"% !"*% ,'.'(4=4% ')% ,"*% ./0&*% #$% 0% +*3*0/#(J% 0$% T+=*(#0(% 9'=*(% 9#,"% 4'6(J% &"#/8+*(% */*=*(,:% d+'=%\6/J0+#0(%,'% f6+8#$"%(0=*$5% 0(8%=#J+0(,$%)+'=%,"*%)'+=*+%D'3#*,%2(#'(: ,"*%#(Q/6*(&*$%')%=#J+0,#'(%0+*%.*+30$#3*%#(% % ./0&*7(0=#(J:% P,"*+% J/'C0/% ,+*(8$% $6&"% 0$% f6=-0.#%#$% 0/$'%0%./0&*%)'+%)06/,%+*$#8*(&*$% J/'C0/#]0,#'(%#(,+'86&*8%,"*%.'.6/0+%6$*%')% `6(/#-*% !0+/0C0v#a% 0(8% )'+&*8% +*$#8*(&*$% N,0/#0(% (0=*$% C4% &/',"#(J% 0(8% $"'*% $"'.$% `c0#/$5% 8*,*(,#'(% &*(,*+$5% *,&:a:% 0(8% )0&,'+#*$% 0$% !6+-#$"% &6$,'=*+$% 0(8% 2(8'&6=*(,*8% =#J+0(,$% &06J",% C4% ,"*% .+'86&*+$%$09%,"*=%0$%0%J60+0(,**%')%J''8% N$,0(C6/% .'/#&*% )'+&*% 0+*% ./0&*8% #(% 0% S60/#,4%0(8%$0/*$: 8*,*(,#'(% &*(,*+5% $#,60,*8% #(% ,"*% =#88/*% ')% % ,"*%f6=-0.#%8#$,+#&,5% 9"#&"%90$%*$,0C/#$"*8% !(-06*'(C-+:'0$'*$R1CM-K:7$ #(%gMMW%#(%0(%'/8%T+=*(#0(%$&"''/: <$D&-9#$'*$S-H'($-05$/'CC#(9# E*J0+8#(J% ,"*% #(3'/3*=*(,% ')% ,"*% \*J#((#(J%#(%,"*%KL^M$5%f6=-0.#%6(8*+9*(,% =6(#&#.0/#,4% #(% ,"*% #(,*J+0,#'(% ')% ,"*$*% =0$$#3*%,+0($)'+=0,#'($%,'%C*&'=*%0(%0+*0% +*$#8*(,$5% ,"*% =6(#&#.0/#,4% 8'*$% /06(&"% ')%,'6+#$,#&%#(,*+*$,:%!"#$%90$%=0#(/4%86*%,'% #(#,#0,#3*$% )'+% #(,*J+0,#'(% ')% ,"*% /'9*+7 ,"*%/'&0,#'(%')%f6=-0.#%0(8%#,$%.+'R#=#,4%,'% &/0$$*$% 0(8% #(,*+(0,#'(0/% =#J+0(,$% $6&"% 0$% ',"*+% =0c'+% ,'6+#$,#&% (*#J"C'+"''8$% ')% $"*/,*+$5% $&"''/$% 0(8% &'==6(#,4% N$,0(C6/:%T$%)0+%0$%6+C0(%$"0.*%#$%&'(&*+(*85% 0$$'�,#'($% 0$% 9*//% 0$% .+')*$$#'(0/% f6=-0.#% "0$% $**(% 0% &"0(J*% #(% C6#/8#(J% #($*+,#'(% 0#8$V% ,"*$*5% ('(*,"*/*$$5% ,0+J*,% 8*$#J($% 0$% 9*//:% !'8045% f6=-0.#% #$% 0% '(/4% 8'&6=*(,*8%=#J+0(,$5% =#$$#(J% 0% J+*0,% .+'86&,#3*%,+08*%&*(,*+5%0%+*$#8*(,#0/%0+*05%0$% .0+,%')%,"*%.'.6/0,#'(%#(%f6=-0.#%C6,%='+*% 9*//% 0$% 0% ./0&*% )'+% +*)6J**$:% >0+,$% ')% #=.'+,0(,/45% #(% !0+/0C0v#:% !"*% J*(*+0/% f6=-0.#% 0+*% S6#,*% 9*//% -('9(5% 0$% ,"*4% 0,,#,68*% #(% N$,0(C6/% 0(8% #(% !6+-*4% #$% ,'% &'(,0#(% $'=*% ')% ,"*% ='$,% .'.6/0+% Q#$"% *(&'6+0J*% 0(8%"*/.%$-#//*8% =#J+0(,$5% 9"#/*% +*$,06+0(,$% 0(8% 8#$&'% C0+$% #(% N$,0(C6/5% /0C'+% =#J+0(,$% 0+*% (',% 0$$#$,*8n9*/&'=*85% 9"#&"%0,,+0&,%#=.'+,0(,%Q/'9$%')%3#$#,'+$: *3*(%,"'6J"%,"*%&'6(,+4%$,#//%(**8$%(0,#'(0/% \4% ,"*% KLLM$5% .*($#'($% 0(8% "'$,*/$% 9*+*% 0(8% '+% #(,*+(0,#'(0/% /0C'+% =#J+0(,$5% *$,0C/#$"*8% )'+% #(,*+(0,#'(0/% =#J+0(,$% 7% .0+,#&6/0+/4%#(%,"*%&'($,+6&,#'(%$*&,'+: =#J+0(,$% )+'=% T$#0% 0(8% ,"*% ?#88/*% G0$,% % ,+0($#,#(J% ,"+'6J"% N$,0(C6/% C*)'+*% <$D&-9#$'*$,0+#(+-:0C#0+$-05$S#:61(# &'(,#(6#(J% ,"*#+% c'6+(*4% 9*$,90+8:% !"*% /0$,% ,+0($)'+=0,#'(% 'C$*+3*8% $"'9$% 0% f6=-0.#% 90$5% C4% ,"*(5% ,"*% &*(,*+% ')% ,"*% (*9% )6(&,#'(0/% &"0(J*%,"+'6J"% ,"*% .+'&*$$% '+J0(#]0,#'(% ')% c'6+(*4$% ,'% N,0/4% 0(8% ',"*+% ')% J*(,+#Q#&0,#'(5% 0$% f6=-0.#% #$% 0% $,+0,*J#&% ?*8#,*++0(*0(% &'6(,+#*$% #(% ,"*% G2:% N(% ,"*% /'&0,#'(% )'+% C6#/8#(J% #()+0$,+6&,6+*% )'+% /0,*% KLLM$5% #(% 088#,#'(% ,'% ,+0($#,% =#J+0(,$5% ,'6+#$=:% 2+C0(% ./0((#(J%#$% J#3#(J% 0% J+*0,*+% /0C'+% =#J+0(,$% )+'=% ,"*% )'+=*+% 2DDE% 0(85% #=.'+,0(&*% ,'% f6=-0.#% #(% ,"*% +*0/=% ')% ='+*%.0+,#&6/0+/45%9'=*(%$*,,/*8%,"*+*:%!"*% ,'6+#$=5% ,+#JJ*+#(J% 0% 3*+4% 84(0=#&% +*0/% /0$,% Q/'9% ')% =#J+0(,$% 'C$*+3*8% 0+*% ,"'$*% *$,0,*%=0+-*,%0$%.*'./*%,+4%,'%+*$,'+*5%C6#/85% &'=#(J%)+'=%!6+-=*(#$,0(: 0(8%$*//%"',*/$% 0(8%&+*0,*% 0% $'+,%')%=#J+0(,% % *(,+*.+*(*6+$"#.:% <$D&-9#$'*$!(-06:+'()TD#(C-0#0+$A#6:5#09#6 !"*% +*0/% *$,0,*% =*&"0(#$=$% `*R,+*=*/4% f6=-0.#% #$% (',% '(/4% 0% /0(8% ')% =#J+0,#'(% 3#3#8a% 0+*% 0/+*084% #(% 0&,#'(:% N(,*+*$,#(J/45% &"0+0&,*+#]*8% C4% /0C'+nC6$#(*$$% 0(8%&'(,+0+4%,'%9"0,%9*%"08%$**(%0(8%"*0+8% '..'+,6(#,#*$:% N(8**85% ,"*% /0,*% LM$% $"'9*8% 0C'6,% ',"*+%(*#J"C'+"''8$5% '/8*+%C6#/8#(J$% ,"0,% f6=-0.#% 90$% (',% '(/4% 0% ,+0($#,% 0+*% .+*$*+3*8% 0(8% +*('30,*8:% ?#J+0(,% 8*$,#(0,#'(% C6,% 0/$'% 0% 8*$,#(0,#'(% )'+% /0C'+% *(,+*.+*(*6+$"#.% #$% 0/+*084% &0,&"#(J% =#J+0(,$%)+'=%,"*%)'+=*+%D'3#*,%E*.6C/#&5%0$% J*(,+#Q#&0,#'(O$%C*(*Q#,$V% ,"*% #(,+'86&,#'(%')% 9*//% 0$% C6$#(*$$=*(% )+'=% E6$$#0% `,+08*+$a% )*$,#30/$%$6&"%0$%,"*%\0/#-%`;d#$" 35 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis 0,,+0&,#(J%,'6+#$,$:%N(%,"*%+*0/%*$,0,*%=0+-*,5% f6=-0.#%#$%0%./0&*%')%#(3#$#C#/#,45%9"*+*%,0&#,% 9"0,% #$% .0+,#&6/0+/4% $,+#-#(J% #$% ,"*% 0J+**=*(,$% 0+*% #(% ./0&*% 9#,"% 06,"'+#,#*$% #(,*+3*(,#'(% ')% ,"*% T+=*(#0(% 8#0$.'+0% 8*$.#,*% 0(% '=(#.+*$*(,% $,0,*:% N,% =0-*$% ,"*% C64#(J% +*('30,*8% C6#/8#(J$% #(% ,"*% 0+*0%0%&'=./*R% (*#J"C'+"''8%0(85% ,'% $'=*% (*#J"C'+"''8%0$%0%+*70..+'.+#0,#'(%.+'&*$$% *R,*(,5% 0% .0+08'R#&0/% '(*:% !"*% ')% ,"*% ./0&*:% !"*% $4=C'/$% ')% .+*3#'6$% ,+0($)'+=0,#'(% .6$"*8% C4% ,"*% $,0,*5% +*0/% =#J+0,#'($% 0+*% .+*$*(,% 0(8% #=.'+,0(,_% *$,0,*% 8*3*/'.*+$5% 0(8% ,'6+#$=% #$% +*$#$,*85% f6=-0.#% #$% $**(% 0$% 0% ;$.'(J*<%7% 0% ;/#=#(0/% ,"'6J"%(',%"*087'(:% 0+*0<%9"*+*%.*'./*%0+*%$0)*: % F'(,+0+4% ,'% !0+/0C0v#5% ,"*% 8#$,+#&,% "0$% f6=-0.#O$% $*,,/*=*(,% .0,,*+($% 0..+'0&"% =0(0J*8% ,'% +*=0#(% 84(0=#&5% 9#,"% ,"*% ,"'$*% ')% D'6,"*+(% G6+'.*% 9#,"% ,"*% $0=*% =#R#(J% ')% N$,0(C6/#,*$% 0(8% =#J+0(,$5% .0,,*+($% ')% /0C'+% =#J+0,#'(5% 0(% 0C0(8'(*8% C6$#(*$$*$% 0(8%+*$#8*(&*$:% %N(%0%(*9% *+0%')% &#,4% &*(,*+5% &"*0.% "'6$#(J% '..'+,6(#,#*$5% 6+C0(% 8*3*/'.=*(,5% f6=-0.#% #$% 0% )0$,7&"0(J#(J%0(8%.+'J+*$$#3*%J*(,+#Q#&0,#'(:% =#&+'&'$=% ')% N$,0(C6/% 9"#&"% +*Q/*&,$% !"*% .+'J+0=$% /*8% C4% ,"*% =6(#&#.0/#,4% 30+#'6$% 0(8% #(,+#&0,*% /*3*/$% ')% J'3*+(0(&*5% +*3'/3*%0+'6(8%,"*% 9*/)0+*%')%=#J+0(,$% 0(8% 0(8%9"*+*%0//%0&,'+$%"03*%0%"'/8%'(%8#))*+*(,% +*)6J**$% 9"'% +*.+*$*(,% 0% C#J% .0+,% ')% )0&*,$%')%J'3*+(#(J%.'9*+: f6=-0.#O$%.'.6/0,#'(:% ?6(#&#.0/#,4% .'/#&#*$% % 0+*%0/$'% ,+0($/0,*8% #(,'% 0%.+*$$6+*% ,'% ='3*% )0&,'+#*$%,'%',"*+%#(86$,+#0/%0+*0$5%,+#JJ*+#(J% ,0R%.'/#&4%0(8%.+'.*+,4%+#J",$%#$$6*$: 0;$8'+%<=)+5-)8%/%<=;=')%!)3*5 % % 36 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis Nese Erdilek Cosmopolitan City and the Role of Culture(s) Photo: Arthur Crestani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yMM5MMM%.*'./*:% Photo: Cindy Nino KL^L% $09% 0% .*+#'8% ')% =#J+0,#'(% )+'=% H6J'$/03#05% 0(8%#(%KLLK5% ,"*% d#+$,%@6/)%Z0+% C+'6J",% 0% $#J(#Q#&0(,% N+0S#% =#J+0,#'(% ('+,":% Tarlabaşi Community N,% #$% )'+% ,"*$*% +*0$'($5% 0='(J% ',"*+$5% ,"0,% Center N$,0(C6/%&0(%C*%$**(%0$%"03#(J%%)0//*(%3#&,#=% ,'% ,"*% 3'/0,#/*% J*'.'/#,#&0/% &/#=0,*% ')% ,"*% +*J#'($% #,% C'+8*+$% ,"+'6J"%8#))*+*(,% ."0$*$% Speaker: Ms. Neşe Erdilek, Administrative ')%&'(,*=.'+0+4%"#$,'+4: Coordinator, Center for Migration Research, Istanbul Bilgi University !"*% KL^M$% $09% ,"*% 9#8*$.+*08% January 11, 2012 #=./*=*(,0,#'(% ')% (*'7/#C*+0/% .'/#&#*$% C4% ,"*% &*(,+0/% J'3*+(=*(,5% 0(8% ,"*$*% *(&'6+0J*8% =0$$% +6+0/76+C0(% =#J+0,#'(% 0$% U0$ +"#$ V-01-()$==I$ WN=W$3#$ C#+$3:+"$K#'K&#$ ,"'6$0(8$% .6+$6*8% #(&+*0$*8% c'C% -+$+"#$!-(&-H-X:$/'CC10:+)$/#0+#($+'$5:69166$ '..'+,6(#,#*$:% !"#$% ."*('=*('(5% C+'6J",% :CC:J(-+:'0$ -05$ +(-*Y:9M:0J$ :0I$ +'I$ -05$ '(%C4%0%/'$$%')%c'C$%#(%,"*%0J+#&6/,6+0/%$*&,'+% +"('1J"$ B6+-0H1&;$ !-(&-H-X:$ :6$ -$ 0$% 0% +*$6/,% ')% #=.+'3*8% ,*&"('/'J45% 0#:J"H'("''5$ H'(5#(:0J$ +"#$ 2'6K"'(16$ +"-+$ &'#(*8%9#,"%6(+*$,% 0(8%)'+&*8%=#J+0,#'(% "-6$ &'0J$ H##0$ -66'9:-+#5$ 3:+"$ R1(5:6"$ -05$ #(% ,"*% $'6,"*0$,% ')%,"*% &'6(,+45% $.*&#Q#&0//4% A'C-$:CC:J(-0+$9'CC10:+:#6;$ 9#,"% f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stanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis Tarlabasi Community Center 38 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis !"*%&*(,*+% #$% .+'3#8#(J% '..'+,6(#,#*$% ,'% #,$% =*=C*+$% ,'% .*+)'+=% '(% $,0J*% 86+#(J% )*$,#30/$% #(% ,"*% &'(,*R,% ')% &*+,0#(% &'6+$*$% !"*% &*(,*+% "0$% ,+#*8% ,'% #(,*J+0,*% 9#,"% ,"*% ,"*4% "03*% ,0-*(% 86+#(J% ,"*% 4*0+% $6&"% 0$% &'==6(#,4% /#3#(J% #(% ,"*% !0+/0C0v#% 0+*0% 0(8% =6$#&% 0(8% 8+0=0:% !"*% &*(,*+% "0$% 0+'6(8% #$%('9%/0+J*/4%0&&*.,*8:%!"*%&*(,*+%#$% *#J",4% 0&,#3*% =*=C*+$% 0(8% 0/$'% &'6(,$% ,+4#(J% ,'% $,0(8% 0,% *S60/% 8#$,0(&*% )+'=% #(,*+(0,#'(0/% 3'/6(,**+$5% ='$,% (',0C/4% .'/#,#&0/% .0+,#*$% 0(8% 0$% 0% +*J#$,*+*8% ,"+'6J"% 0(% G+0$=6$% .0+,(*+$"#.:% N,% #$% 0$$'�,#'(V% #,% #$% 9'+-#(J% 9#,"#(% /*J0/% ./0((#(J% ,'% '.*(% &'(3*+$0,#'(% &/0$$*$% )'+% C'6(80+#*$: =0/*$% C*&06$*% =0/*% =#J+0(,$% 0+*% ,"*% /*0$,% .0+,#&#.0,#3*%#(%,"*%/#)*%')%,"*%&*(,*+:% >"4)88+%<7)?+='+3%/%@+='A%B??)3* 39 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis =0(0J*=*(,%')%6+C0(%$.0&*:% Visit of the Karaköy Greek Z*% 9*+*% #(,+'86&*8% ,'% ,"*% $&"''/% 0(8%,"*% Primary School $,0))% ')% ,"*% f0+0-l4% d'6(80,#'(% C4% ?+:% f"'+0(% @6=6$5% 9"'=% 9*%"08%0/+*084% =*,% Speakers: Korhan Gümüş, Architect and ,"+**%804$%*0+/#*+:%Z*%Q#+$,%$,''8%#(%,"*%=0#(% former Director of the Agency for Istanbul "0//5% 0%/0+J*5%*=.,4%+''=%,"0,%90$%8*$#J(*8% 2010; Mrs. Mere, Head of Karaköy ,'% "'$,% .*+)'+=0(&*$% 0(8% ',"*+% &6/,6+0/% Foundation; Mr. Gonsar, Volunteer January 14, 2012 !"*% &#,4% ')% N$,0(C6/% "0$% =08*% 6$*% ')% #,$% &'$='.'/#,0(% "#$,'+4% 0(8% #=0J*% ,'% 8*)*(8% #,$%3#3#8%&6/,6+*%0(8%"*,*+'J*(*'6$%"*+#,0J*:% T,%,"*%&'(Q/6*(&*%')%G6+'.*%0(8%T$#05%#,%"0$% "'$,*8% 8#0$.'+0$% ')% 8#))*+*(,% +*/#J#'($% 0(8% '+#J#($% $#(&*% ,"*% *$,0C/#$"=*(,% ')% ,"*% \4]0(,#(*% G=.#+*:% Z*% 3#$#,*8% ,"*% f0+0-l4% @+**-% .+#=0+4% $&"''/% #(% '+8*+% ,'% Mrs: Mere Map: Olivier Lucas *3*(,$:% !"*% 06$,*+#,4% ')% ,"*% C6#/8#(J% &'(,+0$,*8%9#,"%#,$% $#]*5% 0(8% ,"*%C0/6$,+08*% ,"0,%9*(,%0//%0+'6(8%,"*%+''=%=08*%#,%S6#,*% #=.+*$$#3*:%Z*%,"*(%.+'&**8*8%,'%,"*%6..*+% Q/''+$5%,"+'6J"%,"*%'/8%$,0#+904%,'%'(*%')%,"*% )*9%+''=$%$,#//%)6+(#$"*8:%!"+'6J"%,"*%'.*(% 8''+$% '(*% &'6/8% $**% C*8$% ,"0,% =6$,% "03*% C**(%,"'$*%')%,"*%.6.#/$5% *3'&0,#3*%')%0(%'/8% Photo: Arthur Crestani C'0+8#(J% $&"''/:% !"*% $*3*+#,4% ')%,"*%$,0,6*% ')% T,0,A+-5% #(% ,"*% &'++#8'+5% 90$% +0,"*+% 6(8*+$,0(8%"'9% ,"*$*%8#0$.'+0$%&'(,+#C6,*% 6($*,,/#(J5%*$.*�//4%9#,"%,"*%=0(4%!6+-#$"% ,'%,"*%J'3*+(0(&*%')%,"*%&#,45% 0(8%"'9%,"*4% Q/0J$%./0&*8%0+'6(8%#,:% #(,*+0&,% 0(8% (*J',#0,*% 9#,"% ,"*% /'&0/% !"*%f0+0-l4%@+**-%.+#=0+4%$&"''/%90$%C6#/,% 06,"'+#,#*$% ,'% J0#(% 06,'('=4:% !"*% *R0=./*% #(% KLKM% '(% f*=*+0/,x% F088*$#5% #(% ,"*% ')%,"*%@+**-% &'==6(#,4%#$% "#J"/4%#(8#&0,#3*% (*#J"C'+"''8% ')% @0/0,07f0+0-l4:% !"#$% ')%,"*%"#$,'+4%')%*,"(#&%=#('+#,#*$%$#(&*% ,"*% &*(,+0/% (*#J"C'+"''8% "0$% C**(% 083*(,% ')% ='8*+(% !6+-*4:% d'//'9#(J% ,"*% &"0+0&,*+#]*8% C4% *0+/4% #(86$,+#0/% +*/0,#3*%8*=#$*%')%,"*%(0,#'(0/#$,%0(8%$*&6/0+% 8*3*/'.=*(,% 0(8% 0)Q/6*(&*5% (',% )0+% )+'=% 8#$&'6+$*% ')% ,"*% ='8*+(% D,0,*% '(% ,"*% !0-$#=%DS60+*5% @0/0,0%0(8%D6/,0(0"=*,% `&):% !6+-#$"% 6(#,45% &'(,*=.'+0+4% N$,0(C6/% #$% =0.a:% T,% ,"#$% ,#=*5% ,"*% (*#J"C'+"''8% 90$% )0&#(J% 0J0#(% ,"*% #$$6*% ')% #(,*J+0,#'(% 0(8% &'$='.'/#,0(% 0(8% "'$,*8% T+=*(#0(% 0(8% &6/,6+0/% +*.+*$*(,0,#'(% ')% ,"#$% /'(J7 @+**-% .'.6/0,#'($5% #(&/68#(J% (6=*+'6$% *$,0C/#$"*8% &'==6(#,4:% !"#$% $.*�/% &0$*% &'==6(#,4% $&"''/$% 0(8%P+,"'8'R%&"6+&"*$:% '))*+*8% 6$% 0(% *(,+4% .'#(,% #(,'% ,"*% .'/#,#&0/% !"#$% $&"''/% 90$% &'($,+6&,*8% C4% ,"*% @+**-% .+'C/*=$% *(&'6(,*+*8% C4% =#('+#,#*$% #(% ,"*% 40 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis &'==6(#,4% ,'% .+'3#8*% *86&0,#'(% ,'% ,"*% .+'.*+,4% ')% ,"*% ,"+**% C6#/8#(J$% ,"0,% P+,"'8'R%!6+-#$"%&"#/8+*(%')%@+**-%'+#J#(:% &'=.'$*% #,:% !"*% D,0,*% 0/$'% &'//*&,$% ,"*% +*3*(6*$% ')% ,"*% )'6+% $"'.$%#(&'+.'+0,*8%#(% N(% ,"*% *0+/4% gM,"% F*(,6+45% ,"*% @+**-% ,"*%$&"''/:%N(%gMKM5%!6+-*4%90$%&'(8*=(*8% &'==6(#,4% #(% N$,0(C6/% 0='6(,*8% ,'% 0C'6,% C4%,"*%G6+'.*0(%F'6+,%')%Y6=0(%E#J",$%0(8% XMM5MMM% .*'./*5% '6,% ')% K5KMM5MMM% )'+&*8% ,'% +*,6+(% ,"*% $&"''/% ,'% ,"*% #("0C#,0(,$:% !"*4%9*+*%,"*%C#JJ*$,%=#('+#,4% d'6(80,#'(:%T%8*&#$#'(%'3*+%#,$%'9(*+$"#.%#$% ')% ,"*% &#,45% C6,% 0),*+%,"*%@+*&'7!6+-#$"% Z0+% *R.*&,*8%#(%d*C+60+4%gMKg:% `KLKL7KLgga% 0(8% ,"*% i06$0((*% !+*0,4% % `KLgXa5% ,"*% @+**-% .'.6/0,#'(% #(% N$,0(C6/% !"*% &0(8#80&4% )'+% ,"*% ,#,/*% ')% G6+'.*0(% 8*&+*0$*8% 8+0=0,#&0//4% ,'% KMM5MMM:% !"*% F0.#,0/%')%F6/,6+*%#(%gMKM%'.*(*8%+''=%)'+% !+*0,4% &+*0,*8%,"*% /*J0/% )+0=*9'+-% )'+% ,"*% ,"*% =#('+#,#*$% ')% N$,0(C6/% ,'% *R.+*$$% 0(8% *R&"0(J*% ')% ,"*% +*$.*&,#3*% 8#0$.'+0$% 8+#3*%&6/,6+0/%.+'c*&,$5% 9#,"%,"*%0..+'30/%')% C*,9**(% C',"% &'6(,+#*$5% +*$6/,#(J% #(% >+#=*% ?#(#$,*+% E*&*.% !044#.% G+8'z0(:% !"*% &'($*S6*(,% =#J+0,#'(:% e'90804$5% '(/4% &#,4%=08*%6$*%')% #,$% &'$='.'/#,0(%#=0J*% ,'% K5[MM%@+**-%(0,#'(0/$%/#3*%#(%,"*%&#,4:%% 30/'+#]*% #,$% "#$,'+#&0/% /*J0&45% &'//0C'+0,#(J% !"*% 0(,#7@+**-% +#',$% ')% KL[[% +*$6/,*8% #(% 9#,"%e@P$%0(8%)'6(80,#'($:% !"#$% +*(*90/% #$% 0(',"*+% 903*% ')% *=#J+0,#'(% 0(8% #(% KL[h% /0+J*/4% 8*.*(8*(,% 6.'(% ,"*% 0&,#'($% ')% +*('30,#'(%.+'c*&,$%$6&"%0$% $,+**,%9#8*(#(J% .+#30,*% C'8#*$% =*=C*+$%')% ,"*%#/%$'&#*,4:% 8*$,+'4*8% ,"*% =0c'+#,4% ')% ,"*% &'==6(#,4% !"*%0..+'30/%')%,"*%.+'c*&,$%C4%,"*%D,0,*%"0$% C6#/8#(J$% ')% ,"*% (*#J"C'+"''8:% !"*% $&"''/% J#3*(%C0&-% ,'% ,"*% &'==6(#,#*$% ,"*%+#J",% ,'% +*=0#(*8% 0% 3*+4% #=.'+,0(,% ./0&*% )'+% ,"*% 0&,60//4% +*$,'+*% ,"*#+% "#$,'+#&0/% 0(8% @+**-% &'==6(#,45% 0$% #,% "08% 0/$'% C*&'=*% 0% 0+&"#,*&,6+0/%"*+#,0J*%$'% )0+:%!"#$%#$%,"*%Q#+$,% &6/,6+0/% 0(8% $'�/% &*(,*+:% d*$,#30/$% 0(8% &'(&+*,#]0,#'(% ')% ,"*% /*J0/% )+0=*9'+-% )'+% &*/*C+0,#'($% 9*+*% '+J0(#]*8% #(% ,"*% 0,+#6=5% =#('+#,#*$%#(%N$,0(C6/:% 9"*+*% 0%,"*0,+*% "08%C**(%C6#/,%#(% KL[[:% N(% ,"*% KLhM$5% 0% &'==6(#,4% -#,&"*(% 90$% !"*%&6++*(,%'Cc*&,#3*%')%,"*%d'6(80,#'(%#$%,'% #(&'+.'+0,*8% ,'% ,"*% $&"''/5% .+'3#8#(J% )''8% ,+0($)'+=% ,"*% $&"''/% #(,'% 0% @+**-% &6/,6+0/% )'+%,"*%.''+*$,%.*'./*%')%,"*%(*#J"C'+"''8:% &*(,*+5%')%9"#&"%,"*%&#,4%#$%&6++*(,/4%/0&-#(J:% !"*%4*0+%KLhy%90$%0(',"*+%,6+(#(J%.'#(,%)'+% !"*%.+'c*&,%')%+*7'.*(#(J%&/0$$*$%$,#//%*R#$,$5% ,"*% =#('+#,45% 9#,"% ,"*% +*(*J0,#'(% ')% ,"*% C6,%8*.*(8$%'(%,"*%|8*7=#J+0,#'(O%.+'&*$$5%#)% KLXM%@+**-7!6+-#$"%T(-0+0%F'(3*(,#'(%0(8% ,"*% !6+-#$"% .*'./*% ')% @+**-% '+#J#($% ,"0,% ,"*% )'//'9#(J% *R.6/$#'(% ')% Kg5MMM% *,"(#&% *=#J+0,*8%,'% @+**&*% *3*(,60//4% &'=*% C0&-:% @+**-$:% !"*% 08=#(#$,+0,#3*% +*&'+8$% ')% ,"#$% !"*$*% .+'c*&,$% #(&/68*% ,"*% &+*0,#'(% ')% 0% 4*0+%-*.,% ,+0&-%')%ghM%$,68*(,$% *(+'//*8%#(% =6$*6=% ,"0,% 9'6/8%C*%0%+*$*0+&"%#($,#,6,*% ,"*%-#(8*+J0+,*(%'+%,"*%.+#=0+4%$&"''/:% '(% @+**-% &6/,6+*% #(% !6+-*45% '+% ')% 0(% 0+,% !"*%$&"''/%"08%0% 3*+4% J''8%+*.6,0,#'(%0(8% J0//*+4:% !"*% d'6(80,#'(% 0/$'% ./0($% ,'% "'$,% 90$% *=C*88*8% #(% 0(% #(Q/6*(,#0/% (*,9'+-% ,"*% I*$#J(% 0(8% T+&"#,*&,6+*% \#*((0/*% #(% ,"0,% $,#//% *R#$,$% ,'804:% T),*+% 0% .*+#'8% ')% gMKg:%!"*%d'6(80,#'(%#$%&6++*(,/4%#(%$*0+&"% &/'$6+*%C*,9**(%KLLM%0(8%gMMM5%#,%+*$6=*8% ')% $.'($'+$% 0(8%.0+,(*+$"#.$5% $#(&*%#,% 8'*$% #,$% 0&,#3#,#*$% 0J0#(% 6(,#/% gMMW% 0$% 0% .+#=0+4% (',%+*&*#3*%0(4%.6C/#&%)6(8#(J:%N,%#$%0/$'%)6//4% $&"''/:% D#(&*% ,"*(5% ('% &/0$$*$% "03*% C**(% *(J0J*8%#(% ,"*% +*$'/6,#'(%')% ,"*% /*J0/% #$$6*% J#3*(% 86*% ,'% /0&-% ')% @+**-% $,68*(,$% 0(8% ')% ,"*% .+'.*+,4% ')% ,"*% C6#/8#(J:% ?'+*% ,*0&"*+$:% J*(*+0//45% ,"*% d'6(80,#'(% 8*./'+*$% ,"*%/0&-% d'//'9#(J% ,"*% +0,#Q#&0,#'(% ')% ,"*% i06$0((*% ')% .'/#,#&0/% 0(8% 08=#(#$,+0,#3*% !+*0,45% ,"*% *,"(#&% 0(8% +*/#J#'6$% =#('+#,#*$% +*.+*$*(,0,#'(% ')% ,"*% =#('+#,#*$% #(% ,"*% 9*+*% J#3*(% ,"*% +#J",% ,'% =0(0J*% ,"*#+% '9(% =6(#&#.0/#,4% 0(8% ,"*% &*(,+0/% J'3*+(=*(,:% C6#/8#(J$% $6&"% 0$% $&"''/$5% &"6+&"*$% 0(8% !"0,5% $0#8% f"'+0(% @6=6$5% #$% &'(,+08#&,'+4% '+."0(0J*$:% Y'9*3*+5% ,"'6J"% ,"*% f0+0-l4% 9#,"% ,"*% "#$,'+4% ')% @+**-$% 0(8% T+=*(#0($% d'6(80,#'(%"0$%,"*%/*J0/%&0.0&#,4%,'%=0(0J*% )'+=*+/4% '&&6.4#(J% "#J"% .'$#,#'($% #(% ,"*% ,"*%$&"''/5%#,%#$%,"*%!6+-#$"%D,0,*%,"0,%*(c'4$% 41 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis J'3*+(=*(,% ')% ,"*% P,,'=0(% G=.#+*% 0(8% ')% Korhan Gümüs ,"*%&#,4%')%N$,0(C6/:% N(% 0% C+'08*+% .*+$.*&,#3*5% ,"*% &0$*% ')% ,"*% D&"''/%#//6$,+0,*8%,"*%#$$6*$%')%=0(0J*=*(,% 0(8% .+'.*+,4% ')% $.0&*% C*,9**(% *,"(#&% =#('+#,#*$% 0(8% ,"*% 8#))*+*(,% /*3*/$% ')% ,"*% !6+-#$"% 08=#(#$,+0,#'(:% !"*$*%&'==6(#,#*$% 8'% (',% (*&*$$0+#/4% &''+8#(0,*% 8#+*&,/4% 9#,"% ,"*% =6(#&#.0/% 06,"'+#,4% C6,% 0+*% ='+*% *(J0J*8% #(,'% 8#+*&,% (*J',#0,#'(% 9#,"% ,"*% (0,#'(0/% D,0,*:% !"#$% $,0,6$% S6'% "0$% C**(% &"0//*(J*8% C4% ,"*% J+*0,*+% #(,*J+0,#'(% ')% !6+-*4%#(,'%,"*%G6+'.*0(%/*J0/%$4$,*=5%9#,"% Photo: Arthur Crestani ,"*%$6C$*S6*(,%+*&'J(#,#'(%0(8%*R,*($#'(%')% ,"*%+#J",$% ')% =#('+#,#*$:% !"#$% "0$% #(8#+*&,/4% )03'+*8% ,"*% 8*3*/'.=*(,% ')% .+#30,*% #(#,#0,#3*$% ,0-*(% C4% e@P$% 0(8% 0$$'�,#'($:% !"*% +*Q/*&,#'(% $"0//% C*% *R,*(8*8% ,'% ,"*% f6+8#$"% 0(8% T+=*(#0(% &'==6(#,#*$:% !"*% &#,4%')%N$,0(C6/% #$%('9% ,"*%Q#*/8%)'+%/'9*+%b J+0$$+'',$7%0(8%"#J"*+%bG6+'.*0(7%/*3*/$%')% .'/#,#&0/% 0(8% /*J0/% 0&,#'(% ,'% 8*3*/'.% 0(8% &''+8#(0,*: <)3$='8+%C$"8'$=%*+%D'8+.?+%/%B3?7"3% <3+.?)8' 42 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis ,'C0&&'% 90+*"'6$*5% 6$*8% 0$% $6&"% 6(,#/% ,"*% Cultural Policies and KL[M$:% N(% gMM^5% +*('30,#'($% 9*+*% &0++#*8% '6,% .+*$*+3#(J% ,"*% '+#J#(0/% )*0,6+*$% ')% ,"*% Neighborhood Development C6#/8#(J:% %D#(&*%gMML5%,"*%0(&#*(,%)'6+7$,'+4% C6#/8#(J% 9#,"% "#J"% &*#/#(J$% 0(8% 9''8*(% Speaker : Miss Asena Günal Q/''+$% "0$% C**(% 6$*8% 0$% 0% &6/,6+0/% &*(,*+% Location : Depo 8#$./04#(J% 0+,% .+0&,#&*$:% !'."0(*% #$% 0% 3*+4% January 12, 2012 =#R*8%(*#J"C'+"''8%9"*+*%0+,%&*(,*+$%"03*% ,'%&'7*R#$,%9#,"%,+08#,#'(0/%0(8%&'($*+30,#3*% .*'./*%9"'% &+#,#&#]*%,"*%='8*+(#]0,#'(%0(8% ,"*% /#C*+0/#]0,#'(% ')% ,"*% (*#J"C'+"''8% Asena Günal ,"+'6J"% ,"#$% J+'9#(J% 0+,#$,#&% 0&,#3#,4:% d'+% #($,0(&*5% I*.'% $*//$% C**+% 0(8% $'=*,#=*$% '+J0(#]*$% 8*C0,*$% 9#,"% ,"*% i@\!% &'==6(#,45% 9"#&"% &+*0,*$% ,*($#'($% #(% ,"*% (*#J"C'+"''8:%!"#$%+*$6/,*8%='$,%8+0$,#&0//4% #(% 0(% 0,,0&-% '(% ,"*% &*(,*+% '(% D*.,*=C*+% gK$,5% gMKM% C4% yM%.*'./*%0+=*8%9#,"%$,#&-$% 0(8%J0$: Photo: Arthur Crestani P6+%$.*0-*+%,"*(%#(,+'86&*8%,"*%0&,#3#,#*$%')% ,"*%&6/,6+0/%&*(,*+%#(%='+*%8*,0#/:%N,$%0+,#$,#&% .+'J+0=% #$% &'=.'$*8% ')% *R"#C#,#'($% 0(8% !"#$% =**,#(J% $,0+,*8% 9#,"% 0% C+#*)% 8'&6=*(,0+4% $&+**(#(J$:% I#$&6$$#'(% $*+#*$5% #(,+'86&,#'(% .+*$*(,#(J% I*.':% ?#$$% T$*(0% #(&/68#(J% 9'+-$"'.$5% &'()*+*(&*$5% 0(8% @A(0/% .+*$*(,*8% ,"*%&6/,6+0/%&*(,*+%0$%0% /*&,6+*$%'(%0+,%0(8%#,$%+*/0,#'(%9#,"%8#))*+*(,% $.0&*%)'+%&'(,*=.'+0+4% 0+,% *R"#C#,#'($% 0(8% $6Cc*&,$% 0+*% +*J6/0+/4% "*/8% #(% ,"*% &6/,6+0/% )'+%&+#,#&0/%8*C0,*$%0(8%*R&"0(J*$%#(%,"*%&#,4% &*(,*+:% I*.'% 0/$'% .6C/#$"*$% 0(% *7c'6+(0/% &*(,*+% ')% N$,0(C6/:% !"*% &*(,*+O$% 0#=% #$% ,'% ,#,/*8% A#5$ !"(#-5:% !"*% &6/,6+0/% &*(,*+% 8*3*/'.%+*J#'(0/% .+'c*&,$% 0(8% &'//0C'+0,#3*% &'//0C'+0,*$%9#,"%=6$*6=$5%#(%.0+,#&6/0+%,"*% 9'+-$% C*,9**(% 0+,#$,$% ')% ,"*% +*J#'(5% N$,0(C6/%?6$*6=%')%?'8*+(%T+,: C+#(J#(J% ,'J*,"*+% N$,0(C6/O$% 0(8% ',"*+% ?#$$%@A(0/%0/$'%*=."0$#]*8%,"*%.'/#,#&0/%0(8% ,+08#,#'(O$%0+,#$,#&%,"*=*$:%T&&'+8#(J%,'%?#$$% $'�/%&'==#,=*(,%')%,"*%0+,#$,#&%.+'86&,#'(% @A(0/5% I*.'% 0..*0+$% 0$%,"*%Q#+$,%0,,*=.,% #(% 8#$./04*8% C4% ,"*% &*(,*+:% N(8**85% I*.'% !6+-*4% ,'% )'&6$% '(% +*J#'(0/% &'//0C'+0,#'($% 088+*$$*$%,"*%#=./#&0,#'($%')%.'/#,#&0//4%0(8% C*,9**(% !6+-*4% 0(8% #,$% (*#J"C'+#(J% $'�//47*(J0J*8% 0+,% .+0&,#&*$V% ,"*% 0+,#$,$% &'6(,+#*$% #(% ,"*% F06&0$6$5% ,"*% ?#88/*% G0$,% $*/*&,*8%C4%,"*%&*(,*+%0+*%0/904$%*(J0J*8%#(% 0(8%,"*% \0/-0($:% !"*%&6/,6+0/% &*(,*+% #$% ,"*% +0#$#(J%090+*(*$$%&'(&*+(#(J%&"0',#&%6+C0(% +*$6/,% ')% 0(% #(#,#0,#3*% ')% T(08'/6% fA/,A+5% 0% #$$6*$% #(% N$,0(C6/:% d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�/% *R&/6$#'(5% 0(8% *&'/'J4% #$$6*$% &'(&*(,+0,*$% ='$,% ')% ,"*% 0+,% .+'86&,#'(% ')% ,"*% =*,+'.'/#$:% !"*% C6#/8#(J% #$% 0% )'+=*+% 43 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis 0+*% 6C#S6#,'6$% #(% &'(,*=.'+0+4% 0+,#$,#&% 7% ,"*+*% #$% 0/='$,% ('% #(8*.*(8*(,% 0+,#$,#&% .+0&,#&*$%#(%N$,0(C6/:%%%% ./0&*5% 0$% 0+,% #$% ='$,/4% 8#$./04*8% #(% )'6(80,#'($% )6(8*8% C4% &0.#,0/% '+% #(% $=0//% T),*+% ,"#$% #(,+'86&,#'(5% ,"*% $.*0-*+% &'==*+�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d'+% "*+5% ,"*+*% #$% ('% &+#,#&#]*% N$/0=#$=% C6,% ,"*$*% 0+*% ='+*% !6+-#$"%0+,#$,%9"'%#$%(',%#(3'/3*8%#(%0%-#(8% J*(*+0/% &+#,#&#$=$% ')% ,"*% .'/#,#&#]0,#'(% ')% ')% 0&,#3#$=% ,"+'6J"%"#$n"*+% 0+,:% T+,#$,$% 0+*% N$/0=%,"0(%0%&/0#=%0J0#($,%,"*%+*/#J#'(%#,$*/): 6$60//4% 3*+4% &'==#,,*8% ,'% &6++*(,% *3*(,$% C*&06$*%,"*+*%0+*%/',$%')%#$$6*$%,'%C*%$'/3*8% !"*+*%#$%('%8*='&+0,#]0,#'(%')%,"*%&6/,6+*%#(% 0(8% ,"*+*% #$% 0/904$% $'=*,"#(J% J'#(J% '(:% !6+-*4%$#(&*%&0.#,0/%#$%$,#//%0%C0++#*+%0J0#($,% \*$#8*$% 0+,#$,$5% $&"'/0+$5% $,68*(,$5% 0(8% ,"0,_%#)%0(%0+,#$,%#$%(',%=0+-*,0C/*5%"*%'+%$"*% 0&,#3#$,$%0+*%0/$'%.0+,%')%.6C/#&%*(J0J*=*(,% &0((',%*R"#C#,%"#$%'+%"*+%9'+-:%d6+,"*+='+*5% ,"0,%0#=$%0,% )'+&#(J%,"*%J'3*+(=*(,%,'% $,'.% ,"*%J'3*+(=*(,% 8'*$% (',%J#3*%0(4% Q#(0(�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`)'+=*/4% -('9(% 0$% m0-#,a% PC$*+3#(J%,"*%-#(8%')%0+,9'+-$%8#$./04*8%#(% 0/$'% .6,$% .+*$$6+*% '(% I*.'_% #,% #$% '),*(% ,"*%&*(,*+5%9*%J+0$.*8%,"*%=0#(%&'(&*+($%')% 0J0#($,% $'=*% *R"#C#,#'($% `*$.*�//4% '(*$% !6+-#$"% 0+,#$,$5% +*3*0/#(J% ,"*#+% '.#(#'(% '(% &+#,#&#]#(J% .'/#,#&0/% N$/0=a5% 0(8% #,% '(&*% ,"*%=0(0J*=*(,% ')%30+#'6$% 6+C0(% #$$6*$% #(% 'C/#J*8% ,"*% &'==6(#,4% ,'% ='8#)4% $6&"% 0(% N$,0(C6/:% d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stanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis #(%N$,0(C6/%,"+'6J"%,"#$%$.0,#0/%$*J+*J0,#'(V% !"*%=#(#=0/%#(Q/6*(&*% ')%!6+-#$"%0+,#$,$%'(% #,% $**=$% ='+*% 0(8% ='+*% 8#)Q#&6/,% ,'% Q#(8% $'�/%0(8%.'/#,#&0/%/#)*%&0(%C*%+*/0,*8%,'% ,"*% ./0&*$% =#R#(J% .*'./*% )+'=% 8#))*+*(,% $'&#'7 0C$*(&*% ')% J'3*+(=*(,0/% $6..'+,% ,'% ('(7 *&'('=#&% C0&-J+'6(8$:% Z*% 0/$'% /*0+(,%,"0,% ,+08#,#'(0/% )'+=$% ')% 0+,:% N$,0(C6/w$% /0&-% ')%0% N$,0(C6/% 8'*$% (',% +*0//4% $6..'+,% ,"*% $'/#8% ='8*+(% 0(8% &'(,*=.'+0+4% &6/,6+*% 8*3*/'.=*(,%')%0%)'+=% ')%0+,%,"0,% 9'6/8%C*% +*3*0/$% $'=*,"#(J% 0C'6,% ,"*% 904% 0+,% #$% $'�//4% &'==#,,*85% .'/#,#&0//4% *(J0J*8% '+% &'($#8*+*8% C4% ,"*% J'3*+(=*(,% #(% ,"*% ,"0,% 9'6/8% $#=./4% C*% /*$$% ,+08#,#'(0/% ,"0(% =*,+'.'/#$: ,"*%,+08#,#'(0/%)'+=%')%0+,%,"0,%'(*%&0(%=**,% #(%N$,0(C6/:% :$)8)%E='+3%/%:"='+??+%0+%2)88;3+3 45 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis Case Study: The Figure 1. Valens Aqueduct Governance of Water Figure 1. Yerebaran Cistern Photo: Cindy Nino Report on Water Regulation and Conflicts in the Istanbul Metropolitan Region: Past, Present and Future Speaker: Dr. Ahmet Saatçi January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stanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis :()-"&"-7-"C#+"&+/&)4-&/#")4:-7)-"/&1(")&#$& )4-& (6"-(;0O-G+7)+/.& :()-"& "-7-"C#+"7%& )4-&3+)0&75116+-7&:()-"&)#&)4-&L5"#1-(/&7+;-& '-3#/;609&)4-"-&+7&(&1"#,6->&#$&#+6&1#665)+#/& #$&87)(/,569&:4-"-&(11"#G+>()-60&F@`&#$&)4-& +/& )4-&7-(7& 1#156()+#/& #$& 87)(/,56& "-7+;-7%& B4-"-& ("-& )4"--& 1+1-6+/-7& 5/;-"/-()4& )4-& X#714#"57& Figure 3. Water Treatment Plants )4()&)"(/71#")&:()-"&$"#>&)4-&Q/()#6+(/&7+;-& )#&)4-&L5"#1-(/&7+;-%&B4-&:()-"&"-7-"C#+"&+/& )4-& 7#5)4-"/& 1(")& #$& )4-& L5"#1-(/& 7+;-& +7& 1#665)-;&;5-&)#&3#/7)"53)+#/&(/;&4(,+)()+#/& ("#5/;& )4-& "-7-"C#+"%& B4-"-& ("-& \+C-& :()-"& )"-()>-/)& 16(/)7& M"-$-"& )#& U+.5"-& H& ,-6#:S& )4()& >(V-& )4-& :()-"& "-(;0& $#"& +)7& \+/(6& 3#/75>1)+#/& ,0& )4-& 57-"7%& a4()& +7& +/)"+.5+/.& +7& )4()& (/& +/;-1-/;-/)& :()-"& /-(",0& 87)(/,56& ;5-& )#& (& C-"0& 4+.4& 1#6+30& $#"& 87)(/,56& >(/(.-;& ,0& )4-& 6#3(6& >#C->-/)&#$&74+17&+/&)4-&"-.+#/%&!#665)+#/&+/& (5)4#"+)+-7& +7& >+77+/.%& B4-& :()-"& 1#6+30& +/& f>-"6+&J-7-"C#+" 87)(/,56& +7& .5+;-;& ,0& )4-& /()+#/(6& :()-"& 1#6+30&$#"&)4-&-/)+"-&B5"V+74&7)()-%& J-3-/)609& )4-"-& 4(7& ,--/& (& 1"#,6->& #$& 1#665)+#/& +/& )4-& f>-"6+& "-7-"C#+"& M"-$-"& )#& U+.5"-& H& (,#C-S& #/& )4-& Q/()#6+(/& 7+;-& #$& 87)(/,56%& B4+7& +7& (& :()-"74-;& Y#/-& :+)4& (& )#)(6&75"$(3-&("-(&#$&FA<&V>A%& B4-& "-7-"C#+"& 3(1(3+)0& +7& HPN& >+66+#/& >H%& & B4-& 0-("60& "-/-:(6& 3(1(3+)0& #$& )4-& "-7-"C#+"& +7& AA@& >+66+#/&>He0-("%&"-7-"C#+"16(07&(&3"53+(6&"#6-& +/&)4-&(>,+)+#57&c-6-/&1"#2-3)%& Figure 2. Reservoir locations B4-&("-(&("#5/;&)4-&"-7-"C#+"9&4#:-C-"9&4(7& :+)/-77-;& 7-C-"(6& ;-C-6#1>-/)(6& (3)+C+)+-7& b#/7+;-"+/.&)4-&$5)5"-&#$&87)(/,569&)4-&c-6-/& +/& )4-& $#">& #$& +66-.(6& 7-))6->-/)7& (/;& !"#2-3)& 7--V7& )#& 1"#C+;-& 1+1-6+/-7& )#& $56\+66& 3#/7)"53)+#/7%& a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stanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis 4+>& >#"-& 6-.+)+>(30& +/& )4-& -0-7& #$& 1-#16-& Ahmet Saatçi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hoto: Arthur Crestani )"-()>-/)& 16(/)7%& J-.(";+/.& )4-& 3##";+/()+#/&#$&:()-"&1#6+30&+/&B5"V-09&)4-"-& ("-&C("+#57&(3)#"7&)4()&("-&+/C#6C-;&+/&:()-"& i)-34/+3(6&-G1-")j&,-4+/;&)4-&:()-"&1#6+3+-79& >(/(.->-/)&+/365;+/.&)4-&B5"V+74&8/7)+)5)-& 4-& 4(7& 7-"C-;& (7& >534& >#"-& )4(/& )4()& +/& #$& a()-"9& c+/+7)"0& #$& a()-"9& c+/+7)"0& #$& "-3-/)& :()-"& 1#6+30& +775-7%& B4-& 35",+/.& #$& Q."+356)5"-9&(/;&c-)-#"#6#.+3(6&R-1(")>-/)9& 1#665)+#/& +/&)4-&"-7-"C#+"& "-K5+"-;&/#)& 257)& (>#/.&#)4-"7%& U"#>&)+>-&)#&)+>-&)4-&>(0#"& )-34/+3(6& 7#65)+#/7& #$&,5+6;+/.&:(7)-& :()-"& #$& 87)(/,56& (/;& ;+$$-"-/)& ]kD7& 6(5/34& 16(/)79& ,5)& (67#& -C(35()+/.& )4-& (;2(3-/)& C("+#57& (:("-/-77& 1"#."(>7& $#"& :()-"& ("-(7&#$&)4-&+66-.(6&7-))6->-/)7%& 3#/7-"C()+#/& )#& "-;53-& )4-& "+7V& #$& -G4(57)+/.& 87)(/,56l7& :()-"& 751160%& B4-"-& '+/3-& )4+7& C-"0& 7#65)+#/& 1#7-;& 7-"+#57& ("-& (67#& \+/(/3+(6& +/3-/)+C-7& .+C-/& ,0& )4-& )4"-()7& #$& 1#6+)+3+Y()+#/& #$& )4-& +775-9& )4-& >5/+3+1(6+)+-7& 6+V-& (& ZAB_& ;+73#5/)& $#"& .#C-"/>-/)& #$& B5"V-0& $#":(";-;& )4-& 7(C+/.&(&3-")(+/&(>#5/)&#$&:()-"%&B4-&:()-"& i-G1-")j&+/&)4-&$#">&#$&R"%& '(()*+& )#& -G16(+/& 3#/$-"-/3-&3#/365;-;&:+)4&(&C+7+)&)#&(&:(7)-& )4-& 7+)5()+#/& )#& )4-& 1-#16-& +/& )4#7-& :()-"&)"-()>-/)&16(/)% 7-))6->-/)7%& LC+;-/)609& )4-& "#6-&#$&1"#$-77#"& '(()*+& :(7& >534&>#"-&)4(/& >-"-60& ,-+/.&(& )-34/+3(6&-G1-")%&Q)&)4-&7(>-&)+>-9&,-+/.&(/& !"#$%%&'()*+, -/.+/--"&(/;&1"#$-77#"&.+C-7& 48 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis )"(+/+/.& 1-"7#//-6& )#& #1-"()-& (66& A<& Visit to Paşaköy Advanced :(7)-:()-"& )"-()>-/)& 16(/)7& +/& )4-& Biological Wastewater >-)"#1#6+)(/& "-.+#/%& U5")4-">#"-9& (7& :-& Treatment Plant 6-("/-;& $"#>& #5"& C+7+)9& )4+7& 1(")/-"74+1& +7& Speaker: Dr. Mehmet Emre Baştopçu January 12, 2012 Mehmet Emre Baştopçu D/& E(/5("0& 49 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis )4-& )"-()>-/)& 1"#3-77& (/;& "-16(3-;& ,0& (& -7)(,6+74-;&+/& 50 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis 4+>&1(")&#$&4+7&)-(>%&D5"&C+7+)&:(7&6+>+)-;&)#& Q$)-"&)4-7-&C+7+)7&)#&)4-&3+)0l7&:()-"&$(3+6+)+-79& )4-&+/+)+(6&(/;&\+/(6&14(7-7&#$&)"-()>-/)p&:-& #/-& )4+/.& 7)(/;7& #5)q& )4-& 3#>16-G+)0& 3#56;&)4-/&7--& ,#)4&)4-&+/+)+(6& (/;&)4-&\+/(6& 3#/3-"/+/.& & )4-& :()-"& >(/(.->-/)& (/;& 1"#;53)7& #$& :(7)-:()-"& )"-()>-/)& (/;& 7-"C+3-& ;-6+C-"+/.& +/& 87)(/,56%& B4+7& +7& 3#>1("-& )4-& -/#">#57& ;+$$-"-/3-& +/& )-">7& >(/+$-7)-;9& \+"7)9& +/& )4-& C("+-)0& #$& (3)#"7& #$& 7>-669& 3#6#"& (/;& 36-(/6+/-77%& a-& (67#& .#)& +/C#6C-;& +/& )4-& ;-3+7+#/O>(V+/.& (/;& )4-& 7#>-&>#"-&+/$#">()+#/&(,#5)&)4-&,+#6#.+3(6& :()-"& 751160& #$& )4-& 3+)09& (>#/.& :4+34& :-& 1"#3-77-7& #$& )"-()>-/)9& :4+34& ;-1-/;& #/& 3(/& >-/)+#/& )4-& >5/+3+1(6+)09& +)7& )4-&(3)+#/&#$&3-")(+/&,(3)-"+(9& (7& :-& 1(77-;& +/;-1-/;-/)& :()-"& (.-/30& M8'n8S9& )4-& ,0& )4-& 6(".-& )(/V7& :4-"-& 765;.-& :(7& 1"+C()-& 3#>1(/0& "-71#/7+,6-& #$& )4-& 7-1("()-;&$"#>& )4-&:()-"%& '5,7-K5-/)609& :-& $5/3)+#/+/.&#$&)4-&16(/)7& M)4-&n[o[& k"#51S& :-/)& )#& (& 1#)(,6-& :()-"& )"-()>-/)& 16(/)& ^& (/;&&)4-&C("+#57&-G1-")7&+/;+"-3)60&-/)(/.6-;& #:/-;& (/;& >(/(.-;& -G3657+C-60& ,0& 8'n8& ^& +/& ;-3+7+#/O>(V+/.& "-.(";+/.& :()-"& 751160& :4-"-&:-&3#56;&:+)/-77&7-C-"(6&7)(.-7&#$&)4-& >(/(.->-/)& (/;& +/C-7)>-/)7& +/& )4-& \+-6;%& )"-()>-/)& 1"#3-77%& I-"-& :-& 3#56;& (67#& 7--& '534& (& 3#>16-G+)0& >57)& (67#& ,-& )(V-/& +/)#& )4-& f>-"6+& "-7-"C#+"& (/;& 7#>-& 6#/.& 1+1-7& (33#5/)& :4-/& #/-& 3#/7+;-"7& )4-& )01-7& #$& )4()& ,"+/.& :()-"& $"#>& )4-& J+C(& 7)"-(>& (7& 3#/)"(3)7& (/;&+/7)+)5)+#/(6& ;-7+./& +/C#6C+/.& :-66&(7&1(")&#$&)4-&c-6-/&'07)->&:4+34&:+66& )4-7-& (3)#"79& $#"& +/7)(/3-9& )4-& #5)7#5"3-;& ,"+/.& :()-"& $"#>& )4-& c-6-/& "-7-"C#+"& >#;-6&->16#0-;&,0&)4-&n[o[&k"#51% 7+)5()-;& 51 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis Governance Perspectives Photo: Caroline Guillet ("9$&G,*($"4# 6%*# ,;)$# *$# *0)*# $%&# Discussing Urban %"-0&)*,"-("7# $9# *50# G0*&$?$;()# ,"-# *50# ("9$&G,*($"# ,8P%(&0-# *5&$%75$%*# $%&# )*%-=# Governance *&(?>#E50#9$&G,*#$9#$%&#G00*("7#8$")()*0-#$9# Kadir Has University )5$&*# ?&0)0"*,*($")# 9&$G# *50# )?0,H0&)4# January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stanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis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event Soysal $9# *50# 8(*=# $9# :YG(&# ("# 8$G?,&()$"# <(*5# :)*,"6%;># R(*5# ,# 8$")(-0&,6;=# )G,;;0&# ?$?%;,*($"#*5,"#:)*,"6%;4#:YG(&#)*(;;#&0G,(")# )*(;;# $"0# $9# *50# G$)*# ?$?%;$%)# 8(*(0)# $9# E%&H0=4# ;$8,*0-#("#*50#)$%*5_<0)*0&"#?,&*#$9# M",*$;(,#,"-#<(*5#,??&$X(G,*0;=#`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a7;$6,;# 8(*=b# ()# ,-G("()*&,*($"# ,"-# *50#80"*&,;# 7$'0&"G0"*# )*&$"7;=#0G?5,)(Y0-#6=#*50#8(*=Q)#,%*5$&(*(0)# G,*0&(,;(Y0-# ("# (")*(*%*($")# )%85# ,)# E!+:># ,"-4# *$# )$G0# 0X*0"*4# 6=# (*)# ?$?%;,*($"># E5&$%75#*50#-06,*04#(*#8$%;-#60#("90&&0-#*5,*# T$)*0&)#8;,(G("7#*5,*#:)*,"6%;#<,)#,#a<$&;-# *50#80"*&,;#7$'0&"G0"*#1(>0>#*50#&%;("7#?,&*=3# 8(*=b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stanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis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c#=0,&)4#*50#(")*(*%*($")# 8$")0&',*($"# ,"-# -0'0;$?G0"*# $9# "0<# *5,*# 5,'0# 0G0&70-# 5,'0# 600"# 6%(;-("7)># I(",;;=4# ,# 9$%&*5# 0;0G0"*# ()# $'0&<50;G("7;=# ?&(',*0># M&*()*)# ,&0# "$*# 0))0"*(,;# *$# %"-0&)*,"-("7# *50# ?&$6;0G# $9# 60"0S(*("7# 9&$G# ?%6;(8# 9%"-)4# ,"-#)?,80)# $9# 50&(*,70#("# *50# 8(*=f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d# -00?;=# 0G60--0-# ("# *50# 8(*=Q)# 5()*$&=4# 6%*# :)*,"6%;F)# ("5,6(*,"*)# ,&0# "$*# e",*%&,;;=e# )00G# *$# ,;)$# 9$;;$<# G$&0# 70"0&,;# ?,**0&")# ("8;("0-#*$#?&$*08*#,"-#?&0)0&'0#*50#5()*$&=# *5,*#8,"#60#$6)0&'0-#("#$*50$6,;#8(*(0)> $9# *50(&# 8(*=># N%85# ,# ?&0G()0# (G?;(0)# *5,*# )*&$"7#;07();,*($"#()#8,;;0-#9$&#<50"#(*#8$G0)# !"#$%&'!"()"&'%&*'+#,-),%&"'./&&% 54 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis 9$8%)0-# $"# 5$%)("7# ,"-4# G$&0# (G?$&*,"*;=4# Today’s Istanbul : The Major $"# *50# 0X?,")($"# $9# *50# 5$%)("7# ,88$GG$-,*($"# ?$))(6(;(*(0)# *$# *50# ;,&70)*# Issues of Contemporary ,G$%"*# $9# ?0$?;0# <$&H("7# ("# :)*,"6%;># Urbanism N%&0;=4# *5,"H)# *$# *50# &$;0# $9# E!+:# ("# *5()# G,**0&4#(*#()#"$*#-(9S(8%;*#9$&#*50#G%"(8(?,;(*=# Speaker: Jean François Pérouse, IFEA/ *$#6%(;-#"0<#6%(;-("7)#$&#&05,6(;(*,*0#9$&G0&# Galatasaray University (;;07,;# )0**;0G0"*)# ,"-# ;07,;(Y0# *50G># January 12, 2012 E5&$%75$%*#5()#)?00854#[&>#Tg&$%)0#(")()*0-# $"# *50# 8%&&0"*# 9$8%)# $9# :)*,"6%;Q)# ;0,-0&)# Map: todayszaman.com ,"-# ?$;(8=# G,H0&)# *$# G,)*0&# ,"-# $&7,"(Y0# *50#0'0&_("8&0,)("7#%&6,"#7&$<*5#("#*50#8(*=># E$# 9,80# *50# ;,*0)*# %&6,"#())%0)# ,*# )*,H0#("# :)*,"6%;4# *50# 9$8%)# $9# *50# ,%*5$&(*(0)# ,&0# $&7,"(Y0-# ,&$%"-# *50# a%&6,"# &070"0&,*($"b# $9# *50# 8(*=4# <5(85# ()# $&7,"(Y0-# ,&$%"-# )(X# G,("#())%0)f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a)$8(,;# 5$%)("7# ?$;(*(8)b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a8;0,"# G0*&$?$;()b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c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stanbul 2012 - 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Governing the Large Metropolis Conclusion: The Role of AKP and the Relationship Between Local and National Governments Photo: Cindy Nino A$'0&"("7# ,*# *50#8&$))&$,-)# G0,")# -0,;("7# ,??0,;("7#*$#?$?%;()*#,"-#;(60&,;()*#("*0&0)*)># <(*5#*50#8$G?;0X(*(0)#$9#:)*,"6%;Q)#?,**0&"#$9# \0*4# *50# aj%)*(80# k# V0'0;$?G0"*b# ?,&*=# h# %&6,"(Y,*($"4# (*)# ?$;(*(8,;# ,"-# 08$"$G(8# <(*5# (*)# $&(7(")# ,)# ,"# :);,G_6,)0-# )$8(,;# $?0"("74#,)#<0;;#,)#*50#&0?0&*$(&0#$9#8%;*%&,;# G$'0G0"*4# (*)# a"0$_8$GG%"(*,&(,"()*bQ# &0_("'0"*($"#*5,*# (*# 5,)# 8&0,*0-># :*# ()# ,6$%*# -()8$%&)0#,"-#(*)# ,)?(&,*($")# $9#,#&0",)80"*# G,H("7# -08()($")# ,"-# 85$(80)# ("# ,"# !**$G,"#7&,"-0%&#h#()#-(9S(8%;*#*$#7&,)?#,"-# %"80&*,("# ,"-# a;(P%(-b# 0"'(&$"G0"*4# <50&0# &0G,(")#?$$&;=#%"-0&)*$$-> *50#&,G(S(8,*($")# ,"-#8$")0P%0"80)# 9$&# *50# l0;,*0-#*$# *5()# ()#*50#a60"85G,&H("7#-&('0b# 8(*=# ,"-# (*)# ("5,6(*,"*)# 8,""$*# 0,)(;=# 60# ,"-#*50# ,**0G?*)# ,"-#)*&,*07(0)#*$# ?$)(*($"# 9$&0)00"># \0*4# ,)# *50#,",;=*(8,;# 9&,7G0"*)# $9# :)*,"6%;# ("# *50# ;0,7%0# $9# a7;$6,;# 8(*(0)b># *5()# &0?$&*# )$%75*# *$# 5("*# ,*4# *50&0# ,&0# U(60&,;(Y,*($"#,"-#?&(',*(Y,*($"#,&0#O%)*#*<$# -()80&"(6;0# 8$"*$%&)# ,"-# -=",G(8)# h# ,)?08*)#$9#*50#*&,O08*$&=#*5,*#()#*&,")9$&G("7# )*&%8*%&,;# 90,*%&0)# h# $9# *50# <,=)# ("# <5(85# *50# 8(*=# ("*$# ,# 80"*0&# $9# )=G6$;(8# 8,?(*,;># *50# G0*&$?$;()# ()# 7$'0&"0-# ,"-# 5$<# *5()# N?0,&50,-0-#6=#"$"_)*,*0#,8*$&)#,"-#?&(',*0# 6%"-;0#$9#?&$80))0)# (G?,8*)# (*)#*&,O08*$&(0)# 0"*&0?&0"0%&)4# *50# 8$GG$-(S(8,*($"# $9# $9#-0'0;$?G0"*> %&6,"# )?,804# 9,6&(84# ,"-# 0X?0&(0"80# ("# :)*,"6%;# ()# 6$*5# ,# G,O$&# )*&,*07=# ,"-# ,# E50#?&0-$G(","*# &$;0#$9# *50# &%;("7# ?,&*=# h# 8$")0P%0"80> 6$*5#,*#*50#G0*&$?$;(*,"#;0'0;#$9#:)*,"6%;4#,)# <0;;# ,)# ,*# *50# ",*($",;# $"0# ("# E%&H0=# h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stanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis @%;*%&0# ("# :)*,"6%;# ()# "$*# G0&0;=# ,6$%*# 6%)("0))# $??$&*%"(*(0)# 6%*# ,;)$# ,6$%*# 85,"7("7# <,=)# $9#;(90# ,"-#)5(9*("7# &0;,*($")# W0# (*# *50# *0"-0"8(0)# $9# ?%6;(8# ,"-# ?&(',*0# $9# ?$<0&># E5%)4# *50# G0,"("7)# ,"-# %)0)# $9# )08%&(*=# ,"-# *50# &$;0# $9# ",*($",;# ,"-# ;$8,;# 8%;*%&0# -(),&*(8%;,*0# ("*$# -()*("8*# 9$&G)# $9# )08%&(*=# 9$&80)4# )%85# ,)# *50# ?$;(80# ,"-# *50# ?$;(*(8)f# *50# ?$;(*(8)# $9# G0G$&=d# 8%;*%&,;# G(;(*,&=# h# (G?$&*,"*# ,8*$&)# <(*5("# *50# 50&(*,70d# 8%;*%&,;# 0X?&0))($"d# ,"-# 0'0"# 5()*$&(8,;# 0X?0&(0"80# $9# :)*,"6%;d# 60# (*# *50# 8$")%G?*($"># M88$&-("7;=4# *50# ("*0&?;,=# $9# &$;0# $9# &0;(7($"4# 6$*5# ,)# ,"# 0'0&=-,=# ;(90# 8%;*%&,;#?$;(8(0)#,"-#?$;(*(8)#()#5$*;=#-06,*0-# ?&,8*(80#$9#8(*=#-<0;;0&)#,"-#,#9$&G#$9#)$8(,;# ,"-#)*&$"7;=#8$"*0)*0-> $&7,"(Y,*($"#,"-#8%;*%&,;#&0?&0)0"*,*($"d#$&4# # M)# )*,*0-# 609$&04# *5()# &0?$&*# 5,)# 8;0,&# 60# (*# *50# &$;0# $9# *50# ;07,;# )=)*0G4# O%-(8(,;# ;(G(*,*($")># E50# 9&,7G0"*,&=# )0;08*($"# $9# (")*(*%*($")#,"-#*50#%)0)#$9#*50#&%;0#$9#;,<> )$G0# $9# *50# ?&0))("7# ())%0)# 8$"80&"("7# M;;# *50)0# 0;0G0"*)# 5,'0# *$# 60# *,H0"# ("*$# %&6,"# -0'0;$?G0"*# ,"-# 7$'0&","80# $990&)# ,88$%"*# 9$&# %"-0&)*,"-("7# 5$<# :)*,"6%;# ()# $";=# ?&0;(G(",&=# (")(75*)# $"# 5$<# *50# 7$'0&"0-d# ,;;# $9# *50)0# 0;0G0"*)# 5,'0# *$# 60# G0*&$?$;()# $9# :)*,"6%;# <$&H)># :"# *5()# '0("4# &07,&-0-# ,)# 8&%8(,;# 9$&# *50# *%&")# ,"-# G,"=# 0P%,;;=# (G?$&*,"*# ,)?08*)#8$%;-"Q*# 60# -(&08*($")#$9#%&6,"#-0'0;$?G0"*#("#:)*,"6%;> 5(75;(75*0-#,"-#-()8%))0-> 6"1)'()0+$:*'#,$-*..*; 58 Istanbul 2012 - Governing the Large Metropolis !"#$"%&'()"*+,#"- !"#$%&'()*+,-.%' (/.+%0'1%2-,,' 3.+)+4-'1#*+,,%0/ !#$$%&#'5+6%,- .+/0#12*3$*&*0,- 7,%&'(8+0 9,+:';-,-0'(<' =.-$'(<.%0>+ ?-@-'9./+,-8' A#0>%'9.8%0 (&-0%'BC0%, D#."%0'B*$*& E*.%6'B*2-0F 'GH';-./%.'D%<%' 1-."%6'D-06-, G-,-0'?+,&� 3%@%8'I-$+.-&'JK8*,' L0*.'M%.6%, N-%0O1.%0F#+&'MP.#*&- ("$-6';%%6F+ 1%Q+#';#,#$#0+ R-2-06';#<&%, M-,+0'!%0 'S*"%,'7,*&#< A%@%.'A%8+@ 9/%'A*>-&#< ?*.*,,%"'(./+> E-.%,'(>+)8)#K B+K-$'DC,-8F+#T,* D.+&6-0'3+-" '9&+0'M%F%'U-0) !4#,#$"%546 (.6"*.'U.-&6%0+ U%.#,+0-'B*+,,-6 ="0V+'N#0' U+0/<'?+W# N#"0'(.6"*.'M%,$-. E%X& L,+2+-.'R*>%& 6#/%<&K%$%0H>#$ ;%*0/-.&'!>"%6%,/V% $%X&H)##),-H>#$ 73)8#0 R*>+-'3+,,%*/' R#+8'(0/.P'3#*.)-#+& U%.#,+0-'B*+,,-6 E%.-0'R%.&-0' U".+&Y%0'N#&-:'M#,,#8 9$%0*%,,-'Z.+)"6 Photo: Caroline Guillet Istanbul is ‘confined to Istanbul’ alone. Viewed from the sea, the city extends as far as the identifiable contours of the land; as far as the observable motions of the sea from ashore can reach – ! It is Sultan (both) over land and sea, With its heart beating in the Bosphorus. Everything else is afar, (everything else) is far away from Istanbul… ‘Istanbulreigen’ (‘Dance of Istanbul’) by Sema Kaygusuz (published in ‘lettre international’, spring 2010) Freely Translated from German by Christian Josef Pollok Istanbul 2012 GOVERNING THE LARGE METROPOLIS