October 12, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34007

dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, in IN THE ARM Y n o m in a tio n s were received by the S en a te grade as follows: Arm y nom inations beginning M alcolm P. and appeared in the Congressional Record on To be lieutenant general H enry, to be lieu tenant colonel, and ending October 4, 1973. Maj. Gen. Robert E. Huyser, xxx-xx-xxxx FR Karen P. Vaira, to be first lieu tenant, which IN THE NAVY (m ajor general, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air nominations were received by the Senate and Navy nominations beginning John William Force. a ppea red in the Co n gressio n a l Reco rd o n Ackerm an, to be chief warrant officer, W-3, The following officer, under the provisions October 1, 1973. and ending Joseph P. Venable, to be lieu te- of title 10, United States Code, section 8066, Arm y n o m in atio n s begin n in g Trevo r E . nant (jg.), which nom inations were received to be assign ed to a po sitio n o f im po rtan ce W illia m s, to b e co lo n el, a n d en d in g Fer- by the Senate and appeared in the Congres- and responsibility designated by the Presi- n an d o Zapata, Jr., to be seco n d lieu ten an t, sional Record on September 27, 1973. dent under subsection (a) of section 8066, in which n o m in a tio n s were received b y the Navy nom inations beginning H enry H is- grade as follows: S en ate an d appeared in the Co n gressio n al ashi Abe, to be captain, and ending Sue E lla To be lieutenant general Record on October 1, 1973. Yo u n g, to be ca pta in , which n o m in a tio n s Arm y nom inations beginning Anthony T. Maj. Gen. Felix M. Rogers, xxx-xx-xxxx FR were received by the Sen ate an d appeared (m ajor general, Regular Air Force) U.S. Air Alt, to be co lo n el, an d en d in g Nicho las G. in the Congressional Record on October 1, Force. Georgakis, to be lieu tenant colonel, which 1973.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

1974 BUDGET SCOREKEEPING Pen d in g actio n : The m a jo r in co m plete House Senate Enacted legislative actions affecting bu dget ou tlays REPORT NO. 7 which ha ve pa ssed o r a re pen d in g in o n e Total changes: or both H ouse of Congress are shown in de- Completed action +1 , 878 +3, 108 +2, 803 tail o n table 1 an d are su m m arized belo w: Pending action +1, 687 +3, 336 HON. GEORGE H. MAHON Appropriation bills: Incom plete action on 803 OF TEXAS Total +3, 565 +6, 444 +2, fo u r regu lar 1974 appro priatio n bills is re- fle cte d in this re po rt, with the m a jo r im - IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1974 budget outlays as adjusted by congressional changes to pact on bu dgeted ou tlays as follows: Friday, October 12, 1973 date 272, 236 275, 115 271, 474 [In millions of dollars] Mr. MAH ON. Mr. Speaker, I am in- See table 1. serting for the information of Members, House Senate their staffs, and others, excerpts from While this report reflects enacted congres- the "Budget Scorekeeping Report No. 7, sional increases in budgeted outlays of about $2.8 billion, m any significant actions are as Labor-HEW +490 as of Septem ber 28," prepared by the State-Justice -40 -2 0 staff of the Joint Committee on Reduc- yet incom plete which m ay m aterially affect Treasury-Postal Service -3 5 -6 8 tion of Federal E xpenditures. The re- the fin al im pact o f co n gressio n al actio n o r inaction on bu dgeted 1974 ou tlays. port itself has been sent to all Members. Com pleted actions: A su m m ary of m ajor Legislative bills-backdoor and mandatory: This report shows that the impact of in d ivid u al actio n s co m po sin g the $2.8 bil- Twen ty legisla tive m ea su res a u tho rizin g congressional actions completed to Sep- lio n to tal o u tlay im pact o f co m pleted co n - backdoor or m andatory ou tlays have passed tember 28 would be to increase budgeted gressional action to date on 1974 bu dgeted or are pending in one or both H ouses of Con- outlays follows: gress. 1974 outlays by about $2.8 billion. This, H ou se action on 11 su ch m easu res wou ld together with certain revenue actions, Estimated 1974 Appropriation bills: outlay impact increase fiscal 1974 budget outlays by about would have the effect of raising the es- Regular 1974 bills: (en millions) $1.3 billion. Senate action on 14 such m eas- u res wou ld increase bu dgeted 1974 ou tlays timated deficit for fiscal 1974 by more Agriculture +250 than $3 billion. at least $3.4 billion, inclu ding abou t $2 bil- Interior +75 lio n fo r so cia l secu rity in crea ses. The u n - In addition, a number of significant Pu blic Works +20 determ ined ou tlay effect of increased con- actions are as yet incomplete which may Transportation -3 0 tract au thority is exclu ded. materially affect the final impact of con- District of Colum bia - 3 The scored backdoor or m andatory im pact gressional action or inaction in this ses- 1973 supplemental bills (1974 out- +557 of these pending legislative bills inclu des the sion. The report points u p the m ajor lay im pact) fo llo win g m ajo r am o u n ts in excess o f the areas of pending action in both legisla- budgeted outlays: Su btotal, appropriation bills_ +869 tive and appropriation bills. [In millions of dollars] The excerpts from the September 28 report that I am inserting here include L e g is la tive b ills -b a ckd o o r a n d m andatory: House Senate the scorekeeping highlights from the text Fo o d s ta m p a m e n d m e n ts (P.L . and the main scorekeeping table. These 93-86) +724 Civil Service minimum retirement (in- excerpts follow: R epea l o f "b rea d ta x" (P.L . 93- cluding social security increase) +172 +2, 250 EXCERPTS FROM 1974 BUDGET SCOREKEEPING 86) +400 Mass transit operating subsidies +400 +400 School lunch +129 +300 REPORT No. 7, AS OF SEPTEMBER 28, 1973 Federal em ployee pay raise, Oct. Federal employee health insurance +234 INTRODUCTION AND 1974 SC ORE KEEPING 1, 1973 (S. Res. 171) +358 Veterans pensions +208 +172 Veterans drug treatment +144 HIGHLIGHTS W elfa re-m ed ica id a m en d m en ts P.L. 93-66) +122 Budget outlays (expenditures) Unem ploym ent benefits extention REVENUE LEGISLATION The impact of congressional action through (P.L . 93-53) +116 Septem ber 28 on the President's fiscal year Veterans national cem eteries (P.L . The J u n e 1 b u d ge t re vis io n s e s tim a te 1974 budget outlay requests, as shown in this 93-43) +110 revenu e for fiscal 1974 at $266 billion. This report, m ay be su m m arized as follows: S o cia l S e cu rity-lib e ra lize d in - is an increase of $10 billion over the original com e exem ption (P.L . 93-66) +100 January estim ate of $256 billion. Com pleted [In millions of dollars' Winema forest expansion (P.L . 93- legislative actio n to d ate, has the effect o f 102) +70 reducing 1974 revenue estimates by $492 mil- lion, as follows: House Senate Enacted Veterans dependents' health care (P.L . 93-82) +65 Railroad Retirement: decrease of $612 mil- Airport development (P.L . 93-44) _ +15 lion due to failure to provide additional trust 1974 budget outlay (expenditure) RE A-rem oved from bu dget (P.L . fu nd receipts requ ested. estimate 268, 671 268, 671 268, 671 Congressional changes to date 93-32) -1 46 S o cia l secu rity wa ge ta xes: in crea se o f (committee action included): $120 m illion in tru st fu nd revenu e du e to a Appropriation bills: Subtotal, legislative bills____ +1, 934 wage base increase. Completed action +663 +990 +869 Pending action +399 -5 4 DEFICIT POSITION Legislative bills: Total, 1974 ou tlay im pact of Completed action +1, 215 +2, 118 +1, 934 The 1974 budget deficit, as revised June 1, Pending action +1, 288 +3, 390 completed congressional ac- is estim ated at $2.7 billion-a decrease of $10 tion +2, 803 billio n fro m the original January estimate 34008 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 1"2, 19·73 of $12.7 billion. Although there has been BUDGET AUTHORITY (APPROPRIATIONS AND OTHEB House Senate Enacted Indication that further revision 1n the deficit OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY) projection 1s possible due to revenue adjust­ The impact of congressional action legislative bills: ments, this 1s the latest offi.cial estimate. It through September 28 on the President's Completed action ______+1, 977 +2, 190 +1, 966 reflects a federal funds deficit of $18.8 btl­ $290.4 blllion budget authority request for Pending action ______+1, 313 +3, 693 ------lion and a trust fund surplus. of $16.1 blllion. fiscal year 1974, as shown in this report, may Shifts between fiscal years be summarized as follows: 1973 and 1974 (net) On the basts of changes to date (includ­ due to timing of action Ing committee action) by the respective [In millions of dollars] on budget requests ___ +3, B90 +3, B90 +3, B90 Houses of Congress 1n budget outlay (ex­ Total changes: penditure) and revenue requests, the 1974 House Senate Enacted Completed action _____ +5, 956 +7, 006 +6, 340 unifled budget deficit would be: Pending action ______+2, 422 +3, 515 ------Billion Congressional changes to date in requested 1974 budget au­ TotaL------+B, 37B +10, 521 +6, 340 Budget estima~ (revised June 1) ---- $2.7 thority (committee action Based on House changes to date______7. 0 included): Total changes, excluding shifts Based on Senate changes to date_____ 9. 7 Appropriation bills: between fiscal years due to Completed action______+B9 +926 +484 timin&------+4, 48B +6, 631 +2, 450 Based on changes enacted to date____ 6. 0 Pending action ______+1, 109 -17B ------

TABLE NO. I.-ESTIMATED EFFECT OF CONGRESSIONAL ACTIONS DURING THE 1ST SESSION OF THE 93D CONGRESS ON INDIVIDUAL BILLS AFFECTING BUDGET AUTHORITY AND OUTLAY (EXPENDITURES) (AS OF SEPT. 2B, 1973) (In thousands of dollars] Congressional actions on budget authority Congressional actions on budget outlays (changes from the budget) (changes from the budget) Items acted upon House Senate Enacted House Senate Enacted (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Fiscal year 1974: Appropriation bills (changes from the 1974 budget): 1973 bills: 1973 Labor-HEW appropriations (continuing resolution, Public Law 93-9>------(1) (1) (1) Urgent supplemental, 1973 (Public Law 93-25>------+36, 000 +36, 000 +36, 000 2d supplemental, 1973 (vetoed bill, H.R. 7447>------(+27, 000) (+202, 000) (+150, 000) 3 5 0 ~~a~~i~~~~~~~~a~o;;J~g~~~~s~~~-: _~ _ }_~---_::=====:::::::=:::::::::=:::::::::::=:==::::::=:=:=:::::::::::::::=:::=::: a 4=1~~·. ~~~ 1 t1~~·. ~~~ 1 =U~8: ~g~ 1974 regular bills: Legislative branch (H.R. 6691) __ ------16,900 -36,592 (f) -16,000 -11,400 {t) Agriculture, Environmental and Consumer Protection (H.R. B619>------133, Bl3 a +357, 375 '• +lOB, 116 +135, 000 I +300, 000 1 e +250, 000 District of Columbia (Public Law 93-91>------5, 2Bl -15, 2Bl -15, 2Bl -2,550 -2,550 -2,550 Transportation and related agencies (Public Law 93-9B>------139, 501 -51, 381 -112,286 -40,000 -6,000 -30,000 Housing and Urban Development, Space, Science, Veterans (H.R. 8825)____ +453, 501 +500, 920 • +439, 047 ------7 +45, 000 (') Labor, Health, Education, and Welfare (H.R. 8877)______+1, 264,352 ------+490, 000 ------Interior and related agencies (H.R. B917).------4, B77 +11B, 406 I +12, 770 +30, 000 +105, 000 I +75, 000 State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary (H.R. B916)______-B2, 134 -63,423 (4) -40,000 -20,000 (t) Public Works and Atomic Energy (Public Law 93-97>------Bl, 074 +15, 513 -B, 066 -16,400 +37, 000 +20, 000 Treasury, Postal Service, and general government (H.R. 9590)______-56,622 -77,999 (4) I -35, 000 -6B, 000 (') Subtotal, appropriation bills·------+1, 197,651 +747, 53B +484, 300 +1, 061,650 +935, 650 +B69, 050• legislative bills (changes from the 1974 budget): "Backdoor" spending authorizations (not requiring further appropriation action): Federal Fmancing Bank (contract authority) (H.R. SB74, S. 925)------• +25, 000 +25, 000 ------IN.A. N.A. Flood insurance (borrowing authority) (H.R. B449>------(10) ------N.A. Airport development (contract authority) (Public Law 93-44)------­ +ts, ooo ------+i5;ooo·------+i5;of)(r Federal-aid Highway Act of 1973 (contract authority) (Public Law 93-87) (increase over requests>------11 +1, 307,220 11 +1, 307,220 +1, 307,220 N.A. N.A. N.A. Traffic safety (contract authority) (Public Law 93-87>------+915, 000 +245, 000 +2Bl, 000 N.A. N.A. N.A. Urban mass transit operating subsidy (contract authority) (S. 3B6, H.R. 6452). • +400, 000 +400, 000 ______.____ I +400, 000 +400,000 Freight car loan guarantee (borrowing authority) (S. 1149)------+2, 000,000 ------N.A. Subtotal, "backdoor"------+2, 647,220 +3, 977,220 +1, 5B8, 220 +415, 000 +415,000 +15,000 Mandatory spending authorizations (requiring payments over which there is little or no control through the appropriation process): Federal employee health insurance contributions (H.R. 9256>------+233, 600 ------+233, 600 ------Federal employees pay raise, Oct. 1, 1973 (S. Res. 171)______u +357, 900 u +357, 900 .. ------u +357, 900 u +357, 900 Uniform relocation assistance (S. 261)------+95, 000 ------·------···------+95, 000 ------Eucalyptus tree fire hazard (S. 1697)______(U) +16, 000 ------(U) +16, 000 ------Farm bill (Public Law 93-86): Food stamp amendments ______j______u +724, 000 u +724, 000 +124, 000 u +124, 000 • u +724, 000 +724, 000 Repeal of "bread tax" (offsetting receipts)------u +400, 000 u +400, 000 +400, 000 School lunch amendments (ft.R. 9639>------+129, 500 +300, 000 (') +129, 500 +300, 000 (') Feed grain program (H.R. 6'791)______o +B9, 000 ------·------• +B9, 000 ------Peanut support (H.R. 6646).------• +B. 600 ------o +B, 600 ------Winema Forest expansion (Public Law 93-102)______+60, 000 +70, 000 +70, 000 +60, 000 +70, 000 +70, 000 Welfare-medicaid amendments (Public Law 93-66)______+122, 000 +122, 000 ------+122, 000 +122, 000 Public safety officers death gratuity (S. 15>------+6, 000 ------+6, 000 ------Public safety officers group life insurance (S. 33)------+20, 000 ------+20, 000 ------Victims of crime-payments (S. 300>------+7, 000 ------+7, 000 ------~ Deputy marshals pay raise (H.R. 5094>------+2, 070 ------+2, 070 ------Early retirement-customs inspectors (H.R. 607B)______+3, 900 ------+3, 900 ------Veterans drug and alcohol treatment (S. 284>------+144, 136 ------+144, 136 ------Veterans dependents' health care (Public Law 93-82>------+64, 915 +103, BOO +64, 915 +64, 915 +103, BOO +64, 915 • Veterans national cemeteries (Public Law 93-43>------+96, 720 +110, 000 +110, 000 +96, 720 +110, 000 +110, 000 Veterans pension increase (H.lt 9474>------+20B, 400 +111, 900 (') +20B, 400 +171, 900 (') Civil Service-Minimum retirement (S. 1866, H.R. 9107>------• +172, 000 +170, 000 ------'------• +172, 000 +2, 250, 000 ------Civil Service-Survivor annuity modification (S. 62B). ------+B, 500 ------+8, 500 ------Civil Service-National Guard technician retirement (S. B11>------+7, 900 ------+7, 900 ------Civil Service-Early retirement, hazardous occupations (H.R. 9281)______+41, 100 ------+41, 100 ------Civil Service-Retirement cost-of-living liberalization (H.R. 3799)______+200 ------+200 ------Civil Service-Survivor benefits (S. 2174>------+4, 600 ------+4, 600 ------Social security-Exempt wages (trust fund) (Public Law 93-66)------+120, 000 +120, 000 ------+100, 000 +100, 000 Unemployment benefits-Extension (trust fund) (Public Law 93-53)------+115, 700 +115, 700 Railroad retirement (revenue) (trust fund) (Public Law 93-69)------612,000 -612,000 -612,000 N.A. N.A. N.A. Subtotal, mandatory------+1, 222,005 +1, 946,736 +956, B15 +2, 234,005 +5, 134,436 +2, 064, 515 Adjustments and other changes (legislative provisions having impact on budget totals): Rural electrification loans-Remove from budget (Public Law 93-32)______-579,000 ------579,000 -146,000 ------146,000 Forest roads and trails-repeal of permanent appropriation (S~ 1775)------• -40,900 ------• -40,900 ------Subtotal, other------579,000 -40,900 -579,000 -146,000 -40,900 -146,000 ·October 12, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34009

Congressional actions on budget authority Congressional actions on budget outlays (change~ from the budget) (changes from the budget) Items acted upon House Senate Enacted House Senate Enacted (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Shifts between fiscal years 19,3 and 1974 (impact on budget totals due tot ming of action on budget requests): Airport development (contract authority)-shift to 1973 (Public Law 93-44)__ -560,000 -560,000 -560,000 ------·· federal-aid highways (contract authority)-shift from 1973 (Public Law 93-87)_------+1,450,000 +1,450, 000 + 1, 450, 000 ------Urban mass transportation (contract authority)-shift from 1973 (Public Law 93-87) ------+3,000,000 +3, 000,000 +3, 000,000 ------Subtotal, shifts ______------_-_------+3,890, 000 +3, 890,000 +3, 890, 000 __ - __ ___ ---_____ -----______----_. ======Subtotal,legislative bills ____ ------+7,180, 225 +9, 773,056 +5, 856,035 +2. 503,005 +5, 508,536 +1, 933,515 ====~~==~~~==~~~======Total, fiscal year 1974 (including shifts)_ ------+8, 377,876 +10, 520,594 +6, 340, 335 +3, 564, 655 +6, 444, 186 +2, 802, 565

1 The!continuing resolution extended funding for items in the vetoed 1973 Labor-HEW appro­ o Committee action. priation! bill to June 30, 1973, in lieu of processing another regular 1973 appropriation bill in this 7 Does not reflect possible outlay effect, estimated at $70 million, of Senate floor amendment session. The revised 1973 budget estimates showed appropriations for these items at the level which provided that funds in bill for housing programs would not become available unless HUD requested last session, and also proposed amendments to the then-pending requests. The level funds presently impounded are released and used for purposes appropriated. of the budget authority under the continuing resolution, the same as provided last session, is s Pending signature. estimated to be about $1 billion higher than shown in the budget, and no action is contemplated 9 Does not reflect outlay impact, estimated at $164 million, of denial of transfer authority re- on the froposed amendments to reduce budget authority by $966 million with potential outlay quested for GSA. effect o $470 million in 1973 and $391 million in 1974. The scorekeeping above shows the impact 10 Indefinite. of inaction on the proposed amendments in budget authority. u Enacted figure used for comparability. 2 Replaces vetoed bill, H.R. 7447; fY 1973 appropriations only. 12 Assumes pay increase of 4.77 percent, as indicated in H. Doc. 93-140. a Estimated increase due to obligation of funds, proposed in the budget for recission, pursuant u Rejected. to ,c~~~~;~~i~~~~r irnt~~~~~r~~~!~ted court orders. N.A.-Cost estimate not available or undetermined at this time. 1 Exc~udes increase of $300 million in budget authority and outlays providing funding for man­ datory food stamp amendments, reflected below against the farm Bill for scorekeeping purposes.

FEDERAL STUDENT ASSISTANCE mine who gets a grant, academic achieve­ tion. The financial aid office of the educa­ 'PROGRAMS ment having no bearing. Applicant must tional institution processes the application, complete a detailed financial statement that applying a mandated formula, and recom­ is subject to comparison with the Federal mends to the potential lender the amount of income tax return that parents have filed the interest-subsidized loan (including a pos­ HON. ALAN CRANSTON with the Internal Revenue Service. In gen­ sible zero dollar recommendation) for which OJ' CALIFORNIA eral, a student from a family of four with the student qualifies. Prior to March 1, a an income of $11,000 or more would not student from a family with an adjusted in­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES qualify for a grant. However, factors that come of less than $15,000 could qualify for Friday, October 12, 1973 can offset a higher income and enable a an interest-subsidized loan, but under new student to get a grant are a large family, regulations many students who formerly Mr. CRANSTON. Mr. President, the brothers and sisters in college, both parents qualified are finding themselves ineligible. New York Times recently published an working and usually large medical ex­ Size of loan: In general, loans may be for excellent summary and analysis of the penses. up to $2,500 a year--not to exceed $7,500 present Federal financial aid programs Size of grant: Ranging from $50 to $452-­ during an entire undergraduate career and available to students continuing their the top grant going to a student from a fam­ $10,000 during the course of undergraduate education. ily that according to its income and assets and graduate education. The annual amounts This article contains valuable infor­ cannot afford to contribute anything toward and cumulative totals vary, though, in some the student's education. states, including Connecticut and New York. mation for all students needing financial Terms of repayment: This is a grant and Terms of repayment: No payment on prin­ aid to continue their education. For that there is no repayment involved. cipal is required until nine to 12 months after reason, I ask unanimous consent that Comments: No eligible student whose cer­ the student leaves school or until after serv­ the article "Programs Helping College tifiable need meets the established criteria ice in the m111tary, Peace Corps or VISTA. Students" be printed in the RECORD. wlll be turned down by this program. Also, Once repayment begins, it is to be completed There being no objection, the article the grant will be awarded regardless of any over a period of not more than 10 years and not less than five years, or sooner if the loan was ordered to be printed in the RECORD other Federal grants or loans the student may receive. If a sufficient level of funding is can be paid off at a rate of $360 a year. In as follows: authorized by Congress, the program is to be the event of default, the Federal or State [From the New York Times, Sept. 4, 1973] expanded to include all needy undergrad­ guarantee agency wlll compensate the private PROGRAMS HELPING COLLEGE STUDENTS uates, full-time and part-time. The top grant lender and attempt to recover the money (Following are the five major programs would be $1,400. from the student. administered through the United States Of­ GUARANTEED STUDENT LOANS Comments: While this program appears to five of Education for aiding postsecondary be open to all applicants it has not worked Eligib111ty. Anyone enrolled as an under­ out that way. All of the money being loaned school students and the major state-operated graduate or graduate student in any of 8,200 programs in the metropolitan area. In addi­ belongs to private lenders who participate participating colleges, universities and nurs­ voluntarily and retain the ultimate decision tion to these programs there are other spe­ ing, vocational, technical, trade, business or cialized forms of Federal assistance, private about who gets a loan. The new needs anal­ home study schools. ysis formula has had the effect of disqualify­ loans and a wide variety of scholarships of­ How to apply: Applications may be ob­ fered by foundations, agencies and the edu­ ing many of the students who would have cational institutions themselves.) tained from participating educational insti­ gotten interest-subsidized loans under the tutions, banks, savings and loans, credit old rules. The lending institutions could go BASIC EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY GRANTS unions and the United States Office of Edu­ ahead and give loans through the program Ellgib111ty: Open to fulJ-time freshmen at cation. that are not interest-subsidized, but are re­ colleges, universities and vocational and tech­ When to apply: At any time. luctant to do so. Not only is this a time of nical schools who did not attend a post­ Criteria: All students are eligible, regard­ tight money, but apparently the lenders do secondary education institution prior to less of how high the family income. Only not want to get too much of their money July 1, 1973. those with established need, however, can tied up in loans on which payment on the How to apply: Applications are available qualify to have the Federal Government pay principal 1s delayed until after the student from post-secondary institutions, high the interest on the loan; others must pay leaves school. schools, post offices, state employment offices, their own interest. Those seeking interest­ Moreover, whlle a lender can blll the Fed­ county agricultural extension agencies and subsidized loans must fill out a needs analysis eral Government in one lump sum for the Box G, Iowa City, Iowa., 52240. divulging income and assets. Such factors as interest on all the subsidized loans, stuctents When to apply: As soon as possible for the a large family, brothers and sisters in college, must be bUled indlvldua.lly for interest on academic year now beginning. both parents working and unusually large unsubsidized loans--making such loans un­ Criteria: Family income and assets deter- medical expenses are taken into considera- attractive to the lender because of the great- 34010 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 12, 1973 er servicing costs. The March 1 regulationa elor's degree and up to $10,000 during the indeed reaffirm our faith in our country and were ostensibly to make it easier for the mid­ entire undergraduate and graduate career. examine the depts of our own courage and dle-class to get the guaranteed loans, but the Terms of repayment: Begins after leaving commitment to the ideals of patriotism change has had the opposite effect. Congress school or service in m111tary, Peace Corps or which Sam Davis represented. has had hearings on the problems that have VISTA. Interest of 3 per cent on unpaid bal­ As we gather here at this time, first--! developed and there is a widespread opinion ance of loan is charged when repayment pe­ want to commend and congratulate Mrs. among authorities on the program that the riod begins. Maximum length of repayment Sarah King for her dedication and devo­ law needs further changes if it is actually period is 10 years. Loan is canceled and no tion to preserving, promoting and perpetu­ meant to be of use to students from a wide repayment necessary for teachers of the ating our heritage and traditions. range of income groups. handicapped and teachers in inner-city As we all know, Sarah King is Regent of the SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY in combination with College Work-Study Sam Davis Memorial Association-and she is GRANTS and Supplementary Educational Opportu­ also Curator-General of the Daughters of the EUgiblllty: For undergraduates in colleges nity Grant. American Revolution-a great and patriotic and universities and students in other ap­ Size of loan: Up to a total of $2,500 while national organization. I predict further hon­ proved post-secondary schools. Half-time as enrolled in a vocational school or during the ors for Sarah yet to be attained. well as full-time students. first two years of a degree program. Up to a Sarah, along with her co-workers, is most How to apply: Through the financial aid total of $5,000 while studying toward a active in this important work of retaining, office of the institution in which enrolled. bachelor's degree and up to $10,000 during continuing and preserving our traditions and When to apply: As soon as possible for this the entire undergraduate a.nd graduate history. year and upon acceptance for next year. career. I want to commend also the other officers Criteria: For students of "exceptional Terms of repayment: Begins after leaving and members of the Sam Davis Association­ need," who without the grant would be un­ school or service in military, Peace Corps or it takes dedicated people to sustain an effec­ able to continue their education. Final deter­ VISTA. Interest of 3 per cent on unpaid bal­ tive organization like this Association-and mination of need is up to the College's finan­ ance of loan is charged when repayment pe­ certainly all of you who are devoted to the cial aid office. This grant is often given in riod begins. Maximum length of repayment ideals and principles that motivated Sam combination with National Direct Student periods is 10 years. Loan is canceled and no Davis are to be commended and congratu­ Loan and College Work-Study aid to form repayment necessary for teachers of the han­ lated. a single assistance package. dicapped and teachers in inner-city schools A great American writer, John Greenleaf Size of grant: Not less than $200 or more and servicemen who spend one year in a Whittier, once wrote: than $1,500 a year. Normally, renewed for up combat zone. "When faith is lost and honor dies, the to four years--or five years when course of Comments: This is the original of the Fed­ man is dead." study requires extra time. The total that eral assistance programs for students, which Certainly Sam Davis kept the faith and may be awarded is $4,000 for a four-year began as the National Defense Student Loans exalted honor-and although he was exe­ course of study and $5,000 for a five-year in the late nineteen-fifties in the wake of cuted more than a century ago, he lives on course. the panic over the launching of the Soviet in history today. Terms of repayment: This is a grant and Union's first satellite. It was awarded on the At the entrance of the National Archives there is no repayment involved. basis of academic achievement, largely to BuUding in Washington, there is an in­ Comments: In the past. 72.7 per cent of students in the 'sciences and education. scription which reads: "What Is Past Is these grants have gone to students whose Academic achievement no longer figures in Prologue" family income is below $6,000; students from the loan and major field of study makes lit­ In other words, history runs in cycles. fam111es with incomes in excess of $9,000 tle difference. Students from famllles with We frequently see history repeating itself. have received 4.2 per cent of the grants. incomes in excess of $12,000 get 10.6 per cent It is very interesting to know and to reallze of the loans. that the lengendary courage and loyalty of COLLEGE WORK-STUDY Sam Davis continues to inspire the same Ellglblllty: For undergraduates and grad­ quallties of nob1Uty and patriotism in men uate students ln colleges, unlversltles and caught up in the horror of war more than a approved post-secondary schools. Half-time TRmUTE TO SAM DAVIS OF TEN­ century later. as well as full-time students. NESSEE-"BOY HERO OF THE Captain Bill Lawrence-Tennessee's high­ How to apply: Through the financial aid CONFEDERACY" est ranking prisoner of war-wrote a poetic office of the institution in which enrolled. tribute to Sam Davis while in a prisoner of When to apply: As soon as possible for this war camp in Vietnam. He concluded his year and upon acceptance for next year. HON. JOE L. EVINS poem with these words: Criteria: The offer of a job is based on OF TENNESSEE "And many a time during my life as trials need, as determined by the college's financial I have faced, aid office. The Federal money is used to pay IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the wages. The job may be for as many as Friday, October 12, 1973 I have thought Of my hero Sam Davis and 40 hours a week at a nonprofit on-campus my back was braced." (cafeteria, library, laboratory) or off-campus Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, What was it about this young Tennes­ (hospital, school, government agency) site. I was honored and pleased last Sunday sean--sam Davis-that has been such an Usually awarded as a package in combination to join others in honoring the memory inspiration for more than a century to his with Supplementary Educational Opportu­ of Sam Davis, of Smyrna and Ruther­ countrymen? nity Grant and National Direct Student Loan. ford County, Tenn., a brave, loyal, and Let us recapture the scene of the martyr­ Amount of pay: From $1.60 to $3.60 an courageous young man who gave his life dom of Sam Davis as he stood before thou­ hour. Average annual compensation being sands and thousands of Union soldiers on $600. rather than betray his cause or his Seminary Hill on the outskirts of Pulaski, Terms of repayment: These are wages for friends. Tennessee, on a crisp November Day in hours worked and there is no repayment. Because of the interest of my col­ 1863-November 27, 1863. Comments: In the past, 158.7 per cent of leagues and the American people in the He had been sentenced to be hanged as a the work-study jobs have gone to students courage and valor of all Americans, I spy by a court-martial because he had in his whose family income is less than $6,000; stu­ place my remarks on this occasion in the possession certain important information dents from families with incomes in excess of RECORD: concerning the Union Army. Dressed in Confederate Gray, he was a $9,000 have received 17.3 per cent of the jobs. 'l'RmUTE TO SAM DAVIS-BOY HERO OF THE NATIONAL DIRECT STUDENT LOANS lonely figure-a 21-yea.r-old boy standing by CONFEDERACY a rough scaffold erected to end his life, sur­ Eliglb111ty: For undergraduates and grad­ Thank you, Sarah King-Mrs. Hughey rounded by a sea of blue uniforms. uate students in colleges and universities and King-Mrs. Enoch, Mayor Ridley, ladles and The noose hung above his head, a rough approved post-secondary schools. Half-time gentlemen and friends. wooden coffin at his feet. as well as full-time. Certainly I am pleased and delighted to History records that without bitterness he How to apply: Through the financial aid join with all of you here today in paying a forgave his captors. office of the institution in which enrolled. brief but sincere tribute to the memory of He had written a farewell letter to his When to apply: As soon as possible for this Sam Davis on this-the 13lst anniversary of parents which, along with a few personal ef­ year and upon acceptance for next year. his birthday. fects, he gave to a Union chaplain for deliv­ Criteria: The loan is based entirely on This is an important occasion. ery. need, as determined by the college's finan­ This is a significant occasion. The letter said, in part, cial aid office. Usually awarded as a package May I say that this occasion has already "Mother, do not grieve for me-I do not in combination with College Work-Study and had a profound impact upon me because I fear to die." Supplementary Educational Opportunity have had the opportunity of again reviewing He then announced. that he was ready. Grant. the wonderful story of the quiet heroism of At that point the commander of the unit Size of loan: Up to a total of $2,500 while Sam Davis, often called the "boy hero of the that had captured young Sam came riding enrolled in a vocational school or during the Confederacy". furiously to the spot where Sam was seated. first two years of a degree program. Up to a Today as we recall the incredible bravery "Davis"-he sald-"you are not the man total of $5,000 while studying toward a bach- and courage of this young man, we should who should be hung, and 1! you wlll tell me October 12, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34011 who General Bragg's chief of scouts is, your I am reminded of the advice of General It then went to the President and if signed life will be spared." Robert E. Lee to fellow Southerners follow­ would have become law. The simple, direct reply was in the form ing his surrender at AppomattoJr.. General However, the Administration did not want of a question: Lee said: "Abandon your animosities and to keep the Public Health Hospitals open "Do you suppose, were I your friend, that make your sons Americans." and the President vetoed the blll, against the I would betray you?" Sam asked the Union Today we all are Americans. majority of the Congress. officer. As Americans we appreciate the true spirit Because S. 504 originated in the Senate, it The officer had no answer-he persisted in ,of a patriot. Even the Union troops who saw must first go back to the Senate for a vote his efforts to get the young man to betray Sam Davis hanged praised his courage, loy­ 1! they wish to override the President's ' 'eto. his friends and the Confederacy. alty and patriotism. The Senate met the requirements and over­ "Sir"-Davis said-"Sir, 1! you think that His life and death are an inspiration to the rode the President's veto by over two-thirds. I am that kind of man, you have missed your young men and women of today-Sam Davis S. 504 then went to the House for a vote to mark. I would rather die a thousand deaths simply refused to budge one inch from his override the President's veto. However, some than betray a friend or be false to duty." principles, no matter what the cost. of the House Members switched their original Within two minutes the trap was sprung As we stand on this hallowed ground-near vote on the blll and voted not to override and sam Davis left those immortal words as the grave of this hero, we can draw strength the President's veto. The vote, however, was his epitaph: from his courage and his high principles­ five votes short of the necessary two-thirds "I would rather die a thousand deaths than we can renew our appreciation for the pa­ to override the veto. The PHS and 8. 504 betray a friend or be false to duty." triotism that Sam Davis demonstrated for was dead. History records that tears streaked the his beloved Southland. There are 435 U.S. Representatives and 100 faces of many of the Union soldiers who wit­ He gave all he had to give-he made the U.S. Senators elected to represent the people nessed the execution---especially those close supreme sacrifice. of the United States. enough to the scaffold to hear young Davis I am reminded of the eloquence of John There is the President, also elected to rep­ refuse to compromise his cause or betray his Masefield, the English poet who wrote: resent the people of the United States. friends. The majority of these elected officials voted As a matter of fact, the attitude of the "Man with the burning soul to save the PHS-yet S. 504 was killed be­ Union soldiers toward Sam Davis following Has but an hour of breath cause the President said "No" and one-third his execution attests to his martyrdom. To build a ship of truth plus five of the House of Representatives When Mr. John C. Kennedy of Rutherford On which his soul may sail­ also said "No". County went to Pulaski to return the body of Sail to the golden shore." One of the first lessons we learn in a De­ Sam Davis here to his home, he received the In his . brief span of life, certainly Sam mocracy is that the majority rules. most courteous treatment and cooperation Davis built his ship of truth. Is the above an example of "the majority from Federal troops. At this beautiful and historic homeplace rules?" There are arguments pro and con on When he discussed the matter with the where we honor the memory of the "Boy Hero this type of example. Provost Marshal of the Federal troops at Pul­ of the Confederacy", it occurs to me that Without getting further into this phase aski, this officer commented: perhaps we may not have paid adequate and of our Democratic process nor condemning "Tell the parents of Sam Davis for me that sufficient tribute to the mother and father it, it does cause one to give serious thought he died the bravest of the brave, an honor of Sam Davis-Charles and Jane Davis. to what seems like a trend. to them, and with the respect of every man in The parents of Sam Davis reared a noble During this session of Congress we have this command." and magnificent son, who met his hour of witnessed a Congress voting for a blll and When Mr. Kennedy asked the officer 1! he truth with courage and confidence-and yet the President vetoing it. We have had it might have any interference in removing the his loss was, I am sure, sheer agony for them. spelled out clear that regardless of how the body from the cemetery, the officer replied: And so, I suggest in reflection that we not 535 elected officials vote, the President can "No, sir-if you do, I wm give you a com­ only revere the memory of Sam Davis, but obtain his wm by just one-third plus one in pany-yes, a regiment, 1! necessary." that we also honor the memory of his either House. This is our process. At the cemetery several Federal soldiers parents. When a President is at odds with the Con­ stood at attention with caps in hand as the They gave their most priceless possession gress, the "majority rules" can be badly body was removed and taken away. to the cause of the Southland-their noble abused. On the way back Federal troops lifted son-sam Davis-the· "Boy Hero of the We hope this seemingly trend has a very and literally carried the wagon containing Confederacy." short life and that the better methods of the body down to the river crossing at Col­ consultation and compromise are used more umbia and up the steep incline on the other often. side. After Mr. Kennedy thanked them, the WHEN IS THE MAJORITY NOT THE FATHER FRANCIS HENRY BURNS OF Union soldiers quietly raised their caps and MAJORITY? watched the wagon out of sight. UTICA, MICH., MARKS 25TH ANNI­ Perhaps the greatness in Sam Davis was VERSARY OF ORDINATION the fact that he quietly accepted his death as inevitable following his courtmartial and HON. DONALD M. FRASER was quietly outraged by the suggestion that OF MINNESOTA HON. JAMES G. O'HARA he sell his principles to preserve his life. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF MICHIGAN Some dramatic moments and events in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES history are caught up and swept forward Friday, October 12, 1973 Friday, October 12, 1973 with the tide to live forever. Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, there is Such an event was the execution of Sam Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, for the past Davis and the calm courage and deep loyalty widespread public concern over President he displayed. Nixon's wholesale use of the Presidential quarter century, the Reverend Francis I regret to say, my friends, that many veto, especially in the area of social legis­ Henry Bums, pastor of St. Lawrence things are going on in our Government to­ lation. I believe that an editorial pub­ Catholic Church in Utica, Mich., has been day that do not reflect the high principle lished in the October 4, 1973, edition of laboring in the Lord's vineyard, helping and integrity that Sam Davis demonstrated. the Stars and Stripes-the National to reap a bumper crop of souls in his This young man stood for-fought far­ Tribune reflects this concern very well. service to God and his fellowman. and died for the highest of principles. Father Burns will mark the 25th an­ He refused to compromise-he refused to When one considers the Stars and temporize-he refused to betray his South­ Stripes tendency to editorially support mversary of .tis ordination to the priest­ land-or his friends. the decisions of the present administra­ hood at specia! ceremonies this week­ In conclusion, permit me a personal note tion, this editorial becomes remarkable end. I have the privilege of being a mem­ and reference with respect to the time frame and suggests a truly widespread ques­ ber of St. Lawrence's parish, and it is of the Civil War. tioning of Mr. Nixon's use of his veto therefore a personal honor for me to be My great-grandfather, on my mother's side, powers. able to join with the other members of Perry Webb, was kllled in the Battle of Perry­ the parish and the ever-widening circle vme, Kentucky in 1863-he fought on the The article follows: WHEN Is THE MAJORITY NoT THE MAJORITY? of Father Bums' friends and admirers in side of the South. This was indeed the pe­ this riod and time of great division-the nation We have experienced in this Congress a payin.g tribute to this man of God on was divided-fam111es were divided-but to­ series of what many call, "ruling by veto." occasiOn of his silver jubilee. day we are one "united" States. Recently a bill, S. 504, the Emergency Med­ One of the 10 children of Frank H. It was Andrew Jackson who, in his famous ical Service b111 with an amendment to save and !ranees Martin Burns, he was toast in Washington, said: "Our Federal the Public Health Hospital System, passed born m Detroit on April 20, 1921, and, in Union-it must be preserved." ' the Senate. In the regular form, it then went the closeness of his own family he learned Let me say of all assembled here that we to the House and passed. the Cm·istian concepts that he was to are Tennesseans-we are Southerners-and s. 504 passed both Houses by more than a we are also all Amerlcans. majority. carry with him later into the priest­ hood-the concepts of faith, hope, and 34012 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 12, 1973 love. Francis Bums was destined for the undergoing a cutback in personnel and mone­ cumnavigate the globe thousands of priesthood, and three of his sisters were tary allocations at the present time. There­ miles in space. We have seen our own destined to serve the Lord in a special fore, any expenditure of public funds on astronauts explore the moon and return way as well, and now serve in the re­ military installations affected by such for safely after living almost 2 months in ligious order of the Immaculate Heart of recreational purposes is questionable and, at the Sky Lab. This took the self-same the most, foolhardy. courage which Columbus mustered he Mary. The Army Base has either spent or plans as He attended st. Rose Parochial School, to spend for the following: set forth on a journey to unknown lands Sacred Heart Seminary in Detroit, and over uncharted seas in three frail little Handball Court ______$47, 500 St. Mary of the West Seminary in Cin­ ships. cinnati, Ohio, and on May 22, 1948, was Tennis Court______20, 000 America needs more and more of brav­ ordained to the priesthood by the late Air Conditioning for General's Suite 24,000 ery and determination which Colum­ Edward Cardinal Mooney. Gas Tanks (Reserve)------60, 000 bus and our spacemen demonstrated. Then followed a series of assignments Total Cost ______141,500 We need it to chart the yet unsolved in the Archdiocese of Detroit-assistant routes toward improved human rela­ pastor of Our Lady Queen of Peace 1n That's a lot of money for a base whose total tions, to navigate the precarious routes Harpers Woods; St. Martin's, Visitation, mllitary population is barely over 300! to world peace, to explore successfully Holy Name and Christ the King in De­ $67,600 for recreational purposes would all the avenues to privation and human equate to almost $225 per person, and the troit; and Holy Innocents in Roseville. majority of the personnel who participate suffering and find lands of good and After a year as Chaplain at the Medical in these particular sports are "OFFICERS." fullsome living. Center Hospital Complex in Detroit, Furthermore, there are many tennis and The more we understand the make­ Father Bums was named as pastor of handball courts in the neighborhood com­ up of Christopher Columbus, the easier St. Luke's in Detroit in 1967, and 2 munities that could be utilized by military it becomes for us to emulate his traits. years ago he became pastor of my own personnel. To achieve this understanding it is es­ parish, St. Lawrence's in Utica. $24,000 for the General's ofH.ce is ridiculous! sential that we give our fullest support Down through the years, Father Bums There are only eight persons employed there to the splendid Italo-American organi­ or $3,000 each for personal luxury/comfort. has become highly regarded as a counsel­ $50,000 for reserve gas tanks for the sole zations which have long assumed the lor to those in trouble, as a priest dedi­ purpose of "hoarding fuel" is much too high leadership in providing proper observ­ cated to doing the Lord's work, and as a a price for the taxpayers to bear. ance of this day. My own close ties with warm and generous friend to those in I would appreciate your intervention in the leaders of these organizations have need. curbing or stopping these wanton expendi­ convinced me of their patriotism and On Sunday, October 14, the members tures of OUR FUNDS. their dedication to public service of the of his personal family and his parish Sincerely yours, highest type, for in truth they follow family, along with the host of friends CLAYTON R. PAo, in the footsteps of Columbus and the he has made during his quarter century President. scores of other Italians to whom America of service in the Archdiocese of Detroit, is so much indebted. will join in a special mass and ceremonies COLUMBUS DAY Mr. Speaker, I consider Columbus Day in tribute to Father Bums. It will be to offer me a good opportunity to ex­ my privilege to participate in that happy press my appreciation for so many fine event, and to join in wishing many more HON. JOHN J. ROONEY Italian friends both here and in Italy. productive years of living his belief in OF NEW YORK To them I again extend my thanks and the fatherhood of God and the brother­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES my congratulations on the beneficial hood of man. Friday, October 12, 1973 services they are rendering to all of us. Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr. EXCESSIVE EXPENDITURES AT Speaker, of all the successful legisla­ MIAMI-TOUCHSTONE OF LIBERTY OAKLAND ARMY BASE tive efforts in which other Members of this body and I have participated, none HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN gives me greater personal satisfaction HON. JEROME R. WALDIE than that of achieving recognition of OF FLORmA OF CALIFORNIA Columbus Day as a national holiday. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES All Americans can now join our loyal Friday, October 12, 1973 Friday, October 12, 1973 Italo-American citizens and our Latin Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, on Sep­ neighbors to the south of us in their tember 26, the House passed the Immi­ Mr. WALDm. Mr. Speaker, I would traditional honoring of the man who like to include for the RECORD a letter I gration and Nationality Act amend­ first stepped forth on the shores of this ments. Portions of this blll modify the recently received from Mr. Clayton R. hemisphere. Now the peoples comprising Pao, president, Local 1157, American present definition of refugee by expand­ the entire New World join hands to cele­ ing it to include conditional entry for Federation of Government Employees, brate the birthday of Christopher Co­ AFL-CIO. political refugees from any country in the lumbus. This unity of purpose is well­ world. The current law restricts refugees Mr. Pao writes about the excessive ex­ placed for no other man in history has penditure at Oakland Army Base for to those who have fled communisms or made a greater or a more lasting con­ certain defined areas in the Middle East. recreational purposes and luxury fur­ tribution to the development and ex­ Furthermore, this preferential system nishings. Most disturbing is the fact that panded growth of this new continent. only extends to Eastern Hemisphere na­ Oakland Army Base has been undergoing The observance of Columbus Day has tions. With the exception of CUbans who a major reduction-in-force, supposedly many benefits for all of us. It brings us for fiscal reasons. The evidence Mr. Pao flee their homeland, an alien cannot .closer to our Italo-Amerlcan friends. It qualify as a refugee if he is a native of presents makes me question the Army's improves our friendship with the people a Western Hemisphere country. rationale for initiating this personnel of Central and South America. Becoming cutback. Miami, on the southern tip of Florida, aware again of the dauntless courage of has been the touchstone of liberty dur­ Mr. Speaker, I include the full text of Columbus, of his determination and his ing the last few months for persons flee­ Mr. Pao's letter in the REcoRD at this dedication to a single aim, of his bril­ ing the brutal regime of Duvalier in time: liant seamanship, and of his outstanding AUGUST 28, 1973. Haiti. There have been no freedom Hon. JEROME WALDIE, leadership lifts our spirits and revives flights for these refugees. They have Cannon Office ButZtUng, our appreciation for all the things this come to Miami at the risk of their lives Washington, D.C. magnificent explorer means to us. in small boats. DEAR CoNGRESSMAN WALDIE: As a union In recent years many of us have gained Yet, if they finally reach Miami safely, president and a taxpayer, I have the right to a new and expanded appreciation of the U.S. Government is less than cordial voice my objection on how the Army spends greatness of the voyage of Columbus be­ to them. For some reason, the Immigra­ my tax dollars: cause we have seen equally valiant ex­ tion and Naturalization Service has de­ As you know, the Oakland Army Base 1s plorers take off from our earth to clr- termined that these Haitians do not October 12, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34013 meet the guidelines for political refugees. would like to have it printed in the REc­ sion in America for years. Our people I reject this reasoning. The persecution ORD at this point for the benefit of my seek religion now more than ever before of peoples under Communist regimes is colleagues: 1n the history of the Republic. no different in quality than persecution DEAR PAUL: Today I enclose to you a very This most recent example of judicial by non-Communist, dictatorial govern­ good idea, and definitely want you to work at outlawing of religion must be interpreted ments. it and see 1f you can pass this law in our as an extension of the Supreme Court's During the last week of September, 62 U.S.A. To help our old people call it Goodwill ban on prayer by our little children in Deed Day~ The example and idea is stated Haitians arrived in Miami after being here in this letter. schools. Perhaps this latest court affront rescued from a sinking boat. The INS Example: All people with room 1n their to the American people will serve to in­ began deportation proceedings, and the minds, hearts, and homes should go to see crease public indignation to a point Haitians are now appealing. I believe the shut ins in Homes, county, other places where Congress will be forced to enact that in light of the proposed legislation, and in the hospital and arrange to take out the constitutional amendment legalizing and the indication of the clear intent of 1 or 2 old people who are able and take them prayer in schools and public buildings. the House, INS should suspend its pro­ home to their homes 1 and 2 days a week and And as for Patricia, and all the other ceedings. give them a treat of home atmosphere. To children and adults who feel as she does, On October 2, WTVJ in Miami aired make the old people happy and if such people we must remember, the story of Christ get along with the old people and 1f they what I believe is an excellent editorial. have room in their private homes, each has endured the assaults of godless gov­ I would like to draw the attention of my should board the old folks as some of those ernments for 2,000 years. And that no colleagues to it and, therefore, insert old people are still useful to themselves and action by any human court or politicians it in the RECORD: perhaps even help with little chores to the can alter or change an eternal truth. A CASE OF RIGHT OR LEFT household, its not right to keep such people Yes, Patricia, there will always be Thirty-five men and 27 women adrift on shut up and wait for death to claim them, Christ in Christmas. a sinking sailboat were rescued last week they need a chance to be useful to them­ I insert the related newsclippings: out in the Atlantic and brought to Miami. selves. Our people are becoming selfish and COURT LIMITS USE OF PAGEANT CRECHE They were refugees, 62 in all, trying des­ hypocrites in our country when their own perately to reach our shores .... trying to children can help to care for their own. And (By Timothy S. Robinson) reach what they hoped was freedom. this idea wm also cut down expenses of The federal government must limit its par­ Had they been from a number of other housing them in institutions and becoming ticipation in future Christmas Pageant of countries their path to asylum here would a pattern of mechanical machinery. Then Peace programs on the Ellipse unless a man­ have been smooth. you have succeeded in passing such a law. ger scene is removed from the exhibit, the Cuban exiles are given free entry. Press the idea in all U.S. newspapers so the U.S. Court of Appeals ruled yesterday. Chile, during the three-year reign of Sal­ good people with a heart can start to get b.all The result of yesterday's unanimous opin­ vador Allende, saw many of its citizens flee rolling to come to their aid and help because ion, as spelled out in its 51-page text, is to and be granted asylum here. when a person is poor that's the time the leave three basic options open to future Refugees from Eastern European nations help is most appreciated so my advice to you Christmas events on the Elllpse: have been let in .... as have many Soviet all 1s try and I assure it wtll work out o.k. The manger scene can be removed alto­ citizens. MERIAM BRUNO. gether. All these people had to do was to con­ The manger scene can stay, and the gov­ vince authorities that their return would ernment can grant the pageant's sponsors result in physical persecution based on race, the use of the park land as it would any religion or political beliefs. YES, PATRICIA, THERE WILL AL­ other group. In that case, the government But the 62 people rescued last week were WAYS BE CHRIST IN CHRISTMAS would be required to withdraw from spon­ not from any of those countries. They weren't sorship and to post plaques saying the pag­ from a Communist-dominated nation. eant was no longer a government-sponsored They were from Haiti. event. We seem to have developed an unofficial HON. JOHN R. RARICK The manger can stay, and the government distinction between those escaping a dic­ OF LOUISIANA can write new, tightly drawn regulations tatorship of the left as opposed to those es­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES concerning its limited participation in the caping a dictatorship of the right. event. For example, its participation could The Haitians yesterday were ordered to be Friday, October 12. 1973 be limited to minor financial aid and techni­ deported back to their homeland. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, more than cal sponsorship, but could not include any They are in the same boat as 300 of their government help in planning or organizing countrymen who have landed here in recent a thousand concerned people in our dis­ the event. months .... requesting asylum and having trict alone have written to me deploring Pageant of Peace officials could not be it denied. the recent Federal court of appeals de­ reached yesterday for comment on the court Those cases are under appeal. cision banning the nativity scene from decision, which was delivered by a three-man What 1s strange to us is the double the Nation's annual Christmas pageant member panel of Circuit Judges Edward A. standard. in Washington, D.C. Tamm, Harold Leventhal and Roger Robb. Haiti 1s a dictatorship. True, young Du­ They ruled that the government's partic­ valler has eased up a bit, but that small The great majority of these people ipation in planning and organizing the event nation 1s still a brutal society. The refugees have never been to this celebration in as long as the manger scene remained was in have a case. the Nation's Capital. Yet, they have deep violation of court tests concerning the sep­ Since Papa Doc's death two-and-a-half feelings of concern over the direction aration of church and state. years ago, the U.s. has been warming up to that our country is headed because of While stressing that the pageant 1s mainly the new regime. That should have nothing confused court decisions. a tourist event and agreeing that the nativity to do with this, but we wonder if it does? The court of appeals 1n Washington scene is not a major portion of it, the court It is wrong to categorize tyranny .... to reversed a lower court decision which held, "The government involvement with say that the point of a gun has an ideology. religion should be kept to a necessary mini­ The U.S. Government says the Haitians found that the manger display with the mum, and there should be avoided not only don't meet exile guidelines . . . . that they Christ child was quite acceptable under the actual interference but also the poten­ can't prove the threat of physical persecu- our church-state concept of law. What tial for and appearance of interference with tion. • the higher court overlooked, was the re­ religion." The modern history of Haiti says this ls mander of that first amendment clause In 1970, the last year listed in the Court wrong. which forbids Government from "pro­ of Appeals record, government officials held hibiting the free exercise" of religion. But two of the five positions on the executive NATIONAL GOODWILL DEED DAY committee of the 19-year-old, week-long this is what has been done. pageant. One of the most moving letters I have The ruling came in a suit brought four HON. PAUL G. ROGERS received is from an 11-year-old, sixth years ago by an Episcopal minister, a.n grade student named Patricia. She atheist, the president of the American Ethical OF FLORIDA writes: Union, .a rabbi and a Roman Catholic priest. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Please try to convince Congress to leave They sought to ban the manger scene, part Friday, October 12, 1973 Christ in Christmas. of a display that includes the national Christmas tree, on the grounds that lt repre­ Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, I have re­ How do you explain to an 11-year-old sented an unconstitutional religious activity ceived a letter from a constituent of mine child that the men who decide the con­ by the government. suggesting a Goodwill Deed Day. Since I stitutionality of our laws have been bent The U.S. District Court, in holding that feel her idea deserves much merit, I on a course of eroding religious expres- the government's participation in the event 34014 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 12, 1973 was acceptable, had compared the use of the Ah, well. As an alternative to scrapping gument we are hearing in favor of such trade manger scene on the Ellipse to the use of the the Nativity scene, the Appeals Court has today. scene in department store windows. Such suggested the scene could stay, provided that displays, in essentially nonreligious settings, the government severs its own connection diminish the religious impact of the scene, with the pageant, treating it like any other AN ALTERNATIVE TO PUBLIC FI­ the court had said. group applying for a permit to use a public "I find this reasoning unpersuasive," wrote park, or at least limits government partici­ NANCING OF FEDERAL ELECTIONS Judge Leventhal in his concurring opinion pation to a minor show of friendliness. yesterday. "It's unstated premise is that the Perhaps the President will still be allowed creche as seen in commercial settings has no to push the button that lights the tree. HON. RALPH S. REGULA substantive religious impact. Whatever rush of feeling this act engenders OF OHIO "What seems equally, if not more, likely in those who chance to behold it, we trust IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is that the commercial establishments that they can handle it without assistance from display the nativity scene, a clearly religious the courts. Friday, October 12, 1973 symbol, do so in order to evoke its emotional Mr. REGULA. Mr. Speaker, Wednes­ message, as a motivation for purchase of day, I had the privilege of testifying be­ contemporary equivalence of frankincense an TRADE BILL fore the Committee on House Adminis­ myrrh." tration, Subcommittee on Elections, on a VIEWS ON A NATIVITY SCENE proposal that I introduced which has The principle that the church should be HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS been referred to the Ways and Means separate from the state was central to the Committee. founding of this nation, and so it should OF IDAHO The thrust of my proposal is to obtain remain. But it has always seemed to us that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a broader ·range of participation by in­ if a principle is any good at all, it should Friday, October 12, 1973 terested citizens not only in Federal elec­ be able to withstand a certain amount of tions, but in State and local elections as well-intentioned, common-sensical treat­ Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, a great deal well. I insert my testimony in the RECORD ment without suffering danger of being of publicity of late has been given to the for all to read: whittled away. upcoming trade bill, which from what That's pretty much the way we felt four I understand about its present form it STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE RALPH S. years ago when three churchmen and an REGULA atheist brought suit against the inclusion would make trade with the Communists I consider it a privilege to be here today to of a Nativity scene among the other Christ­ easier. submit my testimony on a modest proposal, massy sights and sounds at the annual I would urge my colleagues to pay par­ an alternative to public financing of Fed­ "Pageant of Peace" on the Elllpse. ticular attention to the enclosed article eral elections. The plaintiffs lost in the lower courts, but when considering this bunk about A lot has been said about proposals that the U.S. Court of Appeals has just sustained detente. recognize a need for reform and answer that them, in effect agreeing that the govern­ The article follows: need by injecting the Treasury of the Federal ment's role in putting on the pagent--among Government into the breach. other things its officials serve on various FINANCING OUR OWN SLAUGHTER I have no quarrel with laudable proposals pageant committees-represents "excessive STUDY CLAIMS AMERICAN MATERIEL SUPPORTS that recognize that moderate federal support government entanglement with religion," ENEMY FORCES for contributions from the private sector can and as such is a clear violation of the First Something like 100,000 Americans have provide an important and healthy avenue for Amendment. been kllled in battle in recent years by enemy citizens to participate in the electoral pro­ Well, yes, but gee whiz. It's not as if chil­ forces equipped and moved by American cess. dren are being asked to make professions of technology. Indeed, a candidate's right to funds ought faith at public schools or feel odd if they That is the shocking message conveyed by to be measured by his ab111ty to obtain grass don't (although grace is st111 being said at researcher Antony Sutton of the Hoover In­ root support--and that includes support some schools here before lunch) and it's not stitution in a just-published study of East­ from small contributors-not only at the as if the Supreme Court, itself, doesn't rou­ West trade and its impact on the Cold War Federal level but at the grass root election tinely call on God to save it, or the Congress struggle with the Communists. Sutton's vol­ level as well. has given up having its own chaplains start ume, entitled National Suicide (Arlington Revenue sharing is the direction that legis­ each day's session with a prayer (albeit few House, $8.95) , is a popular rendering of the lation is taking the Congress. As a result, sinners are there to hear it). And it's not immense research embodied in his three­ the role of the State and local governments as 1f we haven't had prayers at the White volume survey, Western Technology and So­ is becoming increasingly important. House with breakfast and prayers at the viet Economic Development. And it drives I think, therefore, that it is very important Pentagon. How entangled in religion does home the policy implications of such trade as we move responsibility for government to government have to get before it becomes with frightful clarity. the local arena, that we be concerned about too much? Sutton shows that the Communist powers stimulating campaign contributions to wor­ We remember when, several years ago, of the world have little advanced technology thy candidates at the State and local levels through a conbination of circumstances we of their own, and in particular have been as well as at the Federal level. found ourselves at the Ellipse quite early on laggard in developing any sort of transporta­ As a practical matter, local government of­ Christmas morning. Except for one park po­ tion industry. He documents at copious fices have been and w1llincreasingly become liceman, no one else was there. It was cold, length the fashion in which American and incubators of potential candidates for Federal and quiet, and under a pale blue sky the other Western sources have supplied the office. In this Congress forty-seven percent of earth had been lightly touched with snow. factories and machines producing Soviet the Senate and forty-four percent of the Nobody made us look at the Nativity steel, trucks, marine diesel engines, tools for House at some time served in either State or scene--as a matter of fact, like many mod­ arms plants, ball bearings for missiles, tanks, local government offices. em-day creches, this one had no particular and other military vehicles, accelerometers I recently polled the constituents of my artistic merit--but we did warm ourselves for missile guidance, chemicals for the manu­ district, and one of the ten questions I asked at the yule log pit, and the whole lonely facture of explosives and propellants, proto­ was, "Should Federal tax dollars be used to landscape gave us a poignant feeling for types for · machine guns and other weapons, finance election campaigns?" Christmas such as we had not had in years. etc. The response I received was overwhelming­ With or without the Nativity scene, one The author documents all of these transac­ ly in the negative. 71.4 percent responded in could have as easily unscrambled an egg as tions in great detail and shows that the the negative. remove religion from that time and place. Communist offensives in both Korea and I therefore reject proposals to federally And whatever one's faith, or lacking any at Vietnam would have been impossible without subsidize our honored free elections proce­ all, the story of the birth of Christ is an the use of Soviet and other Iron Curtain dures. I believe we can achieve the neces­ utterly charming one, as deeply human as, technology which had been in turn provided sary reform as well as greater citizen par­ say, the story of the early life and young by the West. ticipation by providing for a greater tax cred­ manhood of Mahomet, the founder of Islam. Without these supplies, the Communists it or deduction, at the election of the con­ Next thing we know, the National Gallery, could not have sustained their aggressions tributor, for his contribution to individual possessor of what is perhaps the finest col­ in Korea and Vietnam, and the approximately candidates. lection of Italian Renaissance pah:~tings in 100,000 Americans who died in those two I have, therefore, drafted and introduced a the Western Hemisphere, wUI be asked to conflicts might be alive today. All this equip­ b111 in the House of Representatives, H..R. turn Raphael's Alba Madonna to the wall, ment was of course provided to the Com­ 9983, that I believe offers a reasonable al­ along with companion works of equal re­ munists on the grounds that it constituted ternative to both those that say our present ligious fervor. "peaceful trade"-precisely the macabre ar- system of elections favors "those that have or

: .. ~ .. ·,: ~ October 12, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34015 can ·get it" and those that advocate a Fed­ election year; that total campaign contribu­ You know, the United States is really eral subsidy of potential politicians. Perhaps tions were estimated at $300 million with 12 unique in all the world. There is no such more importantly, my bill provides incentive mlllion taxpayers participating; that in a thing as a typical or average American. for increased local participation in the elec­ Congressional campaign year the estimates The melting pot is a misnomer. Rather tion process. would be halved; and that in an off yea~. My bill contains many of the recommenda­ they would be only one quarter as large. than completely assimilating its immi­ tions of the President of the United States The Treasury does not yet have reliable grants, it embraces them and their cus­ and some of the best provisions of the various data on the actual utmzation of the exist­ toms and makes them its own. From pop bills introduced in this and the other body ing tax credit and deduction provisions, but music to Carmen, from pizza to scalopine, to date. has stated that a small sample of returns the influence of Italian culture can be I would provide a permanent Commission indicates substantially fewer taxpayers felt in the daily lives of all Americans. on Elections that is wholly independent, claimed deductions or credits than antici­ Itaiian Americans have also maintained charged with implementing the Federal Elec­ pated. At 1972 levels of contributions, the tions Campaign Act of 1971, and studying Treasury estimates that the revenue 16ss a traditional view of the importance of and recommending such changes to that Act from my proposal would be $140 million as the family in an age which too often sees as may be necessary. compared to $100 million under the 1971 people going their separate ways. I have attempted to make it more attrac­ Act. An increase of only $40 mlllion. Columbus Day is now a national holi­ tive for the small contributor to contribute I think this offers a reasonable alterna­ day, so .in a larger sense it should give to Federal elections and, unlike other pro­ tive to Federal financing of campaigns. It us pause to reflect on the great contribu­ posals, to State and local elections. has the added advantage of directly involv­ tion made by all ethnic groups that have By the same token, I have limited the ing people in the political process. come and played their part in making amounts that can be contributed to any one I believe this blll would lessen the possi­ candidate, and have strengthened what I b111ty of gross misuse of money in election America what it is today. It is a chance believe to be the intent of the 1971 Federal campaigns. It broadens the base of campaign not only to remember the discovery of Elections Campaign Act; that is, accounta­ financing while assuring that no one has this hemisphere, but to discover America b111ty, by providing that only one Committee undue influence on a candidate as a result anew and seek means to make it even may be authorized to make expenditures on of a large contribution. better. We Americans of Italian descent behalf of and receive contributions for any Thank you for the privilege of appearing are proud of our heritage, proud of our one candidate. here. The Commission is gd.ven administrative country, and proud to be a vital part of and investigatory powers and is charged to the greatest Nation on Earth-the report its recommendations to the Congress United States of America. and the President by December 1, 1974. COLUMBUS DAY-DAY OF The bill makes it unlawful for any person DISCOVERY other than a candidate, an oftlcial national party committee, or any oftlcial Congressional TRADE REFORM ACT or Senate campaign coJlliDJ.ttee, to make di­ rectly or indirectly contributions or expendi­ HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO tures on behalf of any candidate, including OF NEW YORK the authorized committee of that candidate, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI OF ILLINOIS in any calendar year any amount in excess Friday, October 12, 1973 of $2,500 in case of a Presidential or Vice IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Presidential election, and $1,000 in the case Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. Friday, October 12, 1973 of congressional electors. Speaker, today is the traditional Co­ What I mean by the oftlcial national com­ lumbus Day, marking the day 481 years Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as we mittee of a candidate or his authorized com­ ago that the first Italian American dis­ draw closer to House debate on the Trade mittee is that committee that is certified by Reform Act and the controversial fea­ the Federal Elections Commission under the covered the New World. Americans of 1971 Act, as amended, and I limit the num­ Italian descent have been contributing tures which would involve the conditions ber of such committees to one and only one. to the fullness and richness of American for trade with the Soviet Union, I believe Every candidate for Federal oftlce is re­ life ever since. it is important for all Members to recog­ quired to appoint a single committee to han­ I am proud of my Italian heritage. Our nize the full consequences of that spe­ dle his campaign financing. I prohibit inter­ fathers and forefathers came to this cial feature of the bill. committee transfers of money. country with the desire to make a new Therefore, I insert in the RECORD a let­ In addition, I have provided procedures ter I have just received from the presi­ whereby a candidate for State and local of­ life for themselves and their families. fice, may, for the purposes of complying with They dreamed of the opportunity to bet­ dent of the Lithuanian American Council, the Internal Revenue code, designate a single ter their lot through their own hard Dr. Kazys Bobelis. May I advise the Mem­ political committee which would then be work. They had heard of the promise bers that the Lithuanian American bound by "the Campaign Act prqvisions. that America holds out to peoples all Council is a nationwide organization sup­ To encourage many people to contribute to over the world: that here can be found ported by all legitimate Lithuanian­ the candidates of their choice, the allowable a nation dedicated to the principles of American groups. It is dedicated to the tax credit would be increased from $12.50 to freedom, equality, justice, regardless of restoration of freedom to Lithuania and $250, and the tax deduction from $50 to $500. to the maintenance of the strength and However, the aggregate contributions by a past history or national origin. But these taxpayer to any committee or candidate could immigrants also came with the deter­ freedom of America. not exceed either $25 for tax credit treatment mination to give back measure equal to The letter follows: or $50 for deduction treatment in any one that received-to contribute to their LITHUANIAN AMERICAN COUNCIL, INC., year. adopted country in whatever way they Chicago, Ill., October 1, 1973. This would mean that a person would could. Hon. EDWARD DERWINSKI, have to contribute to more than one candi­ And contribute they have, to every House of Representatives, date or committee, in fact, ten, to take full Washington, D.C. advantage of the tax credit or deduction. facet of American life. The sciences, the DEAR CONGRESSMAN DERWINSKI: In the near The objective of this proposal would be arts, business, labor and government are future the United States Congress will have to get a broad range of participation by the several times richer for the Italian to vote on the Administration's proposal to interested citizen in not only Federal elec­ Americans who have devoted their lives extend a most favored-nation status to the tions but State and local elections by say­ to these endeavors. This is especially true Soviet Union in trade relations between the ing in effect, you can get the tax credit, but in government. We Italian Americans two countries. you have to spread it around over many realize that all is not perfect in this Senator Henry M. Jackson has already in­ candidates rather than to any one candi­ great country, but this does not give us troduced in the Senate of the United States, date if you are to maximize the avallab111ty license to just complain. Rather, many Amendment #79 to the Trade Reform Act of of the tax credit mechanism. of us consider that it is our duty as re­ 1973 (H.R. 6767) which seeks to bar fresh what effect my proposal would have. I have trade concessions to the Soviets unless they been told that. at the time the Revenue Act sponsible citizens to try to remedy what ease up on their emigration policy. of 1971 was under consideration, existing tax problems still remain by working within Whlle wholeheartedly supporting Sen. I asked the Department of the Treasury our democratic political system. We are Jackson's Amendment, we wish to point out credit and deductions were estimated to cost both proud and honored to be able to that the citizen's right to emigrate is only the Treasury $100 million in a Presidential participate. one of the fundamental human rights which 34016 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 12, 1979 are all brutally suppressed by the Soviet cerpts of yesterday's news conference, ENQUIRER READER PoLL: 96 PERCENT OPPOSE A government. which reveal a shocking ignorance on LAW RI:Ql11BING MOTORISTS To WEAR 8U.'1'• What results can the European Security the part of our top energy planners as BELTS Conference achieve in seeking free exchange to the real characteristics of our national An overwhelming majority of Enquirer of ideas and people between East and West, if readers are against the passage of a law the United States as a world champion of energy shortage. Below is an exchange which would require motorists to wear seat freedom should surrender these principles in between a member of the press and Dr. belts, according to the first results of a recent bi-lateral agreements with the Soviet Uniori? William T. McCormick, Jr.• Executive Enquirer opinion poll. On the other hand, how happy can the Secretary of the Energy Research and Figures show that of a total of 1,666 American people be when buying Soviet im­ Development Advisory Council. The ad­ mail-in votes received, 1,604 readers, or 96.3 ports and knowing that at least part of the visory council, according to the White percent, voted "no" and only 62, or 3.7 per­ goods had been produced by slave laBor House Press Secretary: cent, voted for passing such a law. under inhuman conditions? The Enquirer does not take sides in its In this connection we wish to call atten­ Comprises eminent scientists and engi­ Reader Opinion Polls. Instead, we present tion to the words of the late Secretary of neers representing the Nation's leading ex­ opposing views from authorities to help State, John Foster Dulles, spoken before a perts in various areas of energy research and readers decide for themselves. congressional committee on November 30, development and is intended to provide the The question "Should motorists be re­ 1953, pertaining to negotiations with the So­ Director of the Energy Policy Office with quired by law to wear seat belts?" was de­ viets: "We do not look on the conference independent advice and counsel on the over­ bated in the Oct. 7 issue of The Enquirer by table as a place where we surrender our prin­ all direction of the Federal energy R&D Rep. Lou Frey Jr. (R.-Fla.) and Rep. John R. ciples, but rather as a place for making our effort ... Rarick (D.-La.). principles prevail. That is our resolve-are­ The excerpts follow: Opposing such a law, Rep. Rarick said, IOlve which I am confidence is backed by the Question. Can you project for our own " ... No government has the right, legal or Congress and by the American people." record the total amount of oll currently moral, to force an American to do anything Therefore, we respectfully urge you to act imported from the Arab states and what that designed solely for his own good." quickly and decisively against the granting projection is for 1980? Rep. Frey favored a law, and said: of the most favored-nation status to the So­ Dr. McCORMICK. I am sorry, I just don't "The combination lap/shoulder belts viet Union under the present conditions. have those figures on the tip of my tongue. would save some 20,000 lives each year .•• Yours very truly, We can supply them for you. and Americans will just have to get used to Dr. KAzYS BOBELIS, Question. Can someone tell us what share, using them." NatwnaZ President. first of oil and secondly of energy use as a whole, comes from Middle Eastern oll? Dr. McCoRMICK. I believe thait question was USDA LIVESTICK QUARANTINE just asked. FACILITY ON FLEMING KEY, FAILURE OF THE ADMINISTRA­ Question. Not quite in the same way. FLA. TION'S ENERGY POLICY Dr. STEVER. (Director, National Science Foundation). No, I do not know exactly. Mr. Speaker, it is clear that we cannot HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG HON. CHARLES A. VAN ·IK look to the administration for leader­ OF FLORmA oF omo ship in this critical area. If we are to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES insure our energy future-and guarantee the future well-being of millions of Amer­ Friday, October 12, 1973 Friday, October 12, 1973 icans-we must act today to establish Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, Mr. V ANIK. Mr. Speaker, today's news a Manhattan project for energy research at its annual convention, the National of a rapidly widening war in the Middle and development. Furthermore, ~ the Association of State Departments of E~t has forced us to reassess our na­ events in the Middle East prove more Agriculture p~sed several resolutions, tional interests in the area. As part of clearly each day, such a massive national one of which should be of particular in­ this reassessment, one fact stands clear: effort-as I propose in my Energy De­ terest to my colleagues since it relates A great nation cannot afford to be held velopment and Supply Trust Fund-is to the agriculture appropriations bill hostage by the narrow and unpredictable vital to guarantee our future national previously considered by the Congress. Interests of the oil States. security. Because this appropriations bill con­ Yesterday-with a flourish-the Pres­ tained a mandate directing the Depart­ ident announced an incre~e of $115 mil­ ment of Agriculture to consider the need lion in this year's budget for energy re­ NATIONAL ENQUIRER READER for additional livestock quarantine fa­ search and development. A close exami­ SHOWS 96 PERCENT OPPOSE cilities and report its findings to the Of­ nation of this additional money reveals, MANDATORY SEATBELTS fice of Management and Budget, the Na­ however, that most of this incr~e is an tional Association of State Departments illusion. It is not the product of any new of Agriculture h~ adopted resolution No. initiative by the administration. The vast HON. ROBERT J. HUBER AH-9, urging that immediate funds be­ bulk of these new funds-up to $95 mil­ OF MICHIGAN come available through a supplemental lion-is the result of increased appro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES budget to construct the USDA Live­ priations by Congress. stock Quarantine Facility on Fleming It is incredible to me that the admin­ Friday, October 12, 1973 Key, Fla. istration could be so lax in this vital area Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, the National This subject merits the attention of of energy research and development. Enquirer recently conducted a poll on my colleagues and I am, therefore, here­ During yesterday's press conference none the subject of a possible law requiring with including the full text of this reso­ of the administration's spokesmen, which the wearing of seatbelts. The results lution: included the Director of the President's were overwhelmingly against such a law. NATIONAL AsSOCIATION OF STATE DEPARTMENTS Energy Policy Offi.ce, the Chairman of In my view, this is significant, coming OF AGRICULTURE, COMMITTEE ON ANIMAL the Atomic Energy Commission, the Di­ at a time when the 1974 model cars are HEALTH-RESOLUTioN No. AH-9 rector of the National Science Founda­ appearing in the showrooms with the In order to make available a Uvestock tion, and the Executive Secretary of the new interlock system, which is only quarantine fac111ty in this country to permit Energy Research and Development Coun­ slightly less contortive than getting into importation of cattle from continental Eu· cil, could answer the question of how one of the old Pullman upper berths. rope, the Congress has approprta.ted $300,000 much of our oil is now coming from the Congressman WYMAN has introduced a for planning the construction of such a live­ stock fac111ty to be operated by the U.S. De­ Middle East. Further, none of these dis­ bill to nullify this interlock system as a partment of Agriculture on land provided by tinguished officials could offer the fog­ requirement on automobiles. I am proud the U.S. Navy located on Fleming Key, Flor­ giest idea of what our dependence is to be numbered among the 50 cosponsors ida. The Appropriations B111 for the U.S. De­ likely to be by the year 1980. of this measure. Therefore, I find this partment of Agriculture for fisUkraine were A. Ollynyk, P. Kovalchuk, I. Committee can take this proposal and extend the Jackson Amendment to the Mills-Vanik Chayka, and others; it in such a way as to make it a very effective B111 calling for the rejection of the proposal Murdered whUe in prison were Mykhailo voice in the future expansion of pension plan by the U.S. Government to grant the USSR Soroka, Vasyl Malchuk, and others; participation. the status of "most-favored-nation"; Severely punished for defending the na­ In closing, allow me to again commend the 2. To appeal to the U.S. Government not tional rights of Ukrainians, Tartars, Jews, Ways and Means Committee for its prompt only to withdraw its proposal to grant the and other national minorities in the USSR action in this area and also for its willingness USSR any and all economic and trade privi­ were S. Karavansky, Gen. P. Hryhorenko and to gather the opinions and point of view of leges, but through the U.S.A. representative Ivan Dzyuba; all of us who are concerned about pension in the United Nations, to denounce the USSR Pyotr Yakir and others were rearrested for plan coverage. as a violator of human rights and a govern­ speaking out in defense of discriminated So­ ment unworthy to be a member of the United viet Jewry; Nations or to receive economic and tech­ In order to break the will of the impris­ JUSTICE FOR UKRAINIANS nological assistance from the United States, oned, the KGB uses new chemical and medi­ a country traditionally known for its dedica­ cal drugs with methodic cruelty to poison the tion to freedom and self-determination of food of such political prisoners as P. Star­ all the peoples in the world. chyk, I. Dzyuba, V. Moroz, L. Lukianenko, I. HON. EDWARD I. KOCH Kandyba and others. AN APPEAL TO THE CONSCIENCE OF HUMANITY OF NEW YORK The terror of Brezhnev-Andropov exceeds AT LARGE in its sophisticated cruelty even that of Stalin IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES (The following "Appeal" to the conscience and Beria. Friday, October 12, 1973 of the world was sent from Ukraine in July, The government of the United States and 1973, and received by Svoboda, the oldest other capitalist countries share responsibility Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, on Septem­ Ukrainian newspaper in the world, appear­ for the increased terror against us and the ber 23, 1973, I spoke before a meeting of ing in Jersey City, N.J., and was printed in new wave of Stalinlsm in ukraine and other 5,000 Ukrainian Americans. The rally its September 15, 1973 issue. The "Appeal" Soviet republics, because at the time of mass took place in Central Park and was held describes the current unbridled terror of the persecution by the KGB, they are making in commemoration of the manmade fam­ KGB and Soviet courts in Ukraine, and calls deals with Moscow without demanding that ine in the Ukraine which took place in on the peoples of the free world to stand up the Soviet government observe national and in defense of the Ukrainian people, perse­ human rights. By means of these deals, Mos­ 1932-33. On the platform addressing the cow seeks to cement its total domination over rally were U.S. Senator JAMES BUCKLEY cuted and oppressed by Soviet Russian despotism-Ukrainian Congress Committee the captive nations. The Conference in Hel­ and New York State Senator John ot America.) sinki has aided and abetted Moscow's reign Markey. of terror by not insisting that the USSR That the Ukrainians in the U.S.S.R. TO FREE MEN EVERYWHERE abide by the United Nations Charter and the have legitimate grievances for past and Our Front is forced to work ffiegally and Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Heed present violations by the Soviet govern­ underground, and for this reason we are our warning-if human and national rights, distributing this appeal anonymously. freedom of thought and religious worship are ment of their fundamental human rights We are appealing to world public opinion not defended, not only by us who are already cannot be gainsaid. The intensity of their to stand up in defense of the Ukrainian suffering persecution, but by all of the civi­ feelings are expressed in two documents people.against Russian despotism. The United lized world, then total terror will spread which I would like to bring to the at­ Nations Charter and the Universal Declara­ throughout the world, because the Russian tention of our colleagues: tion of Human Rights, to which the govern­ chauvinists and Communists will not be sat­ [From Svoboda, the Ukrainian Weekly, ments of the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR isfied with what they already have. Sept.29, 1973) are signatories, guarantee each nation the We are calling on workers, writers, artists, right for national independence, as well as scholars, students and the youth, women's RESOLUTION basic human rights. Nevertheless, both of and church organizations, and honest people (Adopted at the Mournful Rally in com­ these rights are disregarded by the parties of all nations to demand an immediate end memoration of the 40th anniversary of the and governments of the USSR and the to the use of chemical and mind-twisting man-made famine in Ukraine, held on Ukrainian SSR, the latter merely a colonial drugs on prisoners, release of all po11tical Sunday, September 23, 1973, at the Band­ administration of Ukraine controlled by Mos­ and religious prisoners, liquidation of con­ shell in Central Park, New York City) cow. centration camps, an end to the policy of We Americans of Ukrainian origin, assem- The government of the Ukrainian SSR has Russiflcation, and the establishment of na­ bled here to commemorate the 40th anni­ not even reached a level of Independence tional independence for the peoples held cap­ versary of the man-made famine in Ukraine, that would permit Ukrainian prisoners to tive by the USSR, in accordance with the and to protest the current persecution and serve their sentences in prJ!;ons in Ukraine, U.N. Charter and the Universal Declaration oppression in Ukraine by the Soviet Rus­ of which they are citizens and where they of Human Rights. sian regime, do hereby decide unanimously: could avau themselves of some assistance Whereas the Soviet government has been from their fammes. arresting hundreds of Ukrainian intellec­ For efforts to implement these rights In tuals, trying them behind closed doors and Ukraine, many Ukrainian Intellectuals were HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 727 sentencing them to severe terms of imprison­ imprisoned and some were sentenced to ment, exile and indefinite incarceration in death, for instance, L. Lukianenko and I. psychiatric wards; and Kandyba (later their sentences were com­ HON. JAMES M. HANLEY Whereas the Soviet Russian regime has muted to 15 years at hard labor): OF NEW YORK been and is presently imposing and prac­ For advocating. intellectual freedom and ticing a policy of Russification in Ukraine, for resisting Russiflcation: V. Moroz, E. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES so as to destroy the national, political, and Sverstiuk, V. ChornovU, I. Svitylchny, lhor Mr. HANLEY. Mr. Speaker, yesterday, cultural entity of the Ukrainian nation; and and Iryna Kalynets, V. Stus, Iryna Senyk, I reluctantly voted against House Joint 34024 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 12, 1973 Resolution 727, a resolution making con­ and never to be taken for granted. Pacem in to support the very programs designed to tinuing appropriations for the present Terris remains regrettably elusive. However help developing areas improve their eco­ fiscal year. I say reluctantly because I well we contain this crisis, as we have con­ nomic and social conditions. tained others, we must still ask ourselves The declared objective of maintaining a have the greatest respect for the dili­ what we seek beyond the management of responsible American international role gence and energy and good judgment of conflict. clashes with nationalistic pressures in trade the House Appropriations Committee. The need for a dialogue about national and monetary negotiations and with calls I supported the necessity of establish­ purposes has never been more urgent and for unilateral withdrawal from all1ance ob­ ing some form of hold harmless for local no assembly is better suited for such a dis­ ligations. school districts which are ready and cussion that those gathered here tonight. It is clear that we face genuine moral actually implementing compensatory ed­ Dramatic changes in recent years have dilemmas and important policy choices. But ucation programs this year. Guarantee­ transformed America's position and role in it is also clear that we need to define the the world: framework of our dialogue more perceptive­ ing them at least 85 percent of the For most of the postwar period America amounts available to them last year was a ly and understandingly. enjoyed predominance in physical resources THE COMPETING ELEMENTS OF FOREIGN POLICY practical response to the dilemma we and political power. Now like most other na­ face. tions in history, we find that our most dif­ Foreign policy must begin with the un­ I understand the idea that a compro­ ficult task is how to apply limited means to derstanding that it involves relationships the accomplishment of carefully defined between sovereign countries. Sovereignty has mise was necessary with the Senate and been defined as a. wm uncontrolled by oth­ that the 115 percent ceiling was accepted ends. We can no longer overwhelm our prob­ lems; we must master them with imagina­ ers; that is what gives foreign policy its con­ by the House conferees in the spirit of tion, understanding and patience. tingent and ever incomplete character. compromise. As far as I can see, the ceil­ For a generation our preoccupation was to For disagreements among sovereign states ing will require that those States who, prevent the 'Cold War from degenerating into can be settled only by negotiation or by pow­ by virtue of the fact that they have more a hot war. Today, when the danger of global er, by compromise or by imposition. Which eligible children, would have received the conflict has diminished, we face the more of these methods prevails depends on the largest increases, will share a much profound problem of defining what we mean values, the strengths and the domestic sys­ larger cut in the total ESEA amounts. by peace and determining the ultimate pur­ tems of the countries involved. A nation's pose of improved international relations. values define what is just; its strength de­ It makes no sense to me to take a dis­ For two decades the solidarity of our al­ termines what is possible; its domestic struc­ proportionately large amount of money liances seemed as constant as the th·reats to ture decides what policies can in fact be away from those States who have the our security. Now our allies have regained implemented and sustained. largest number of disadvantaged chil­ strength and self-confidence, and relations Thus foreign policy involves two partially dren. For this reason, I voted against with adversaries have improved. All this has conf:Ucting endeavors: defining the interests, the measure. It is a protest vote, cast in given rise to uncertainties over the sharing purposes and values of a society and relating the knowledge that the measure would of burdens with friends and the impact of them to the interests, purposes and values reduced tensions on the cohesion of alli­ of others. pass by an overwhelming majority. ances. The policy maker, therefore, must strike Thus even as we have mastered the art of a balance between what is desirable and containing crises, our concern with the na­ what is possible. Progress will always be ture of a. more permanent international or­ measured in partial steps and in the rela­ KISSINGER AT PACEM IN TERRIS der has grown. Questions once obscured by tive satisfaction of alternative goals. Ten­ CONFERENCE more insistent needs now demand our atten­ sion is unavoidable between values, whiCih tion: What is true national interest? To what ·are invariably cast in maximum terms, and end stability? What is the relationship of efforts to promote them, which of necessity peace to justice? involve compromise. Foreign policy is ex­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON It is characteristic of periods of upheaval plained domestically in terms of justice. OF INDIANA that to those who live through them, they But what is defined as justice at home be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES appear as a series of ha.ph4Wa.rd events. Symp­ comes the subject of negotiation abroad. It toms obscure basic issues and historical is thus no accident that many nations, in­ Friday, October 12, 1973 trends. The urgent tends to dominate the cluding our own, view the international Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would important. Too often goa.ls are presented as arena as a forum in which virtue is thwarted abstract utopias, safe-havens from pressing by the clever practice of foreigners. like to bring to my colleagues' attention events. In a community of sovereign states, the the important address given by Secre­ But a debate to be fruitful must define quest for peace involves a. paradox: the at­ tary Kissinger at this week's Pacem in what can reasonably be asked of fore·ign pol­ tempt to impose absolute justice by one side Terris Conference here in Washington. icy and at what pace progress can be achieved. will be seen as absolute injustice by all oth­ Secretary Kissinger noted that the Otherwise it turns into competing catalogues ers; the quest for total security for some renewed :fighting in the Middle East in­ of the desirable rather than informed com­ turns into total insecurity for the remainder. dicates how elusive peace on earth is, but parisons of the possible. Dialogue degenerates Stab11ity depends on the relative satisfaction into tactical skirmishing. and therefore also the relative dissatisfac­ he also noted that: The current public discussion reflects some tion of the various states. The pursuit of We are at one of those rare moments where interesting and significant shifts in perspec­ peace must therefore begin with the prag­ through a combination of fortuitous cir­ tive: matic concept of coexistence--especially in cumstances and design man seems in a po­ A foreign policy once considered exces­ a period of ideological conflict. sition to shape his future. What we need is sively moralistic is now looked upon by some -we must, of course, avoid becoming ob­ the confidence to discuss issues without bit­ as excessively pragmatic. sessed with stab11ity. An excessively prag­ ter strife, the wisdom to define together the The Government was criticized in 1969 for matic policy will be empty of vision and nature of our world as well as the vision to holding back East-West trade with certain humanity. It will lack not only direction, chart together a more just future. countries until there was progress in their but also roots and heart. General de Gaulle The complete address follows: foreign policies. Now we are criticized for not wrote in his memoirs that "France cannot TEXT OF SPEECH OF THE HONORABLE HENRY A. holding back East-west· trade until there are be France without greatness." By the same changes in those same countries' domestic token America cannot be true to itself with­ KISSINGER policies. THE NATURE OF THE NATIONAL DIALOG out moral purpose. This country has always The Administration's foreign policy once had a. sense of mission. Americans have al­ This is an important anniversary. A year decried as too cold-war oriented is now at­ ways held the view that America. stood for ago today--on October 8--came the break­ tacked as too insensitive to the profound something above and beyond its material through in the Paris negotiations which led moral antagonism between Communism and achievements. A purely pragmatic pollcy soon afterward to the end of American m111- freedom. provides no criteria for other nations to tary involvement in Viet-Nam. It is strangely One consequence of this intellectual shm dimcult now to recapture the emotion on assess our performance and no standards is a gap between conception and perform.ance to which the American people can rally. that moment of hope and uncertainty when on some major issues of pollcy: suddenly years of suffering and division The desira.bllity of peace and detente 1s But when policy becomes excessively mor­ were giving way to new possibUlties for rec­ amrmed but both the inducements to prog­ alistic it may turn quixotic or dangerous. A oncil1ation. ress and the penalties to confrontation are presumed monopoly on trUJth obstructs ne­ We meet, too, at a time when renewed restricted by legislation. gotiation and accommodation. Good results conflict in the Middle East reminds us that Expressions of concern for human values may be given up in the quest for every elu­ international stab111ty is always precarious in other countries are coupled with failure sive ideal solutions. Policy may fall prey to October 12, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3402'5 ineffectual posturing or adventurlstic cru­ to achieve a position of predominance either have carefully shaped an overall mosaic. sades. globally or regionally. Thus it raises questions about our entire bi­ The prerequisite for a fruitful national de­ We will resist any attempt to exploit a lateral relationship. bate is that the policy makers and critics policy of detente to weaken our alliances. Finally the issue affects not only our re­ appreciate each other's perspectives and re­ We will react if relaxation of tensions is lationship with the Soviet Union, but also spect each other's purposes. The policy used as a cover to exacerbate conflicts in in­ with many other countries whose internal maker must understand that the critic is ternational trouble spots. structures we find incompatible with our obliged to stress imperfections in order to The Soviet Union cannot disregard these own. Conditions imposed on one country challenge assumptions and to goad actions. principles in any area of the world without could inhibit expanding relations with others, But equally the critic should acknowledge imperillng its entire relationship with the such as the People's Republic of China. the complexity and inherent ambiguity of United States. We shall never condone the suppression of the policy maker's choices. The policy maker On this basis we have succeeded in trans­ fundamental liberties. We shall urge humane must be concerned with the best that can forming U.S.-Soviet relations in many im­ principles and use our in:fluence to promote be achieved, not just the best than can be portant ways. Our two countries have con­ justice. But the issue comes down to the imagined. He has to act in a fog of incom­ cluded an historic accord to limit strategic limits of such efforts. How hard can we press plete knowledge without the information arms. We have substantially reduced the risk without provoking the Soviet leadership into that will be avallable later to the analyst. of direct U.S.-Soviet confrontation in crisis returning to practices in its foreign policy He knows-or should know-that he is re­ areas. The problem of Berlin has been re­ tha,t increase international tensions? Are we sponsible for the consequences of disaster as solved by negotiation. We and our ames have ready to face the crises and increased defense well as for the benefits of success. He may engaged the Soviet Union in negotiations on budgets that a return to Cold War conditions have to qualify some goals not because they major issues of European security including would spawn? And wlll this encourage full would be undesirable 1f reached, but because a reduction of mUltary forces 1n Central Eu­ emigration or enhance the well-being or the risks of failure outweigh potential gains. rope. We have reached a series of bilateral nourish the hope for Uberty of the peoples of He must often settle for the gradual, much agreements on cooperation-health, environ­ Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union? Is it as he might prefer the immediate. He must ment, space, science and technology, as well detent-e that has prompted repression--or is compromise with others, and this means to as trade. These accords are designed to cre­ it detente that has generated the ferment and some extent compromising with himself. ate a vested interest 1n cooperation and re­ the demand for openness which we are now The outsider demonstrates his morality by straint. witnessing? the precision of his perceptions and the Until recently the goals of detente were For half a century we have objected to loftiness of his ideals. The policy maker ex­ not an issue. The necessity of shifting from communist efforts to alter the domestic presses his morality by implementing a se­ confrontation toward negotiation seemed so structures of other countries. For a genera­ quence of imperfections and partial solu­ overwhelming that goals beyond the settle­ tion of Cold War we sought to ease the risks tions in pursuit of his ideals. ment of international disputes were never produced by competing ideologies. Are we There must be understanding, as well, of r:aised. But now progress has been made--and now to come full circle and insist on domes­ the crucial importance of timing. Opportu­ already taken for granted. We are engaged tic compatibillty as a condition of progress? nities cannot be hoarded; once past, they in an intense debate on whether we should These questions have no easy answers. The are usually irretrievable. New relationships make changes in Soviet society a precondition government may underestimalte the margin in a fluid transitional period-such as to­ for further progress-or indeed for follow­ of concessions avE.llable to us. But a fair de­ day-are delicate and vulnerable; they must ing through on commitments already made. bate must admit that they are genuine ques­ be nurtured if they are to thrive. We cannot The cutting edge of this problem is the Con­ tions, the answers to which could affect the pull up young shoots periodically to see gressional effort to condition most-favored­ fate of all of us. whether the roots are stlll there or whether nation trade status for other countries on Our policy with respect to detente is clear: there is some marginally better location for changes in their domestic systems. We shall resist aggressive foreign policies. De­ them. This is a genuine moral dilemma. There tente cannot survive 1rresponsib111ty in any We are now at such a time of tenuous be­ are genuine moral concerns--on both sides of area, including the Middle East. As for the in­ ginnings. Western Europe and Japan have the argument. So let us not address this as ternal policies of closed systems the United joined us in an effort to reinvigorate our a debate between those who are morally sen­ States will never forget that the antagonism relationships. The Soviet Union has begun sitive and those who are not, between those between freedom and its enemies is part of to practice foreign policy-at least par­ who care for justice and those who are ob­ the reality of the modern age. We are not tially-as a relationship between states livious to humane values. The attitude of the neutral in that struggle. As long as we remain rather than as international civil war. The American people and government has been powerful we wlll use our in:fluence to pro­ People's Republic of China has emerged made emphatically clear on countless occa­ mote freedom, as we always have. But in the from two decades of isolation. The develop­ sions, in ways that have produced effective nuclear age we are obliged to recognize that ing countries are impatient for economic results. The exit tax on emigration is not be­ the issue of war and peace also involves hu­ and social change. A new dimension of un­ ing collected and we have received assurances man lives and that the attainment of peace precedented challenges-in food, oceans, that it will not be reapplied; hardship cases is a profound moral concern. energy, environment--demands global co­ submitted to the Soviet Government are be­ THE WORLD AS IT IS AND THE WORLD WE SEEK operation. ing given specific attention; the rate of Jew­ Addressing the United Nations General We are at one of those rare moments ish emigration has been in the tens of thou­ Assembly two weeks ago, I described our goal where through a combination of fortuitous sands where it was once a trickle. We will as a world where power blocs and balances are circumstances and design man seems in a continue our vigorous efforts on these mat­ no longer relevant; where justice, not sta­ position to shape his future. What we need ters. b111ty, can be our overriding preoccupation: is the confidence to discuss issues without But the real debate goes far beyond this: where countries consider cooperation in the bitter strife, the wisdom to define together Should we now tie demands which were never world interest to be in their national interest. the nature of our world as well as the vision raised during negotiations to agreements But we cannot move toward the world of to chart together a more just future. that have already been concluded? Should we the future without first maintaining peace DETENTE WITH THE SOVIET UNION require as a formal condition internal in the world as it is. These very days we changes that we heretofore sought to foster are vividly reminded that this requires vigi­ Nothing demonstrates this need more in an evolutionary manner? lance and continuing commitment. urgently than our relationship with the Let us remember what the MFN question Soviet Union. So our journey must start from where we specl:flcally involves. The very term "most fa­ are now. This is a time of lessened tension, This Administration has never had any vored nation" ls misleading in its impllcation of greater equilibrium, of diffused power. But lllusions about the Soviet system. We have of preferential treatment. What we are talk­ if the world is better than our earlier fears, it always insisted that progress 1n technical ing ab0ut is whether to allow normal eco­ fields, such as trade, had to follow-and re­ stlll falls far short of our hopes. To deal with nomic relations to develop--of the kind we the present does not mean that we are con­ :flect--progress toward more stable interna­ now have with over 100 other countries and tional relations. We have maintained a tent with it. which the Soviet Union enjoyed untll 1951. The most striking feature of the contem­ strong mllltary balance and a :flexible de­ The issue is whether to abolish discrimina­ fense posture as a buttress to stablllty. We porary period-the feature that gives com­ tory trade restrictions that were imposed at plexity as well as hope-is the radical trans­ have insisted that disarmament had to be the height of the Cold War. Indeed, at that mutual. We have judged movement in our formation in the nature of power. Through­ time the Soviet Government discouraged out history power has generally been homo­ relations with the Soviet Union, not by at­ commerce because it feared the domestic im­ mospherics, but by how well concrete prob­ geneous. Mll1tary, economic and political poot of normal trading relations with the potential were closely related. To be powerful lems are resolved and by whether there is West on its society. responsible international conduct. a nation had to be strong in all categories. The .demand that Moscow modify its do­ Today the vocabulary of strength is more Coexistence to us continues to have a very mestic policy as a precondition for MFN or precise meaning: complex. Milltary muscle does not guarantee detente was never made whUe we were ne­ poutical influence. Economic giants can be We wlll oppose the attempt by any country' gotiating; now it is inserted after both sides m111tarily weak, and military strength may 34026 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 12, 1973 not be able to obscure economic weakness. The opportunities of mankind now tran­ bus must certainly rank as the greatest Countries can exert political lnfiuence even scend nationalism, and can only be dealt explorer in the history of mankind. when they have neither military nor eco­ with by nations acting in concert: We can praise Columbus for his dar­ nomic strength. For the first time in generations mankind ing. He led an unwilling crew aboard It is wrong to speak of only one balance of 1s in a position to shape a new and peaceful power, for there are several which have to international order. But do we have the three fragile sailing ships on a 33-day be related to each other. In the military imagination and determination to carry for­ joumey into an unknown ocean, peopled sphere, there are two super powers. In eco­ ward this st111 fragile task of creation? with all sorts of legendary monsters and nomic terms, there are at least five major For the first time in history we may have dangers. In doing so, he demonstrated groupings. Polltically, many more centers of the technical knowledge to satisfy man's a spirit of courage and faith in the face lnfiuence have emerged; some 80 new nations basic needs. The imperatives of the modern of adversity, and of perseverance on be­ have come into being since the end of World world respect no national borders and must inevitably open all societies to the world half of just and worthwhile causes, that War II and regional groups are assuming ever has become the backbone of the Ameri­ increasing importance. around them. But do we have the political Above all, whatever the measure of power, wm to join together to accomplish this great can way of life. its . polltical uttl1ty has changed. Through­ end? We can praise this great explorer for out history increases in military power­ If this vision 1s to be realized, America's his sheer determination. His life from however slight-could be turned into specific active involvement is inescapable. History boyhood was dedicated to the project of polltical advantage. With the overwhelming wm judge us by our deeds, not by our good sailing westward to find the Indies. He arsenals of the nuclear age, however, the intentions. struggled against poVierty, argued with pursuit of marginal advantage is both point­ But it cannot be the work of any one geographers and sailors, and coped with less and potentially suicidal. Once sufficiency country. And it cannot be the undertaking 1s reached, additional increments of power of any one Administration or one branch of court intrigues until he finally enlisted do not translate into usable political government or one party. To build truly is the enthusiastic support of a queen and strength; and attempts to achieve tactical to chart a course that wm be carried on by her court treasurer. He kept his rebel­ gains can lead to cataclysm. future leaders because it has the enduring lious and fearful crew on their west­ This environment both puts a premium on support of the American people. ward course until his ships reached what stab111ty and makes it dlfficult to maintain. So let us search for a fresh consensus. Let he supposed to be the Indies of his Today's striving for equilibrium should not us restore a spirit of understanding between the legislative and the executive, between dreams. be compared to the balance of power of We can praise Columbus for his noble previous periods. The very notion of "oper­ the government and the press, between the ating" a classical balance of power disin­ people and their publlc servants. Let us motives. Without a thought of personal tegrates when the charge required to upset learn once again to debate our methods and gain, he sailed forth into the void in the the balance is so large that it cannot be not our motives, to focus on our destiny and service of his queen and fellow men. achieved by limited means. not on our divisions. Let us all contribute our We can praise him for all of this, and More specifically, there is no parallel with d11ferent views and perspectives but let us, more, but it is the spirit of this explorer the nineteenth century. Then, the principal once again, see ourselves as engaged in a even more than his achievements, that countries shared essentially similar concepts common enterprise. If we are to shape a world community we must first restore com­ personifies his greatness. He set a stand­ of legitimacy and accepted the basic struc­ ard for this Nation which even now chal­ ture of the existing international order. Small munity at home. adjustments in strength were significant. The With Americans working together, America lenges us to step forward courageously "balance" operated in a relatively confined can work with others toward man's eternal in the defense of our convictions and geographic area. None of these factors obtain goal o! a Pacem in Terris-peace abroad, not to fear the possibility of seeking new today. peace at home and peace within ourselves. answers in the unknown. For, as long Nor when we talk of equ111brium do we as there are men whose spirit drives mean a simplistic mechanical model devoid them to seek the truth, there will be of purpose. The constantly shifting alllances great cultures in which to learn and that maintained equilibrium in previous cen­ CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS prosper. turies are neither appropriate nor possible 1n our time. In an age of ideological schism the distinction between friends and adver­ saries is an objective reality. We share ideals HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE CITY OF SAVANNAH, GA., AND as well as interests with our friends, and we OF MASSACHUSETTS CASIMffi PULASKI know that the strength of our friendships 1s IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES crucial to the lowering of tensions with oUl opponents. Friday, October 12, 1973 HON. HENRY HELSTOS'KI When we refer to five or six or seven major Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, five cen­ OF NEW JERSEY centers of power, the point being madQ Is turies ago, it was a widely accepted belief not that others are excluded but that a few IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that the world was fiat, and that any short years ago everyone agreed that there Friday, October 12, 1973 were only two. The diminishing tensions and mariner who was foolhardy enough to the emergence of new centers of power have sail out too far from land would either Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, last meant greater freedom of action and greater fall off the edge or be devoured by mon­ Sunday, October 7, the Fourth Degree importance for all other nations. sters, or both. Knights of Columbus of Savannah, Ga., In this setting, our immediate aim' has In 1492, however, a bold Italian sailor held impressive ceremonies observing the been to buUd a stable network of relation­ named Christopher Columbus challenged 194th anniversary of the death of the ships that offers hope of sparing mankind the scourages of war. An interdependent this belief. He was a man with the vision siege of Savannah in which Casimir Pu­ world community cannot tolerate either big to see the world differently, and the laski, a Polish nobleman, serving in power confrontations or recurrent regional courage to risk his life for his belief. America's fight for freedom, was shot and crises. AI; an American of Italian descent, I killed. But peace must be more than the absence naturally take a great deal of pride in I am pleased to know that the Savan­ of conflict. We perceive stabtlity as the bridge the achievements of Christopher Colum­ nah Historical Sites and Monuments to the realization of human aspirations, not bus. His accomplishments, however, are Commission is attempting to restore the an end 1n itself. We have learned much about battlefield site, and already has title to a containing crises, but we have not removed something that all Americans should be their roots. We have begun to accommodate proud of. His actions give a clear exam­ small acreage of land and some historical our differences, but we have not affirmed our ple of a great man who reached out into buildings. There is still available about commonality. We may have improved the the unknown in pursuit of knowledge 50 additional acres for this project. mastery of equUibrium, but we have not yet and truth, even in the face of unfavor­ I fully support the idea of such a res­ attained justice. able public opinion. toration and hope that some means wm In the encyclical for which this conference We can praise Christopher Columbus be found to accomplish the restoration 1s named, Pope John sketched a greater vision. He foresaw ..that no political com­ for the results of his explorations. His of the battlefield as an example of our munity is able to pursue its own interests discovery of the Westem Hemisphere appreciation of the contributions made and develop itself in isolation" for "there is a doubled the size of the known world. Un­ by ethnic idealists who fought for our growing awareness of all human beings that til that recent time when men adventure cause for freedom. they are members of a world community." through space to other planets, Colum- Mr. Speaker, in conjunction with my October 12, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34027 America. Members of 4-H are dedicated fore you today to testify on H.R. 10036, the remarks, I wish to include the attached proposed "Housing and Urban Development correspondence from the mayor pro tem­ to and adhere to the basic principles of Act of 1973." The need for comprehensive pore of the city of Savannah supporting morality, ethics, and human relations so legislation in this area is crucial, and I com­ the idea of establishing the battlefield to necessary to a truly great society_ The mend this committee for moving ahead with its original state and complete action on four H's stand for head, heart, hands, consideration of this proposal. this project in time for America's bi­ and health and represent the wide range The events occurring since the national ad­ centennial. of 4-H Club activities. ministration's cruel, abrupt and unjustified Mr. Speaker, I have been personally imposition of the moratorium on federally­ The letter follows: subsidized housing programs last January CITY OF SAVANNAH, GA., associated over the years with the mem­ have shown beyond a doubt that it is up to October 11, 1973. bers of this outstanding organization. I Congress to take the initiative in developing DEAR CONGRESSMAN: Impressed by your have been impressed with their courtesy, programs to house our low-and-moderate in­ comments in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on good manners, and patriotism. They love come citizens. Polish contributions to the Unit ed States and America and its principles of representa­ This is so because the Nixon adml,pistra­ the sacrifice of such noblemen as Casimir tion, in my view, has shown itself to be com­ Pulaski on the altar of American freedom, tive government. The 4-H Clubs were created as a part pletely incapable of addressing a domestic I thought you would like to know that Sa­ priority as vital as all others: decent housing vannah did not let the observance pass un­ of the Smith-Lever Agricultural Exten­ for all Americans. noticed. sion Act, passed by the Congress in 1914. Fourth Degree Knights of Columbus held May I remind my colleagues that a great Mr. Chairman, before I offer my comments impressive ceremonies on Sunday, October on H.R. 10036, I would like to make some South Carolinian, Congressman A. Frank brief comments on the administration's pro­ 7th at the Pulaski Monument, located in a Lever, was an author of the. act. Con­ posals. The President, as I mentioned a mo­ beautiful Savannah park. U.S. District Judge gressman Lever was interred on the ment ago, imposed a moratorium on feder­ Alexander A. Lawrence, historian, author and ally-assisted housing programs in January, student of the law, was the speaker. As campus of Clemson University, one of the Nation's greatest land-grant institutions contending that the existing programs Mayor Protem, I introduced him. hadn't worked and that new approaches were Monsieur de la Gorce, minister plenipo­ which he supported with great devotion. needed. The administration assured the na­ tentiary of France, and the French consul Mr. Speaker, the youth of our land are tion that, if it would only wait patiently for general from New Orleans were also here for our most precious assets. We know that a few months, all the problems of housing the observance of the 194th anniversary of as each new generation of leadership our low-and-moderate income famllies would the Siege of Savannah in which Pulaski was be solved. kllled, along with more than 1,000 French­ takes its place the foundation for what men. The battlefield is only a few city blocks is practiced in maturity will be what has I might note here that we in Pennsylvania away from the monument. been learned in its youth. The example were not content to "wait." The Comxnon­ wealth of Pennsylvania initiated a suit in Speakers at the various functions brought of the 4-H organization has spread across the face of the Earth since its inception. federal court last spring, contending that out details of Pulaski's heroic death, and how the moratorium was an illegal defiance. of the loss of his religious scapulars, had given More than 75 nations have adopted the the will of Congress. Two separate federal him a premonition of his impending death. basic 4-H plan to their own land. No courts upheld Pennsylvania's contention, and LaFayette was in Savannah in 1825 to lay finer ideals could be advanced by our Na­ ordered the U.S. Department of Housing and the cornerstone for a Pulaski monument. He tion than the ideals of the 4-H orga­ Urban Development to immediately begin noted at the cornerstone laying ceremony niza;tion. processing applications for subsidized hous­ that he had introduced Pulaski to the Amer­ Mr. Speaker, during National 4-H ing. Only a last-minute order by Chief Jus­ ican Army, had introduced him to the com­ Week 1973 it is a special pleasure to pay tice Burger stayed the effect of the lower mander in chief, George Washington, and courts' order and now the court has agreed now some 46 years later he was participating tribute to the 4-H Clubs of America and with the Chief Justice but the basic issue in a ceremony at a monument to the gal­ to wish for these splendid young people is yet to be resolved by the courts. lant Pole. the very best always. Last month, the Nixon administration fi­ The Savannah Historic Site and Monu­ nally offered its housing proposals to the ments Commission after a ten-year struggle Congress. In his message the President aban­ has a toe-hold to restore the battlefield site. PENNSYLVANIA GOVERNOR SUP­ doned the national housing goals contained They now have title to 5.6 acres and also PORTS H.R. 10036 in the 1968 Housing Act, which committed some nationally rated historic buildings. the nation to the production of an average About 50 additional acres are available. The of 600,000 units a year for a ten-year period French are interested in some form of partic­ HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD for low-and-moderate income families. Un­ ipation in the project which is in close prox­ OF PENNSYLVANIA der the pretext of making greater use of imity to I-16 and I-95. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "existing housing stock," the administra­ It would be fitting if this project could tion has announced its intention to dis­ reach fruition by the time of America's Bi­ Friday, October 12, 1973 continue any real effort to meet the goals centennial. This was the site of one of the Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. set by Congress in 1968. bloodiest battles of the Revolution, and a Speaker, the Housing Subcommittee of One of the most unfortunate features of great example of the ethnic contribution to the Banking and Currency Committee the administration's proposals is the state­ American freedom by Poles, French, Irish and this week began a month-long set of ment in a sumxnary of the draft legislation others Who gave their lives in this battle. Why which sets forth a "Congressional finding" not a national monument, like Andersonville? hearings on H.R. 10036, the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1973, as in­ that federally subsidized housing programs Thus would be created a site of great pride have not made an adequate contribution to­ for Polish Americans who would want to visit troduced by our colleagues Lun ASHLEY ward attaining the national housing goal the battlefield during their travels on the and BILL BARRETT, and the various hous­ of a decent home in a suitable llving en­ two major Interstate Highways. ing and community development pro­ vironment for every American family. Yet, Permtt me to echo the warm sentiments grams offered by the administration. in the four years before they were termi­ you have expressed on the part Polish-Amer­ Today the subcommittee received ex­ nated by the administration, the two prin­ icans played in making America great. cellent testimony in support of H.R. 10036 cipal subsidized programs, the Section 235 Sincerely, home ownership program and the Section FRANK P. RossrrER, from the Hon. Milton Shapp, Governor of my State of Pennsylvania. 236 rental program, produced one mUlion Mayor pro tempore. housing units for low-and-moderate income With his testimony, the Governor to­ families, the greatest number of such units day reenforced the fact that he is one produced in so short a time period in our 4-H WEEK of the Nation's most knowledgeable and history. The failure of these programs wUI erudite State executives. be due to their suspension by the Nixon ad­ I commend· his testimony to my col­ ministration and not to any shortcomings HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN leagues. And I would like to include it in the programs themselves. OF SOUTH CAROLINA in the RECORD at this time: Obviously, without funding, which was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TESTIMONY OF Gov. Mn.TON J. SHAPP BE­ ended by the administration, the programs can contribute nothing and they thereby Friday, October 12, 1973 FORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON HOUSING OF THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COM­ become the failures the President claims Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, it is fitting MITTEE ON BANKING AND CURRENCY, WASH­ them to be. and proper that Congress and indeed the INGTON, D.C., OCTOBER 12, 1973 The President also proposes that direct entire Nation, honor the 4-H Clubs of I appreciate the opportunity to appear be- housing allowances to low-i~come persons OXIX--2145-74-Part 26--51 34028 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 12, 1973 may be the answer to our housing needs, your proposed legislation, which recognizes the people who live in these flood-ravaged but he adds that a final decision on this that community development and housing communities may be better protected in the approach won't be made until late 1974 or are closely linked, and must be treated as years ahead as a result of our efforts. 1975. The President did not suggest what a. joint process. For too long we have ignored We support 100 percent federal funding of those famllies needing government-assisted · the basic fact that we are only treating half commuD;ity development costs. But, the side housing are to do in the interim. I also have the problem when we eliminate substandard effect of total federal funding will be to serious doubts about the usefulness in my housing units without also renewing the deny Pennsylvania the leverage it now has to state of a federal program of direct housing neighborhood surrounding the housing. This discourage such things as exclusionary de­ allowances to low-income families. What we velopment practices and poor flood plain de­ need in Pennsylvania, and in most other is a. key difference between your legislation velopment practices. We hope, therefore, that areas of the nation, as well, is a production­ and that offered by the Nixon administra­ the community development and housing oriented housing program to stimulate the tion, the so-called "Better Communities legislation as finally adopted by Congress, construction of new housing. Housing allow­ Act," which makes no attempt to build com­ from the point of view of the states, will con­ ances wlll not do this, and, in areas where munities or make them better. tain strong provisions for state monitoring of the loc'al housing market at present has few I also applaud your provision to require alllocations. In short, we believe that the vacancies, there is an additional problem state, local and county governments to file states should continue to be able to apply with the housing allowance method: giving detailed funding applications showing that incentives for sound community develop­ money directly to low-income famllies might they have developed a. comprehensive pro­ ment based on housing needs and social and act as an inflationary pressure to drive up gram to eliminate or prevent slums, blight economic factors. rents, since the lack of vacancies will deny and deterioration, and to provide adequate There 1s another aspect of state involve­ any real housing choice to such famllies. community facilities. Heavy emphasis has ment in community development which I In offering my views now on the proposed been placed, justifiably, on the provision of would like to mention briefly. Senate Bill "Housing and Urban Development Act of low-and-moderate-income housing. 268, the "Land Use Policy Planning Assist­ 1973," I want to note that Pennsylvania has ance Act," passed the U.S. Senate earlier This requirement of a. detailed application this year by a. wide margin. If, as expected, long been a national leader among the states meeting certain established national priori­ in the fields of community development and this or similar legislation is also approved housing. We have been a full partner with ties is a sharp improvement over the Nixon by the House of Representatives, enormously the federal government in these areas, and administration proposal which would simply important land use planning responsibilities we hope to remain so once the present "dump'' large amounts of cash on local com­ would be assigned to the states, and substan­ difficulties with these programs have been munities, with no real guidance as to how tial federal funds for land use planning by resolved. To date, Pennsylvania has invested the money would be used. The permanent the states would be authorized. $6.8 million in housing asf!istance fund dol­ "hold harmless" provision contained in H.R. Pennsylvania supports the passage of a lars to aid about 120 groups, and this has 10036 is particularly welcome, since we in federal land use policy act, and is anxious resulted in 8,778 units of federally-assisted Pennsylvania have calculated that, once the to accept the planning responsibllities such housing in various stages of construction and "hold harmless" provision of the ''Better legislation would give to the state. However, occupancy, with a total mortgage value of Communities Act" has been phased out over in line with the thoughts I have just ex-· about $164,675,000. a. four-year period, total federal dollars com­ pressed I believe that there is a. major in­ In January of 1973, the Appalachian Re­ ing into Pennsylvania. wlll decrease substan­ congruity, once the relevance of community development and housing to land use is gional Commission released a report on tially. In fiscal year 1975, for example, the housing development in the 11 states in noted, in assigning these enormous responsl­ Nixon administration legislation would dis­ billties to the states, whlle, at the same which it is involved. In a section of the re­ tribute within Pennsylvania $184.1 million. port dealing with "Suggestions for Program time, providing for direct funding of most Improvement," the Commission said it By 1979, that sum will decrease to $132.4 community development and housing pro­ wanted to "Encourage each state to establish million. grams directly to local communities. Thus, and provide funding for an agency similar Also in positive contrast to the Nixon ad­ while t~e states wlll be asked to prepare land to the Pennsylvania. Department of Com­ ministration's policies, is your provision for use plans under S.B. 268 or similar legisla­ munity Affairs. This state agency has two interim funding of housing programs in the tion, at the same time massive amounts of assets that would, if utilized be helpful in period before the block-grant provisions of money that will be used to implement these many of the states in the Region." The two H.R. 10036 become effective. The President's plans will go directly to local communities assets were identified as technical assistance plan would, essentially, leave these needs with no real monitoring, rev.iew, or control by to nonprofit sponsors and loans and grants. unmet until 1975. I also endorse your call on the states. Gentlemen, they just won't work, During the past 22 years, Pennsylvania's Congress to fund exlsting categorical com­ and the concept must be changed to give the community development program has pro­ munity development programs, as well, until states the power to both m.a.ke and imple~ vided one-half of the local share for federal new programs are enacted. The unacceptable ment these policies. urban renewal programs. Because of the non­ alternative to such interim funding, and the Consistent with these comments, I want to cash credits given local communities, the one proposed by the administration, is to offer a specific suggestion which I think state share has, as a. practical matter, often hold these existing housing and categorical would go a long way in aiding the states in amounted to 90 percent of the local cash community development programs "cap­ having a. strong role in carrying out the contribution for such programs. Some $200 tive" while Congress debates the various goals of H.R. 10036. We feel that, in many mUlion in state funds have gone to some 80 community development proposals before it. cases, the small, fragmented nature of local city and county urban renewal authorities Now I want to offer some views which I government outside the major cities in our to assist over 600 urban renewal projects, believe represent those of most, if not all, metropol1tan areas 1s going to prevent these and over $1.1 blllion in federal urban renewal of the members of the National Governors' local governments from effectively carrying funds have come into Pennsylvania.. Conference, on the impo.rta.nce of a. major out the requirements imposed by H.R. 10036 Following the disastrous flooding ca. used state role in the areas of community develop­ as a condition to receiving housing and com­ ment and housing. The perspective of the in my state last year by Tropical Storm munity development block grants. Where state is simply broader and more compre­ there is failure to carry out the requirements, Agnes, Pennsylvania also made available to hensive than that of an individual com­ the funds would be withheld by the federal flood-da.mc.ged communities $151 million in munity or county, and, in Pennsylvania, we government. As we read the provisions of urban renewal appropriations, and $3 mil­ have not hesitated to use our leverage H.R. 10036, the Secretary of the Depart­ lion in special housing assistance funds. through various programs such as urban re­ ment of Housing and Urban Development We have also created a. Pennsylvania. Hous­ newal to urge localities to do certain things, would have discretion in allocating these un­ ing Finance Agency, similar to those in other such as to control development on the un­ used monies. We believe it is important to states, but with broader powers, to finance protected 100-year flood plain along Penn­ require the Secretary to allocate to the state rental and purchase housing for moderate sylvania's rivers. such funds as have been withheld from com­ and middle income fam111es. It was only in For example, following last year's flood in munities in metropolitan areas. After all, the September of this year that we received a the Wilkes-Barre area, the feeling of some montes were originally intended for use in definitive court ruling, aftlrming the con­ local officials was that the moat important that state. Failure to require this, we believe, stitutionality of this agency's powers and flood-recovery priorities were to save the could result in money originally allocated for we are now ready to go. The Agency expects business structure and the tax base of the one state going to another state because of affected communities, even if that meant the !allure of local communities to meet the> to close its first loans within the next month rebuilding on the flood plain, and, to some requirements of H.R. 10036. and we expect lt to be a major tool in our extent, placing the needs· o! indlvldual citi­ We would also like to see stronger emphasis efforts to make more housing available in zens in a lower priority. 1n H.R. 10036 on the need !or total metro­ Pennsylvania. With the leverage of the millions of dollars politan area planning. This would be a par­ As a general comment on H.R. 10086, I ln state urban renewal grants, we in Penn­ tial solution to the problem of fragmented want to commenc1 you, Mr. Chairman, anc1 sylvania have been able to bring about some local governments which lack the technics.! your colleague, Congressman Ashley, tor changes in these priorities, and I think that and administrative skills to meet the require- October 12, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34029 ments for either the community develop­ PULASKI DAY PARADE And so, the members of the Jamestown ment or housing grants. general assembly quickly declared their In the area of housing, we are pleased Polish fellow-colonists citizens with every that you have recognized the need to main­ right ana equal representation. tain production of new housing for low-and­ HON. JOSHUA EILBERG It was this same desire for freedom and moderate-income families, as well as the need OF PENNSYLVANIA the right to govern themselves which later to utilize what is available in the current IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lead to the revolt of the Polish people against the foreign domination of their country. housing stock of the nation. Nonetheless, Friday, October 12, 1973 It was during this fight that Pulaski gained our feeling is that there are a number of Mr. Ell.JBERG. Mr. Speaker, On Sun­ fame as the hero of Czestochowa (Chesta­ technical difficulties with the Section 402 hova) and as a fighter for democracy. and Section 502 Programs as contained in day, I had the honor of participating in Mter the unsuccessful fight in Poland, H.R. 10036. The Ad Hoc Task i"orce on Hous­ the Pulaski Day Parade in Philadelphia. Pulaski was forced into exile. In Paris he ing of the National Governors' Conference This day was set aside to pay tribute met Benjamin Franklin who recommended will submit a paper to this Subcommittee's to Gen. Casimir Pulaski who saved the him to General Washington. staff deallng with these technical problems. entire American Army at the Battle of As we all know, Pulaski was put in charge This task Force has been working with the Brandywine, and all of the Polish people of the colonists small unit of cavalry staff of the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on who have helped to build our country. which was to save the entire American army Housing for some time, and I am sure it can Additionally, I want to give recogni­ at the Battle of Brandywine. Later he fought in the south and later offer useful assistance to this Subcommittee's tion to everyone responsible for making died of wounds he received during a staff as well. ' the Pulaski Day Parade such a tremend­ cavalry charge during the battle of Savan­ I have, however, one specific suggestion on ous success especially the guest of honor, nah. the housing program which I would like to Lt. Comdr. Charles P. Zuhoski, U.S. NaVY, Today we pay tribute to this great herG offer at this time. There is a need for a long­ who was released from Hanoi on March and to all of the Polish people who helpea term federal commitment to programs to 14 after being imprisoned for more than to make America great, but we must remem-. house our low-and-moderate-income fami­ 5 years. ber that when Pulaski fell in battle on Oc­ lies. However, we do not believe that this At this time I enter into the REcORD tober 11, 1779 while fighting for American need can be met by the three-year funding the remarks I made at the ceremonies liberties, Poland was not free. provisions of H.R. 10036. Without some form following the parade: Poland is still not free today. Its people of long-term commitment, we see no prac­ cannot act as })ollsh patriots, nor openly We are here today to honor Count Casimir cherish what is gOOd and noble in Polish tical way to implement the long-term sub­ Pulaski, who gave his life for America's traditions. sidy commitments which state and local gov­ independence and the contributions of Pulaski's cause was the cause of freedom. ernments will view as one of the important Polonia in general, which has done so much It is the eternal cause of mankind. In its. ways to deal with housing problems. We sug­ for this country. steadfast pursuit lies the best hope of tha gest, therefore, that a portion of the block Few people realize that Polish people were world. grant housing funds be in the form of long­ among the first settlers in the colonies and Thank you. term contract authority for the Section 402 that they were the first to fight for their rights as citizens 1n this land. and Section 502 programs. On October 1, 1608, one year after the I will now conclude with two additional founding of the colony, a group of Polish comments on other provisions of H.R. 10036. settlers landed at Jamestown, Virginia. They NATIONAL DAY OF THE REPUBLIC First, I particularly want to commend the were artisans and craftsmen who had been OF CHINA Chairman for his continuing efforts to se­ encouraged to come to the new world by cure compensation for those homeowners, the British so they could begin sending glass mainly in PhUadelphia, who were the blame­ and wood products to England. less victims of the Federal Housing Admin­ Although the British were dependent on HON. JOHN E. HUNT istration's inabUlty in administering the Sec­ the Poles for the financial success of the OF NEW JERSEY tion 221(d) (2) and Section 235 Used Housing colony they decided that c'ttizenship was a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES privilege reserved only for Englishmen so programs. Friday, October 12, 1973 Finally, I want to mention a recent study the Polish workers were denied the right to vote. Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker, it gives me conducted by the Housing Assistance Coun­ The same undemocratic spirit, unfortu­ cil, a nonprofit organization seeking to In­ great pleasure today to pay tribute to one nately still survives in much of the world of America's staunchest friends and al­ crease the production of housing In the rural today. Too many persons, who falsely think areas of the nation. That study showed that themselves the best kind of Americans, some­ l~es, the R~public of China, on the occa- there has been a consistent bias 1n national times look down on their fellow citizens for­ sion of their 62d .anniversary. . housing policy against rural areas for many getting that all the people 1n America, who A remarkable story can be told about years. As an example, as of 1970, total federal are not Indians, are descendants of immi­ these people. Twenty-four years ago, on expenditures for housing, excluding public grants, whether they came here 300 or 30 December 8, the Nationalist Government housing and rent supplements, worked out to years ago. moved to Taiwan when the Chinese $91 per capita in metropolitan counties, t40 Well, the Polish colonists in Virginia pro­ Communist armies overran the main­ 1n non-metropolitan counti~s, and only $35 tested. They s.aid they were as good as any­ body else in the colony and if they were not land. In spite of the many hardships en­ per capita in most rural counties. countered by this young Government In his recent housing message to Congress, given their rights they would not work. So they closed down the glass factory, the the Republic of China is experiencing ax{ President Nixon almost totally ignored rural tar distUlery, the soap works, the wood shops astounding rate of economic growth housing, and I note that your legislation does and, according to the records of the time, This, in spite of the fact that since 1965. not deal with the housing programs of the spent their days fishing and dancing the they have received no economic aid from Farmers Home Administration. Nonetheless, polka. the United States. I think we need to carefully consider our Perhaps you could call it the first strike in rural housing needs and to explore ways to America, except that the Polonians were not This is the way they would have it. . increase housing production there. Often quitting work on an employer. They do however need our support in overlooked is the fact that some of the worst They shut down their own industries and other ways. They do not want to be cast poverty is found in our rural areas which the commercial activity of the colony, the aside in favor of the Communist Chinese have few organized groups fighting for their reason for its establishment, quickly came to and rightly so. We not only have a moral Interests. an almost complete halt. obligation to the Nationalist Govern­ In closing, I want to offer the services of Except for the few pounds of tobacco, the ment, but the preservation of freedom the staff of the Pennsylvania Department.pf colonists were beginning to export, practi­ for this island nation is in our own best. Community Affairs to you 1! there 1s any way cally all of the profits realized by the London interests. company came from the re-sale of the prod­ 1n which their wide technical experience 1n ucts of the Polish industries. The word "detente" is being bandied housing and CQmmunity development can be The Jamestown government quickly real­ about a great deru these days, but tt. of assistance to you. ized that 1! it sent empty ships back to Eng­ should not be achieved at the expense Thank you for this opportunity to offer my land, the consequences could be very un­ comments on H.R. 10036. of our friends .and allies. 'Ibis indeed,. pleasant. would be a great tragedy. 34030 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 12, 1973 LAND FOR CALIFORNIA INDIANS The consent of Indian Tribes was usually of supporting the chfidren then falls on the obtained by treaties. Treaties were actually mother, forcing many women into welfare." negotiated with the Indians of California, Bellman has introduced a bill to deduct HON. JEROME R. WALDIE but the Senate refused to ratify them. child support directly from a parent's salary OF CALIFORNIA The United States Government is not with­ via the Social Security system. out responsibtl1ty for the genocide against Other bills in the hopper would make it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the California Indians. The description given a crime to leave the state to avoid paying Friday, October 12, 1973 this genocide by the great California his­ chfid support, and would garnishee federal torian, H. H. Bancroft, is: and m111tary pay, if necessary, to collect. Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, the tragic "One of the Last Human Hunts of Civfitza­ Meanwhile, the number of poor fainilies history of the actions of the Federal tion, and The Basest and Most Brutal of headed by women is rising, while that headed Government toward the native Indians them all ..." by men is falling, according to the U.S. of this country has been well docu­ The Federal Government's confession, de­ Census. mented. During the years of westward livered by the Secretary of the Interior, read What this means to the children ts. clear: as follows: Those in the male-headed poor fainilies have expansion, the rights of Indians to prop­ "It wiD be for Congress to determine what a fifty-fifty chance of breaking out of pov­ erty and to life itself were not respected. measure of compensation is due to the sur­ erty. Those in the female-beaded families Since that time, the record has not vivors of those more than one hundred have virtually none. been that much better. Funding for pro­ thousand Indians who were done to death Betty Spalding, chairwoman of the· Na­ grams that would aid in job training and by the actions and laches of the guardian tional Organization for Women's family task placement, in upgrading the level of government between the years 1848 and force, notes that the divorce rate has zoomed health, care, in sponsoring the produc­ 1880." in states with "no-i%ult" laws and says: Most Indian Tribes have a land basis, piti­ "There is a direct relation between the· tion of much-needed housing, and in de­ ful and uneconomic as it may be. Most Cali­ number of divorces granted in a state and veloping educational programs to meet fornia Indian Tribes have no tribal land at the size of its welfare rolls." the special needs of these people has not all-and they should be given such a base. The biggest single item in the U.S. wei­ been forthcoming. If it were not dictated by law, it would be fare budget is Aid to Famllies Oif Dependent, At the conference of the State Bar of required as a matter of simple justice and Children ( AFDC) , which this, year will cost. California last year the resolution which morality. almost $4 billion, paid out to about 11 Inil­ follows was passed. This resolution di­ DIGEST lion recipients. Digest: Indian Tribes; Land Base. California, the state with the most di­ rects that Congress provide land for vorces, also leads the league on AFDC witb tribal Indians in California who presently Proposes that Congress be memorialized to provide a land base for all California In­ 1.4 m1llion recipients. The Legistature is have no land of their own. dian tribes which presently do not have one. considering payroll deductions for child sup­ Mr. Speaker, the full text of this reso­ port. lution follows: Within one year after their divorce decrees, RESOLUTION 5-20 PROPOSED BY only 38 per cent of fathers were in full AUBREY GROSSMAN A LOOK AT NO-FAULT DIVORCE compliance with court orders for chlld. sup­ port, according to a 1955 study, the only Resolved, that the Conference of Dele­ statistical evidence available on child support gates recommends to the Board of Gover­ payments, published by the Citizens Ad­ nors of the State Bar of California that it HON. MARTHA W. GRIFFITHS OF MICHIGAN visory Council on the Status of Women. memorialize Congress, as follows: By the tenth year, 79 per cent Oif the To the Congress of the United States: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fathers had stopped paying. It is the sentiment of the Bar of Califor­ Friday, October 12, 1973 State agencies, with varying degrees Oif suc­ nia that Congress should adopt a law which cess, pursue collections for we-lfare mothers. wiD provide a land base for all California Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, Vera But the woman who tries to support her Indian Tribes which presently have no, or Glaser, in her third article of a series famfiy without federal aid has to hire a an infinitesimal, land base. on no-fault divorce, examines the ex­ lawyer and go to court if her husband STATEMENT OF REASONS tent to which· no-fault divorce is add­ reneges, something she c'an rarely afford. To an Indian Tribe a land base is absolute­ ing to our total welfare burden. Un­ She may need the support payments to ly indispensable for cultural, religious and cover day care whfie she works. Assuming questionably, for many mothers with she does shop for a lawyer, she will find econoinic reasons. In 1853 Indian Tribes families who have been left alone by held Indian Title to practically all of Cali­ them reluctant to take a small-bore case. fornia. Beginning in that year all their land fathers not inclined by love or law to The whole process can take weeks or months. was taken from them; in order to accom­ live up to support obligations, welfare The only answer: welfare. plish it 90-95% of the Indians were wiped becomes the answer. The article, which Recently Rep. Martha Grifllths (D., Mich.) out; almost all of the Tribes were destroyed, appeared in "The Miami Herald," fol­ asked a witness at the Joint Economic Com­ together with their culture and language. lows: mittee, "To what extent does the enforce­ ment of chfid support obligations force This land was taken from them without their No-FAULT CAN LEAD To PoVERTY mothers onto welfare rolls?" consent, and without the payment of a cent. (By Vera Glaser) The Government proposes to pay its debt Witness Johnnie Tillmon of the National to the Indians by calculating the value of WASHINGTON .--congress is closing in on Welfare Rights organization replied: deadbeat daddies. "If he doesn't have to, the father will not California (in 1853) land as 47 cents an acre. The number of fathers who duck support pay. In a lot of states the amount ordered There are various ways to show how much obligations to their children is a national is not enough." this figure undervalues California in 1853. scandal. AFFLUENCE DOESN'T HELP One simple way is to note that 50 times And the trend toward "no-fault" divorce that much was taken out of California in laws encourages nonpayment, some experts Mrs. Tillmon recalled that her husband, gold alone. Because of the smallness of the contend. residing in Arkansas while she lived in Cali­ payments and because none of the money fornia, had been required to pay $5 per week By removing any finding of guilt in a per chfid. goes to the Tribes, there is no possib111ty marriage breakup, the laws also remove any of any Tribes using this money to buy a guidelines judges may have for bearing down "The district attorney in California said land base. on a spouse who simply walks away from an it would cost too much money to track him The legalities are simple. In the Nor·thwest obligation. down, that they would rather pay the $300 Ordinance of 1787 the Government an­ a month (welfare) to me." nounced its poUcy toward Indian lands, as CONGRESS SHOWS CONCERN Unmarried, unemployed, and low-income follows: The result can be poverty for one, or both, divorced mothers are more or less expected "The utmost good faith shall always be partners. to populate the welfare rolls. observed toward. the Indians, their land and Non-supporting fathers are nothing new, What is surprising are the affluent fathers property shall never be taken from them but as their numbers increase, Congress is who push their wives onto AFDC. without their consent, and in their property showing concern. Doctors and lawyers in the $25,000-and­ rights and liberty they shall never be in­ "A major weakness of divorce laws is the tlf> bracket are child-support delinquents, vaded or disturbed." ease with which a parent, usually a father, according to a recent California study pub­ Congress reenacted the statute, with only can avoid his court-imposed duty of child lished by the Rand Corporation. slight changes in wording, in 1789, 1804, 1834 support," says Senator Henry Bellman (R., AFDC mothers who were called together and 1850. Various Presidents and their Com­ Okla.). for a discussion group were "apprehensive" missioners of Indian A:ffairs reaffirmed this "He can move to another state or get an about meeting each other, according to the as the governing law. unlisted telephone number. The full burden report, because "each thought the others October 12, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34031 would be members of a culturally disad­ must stand ready to defend Israel's un­ of which are based in North America­ vantaged minority. They were in for a shock. deniable right to peaceful existence. It is and the refusal of the U.S. Government "Two were college graduates, one an ex­ school teacher. Several had been secretaries, also of paramount impO'rtance that those to undertake a positive and cooperative one an art major. Most had owned their nations lending support to the Arab policy with the Chilean Government. own homes before a broken marriage." atrocities be placed on immediate notice. Especially reprehensible are the poli­ The study charges that "Many judges and There can be no question that Russia is cies now being pursued by the ruling lawyers find child support cases boring, and actively supporting the Arab assault by junta in the wake of Dr. Allende's death some are naturally hostile to the concept supplying massive amounts of weapons, and the revolt against his government. of father's responsibility for children." missiles, and aircraft. Perhaps the recent Aside from public book burnings, the dis­ Under the law, both parents are equally visit by Secretary Shultz to Moscow con­ missal of university presidents and other liable for support CY! their children. vinced Russian leaders that America was educators, the dissolution of the freely COVERING THE ESSENTIALS not really all that concerned with the elected Congress and the outlawing of Some men are seeking and winning cus­ plight of those Jews wishing to emigrate various political parties and publications. tody of their children, and some women­ like the Ohio clerk who was ordered recently to Israel, and was, therefore, not really I am deeply troubled by the reports of to pay her ex-husband $50 a month toward all that concerned with Israel itself. mass arrests, mysterious deaths, mis­ support of their five children-are taking Nothing is further from the truth. Mr. treatment and execution of political on new areas of responsibility. Speaker, I suggest that the time has prisoners and the inability of these pris­ But the proportion of those cases remains come to send Secretary Shultz back to oners to secure asylum in foreign em­ small. Moscow. I suggest that he make it clearly bassies or to leave the country. The ac­ Ohild support awards are usually based known that continued Soviet involve­ tion being taken by the Chilean military on the father's ability to pay and the mother's earning capacity. They average $15 ment in the Middle East will severely junta against former government of­ to $30 per week per child. About $75 per damage any trade agreements which they ficials, students, intellectuals, opposition month is typical in Qalifornia. might hope for. While President Nixon political leaders and others is clearly in The sums are to cover food and shelter. and Secretary of State Kissinger were violation of numerous international To get funds for medical, dental care or col­ quick to take affirmative action in at­ agreements and conventions to which lege, the mother has to go to court again. tempting to convince Egypt and Syria to Chile is a party. cease hostilities and negotiate a speedy I am hopeful that these repressive and peace, Russia was taking swift action to dictatorial policies--which certainly war­ ISRAEL-SYRIA CRISIS supply the Arab nations with increased rant condemnation by men of good will amounts of sophisticated and deadly throughout the world-are only tran­ armaments. This sort of action must be sitional and that the ruling junta will HdN. JAMES A. BURKE halted at once. soon come to the realization that they are OF MASSACHUSETTS The long standing and firm friendship only serving to besmirch Chile's image in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES between the United States and Israel is the world and needlessly exacerbate an Friday, October 12, 1973 highly cherished and we must take every already very tense situation. step to restore peace to this valiant na­ For its part the United States should Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. tion. do what it can to make certain that the Speaker, while Israel was preparing for President Nixon must make sure that Chilean rulers reconsider many of its prayer, Egypt and Syria were preparing Israel receives sufficient weaponry, Phan­ present policies and redirect its priorities for war. It had been 10 days since Rosh tom jets, tanks, et cetera to make up and energies toward restoring meaning­ Hashanah, the start of the new year, 10 for losses suffered as a result of this sur­ ful reforms, stability, democratic proce­ very significant days. These are the days prise attack upon Israel. dures and internal harmony in that very during which God places the names of troubled land. Further, this country and the children of Israel into the Book of other nations should insure, through ex­ Life. They are days of reaffirmation and isting international mechanisms, that all rededication to God's laws, and they are THE CHILEAN TRAGEDY political prisoners will be accorded fair, days of extra devotion to living as God humane and just treatment and that would have you live. Finally, at the end there will be a prompt end to senseless of that time, comes the day of atone­ HON. HERMAN BADILLO killings and recriminations. ment, Yom Kippur. This is the holiest of OF NEW YORK Mr. Speaker, the sad state of affairs in holy days. It is a day of prayer and fast­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Chile was very aptly described in a recent ing, and a day to seek forgiveness for past Friday, October 12, 1973 New York Times editorial. I submit this sins. editorial herewith, for inclusion in the Yet, to Egypt and Syria, the new year Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, the world RECORD, and ~xpress the hope that the had been a day to plan new bloodshed. recently viewed with great dismay and persent Chilean regime will once again The 10 days of reaffirmation, were days sorrow the tragic and bloody overthrow allow democracy to prevail throughout of rearmament, and the day of atone­ of President Salvador Allende of Chile the country: ment was the day of attack. There can by a military junta. This development be no question as to who launched this was particularly troublesome because a [From the New York Times, Oct. 7, 1973] vicious offensive. Egypt and Syria joined freely elected government, in a nation CHILE: STILL OFF COURSE in plotting and executing one of the most with strong democratic traditions and Chile's military rulers are launching a blatent and outrageous violations of in­ a political armed forces, was summarily worldwide publicity campaign to explain why ternational and moral laws since World ousted by right.,.wing military elements. they felt compelled to destroy the elected Government of President Allende and to try War II. There can be no justification for Many of the policies pursued by the to purge the country of Marxist influences. this brutal action. Allende government were not dissimilar They will discover, however, that their ac­ Mr. Speaker, it is our responsibility, from those of his predecessors, such as tions at home will always have far greater im­ and indeed the responsibility of all peace the gradual nationalization of certain pact on their international standing than loving nations, to serve clear notice to industries. Dr. Allende and his advisers public relations efforts abroad. Egypt, Syria, and all other nations who seemed to be trying to make an honest It has been the military's home-front ex­ are supporting this outrage, that they effort to effect needed, democratic social cesses-the executions, even if the numbers will gain nothing through their actions reforms and to achieve a more equitable killed have been wildly exaggerated abroad; the mass arrests, many based on hearsay or and that, in fact, they will lose a great distribution of wealth and resources grudges, the brutal treatment of detainees, deal. If Egypt and Syria expect to gain among the people. While a num'9er of now to wen documented to admit of doubt; through their criminal and savage at­ the policies were not successful, a good the deliberate stoking of xenophobia against tacks, they are sadly mistaken. Full and deal of the blame for tl:.eir failure must all foreigners-these actions have blackened unequivocal notice should be given im- rest with the forceful opposition of the the once-enviable reputation of Chile's mediately to that effect. • military, the ill-conceived intervention of armed forces in the Americas and beyond. The United Nations and its members large multinational corporations--most In a country as bitterly polarized as Chile 34032 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE October 13, 1973 had become during the Allende Government's ernment, including representation in legis­ ber of my staff in my .district office in attempts to impose drastic Soc18111sm opposed lative bodies. And in one of its most omi­ Lexington, Ky., I was unable to attend by the majority prompt pacification and re­ nous actions, the junta is replacing all rectors conctllation could not be expected. But the of Chilean universities with milltary omcers. House proceedings on October 11, 1973. junta wlll surely render these imperative If it persists in measures so destructive of Had I been present on the floor of the long-run goals impossible if it carries out Chile's democratic tradition, the junta wlll House on October 11, I would have voted what seems to be a plan io try every major court not merely the host111ty abroad that figure of that Government within its reach seems to worry it but eventual disaster for in favor of House Joint Resolution 727, before m111tary tribunals on charges of trea­ itself at home. The hope must be that many a bill providing further continuing ap­ son. of these actions are stopgap measures taken propriations for fiscal year 1974. I also The trial of Luis CorvaJan, the Com­ in haste and that the military leaders wlll munists party secretary-general, is a case in ultimately reject the corporate state, opting would have voted in favor of H.R. 10614, point. Strange as it seems to those unfami­ instead for a return to democratic, constitu­ the military construction authorization liar with Chilean polltios, the Communists tional government, with the armed forces re­ not only had played by the democratic rules turning to their traditional place on the for fiscal year 1974. but had been a force for moderation and sidelines. In my absence I was given a live pair compromise within the AUende coalltion, against recommitting the conference re­ repeatedly critical of the more revolutionary Socialists. In the absence of solid evidence PERSONAL EXPLANATION port on House Joint Resolution 727 to in open court, the junta wlll have difficulty the conference committee, and a live pair convincing the world that Mr. Corvalan was in favor of final passage of the bill. guilty. HON. JOHN BRECKINRIDGE Apart from its zeal to punish Allende asso­ OF KENTUCKY Since there were so few Members ciates and to root out Marxists, the junta IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES against the military construction au­ has hinted at a long stretch of m111tary rule thorization, H.R. 10614, I was unable to under something Uke a corporate state struc­ Friday, October 12, 1973 ture. A new Constitution wlll reportedly pro­ Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. Mr. Speaker, receive a live pair; however, I was given vide for a continuing milltary role in gov- due to a death in the family of a mem- a general pair.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Saturday, October 13, 1973 The House met at 10 o'clock a.m. NOMINATION OF VICE PRESIDENT­ there are many disturbing elelhents that The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT should preoccupy our thoughts at this D.O., offered the following prayer: OF THE UNITED STATES