sign in sign up
<<
Home , Philip La Follette, Ralph Budd

1650 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 31 municipalities, and school districts can be financed directly ness of the company, together with a list of stockholders, by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation; to the Com­ for the year ended December 31, 1933, which, with the ac­ mittee on Banking and Currency. companying papers, was referred to the Committee on the 1970. By Mr. PERKINS: Letter from Charles V. Bacon, District of Columbia. Mahwah, N.J., opposing the excise tax on coconut oil; also REPORT OF THE GEORGETOWN GASLIGHT CO. telegram from William King, Hohokus, N.J., opposing excise As in legislative session, tax on coconut oil and other imported oils; and a telegram The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from Albert Grundy, River Edge, N.J., opposing excise tax on from the vice president of the Georgetown Gaslight Co., coconut oil and copra; to the Committee on Ways and transmitting, pursuant to law, a detailed statement of the Means. business of the company, together with a list of stockholders, 1971. By Mr. RUDD: Petition of Munay & Flood, New for the year ended December 31, 1933, which, with the ac­ York City, favoring the passage of House bill 5632; to the companying papers, was refened to the Committee on the Committee on Agriculture. District of Columbia. 1972. By Mr. STRONG of Pennsylvania: Petition of Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Indiana County, REPORT OF THE CHESAPEAKE & POTOMAC TELEPHONE CO. Pa., favoring enactment of House bill 6097, to regulate the As in legislative session, motion-picture industry; to the Committee on Interstate and The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter Foreign Commerce. from the president of the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone 1973. Also, petitions signed by 7,658 citizens of Armstrong, Co., trainsmitting, pursuant to law the report of tne com­ Cambria, Indiana, and Jefferson Counties, Pa., petitioning pany for the calendar year 1933, io be substituted for the the Congress of the to act at once to safeguard report submitted on January 9, 1934, in which report the the inherent rights of the American people relative to the operations of the company for the month of December were radio; to the Committee on Merchant Marine, Radio, and estimated only, which, with the accompanying paper, was Fisheries. referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. 1974. By Mr. THOMASON: Petition of residents of the BALANCE SHEET OF THE CHESAPEAKE & POTOMAC TELEPHONE CO. Sixteenth Congressional District of Texas, regarding the As in legislative session, broadcasting of certain radio programs; to the Committee The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter on Merchant Marine, Radio, and Fisheries. from the president of the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone 1975. Also, petition of residents of Leakey, Tex., urging Co., transmitting, pursuant to law, a comparative general repeal of the Economy Act; to the Committee on Appropria­ balance sheet of the company for the year 1933, which, with tions. the accompa,nying paper, was referred to the Committee on 1976. By Mr. WADSWORTH: Petition numerously signed the District of Columbia. relating to freedom of the radio; to the Committee on Mer­ chant Marine, Radio, and Fisheries. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS 1977. By Mr. WERNER: Petition of citizens of the Second As in legislative session, Congressional District, South Dakota, requesting Congress to The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a telegram act at once to safeguard the inherent rights of the Ameri­ from Dr. Anna G. Franklin, of Tulsa, Okla., relative to the can people relative to the radio; to the Committee on Mer­ operations of the N.R.A. and her opportunity to make a chant Marine, Radio, and Fisheries. livelihood, which was referred to the Committee on Banking 1978. By Mr. WOLFENDEN: Petition signed by Robert and Currency. Gray Taylor, of Media, Pa., and 38 others, urging passage of He also laid before the Senate resolutions adopted by the the Costigan-Wagner antilynching bill; to the Committee on Independent Merchants Association of , commending the Judiciary. the attitude of the Senator from Idaho [Mr. BORAH] and the Senator from North Dakota [Mr. NYE] in their efforts to revive the operation of the Sherman Antitrust Law, which SENATE were referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 31, 1934 He also laid before the Senate the petition of Charles McAdam, of Danville, Ill., praying for the passage of a Sen­

1m.Ls INTRODUCED appropriation bill the matter commencing with line 2 on As in legislative session, page 10, down to and including line 10, on page 45, and to Bills were introduced, read the first time, and, by unani­ insert in lieu thereof a substitute covering appropriations for mous consent, the second time, and referred as follows: the Bureau of Indian Affairs, intended to be proposed by By Mr. BORAH: them to House bill 6951, the Interior Department appropria­ A bill (S. 2544) for the relief of William T. Putman and tion bill, which was ref erred to the Committee on Appro­ John A. Peterson; to the Committee on Claims. priations and ordered to be printed. By Mr. McNARY: HOUSE BILL REFERRED A bill (s. 2545) to extend the times for commencing and completing the construction of a bridge across the Columbia As in legislative session, River at or near Astoria, Oreg.; and The bill

READING, PA., January 23, 1934. E. H. Eddleman, care of the Planning and Coordi~ating Com- Senator JAMES J. DAVIS, mittee, Willard Hotel, Washington, D.C. • Washington, D.C. J. D. Collett, Fort Worth, Tex . DEAR Sm: The·on industry as a whole is endeavoring to be re­ L. E. Barrows, P.O. box 1160, Fort Worth, Tex. lieved of the unjustifiable tax which is placed on gasoline and Fred C. Sealey, care of the Texas Co., Houston, Tex. motor oils. Taking our particular industry as a whole, we do not Yours very truly, feel that the tax should be so apportioned that it is unfair to that M. G. CHENEY, particular industry compared with taxation on all others. In fact, By V. E. STEPP. when you consider the State tax as well as the Federal tax, and the cc-A. R. Forster, Coleman, Tex.; F. M. Sullivan, Coleman, Tex.: cost price of the product, it would, in our estimation, seem to be Sherwood Owen, Brownwood, Tex.; H. G. Agnew & Sons, Ballinger, a case of confiscation. Tex.; Centennial Oil & Gas Co., Goldsboro, Tex.; Roth & Faurot, We do not know how you feel regarding this subject, but are Coleman, Tex.; I. E. Ransom, Coleman, Tex.; H. Minister, Cole­ passing on our views in the event that there is a possibility of this man, Tex. 1-cent Federal tax being eliminated. We trust that you will act favorably for the oil industry in this respect. [From Sphere, February 1934} Very truly yours, CODES MAKE A SHAMBLES OF SMALL BUSINESS--ANTITRUST LAWS MUST PENN SERVICE On. Co., BE RESTORED, SAYS SENATOR BORAH, OR INDEPENDENT BUSINESSES WILL STRATMEYER. _ J._ BE DESTROYED--LITTLE BUSINESS SHOULD HAVE ITS OWN SPECIAL ANTITRUST LAWS AND INDEPENDENT BUSINESSES CODES By Senator WILLIAM E. BORAH Mr. BORAH. Mr. President, as in legislative session, I Not much is being said about it, probably not much will be ask permission to have inserted in the RECORD and to lie on said, but a real tragedy ls being played out today in American the table a telegram from the independent movie associa­ business life, a tragedy which involves anxiety and great suffer­ tng, mental and physical, and, in many instances, the sacrifice of tion; also a photostatic cop'y of a letter from the major pride, place in· the community, and at last, turning the key in the oil companies touching the interests of the small inde­ door, failure in business, failure in life. The tragedy is that of pendent oil companies; and also an article from Sphere small business fighting for existence and, in many instances, fighting in vain. under date of February 1934, all touching the subject which Last October in a public address I called attention to the fact I was discussing several days ago concerning the antitrust that these business codes were written for big business or written laws and their effect upon small business. in conformity with the interests of big business. It was almost necessary that they be made to conform to the interests of There being no objection, the matter was ordered to lie big business. That by reason of that fact, small business, inde­ on the table and to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: pendent business, was becoming greatly distressed, and that, in NEW YORK, N.Y., January 25, 1934. my opinion, unless there was a change in the program, small business would be crushed out, destroyed. Some publicity was Hon. WILLIAM E. BORAH, given to these remarks. United States Senate: Since that time I have received over 9,000 letters or messages National Board of Directors, Allied States Association of Motion from small business, independent business, confirming more than Picture Exhibitors, meeting at Warwick Hotel, direct that your I had indicated. These men are not chiselers; they are not de­ attention be invited to a device resorted to by code authority for sirous of impeding a just and sound plan for recovery. They are motion-picture industry to defeat remedial measures not involving among the best citizens of our country, asking no more than a change in law. That body dominated by major producers re­ chance to play the game under rules fair to small business as well quires that independents fill unqualified assets to code as condi­ as to big business. tion of participating in any degree therein, thereby waiving all It is no attack upon big business to say that, after all, "small right and approving in advance everything this code authority business" constitutes the real strength of our economic struc­ may do. We have filed suit to test their right to do this and ture. It needs no argument to convince any reflecting person that are advised defense of proceeding will be handled by N.R.A., thus its ruin would be an irreparable loss to the Nation. It needs no making it appear we are opposing the Government. Major pro­ argument to prove that the small business man cannot carry on ducers are violating code provisions against forcing short subjects under codes made to conform to the interests of big business. with feature pictures and protecting themselves by stamping on One of the great items in the situation arises out of the fact contract that the exhibitor has agreed to purchase excess number that the antitrust laws 11ave been suspended. There is little and requiring exhibitor to initial the clause. This is cited to show practical restraint upon the rapacious appetites of some big how large units being in absolute power can and do exact agree­ businesses. Not all. For bigness itself noes not necessarily denote ments and waivers which will preclude independents from con­ greed or meanness of purpose. But it was a sad mistake to lift testing monopolistic practices before boards. We greatly deplore all restraint from big buslness by suspending the laws against that efforts to enlist interest of General Counsel Richberg elicited trusts. only condescending and evasive letter from a subordinate attorney. It is true that there is in the National Recovery Act-a general By direction of the board. statement prohibiting monopoly and monopolistic practices. But ABRAM F. MYERS, Chairman. in practical effect this seems to be a dead letter. It furnishes no protection to small business. COLEMAN, TEX., January 18, 1934. Trusts and combines and conspiracies and restraint of trade pre­ vail, not only without restraint, but rather under the shelter of To whom it may concern: the Government. The result is that the small business man must The writer is a member of the new pool committee in Texas not only do business under codes framed to meet the require­ under the code of fair competition for the petroleum industry, ments and in accordance with the necessities of large business, and respectfully calls your attention to the necessity of filing a but he is compelled to contend against those practices of great report by January 31, 1934, showing agreed plan of development. combines which have been used from time immemorial to destroy This is necessary to the legal shipment of oil from any new pool. small business. The new pool is defi:ned as "any commercially productive accu­ Many letters which I have disclose price fixing, price cutting, mulation of crude petroleum (whether located in a field, area, or and all the practical methods heretofore employed but condemned horizon heretofore known as productive or otherwise) discovered by our courts and condemned by our laws. after January l, 1933, and/or in which 10 commercially producing It seems to me that the first step we should take in the interest wells had not been completed by September 13, 1933." of small business is to restore the antitrust · 1aws; tha.t provision The plan requires presentation of maps showing ownerships, of the National Recovery Act which suspended them should be present and proposed development and probable outlines of the repealed. They should remain in full force upon the statute pool, and must include several provisions which have received books. rather wide publication, such as in the Star Telegram issues of This will, in my opinion, not embarrass the administration of December 24, 1933, and January 14, 1934, and probably the va­ the National Recovery Act. It was supposed at the ti.me that rious oil journals have included this in recent -issues, including act was passed that the antitrust laws would embarrass the ad­ the Oil and Gas Journal issue of January 18, 1934, page 10. ministration of the National Recovery Act. But, in view of the The .chairman of the Texas new pool committee is Fred Sealey, decisions of the Supreme Court during the last 30 years, there is of the Texas Co., Houston, Tex., and other members are H. E. no reason to suppose that the fair administration o! the National Marsh, of the Amerada Petroleum Corporation, Fort Worth; T. E. Recovery Act would not come well within the decisions of the Swigert, Shell Petroleum Co., Houston, Tex. Six copies of the Supreme Court as to the meaning of the antitrust laws. report must be submitted and signatures-must be sworn to before The Industrial Recovery Act has for its object the establish­ a notary public. No set form has_been proposed, and it is appar­ ment of fair competition, and the Supreme Court has said that ently up to the owners of each new pool to adopt some definite the Sherman Antitrust' Act was "not intended to fetter free and plan in keeping with conservation and stab\lity- of the industry. fair competition as was commonly understood and practiced by Two of these copies must be filed with the Petroleum Administra­ honorable opponents in trade." tive Board, ·Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. (atten­ No one need fear the Sherman Antitrust Laws or the Clayton tion of Mr. J. W. Steele), by January 31, 1934, with single copies Act who desires to carry on a business upon a fair and honorable Jo the following:- basis or upon a basis of fair competition. 1934 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE 1653 · Secondly, it seems to me that some way must be devised to Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, the Senator have different codes for small, indep~ndent business institutions and great combines, as it were, as a different condition has to be from Louisiana, while I was absent from the Chamber today, met, and different rules must necessarily prevail. called up Senate Resolution 158. Objection was made to its It has been said to me, and it has been said elsewhere, that immediate consideration, as I am informed. the period of the small business is passing. This brutal doctrine Mr. LONG. That is correct. is born of greed upon one hand and of the communistic theory Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. And I understand the Sen­ upon the other. It is in the interest of the whole country, in the interest of sound economics, and in the interest of the perpe­ ator from LOuisiana wishes to call up the resolution now. tuity of the institutions under which we live to protect the small Mr. LONG. Yes; I do. business interests of the country. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. I have no objection to the NATIONAL INCOME, 1929-32 (S.DOC. NO. 124) Senator doing so, with the understanding that I shall make As in legislative session, a motion to refer the resolution to a committee. Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, in June 1932, I sub­ Mr. LONG. I call up Senate Resolution 158, if there is no mitted a resolution, which was adopted by the Senate, being objection. Senate Resolution 220, which called upon the Secretary of There being no objection, the Vice President laid before Commerce- the Senate the resolution (S.Res. 158) submitted by Mr. LONG on the 30th instant, providing for an investigation of To report to the Senate of the United States on or before December 15, 1933, estimates of the total national income of the the activities of citizens of Louisiana adverse to HUEY P. United States for each of the calendar years 1929, 1930, and 1931, LoNG, United States Senator from Louisiana. including estimates of the portions of the national income origi­ Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. I move that the resolution nating from agriculture, manufacturing, min.ing, transportation, be referred. to the Committee to Audit and Control the and other gainful industries and occupations, and estimates of the distribution of the national income in the form of wages, Contingent Expenses of the Senate. rents, royalties, dividends, profits, and other types of payments. Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I am not going to object to These estimates shall be prepared by the Bureau of Foreign and that motion, because .I hope I will be able to get an early Domestic Commerce, and the Bureau shall use available official and unofficial statistics and such relevant data as may be in the report from that committee. possessions of the various departments, bureaus, and independent The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion establishments of the Federal Government. of the Senator from Arkansas that the resolution be referred Mr. President, the Department of Commerce has submit­ to the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent ted its report under the terms of that resolution, and the Expenses of the Senate. report was referred to the Senate Committee on Finance. The motion was agreed to. At the last meeting of the committee I discussed the report EMPLOYMENT OF TEMPORARY CLERKS TO SENATORS with other members of the committee, and, after explaining As in legislative session, that it is a very valuable piece of statistical work and is the Mr. BONE. Mr; President, l send to the desk a resolution first official estimate of this character which we have had and ask una.nimous consent for its immediate consideration. for many years, I was instructed by the committee to request I ask to ·have the resolution read. unanimous consent that the report be printed as a Senate The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will be read. document. Therefore, now,- as in legislative session, I make The resolution CS.Res. 161) was read, as fallows: that request. I may say that the action of the committee Resolved, That each Senator is authorized to appoint one addi­ in making this recommendation was unanimous. tional clerk to serve until the expiration of the present session of The VICE PRESIDENT. · Is there objection? The Chair the Congres.5, and to be paid a salary at the rate of $1,800 per hears none, and it is so ordered. annum out of the .contingent fund of the Senate. . Mr. BONE. Mr. President, such comment as I desire to PROPOSED INVESTIGATION OF LOUISIANA PROPAGANDA make on this resolution will be very brief. As in legislative session, I assume that I suffer from the same disadvantages which Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to seeni to be affecting all other Members of this body now. call up Senate Resolution 158. I cannot call it up without Every Senator to whom I have talked has told me the same unanimous consent, because there has been no new legis- story. It is physically impossible to answer the mail that is 1~ tive day since I submitted it. now coming in. Mr. PITTMAN . . Mr. President, I should like to have the I do not care to prolong the discussion. The resolution resolution read first, to understand what it is. merely provides that each Member of this body shall have Mr. LONG. It merely provides for an investigation. the aid of. an extra clerk during the remainder of this Mr. PITTMAN. Will it require debate? · session, which may go on for 60 days or possibly longer. Mr. BARKLEY. Does it require any ~ppropriation or.any It does not provide for any permanent extra aid. expenditure? I am not sure whether the resolution should be referred to Mr. LONG. No; it does not require any at all. a committee or not. If not, I ask for its immediate con­ Mr. BARKLEY. Let the resolution be passed over until sideration. some of us can look into it. It may be that the resolution The VICE PRESIDENT. Necessarily the resolution must ought to go to the Committee· to Audit and Control the be referred to the Committee to Audit and Control the Con­ Contingent Expenses of the Senate. tingent Expenses of the Senate. Mr. LONG. No; it does not have to go there. It might Mr. BONE. That is perfectly all right, if it has to be so have to· go to the House of Morgan, but it does not have to referred under _the rule. go to the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent The VICE PRESIDENT.- The resolution .will be so referred. Expenses of the Senate. The only question is as to whether HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON CLAIMS or not we will investigate the expenditure of money in this As in legislative session, city to set up headquarters, to run a publicity bureau, and Mr. BAILEY. Mr. President, I submit a resolution which do other things financed by private interests for the pur­ I ask to have read and adopted. It is a resolution· from the pose of protecting certain private interests against a Member Claims Committee authorizing that committee to hold hear­ of the United States Senate. That is ·all there is to the ings, and providing for the payment of· stenographic ex­ resolution. pense. . It is the ordinary resolution which is passed from Mr. BARKLEY. Let it go over for the present. I shoulcl year to year, and we need it. It ought to be adopted today, like to look into it. for the reason that we have some hearings set for tomorrow . . Mr. LONG. Very well. There beirig no objection, the re~olution (S.Res. 162) was ' Mr. LONG subsequently· said: Mr. President, I have been read, as follows: talking with the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. ROBINSON], Resolved, That the Committee on Claims or any subcommittee and I desire to ask leave to bring up Senate Resolution 158. thereof be, and hereby is, authorized during the Seventy-third LXXVIII--105 1654 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 31 Congress to send for persons, books, and papers, to administer building because they are local and therefore cost less. The em­ oaths, and to employ a stenographer, at a cost not exceeding 25 phasis, both outside and in, is on simplicity, so that all the cents per hundred words, to report such hearings as may be had 1n money available can be spent on things that will give value, use, connection with any subject which may be before said committee, and comfort to the occupants. The houses will have no cornices, the expenses thereof to be pa.id out of the contingent fund of moldings, or other ornaments. They will be heated by electricity. the Senate; and that the committee, or any subcommittee thereof, This will be possible through the cheap power the T.V .A. will pro­ may sit during sessions or recesses of the Senate. duce at Norris Dam. An electric range, a refrigerator, a water heater, and numerous other electrical appliances will be furnished. The VICE PRESIDENT. Under the rule, the resolution Steel casements which will extend to within 4 inches of the will be referred to the Committee to Audit and Control the ceiling will be used for windows to improve ventilation. Every Contingent Expenses of the Senate. house will have a large screened porch costing almost as much as a room but almost as useful in this climate. Mr. BYRNES, subsequently, from the Committee to Audit Showers will take the place of bathtubs because they require and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, to less space and ·are more efficient. Wall board will be used instead which Senate Resolution 162 was referred, reported it with­ of plaster because it is cheaper and can be applied without skilled labor. Skilled labor will be used by the T.V .A. • but the hope is ta out amendment. make the type of construction at Norris so easy that a neighboring Mr. BAILEY. Mr. President, I wish to call up Senate farmer who wants to build himself a similar house will be able Resolution 162, which has been favorably reported by the to do so. It is for the same reason that the T.V.A. is experiment­ Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of ing with a fireproof type of construction that would be simpler to build than brick veneer. Every house will have an electric the Senate. The resolution merely authorizes hearings by humidification system to reduce the heat bill, for properly humidi­ the Committee on Claims, and allows a stenographer to be fied air is comfortable at a lower temperature than dry air. employed. I desire its adoption at this time in order that There will be no building line in the town of Norris. Further, the houses will be staggered unevenly. No window of any house the committee may have a hearing tomorrow. It is the will comm.and an unbroken view of its neighbor's kitchen. The usual form of resolution. details of location for each house will be determined entirely There being no objection, the above resolution CS.Res. by the topography of its lot. Each lot will be slightly irregular 162), submitted today by Mr. BAILEY, was considered and and slightly different in size from the others. The T.V.A. town planners will see to it that there are not in Norris the wretched agreed to. views almost inseparable from the subdivision type of d·evelop­ THE TOWN OF NORRIS, TENN. ment. The rear of a house will be as attractive as the front. I In the center of the town there will be a large comm.on to Mr. CUTTING. Mr. President, ask permission to have serve as a park and open-air meeting place. A recreation field printed in the RECORD an article appearing in the New Re­ will be laid out next to the school. At one end of the common public for January 31, 1934, entitled " The T.V .A. Builds a will be the town center, which will include an administration Town", having relation to the town of Norris, Tenn. building, a hotel, a restaurant, a drug store, a barber shop and beauty parlor, a general store, and a post office. All these will be There being no objection, the articl'e was ordered to be built and owned by the T.V.A. It has not yet been decided printed in the RECORD, as follows: whether the T.V.A. will operate them itself or lease them, but in {From the New Republic, Jan. 31, 1934] any event it will not sell them. The Authority will not only build its school, but will operate it as well. Dr. Floyd W. Reeves, THE T.V.A. BUILDS A TOWN T.V.A. personnel director, formerly of the University of Chicago, The town of Norris, Tenn., will be more than a memorial to the will be the director. The school will offer grammar, junior-high, great liberal Senator for whom it is named; it will be the first and high-school courses. example in the United States of what genuine, coordinated plan­ On the outskirts of the town there will be a well-designed tourist ning can accomplish. It will be a town in which human intelli­ camp, a filling station, and a garage, while surrounding the town gence and human technical skill will turn the natural advantages will be a protective belt of park to prevent the encroachment o! to uses that will enable men and women to build a living, func­ undesirable developments. Residents of Norris will also have the tioning, possibly beautiful community, ratl".ier than a realtor's use of a large administration building equipped with an audi­ dream of subdivisions or a landlord's dream of rack-rent. torium, game rooms, movie hall, library, canteen, and lounge. Four miles away through the Cumberland foothills is the Norris The cost of street improvements, water and sewer systems, grad­ Dam, one of the major power units of the Tennessee Valley ing, landscaping, storm-water drainage, street lighting, public Authority, and at Norris will be built a new, complete town for buildings, and cost of planning and overhead expenses, together those whose work ·makes it desirable for them to live near the with interest on investment in construction, will not be ·added to dam. The sole landlord, the sole planner, the sole builder will the cost of the houses. And there is a sound economic reason for be the T.V.A. itself. Nor will time, congestion, and economic this: If the town had not been built i"'.i would have been neces­ shifts, the three great destroyers of the model town, be able to sary to erect several more dormitories at the construction camp strike at Norris. There is no land for sale. Indefinitely the and several individual houses for foremen and engineers. For T.V.A. will be the sole planner, landlord, and builder. Tl1e land practically the cost of such temporary buildings the T.V .A. is ab~e and buildings a.t Norris will be for rent only, and they will be to give its town a permanent start in life. for rent only to those who will use them--employees whose work Mr. Wank and his aids do not like the term "model town." leads them to live in Norris. So there will be no artificially en­ They refuse to apply it to Norris. "We cannot make revolution­ couraged congestion "down town" while the blight of abandon­ ary improvements any more than we can pull rabbits out of a ment and decay settles over an outlying section. There will be hat", Mr. Wank said. "Until mass production puts materials of no arbitrary, eternal lot lines to block new streets or prevent the the twentieth century-steel, concrete, aluminum, glass, cork, rub­ assemblage of large plots for future public buildings or industrial ber, resin compositions, etc.--closer within our reach, we are con­ needs. The T.V.A. is aware that a town is a living thing; it fined to much the same materials as our forefathers used, and cannot be planned into a state of eternal perfection and left they have already made a pretty thorough job of exploring all to stand unaltered and unalterable. It lives; time changes its the possibilities of lumber, brick, stone, and mortar." needs, its problems; only unending planning can keep it what its But though technical necessity limits the distance that the makers intend it to be. T .V .A. can go toward changing our whole accepted methods of In the meantime, how is the town to be started? What is it town and house building, the steps taken at Norris are definitely to look like? With what sort of lots and houses does the T.V .A. in the right direction. They could hardly be otherwise. After plan to start its child off into life? all, as Mr. Wank remarked, "Private enterprise has made a sorry Streets have already been graded, lots staked off, and plans mess of housing." drawn for the first unit of 250 houses. Construction of the first JOHN T. MOUTOUX. block, 50 houses, will start at once, and the entire unit should be completed .by the middle of June or the first of July. It has GREAT LAKES-ST. LAWRENCE DEEP WATERWAY TREATY not been decided how many more units will follow, but engineers The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the estimate a maximum population of 5,000 to 6,000, requiring approximately tour units. consideration of the treaty between the United States and The standard home will average four rooms, a bath, a laundry, the Dominion of Canada for the completion of the Great and a large screened porch in the rear. Materials and labor costs Lakes-St. Lawrence Deep Waterway, signed July 18, 1932. will range from $2,100 to $5,000 per building. The rental for a Mr. LA FOLLETTE obtained the floor. 3-room house with all conveniences, including an electric heating unit, will be less than $20 a month. Larger hquses will rent for as Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President- high as $45. Each house will be entitled to a 4-acre farm plot at The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Wis­ no additional cost. Some of the residents will have individual consin yield to the Senator from Arkansas? farms; others will pool their land and till it on a cooperative basis. The designing of the houses is in charge of Roland A. Wank, Mr. LA FOLLETTE. I yield. New York architect, who in 1930 won the gold medal of the Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. I suggest the absence of a American Institute of Architects for his design for the Grand quorum. Street apartments in New York City for the Amalgamated Cloth­ ing Workers. Mr. Wank has decided to use no standardized, spe­ Mr. LA FOLLETTE. I yield for that purpose. cial style of architecture. Traditional materials are being used !or The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll. 1934 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1655 The legislative clerk called the roll, and the fallowing Mr. LEWIS. Mr. President-- Senators answered to their names: The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Wiscon­ Adams Couzens Johnson Robinson, Ark. sin yield to the Senator from Illinois? Ashurst Cutting Keyes Robinson, Ind. Mr. LA FOLLETTE. I yield. Austin Davis King Russell Bachman Dickinson La Follette Schall Mr. LEWIS. I again call the attention of my eminent Balley Dieterich Lewis Sheppard friend from Michigan to the fact that what he has read Bankhead Dill Logan Shipstead has vindicated the statement made by me to the Senate. Barbour Duffy Lonergan Steiwer Barkley Erickson Long Stephens It is that the President had not authority and could not Black Fess McAdoo Thomas, Utah have had authority as the nominee upon the Democratic Bone Fletcher McCarran Thompson Borah Frazier McGill Townsend platform to have advocated the treaty which is now under Brown George McKellar Trammell discussion. It is evident that the President's remarks had Bulkley Gibson McNary Tydings to do with waterways and made reference to the st. Law­ Bulow Goldsborough Murphy Vandenberg Byrnes Gore Neely VanNuys rence. I am perfectly willing to agree that Canada shall Capper Hale Non·ts Wagner build her St. Lawrence waterway whenever she pleases; that Caraway Harrison O'Mahoney Walcott Carey Hastings Overton Walsh the St. Lawrence waterway may be built whenever she Connally Hatch Patterson Wheeler chooses; but there is not a word in the President's speech Coolidge Hatfield Pittman White which advocates this treaty between the United States and Copeland Hayden Pope Costigan Hebert Reynolds Canada for a St. Lawrence waterway; nor is there a word in the Democratic national platform-and may I be par­ Mr. LEWIS. I desire to announce that the Senator from doned for saying I had a little something to do with that Oklahoma [Mr. THOMAS] and the Senator from Virginia document; pardon me; I withdraw that-with reference to [Mr. GLAssJ are detained at home by illness. I desire also the pending treaty, but the platform advocates only to announce that the Senator from Virginia [Mr. BYRD] is "waterways." detained by official engagements and the SenMor from Mis­ souri [Mr. CLARK] and the Senator from South Carolina My friend is right in assuming that the words "St. Law­ [Mr. SMITH] are detained upon official business out of the rence waterway" were used by the President, but I call his city. attention again to the fact that I have insisted all the time that the President had at no time in that speech advocated Mr. HEBERT. I desire to announce that my coIIeague, the support of the treaty or referred to the treaty in con­ the senior Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. METCALF], the nection with the St. Lawrence waterway. Senator from New Jersey [Mr. KEAN], the Senator from South Dakota [Mr. NORBECK], the Senator from North Da­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President-- kota [Mr. NYE], and the Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Wiscon­ REED] are necessarily absent from the Senate. sin yield to the Senator from Michigan? The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-six Senators have an­ Mr. LA FOLLETTE. I yield. swered to their names. A quorum is present. Mr. VANDENBERG. I do not intend to discuss with the Senator what happened to the St. Lawrence waterway plank Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President-- in the Democratic National Convention. I freely concede The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Wiscon­ that it is shrouded in great mystery. sin yield to the Senator from Michigan? Mr. LA FOLLETTE. I yield. Mr. LEWIS. We regret that the Senator from Michigan was not present in order that he might have given us inf or­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, when the debate was concluding yesterday afternoon in the time of the Senator ma tion. from Wisconsin, a difference of opinion arose on the floor Mr. VANDENBERG. At least if the Senator from Michi­ of the Senate respecting the correct quotation of President gan had he would have undertaken to make it plain what Roosevelt in his Albany address in July 1932 opening the the situation was. Democratic campaign. I quote from the stenographic notes Mr. LONG. We did. of yesterday's late proceedings: Mr. VANDENBERG. The Senator from Louisiana indi­ Mr. VANDENBERG. In the address which the Democratic nominee cates that they did. If the Senator from Wisconsin will made to the country over the radio he undertook to read and bear with me, I shall proceed just a step farther into the paraphrase the Democratic national platform. • • • The historical facts to which my friends are alluding to demon­ Democratic nominee, in reading the program and platform to the country, included the precise St. Lawrence plank to which strate otherwise. the Senator from Wisconsin is referring. It appears that on the evening of July 30, 1932, the Sena­ • • • • • • tor from Iowa [Mr. DICKINSON] made an address over the Mr. LEWIS. I want to say that my able friend from Michigan has radio from Chicago in behalf of the Republican National fallen into an error, unconsciously, of course. The speech of the Committee in which he took the Democratic Convention to President did not say "the St. Lawrence waterway" but "water­ ways", and I call attention to the fact that the Democratic plat­ task for not having specified in its platform its attitude re­ form did not allude to the " St. Lawrence waterway", and thus it specting the St. Lawrence project. The pending treaty had could not have authorized him in his speech to construe that been signed 2 weeks previous. The Senator from Iowa called platform to endorse other than what it said-" waterways." attention to the fact that the printed platform as released • • • in Washington did not include the reference to the St. Law­ :Mr. VANDENBERG. I shall be very glad to put the President's pre­ rence seaway. The Senator from Illinois is entirely correct cise words in the RECORD tomorrow. in that respect. I have never disputed it. Hence, the mys­ I rise, Mr. President, to complete that promise, and at this tery to which I referred. moment I read from the New York Times of July 31, 1932, That evening-the same evening-the Democratic Presi­ under the heading " Full Text of Speech of Roose­ dential nominee made his Albany address and the only con­ velt Delivered from Albany, N.Y., July 30, 1932 ": troversy between the Senator from Illinois and myself on We advocate extension of Faderal credit to the States to provide yesterday afternoon was solely the question whether or not unemployment relief where the diminishing resources of the Governor Roosevelt in that speech identified the St. Law­ State!? make it impossible for them to provide for the needy; expansion of the Federal program of necessary and useful con­ rence seaway as a part of the platform and as a Democratic struction affected with a public interest, such as flood control and pledge. I am submitting this morning the textual fact that waterways, including the St. Lawrence-Great Lakes deep water­ he did undertake to read the St. Lawrence identification into way. his platform. I submit that the facts thus vindicate my statements upon Immediately after the delivery of that speech and as yesterday. The President specifically identified the St. further demonstration of the historical truth of the thing I Lawrence-Great Lakes deep waterway. am discussing, the Senator from Iowa [Mr. DICKINSON] sent 1656 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 31 a telegram to the Democratic nominee under date of July 31 States to· mention particularly the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence in which he said: waterway because, as I said, from the beginning of our In your radio address last night while reading what you in­ Government we have bad treaty after treaty recognizing formed your national audience to be the Democratic platform you that system of water as a waterway of the United States made use of the phrase "including the St. Lawrence-Great Lakes in common with Great Britain. There was no necessity deep waterways "- whatever for mentioning it. The President mentioned it That is the only present contention I have been making­ very probably because, as a legislator in the Legislature in in what you called the Democratic unemployment plank. the State of New York many years ago, be bad taken an in­ I am constrained to believe that in so doing you have, know­ terest in that waterway, and because President Wilson initi­ ingly or otherwise, committed an amazing deceit upon the Ameri­ ated steps for the purpose of making it economically can people. It is unfortunate that you should begin your campaign for the Presidency so inauspiciously. available to us to the highest capacity. It was recognized then; it was recognized again under President Harding; it In other words, the Senator from Iowa was indicating at was recognized under President Coolidge; and it was recog­ that time that there was an amazing difference of opinion nized under President Hoover as one of our waterways. In respecting what the Democratic national platform had to fact, it bas ·been recognized as one of the waterways of the say upon this proposition. The only thing I am submitting United states upon which to transport commerce just as to the Senate, the only thing which was involved in my con­ long as the Mississippi River has been so recognized. troversy with my able friend from Illinois on yesterday It seems to me that this effort to show that there was not afternoon, was that Governor Roosevelt did say in his speech some specific mention in the platform of one waterway is of July 30 that the Democratic commitment was to "flood entirely beside the question and is an attempted argument control and waterways, including the St. Lawrence-Great that has no weight. Lakes deep waterway.'' [Mr. LA FOLLETTE resumed and concluded the speech begun The whole controversy is of no serious moment, because by him on yesterday. His speech entire is as follows: J the present attitude of the President .of the United States • Tuesday, January 30, 1934 makes it utterly clear what has been and is in his mind in respect to this great undertaking, as further evidenced by Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, I had intended to the fact that in bis message submitting the St. Lawrence address the Senate on the subject of the Great Lakes-St. Treaty he said: Lawrence Treaty this morning when it met, but, in view of the fact that the Senator from Louisiana [Mr. LONG] rose I request the consideration o! ratification by the Senate of the so-called "St. Lawrence Treaty with Canada." Broad national to a question of personal privilege, of course, it was necessary reasons lead me, without hesitation, to advocate the treaty. for me to yield to him. Mr. President, the completion of the Great Lakes-St. Mr. LEWIS. I will conclude, with the usual generosity of Lawrence project, provided by the treaty, will permanently the Senator from Wisconsin, by commenting on the fact benefit the producers and consumers of every section of the that the Senator from Michigan says bis observation upon United States. It will inevitably stimulate and increase our the subject is of no moment. I deny that anything the domestic commerce in the home market, comprising 80 per­ Senator from Michigan should say is of no moment, but I cent of all our water-borne tonnage. It will thus directly call attention that the particular thing in the moment is contribute to the shipping and trade of every existing Amer­ that in the whole moment occupied no word of the treaty ican seaport on the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts. between this country and Canada was mentioned by the I propose, therefore, to discuss the pending treaty in President. terms of its effect not upon any single State or section but Mr. PITTMAN. Mr. President, if the Senator from Wis­ upon the United States as a whole. consin will yield further-- President Roosevelt has expressed the correct principle Mr. LA FOLLE'ITE. I yield to the Senator from Nevada. upon which this and every other project should be tested Mr. PITTMAN. I dislike to take any more time on the in a message which bas inspired confidence and support question of the platform, but I wish to say that no mention among the people, not only in the Great Lakes region but was made in the platform of the Mississippi River as a part throughout the Union. of our inland waterway project, nor of the Missouri River, In his message the President said: nor of the Ohio River, and yet I doubt if any Senator or any Broad national reasons lead me, without hesitation, to advocate citizen of the United States who bas ever studied the ques­ the treaty. There are two main considerations, navigation and tion doubts that when we refer to the development of water­ power. ways we have in mind those rivers. The President completely disposes of the misrepresenta­ It is general knowledge without mentioning it specifically. tions and false arguments which have been advanced in the It is equally general knowledge that from the beginning of discussion of this project. He appeals from fear to a confi­ our Government-yes; even before the existence of our Gov­ dence based on authenticated facts. He subordinates local ernment-the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River were sectional greed to the general welfare · and the interest of recognized as a part of the water tra~sportation of the terri­ the whole Nation. tory at that time embraced within the British possessions The President continues in his message: and colonies and now under the sovereignty of the United I am sending you herewith a summary of data prepared at my States. request by governmental agencies. This summary, in its relation to the economic aspects of the seaway, shows from the broad na­ Following it down from that time until the present time tional point of view, first, that commerce and transportation will the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River have been be greatly benefited and, secondly, local fears of economic harm recognized as one of the water transportation systems of the to special localities or to special interests are grossly exaggerated. It is, I believe, a historic fact that every great improvement direct­ United States. Part of these Lakes are our exclusive prop­ ed to better commercial communications, whether in the case of erty. Other parts of the Lakes are held in common, we railroads into new territory, or the deepening of great rivers, or the might say, between Canada and the United States. Part building of canals, or even the cutting of the Isthmus of Panama, of the St. Lawrence River is a boundary and sovereignty is have all been subjected to opposition on the part of local inter­ ests which conjure up imaginary fears and fail to realize that divided and held in common. But even as to that part of improved transportation results in increased commerce benefiting the river exclusively within the sovereignty of Great Britain directly or indirectly all sections. and Canada, since the very beginning of our Government For example, I am convinced that the building or the St. Lawrence seaway will not injure the railroads or throw their all treaties have recognized that the whole system is an employees out of work; that it will not in any way interfere with essential waterway to both countries and it has been made the proper use of the Mississippi River or the Missouri River for free to both of them from the beginning. navigation. It was not necessary in the platform to mention any one The President continues: of the particular waterways. The platform did not do it. I am satisfied that the treaty contains adequate provision for It was not even essential for the President of the United the needs of the Chicago drainage district and for navigation 1934 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1657 between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River. A special report utility and railroad lobbyists in preference to official figures from the Chief of Engineers of the War Department covers this from such agencies as the Corps of Engineers and the Fed­ subject. eral Power Commission, authenticated by the President of Concluding his message, the President states: the United States. I have not stressed the fact that the starting of this great work At the last session of the Senate, the Senator from Louisi­ wm put thousands of unemployed to work. I have preferred to ant [Mr. LONG] and the Senator from New York [Mr. COPE­ stress the great future advantages to our country and especially the fact that all of us should view this treaty in the light of the LAND] led the filibuster which prevented consideration of the benefits which it confers on the people of the United States as treaty. They insisted over and over again that no adequate a whole. economic study had been made to determine the effect of Every conclusion the President states in his message is the project upon our domestic commerce. buttressed by official data in the summary which accom­ The President has submitted the results of an exhaustive panies it. It is a document that does credit to the adminis­ investigation for discussion by the Senate, and it can no tration and brings immeasurably nearer to realization the longer be maintained that further study of this project is · greatest economic and engineering project undertaken on needed. this continent since the construction of the . OFFICIAL DATA NOW AVAILABLE When the existing obstacles to navigation on the connect­ The President sent his message urging the ratification of ing rivers and channels from the Great Lakes to the sea are the treaty and submitted the. official estimates of the Corps removed under the terms of the pending treaty and when of Engineers of the War Department covering every item of ocean-going vessels dock at the harbors of 30 American the cost of both the power and navigation projects covered cities on the Great Lakes, with 80 percent of their cargoes by the treaty. The President called upon the highest en­ originating at the ports of the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific gineering authority available under the Government to coasts, the resulting benefits to the whole Nation will be due obtain these estimates. He adopted them and sent them to in large part to the decisive action of President Roosevelt. the Senate for consideration in connection with the treaty. The treaty before us was signed at Washington on July 18, Not one Senator opposed to the treaty has pointed to an 1932, nearly 18 months ago. The Committee on Foreign error in the estimates. Not one figure submitted by the Relations conducted an exhaustive investigation which con­ President in his summary of the official report has been chal­ tinued from November 1932 until February 1933. lenged. The whole effort, in fact, has been to disregard these Every phase of the project was carefully considered. estimates, official in character, as though they had never Representatives of public utilities, railroads, and other in­ been made; to drag in other figures and estimates made terested parties were heard. The economic advantages to years before the project was agreed upon and the treaty was the whole Nation and the feasibility of the engineering plans signed, drawn from unofficial and private sources. The evi­ embodied in the treaty were thoroughly established by the dent purpose of this effort is to avoid the real issue of cost testimony of scores of disinterest~d witnesses. presented by the President of the United States and to Sixty-nine witnesses were heard orally, and written state­ confuse Senators who approach the question with an open ments and briefs were filed by numerous individuals and mind. organizations, a great majority of the whole number being Senators continue to quote the estimates of Col. Hugh favorable to the immediate completion of the project. No Cooper made 14 years ago for a plan of development of the adverse witness was denied a hearing. No line of inquiry St. Lawrence River which had absolutely nothing to do with was proposed by any member of the Senate or of the the project provided by the pending treaty. Colonel Cooper committee which was not pursued to a conclusion. At the himself, in a telegram to the Senator from Michigan [Mr. end of the hearing, upon the motion of the late Senator VANDENBERG] specifically repudiated the use of his estimates Thomas J. Walsh, of Montana, the treaty was favorably as applied to the project under consideration in this debate. reported to the Senate by a vote of 9 to 2, with an accom­ Yet, in order to confuse the minds of Senators, the oppo­ panying report from the Senator from Idaho [Mr. BORAH], nents of this treaty persist, in the teeth of Colonel Cooper's the chairman of the committee. repudiation, to use those figures. The opponents of the treaty ask us to consider the figures VICIOUS PROPAGANDA AGAINST THE TREATY in a book published 5 or 6 years ago by Dr. Moulton, an From the time this treaty was under negotiation, when it economist without shipping, engineering, or power experi­ became evident that the United States and Canada might ence of any kind. The figures used in that book have abso­ reach an equitable agreement after years of study and co­ lutely nothing to do with the project specifically provided operation, the project became the subject of an attack which by this treaty. has continued unabated for the last 2 years. So far as the development of St. Lawrence power is con­ A vicious propaganda directed by special interests has cerned, Dr. Moulton frankly states in his book that he has been circulated against the treaty from the day it was sub­ relied upon figures furnished him by Sanderson & Porter, mitted to the Senate. Estimates of costs and maintenance an engineering firm which for years has been one of the have been padded. Statistics have been twisted and dis­ chief consultants under retainer by the private power and torted. The simplest facts of geography pertaining to this public-utility companies of the East. project have been falsified in order to obstruct the comple­ Dr. Moulton's book was written and published years be­ tion of the project and to intimidate the President and the fore the pending treaty was drawn up and signed at Wash­ Senate from carrying out the pledge for ratification of the ington by representatives of Canada and the United States. treaty made by the candidates of both major political parties Yet Senators are asked to consider figures that have their in the last campaign. origin in such sources and to disregard official estimates of I have examined the pamphlets most widely circulated in the Corps of Engineers, an official agency which has served this campaign of propaganda and find that they contain this Government in war and peace and served it faithfully scores of direct misstatements of fact, every one of them since the establishment of the United States Military Acad­ contradicted by the public record. Upon that false founda­ emy at West Point in 1802. tion were built up the "local fears of economic harm to I wish Senators to refer to page 424 of the current issue special localities or to special interests" to which the Presi­ of the Congressional Directory, which gives the official duties dent refers in his message as "grossly exaggerated." of the various agencies of the Federal Government. I Until the President sent h:s message to the Senate, with quote: accompanying data from the agencies of government con­ The Chief of Engineers is charged under the direction of the cerned with this project, we were asked to accept propaganda War Department with control in technical matters over all the as fact. · Corps of Engineers. The duties of the Corps of Engineers com­ This vast accumulation of misinformation and untruth has prise reconnoitering and surveying for military purposes; the preparation, reproduction, and distribution of military maps of now been thrown into the rubbish heap. The time has gone the United States and its possessions, and in field operations of by when the Senate of the United States can be asked to maps of the theater of operations; selection and acquisition of accept padded cost estimates and briefs prepared by public sites and preparation ot plans and estimates for military de- 1658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 31 fenses; construction and repair of fortifications and their ac­ cessories, including submarine mine systems; planning and super­ West Point, N.Y., in 1917, he was on duty as district engineer Vising defensive or offensive works of troops in the field; military at Memphis, Tenn. demolitions; military mining; and the construction, operation, His duty during the war as colonel of Engineers, National and maintenance of all railways, utilities, ferries, canal boats, or Army •. from August 5, 1917, was at Camp Dix, N.J., where he other means of inland water transportation. Civil duties committed to the Chief of Engineers, under the orgaruzed and commanded the Three hundred and third direction of the Secretary of War, are principally as follows: The Engineers. He took this regiment to France and remained execution of work ordered by Congress for the improvement of in command of it until relieved for assignment to General rivers and harbors and other navigable waters of the United Headquarters, A.E.F., as deputy director of light railways States; and investigation and supervision, in cooperation with the Federal Power Commission of power projects affecting navi­ and roads. He was afterward transferred to Coblenz Ger­ gable waters of the United States. many, as chief engineer, Army of Occupation, and he re­ The Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors is a permanent turned to the United States and went at once to Detroit body created by the River and Harbor Act of June 13, 1902. To it in are referred for consideration and recommendation all reports Mich., where early the summer of 1919 he had beer{ upon examinations and surveys provided for by Congress and all assigned as district engineer. projects or changes in projects for works of river and harbor im­ Since October 1929 he has been division engineer of the provements upon which report is desired by the Chief of Engi­ Great Lakes division with office at Cleveland, Ohio, having neers United States Army. In its investigations the Board gives consideration to all engineering, commercial, navigation, and supervision over the Buffalo, Detroit, second Chicago, Mil­ economic questions involved in determining the advisability of waukee, Duluth, and Lake Survey Districts. During this undertaking such improvements at the expense of the United period the following work on channels and harbors was States. commenced or provided for: Duluth-Superior Harbor, chan­ CORPS OF ENGINEERS RESPONSffiLE FOR RIVER AND HARBOR WORK nels in St. Marys River above and below the Soc Locks, the Mr. President, no river or harbor project has been under­ St. Lawrence between its head and Ogdensburg, Livingstone taken in this country in more than 30 years except on the Channel in Detroit River, the lower Saginaw River, channel basis of estimates made by the Board of Engineers for Rivers across Lake St. Clair, Toledo Harbor, Cleveland Harbor, and Harbors under the direction of the Chief of Engineers. Indiana Harbor, and Conneaut Harbor. If the estimates made by the Corps of Engineers are to At the same time, as a member of the Board of Engineers be disregarded when we come to deal with the Great Lakes for Rivers and Harbors since early in 1932, he has taken an and the St. Lawrence River, then the estimates from the active part in reviewing the major proposed improvements same source should be disregarded when we come to deal of rivers and harbors for navigation and flood control over with the improvement of New York harbor, the other ports the entire country. on the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts, and the improve­ Since the war his assignments have been: District en­ ment of the Mississippi River system, and appropriations gineer, Detroit, Mich., July 15, 1919; district engineer, Lake for improvement upon other rivers in the country. Survey, July 12, 1921; commanding officer, Fort Humphreys, We cannot disregard such estimates and resort ;to the Va., June 4, 1925; and division engineer. Great Lakes divi­ twisted and partial figures of railroad and utility propa­ sion, Cleveland, Ohio, October 26, 1929. ganda, without checking the development of this country He was promoted to colonel, Corps of Engineers, May 11, and introducing chaos into the plans for improving the 1921. Important boards of which he has been a member navigable waters of the United States. are: Does any Senator here contend that the officers of the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors. United States Army, who are at present at the head of St. Lawrence Waterway. the Corps of Engineers, have failed to bring to the consid­ Waterway from Chicago to the Mississippi River, Calumet eration of this project devotion to national interests. im­ River, Little Calumet River. Lake Calumet, and the Sag partial minds, and familiarity with the subject? Channel, Ill., July 29, 1930. The present Chief of Engineers of the United States Army The Joint Board of Engineers on St. Lawrence River is Maj. Gen. Edward Murphy Markham, appointed by Presi­ Waterway. Appointed June 6, 1932. dent Roosevelt October 17, 1933. General Markham has had International Board of Control to govern the mainte­ more experience ·in dealing with navigation, questions of nance and operation of the power-development works diversion and control, and development of power on the already built and authorized to be built in St. Marys River Great Lakes and their connecting rivers and channels than between Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and Sault Ste. Marie, all the Members of the Senate combined. Ontario. A complete statement of the record of General Markham Board appointed to make preliminary examination of the is as· follows: Miami and Erie Canal, Ohio, including a branch canal con­ General Markham was born in Troy, N.Y., July 6, 1877. necting the Miami and ~rie Canal with Lake Michigan, with He was appointed a cadet to the Military Academy from a view to securing a channel. New York in June 1895, graduated fifth in a class of 72 in Board appointed to consider and report upon plans for February 1899, and was immediately appointed additional the construction of a county highway bridge across the Ohio second lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers, United States River at McKees Rocks, Allegheny County, Pa. Army. Board for the purpose of making a survey of Calumet His first duty as an engineer officer was as an assistant at River, Little Calumet River, Lake Calumet, and the Sag St. Augustine, Fla. Channel, ID., with a view to providing a connection with, He became second lieutenant, Corps of Engineers, Sep­ and terminal transfer harbors for, the waterway from Chi­ tember 29, 1899; was ordered to duty at the engineer school cago to the Mississippi River, authorized by the River and at Willets Point, N.Y.; and was appointed first lieutenant, Harbor Act approved July 3, 1930. Corps of Engineers, February 2, 1901, later being assigned to Educational Advisory Board. duty with Second Battalion of Engineers during the period Board of Surveys and Maps. at Willets Point and in the Philippine Islands. Returning General Pillsbury's record is as follows: to the United States, he was assigned as adjutant at Wash­ Pillsbury, George Biglow, Army engineer; born Lowell, ington Barracks, D.C., and as assistant to Captain Sewell, Mass., December 19, 1876; student Massachusetts Institute Corps of Engineers, in charge of the reconstruction of Wash­ of Technology, 1894-96; graduate, United States Military ington Barracks, D.C. He later commanded Company H, Academy, 1900; commissioned second lieutenant, Engineer Second Battalion of Engineers, at Washington Barracks and Corps, United States, June 13, 1900, and advanced through in Cuba. He was promoted to captain October 15, 1905. and, grades to lieutenant colonel, February 6, 1920; engineer, returning from Cuba, was assigned to duty in Washington, Alaska Railroad Commission, 1904-8; associate professor D.C., in August 1907, and remained in this city as assistant mathematics, United States Military Academy, 1908-12; engineer commissioner until August 1912. His promotion to district engineer, New London, Conn., district, 1912-16; Los major came February 27, 1912, and from the summer of 1912 Angeles, Calif., district, 1916-17; commander, One hundred until ordered to duty at the United States Military Academy, and :fifteenth Engineers, 1917-18; One hundrnd and second 1934 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1659 Engineers, 1918; Corps Engineers, Second Corps, American tion to the fact that even with the limited export water­ Expedit.ionary Forces, 1918-19; member, Joint Board of Engi­ borne traffic, which is possible today from the city of Detroit neers, s t. Lawrence waterway, 1923-26; District engineer, through the 14-foot channel, last year 54 cargo ships cleared Philadelphia district, 1928-30; assistant to Chief of Engi­ from Detroit for foreign ports carrying meat products, corn neers, United States, with rank of brigadier general for sirup, corn meal, and soda products in England; coal-tar period of 4 years from June 27, 1930; awarded D.S.M.