BOOK REVIEWS

Governor Philip F La Follette, the Wisconsin Pro­ ported FDR's 1937 court-packing plan, a controversial propos­ gressives, and the New Deal. By John E. Miller. al that alienated most of the Republican progrcssiv es who had (Columbia and London, University of Missouri Press. not alreadv' broken with the New Deal Hence, Philip's deci­ 1982. 229 p. $21.00.) sion, announced in early 1938, to initiate the organization of a national third party came as something of a surprise. THIS FINE BOOK focuses on the years of Philip La Follettes It also came as a shock. One disquieting factor was the career as a political leader and reformer, a time span extending prospect that NPA would siphon off support that otherwise from 1930 to 1939. Philip, the elder Roberi M. La Follette's would go to FDR (should he choose to run again) and thereby "second son," won his first election to the governorship in 19.30 contribute to Republican success in 1940. The svinbolism and running as a Republican. In 1932 he failed to win renomination pageantry accompanving announcement of the new partv' vv as in the Republican primary, a defeat terminating his affiliation even more disturbing. The organizational rally held in Madison with the Grand Old Party. Two years later Philip and his on April 28, 19:38, mav' explain why. As .Miller described it: brother. Senator Robert M. La Follette, Jr., assumed lead­ "Before the meeting began, a color guard and a drum-and-bugle ership of a new Wisconsin Progressive party, a role accepted corps circled the hall several times. A military band blared by Robert with considerable reluctance and bv Philip with away with patriotic songs. University athletes garbed in more enthusiasm. bright-red letter sweaters ushered people to their seats, while The new party got off to a promising start in 19.'34, electing national guardsmen helped direct traffic outside. Every corner Philip to the governorship and re-electing Robert to the Sen­ of the pavilion was festooned with American flags, and behind ate. Two vears later Philip won another term in the governor s the podium hung a huge blue banner which vvas deco­ chair: the Progressives gained full control of the state legisla­ rated with the cross-in-circle symbol. " ture, captured most of Wisconsins congressional seats, and It is not surprising that many left-of-center reformers per­ elected their entire state ticket. ceived a startling parallel between the NPA event and the Progressive ascendency in Wisconsin turned out to be Nazi-Fascist rallies of the 1930s; some of them characterized brief however: in 1938 the new party suffered humiliating the cross-in-circle symbol as a "circumcised swastika." In addi­ defeat. An effort Philip launched in April to expand the state tion. La Follette's rhetoric appeared to indicate that he vvas organization into a national third party (The National Progres­ moving awav' from championship of the oppressed to a politics sives of America) evoked more negative than positive re­ of consensus based on emotional patriotism. He also seemed to sponses from liberals and reformers, and in the fall he lost his assign higher priority to the encouragement of "productivitv " bid for re-election. So did most other Progressive party candi­ than to the promotion of equalitv', a standpoint that mav' have dates. Subsequent elections confirmed that the rout of 1938 anticipated John F. Kennedy liberalism, but one calculated to was not a temporary setback, but a harbinger of permanent please conservative critics of the New Deal in the 19,30s. decline. Although Miller does not dismiss these reactions as sheer Several factors contributed to this dramatic downturn in fantasies, he insists that La Follette was neither a potential Progressive fortunes. For one thing, the political climate was Fascist nor a horn-again conservative. La Follette, Miller more conservative than it had been earlier. For another, the argues, had consistentb respected the motivating power of Wisconsin third party was severely factionalized, with moder­ emotion-stirring symbols, and now he wanted to place this ates pitted against radicals, farmers against wage earners and, power at the service of goals very different from those being increasingly, supporters of an ""anti-Fascist"" foreign policy pursued by Nazism. The stress on productivitv', according to against hard-core "isolationists." Furthermore, the working re­ ,Miller, was not a recentiv discovered value, but one that had lationship between President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the been gestating in La Follette's thought processes for some La Follettes, while not completely shattered (Robert sup­ time. The same was true with respect to his emphasis on ported FDR's re-election in 1940), was severely impaired. national unity. Notwithstanding his frequent campaign assaults Mifler's analysis of the deterioration of the La Follette- on the "vested interests" and privilege hunters," Philip Roosevelt alliance is of particular interest. Of and by itself the La Follette had at times demonstrated a preference for con­ cooling of this relationship was not surprising; many of the old sensus over confrontation. When the question of a name for the Republican progressives became harsh critics of the New Deal. new third party was being debated in 19:34, he argued against The La Follettes, however, appeared to be transitional figures the Farmer-Labor label, a name carrving implications of a whose stance on public policy issues seemed to bridge the gap permanent class struggle. separating old progressive values from New Deal liberalism. The 1938 defeat effectively terminated Philip La Follette's Significandy, too, both Philip and Robert enthusiastically sup­ career as an elected politician. In 1940-41 he actively partici-

Summer 1983 263 pated in the crusade against .\nicrican involvement in World rized, the Supplement exemplifies the compiler's and bibliog­ War II spearheaded by the America First Committee, rapher's arts. although he avoided formal affiliation with that organization. Even so, it is open to critical sniping. Its categories, for After Pearl Harbor he entered military serv ice, winding up on example, could be declared arbitrary, its listings probably omit the staff ot General Douglas MacArthur, an appointment "that some eligible publications; its annotations may not please the transformed his life. Like many who served under .MacAr­ ardent bibliophile, antiquarian, or "buff." (The list of possible thur, La Follette developed a fierce lov altv' to his chief the complaints could go on and on.) more he venerated the general, the more obsessive his hatred Such fish-in-a-barrel shooting, however, completely misses for Roosevelt and the New Deal became. the point. Reference guides intend to provide access. The list­ The relationship between the tvvo La Follette brothers also ings must be as comprehensive as possible, sorted into cohe­ cooled. Robert and Franklin Roosevelt were on less intimate rent subcategories, and judiciousb' annotated. The work must terms than earlier, but the senator continued to co-operate be accurately, completely, and logically indexed by author, with the president on occasion, although he remained critical title, subject, and probably by geographical reference. And of administration foreign policy. However, Robert spurned finally, the entire manuscript, one comprised of thousands of suggestions that he affiliate with the Democratic party. At the names and voluminous indexes, must be proofread several expiration of his term in 1946, he filed in the GOP primary but times to ensure accurate presentation. suffered defeat at the hands of Joseph R. McCarthv, who short- If this is not labor-intensive activ ity prone to errors, over­ Iv' would achiev c fame as the nation's chief Red hunter. sights, and misjudgments, nothing is. To have the process end By the close of World War 11, Philip undeniably had be­ with a work of the quality and content of this Supplement is come a right-winger, alienated from his old friends and sup­ trulv praiseworthy. Historians, researchers, and anyone who porters, while close personal rapport with leaders of the right seeks access to Minnesota history will use this book easily and eluded him. In the last two decades of his life — he died in successfully. It is, to employ an often misused phrase, a con­ 1965 — he remained a lonely outsider plagued with a drinking tribution to scholarship. problem, Vleanwhile the bulk of his old following moved into a Only one query should be registered: after this and subse­ revitalized Wisconsin Democratic party, which by 1965 could quent Supplements extend the reference shelf, will they all be with some justification claim the La Follette legaev. combined into a single volume, with a unified index? One This is an excellent book, eminently readable, thoroughh' hopes so. That work could only be excellent because its prede­ researched and well-balanced from an intcrpretiv c standpoint. cessors will have set such a high standard. It should appeal not only to specialists in New Deal historiogra­ phy, but also to general readers with an interest in the political Reviewed by L.\RBY RI£MELE, historian for the State Historical history of the Upper Midwest. Society of Norih Dakota, and editor of that society's quarterly. North Dakota Historv. Reviewed by CARL H. CHBisLot:K, professor of history at Augs­ burg College and author of The Progressive Era in Minneso­ ta, 1899-1918 (L9ri), Lumberjacks and Legislators: Political Economy of the U.S. Lumber Industry, 1890-1941. By Wil­ liam G. Robbins. (College Station, Texas .•KfcM University Press, 1982. xiv, A Supplement to Reference Guide to Minnesota 268 p. $22.,50.) History, 1970-80. Compiled by Michael Brook and Sarah P Rubinstein. LUMBERJACKS and Legislators is a book about neither. It is a (St. Paul, Vlinnesota Historical Society Press, 1983. 68 p, study in the political cconomv' of lumbering as seen through .$6.95.) the eyes of foresters, businessmen, and public administrators. Despite its title, the volume is a solidly researched, well- REFERENCE GUIDES are easy targets. Works of such written, and dispassionate account of the lumber industry and idiosyncratic form and purpose lumber into a rev icwer's sights, its attempts to stabilize the devastating effects of competition. ready to be downed by a barrage of commonplace criticisms, A It is a behind-the-scenes story, the more fascinating because of Supplement to Reference Guide to Minnesota Hi.story, 1970-80 its real characters — such as David T. Mason and William B. seems preciseb' that sort of massiv c bibliographical bull's-eye. Greeley — and not the stock-in-trade lumber barons and con­ However, reviewers should beware; this book deserves no servation crusaders. cheap shots. The fundamental problem Robbins deals with is well de­ The Supplement collects and organizes over 1,600 titles scribed in his first chapter, "The Great Barbeque and Amer­ concerning Minnesota history that have appeared in print after ican Forestry," where he discusses the 19th-century lumber 1970. The first Reference Guide, compiled by Michael Brook, economy with its cutthroat competition, overproduction, de­ vvas published in 1974, and the present continuation, handled pressed prices, wasted resources, and the elimination of small­ mostly by Sarah P. Rubinstein, extends a laudable project. The er and marginal operators. He notes the "cut-out and get-out" listings report materials published between 1970 and 1980; operations of some loggers but takes time to examine the fully indexed, occasionally annotated, and logically catego­ reasons and relate them to the larger economy. Cutting and

264 Minnesota History getting out did not arise from shortsighted gains but from com­ reading, but it is important reading for anvone attempting to petitive pressures that forced liquidation of standing timber in ""pierce the mantle of nostalgia " that is often wrapped around order to cut the costs of taxes, mills, and capitalization. By the the past. turn of the century, however, the more progressive lumber­ men recognized that industrial co-operation was essential to Reviewed by R, NEW ELL SEARLE. the author o/Saving Queti- protecting the industry from the ravages of competition. These co-Superior, A Land Set ,\part (1977) and numerous ariicles on lumbermen made ""a commitment to order in place of competi­ forestry and resource issues. He serves on the editorial board tion. " of the Journal of Forest History and is employed by Cargill. The lumber economv' is a complicated one, and each of Inc. Bobbins' 11 chapters examines special problems that affected lumbering. Forest taxation, for example, vvas a great expense for lumber operators; tax rates often forced them to cut their timber regardless of the market just to escape the costs. Indus­ Guide to a Microfilm Edition of The Northern try executives and professional foresters such as Gifford Pin- Pacific Land Department Records, 1870-1876. chot agreed that forest taxation was directly related to the issue By William M. Bomash. of conservation. On this and other issues, the fledgling United (St. Paul, Minnesota Historical Society, 1983. 71 p. States Forest Service and industry became firm allies. Bv 1920, $2,00; ,38 roUs, including Guide. .S8.55,00, individual rolls, Robbins concludes, the forest conservation movement had .S25.00.) been vvTested from the leadership of "nature lovers and placed squarely in the hands of trained foresters and businessmen. IT IS DIFFICULT to overestimate the importance of railroads Throughout the 1920s and 1930s the lumber industrv to the development of the trans-Mississippi West, The use of attempted to find stability through trade associations and, the records of railway companies to understand and explain through these, to participate in the legislative and regulator)' their role, however, has been limited. processes of government. It was necessarv' for the industrv' to Railroads were the first modern industrial corporations and strike a balance between securing federal support for and co­ consequently have from their beginnings generated an enor­ operation with private forestry without incurring government mous volume of records. With few exceptions, until recently regulation of private logging. The 1924 Glarke-McNary Act, railroads have retained their own records. Many companies the crowning achievement of this movement, provided for co­ did, and still do, trv' to answer specific requests for historical operative forestry programs among federal and state govern­ information. They have provided copies of photographs, ments and with private landowners, forestry protection, and locomotive drawings, depot plans, and timetables. Scholars expanded national forest purchases. It did not, however, in­ writing a history of the railroad or perhaps a biography of an clude regulatory measures. As Robbins points out, the act ""sig­ important official might use the records. Railroads are not, naled industrial hegemony over the legislative and regulatorv' however, primarilv' dev oted to providing reference service on process. " The New Deal attempted to institutionalize the their records or to encouraging wide public use of them. volunteer and trade associations in the NRA codes. These Further, the bulk of the material tends to inhibit research. faded, eventually, because the competitive forces within the In the late 1960s the Minnesota Historical Society began industry proved much stronger than voluntary adherence to or acquiring Northern Pacific Railwav' Companv' records of histor­ enforcement of the codes. ical value, now totaling over 10,000 linear feet. The societv' is Robbins' research draws liberally upon the papers of lead­ among a very few institutions in the country with the talent and ing industrial, academic, and government foresters, and resources to manage successfully collections of records the size through judicious quotations the reader becomes acquainted of NP and its sister railroad, the Great Northern. Pursuing an with David Mason, Wilson Compton, William Greelev', and institutional commitment to make historical resources widelv Raphael Zon. Given the context of an unstable industry under­ available, the division of archives and manuscripts at MHS has going the upheaval of a world war, a boom, and depression, the undertaken to promote and facilitate the use of these records in men who emerge from these pages appear as individuals of several ways, including microfilming selected portions. The 38 depth, sophistication, and vision. Their industry failed to attain rolls in the microfilm edition of the Northern Pacific Land stabifity, but the blame cannot be laid at the feet of these men. Department Records, 1870-1876 is the largest to date in a The difficulties stemmed from an intractable contradiction series of such projects. within the political economy: the smaller lumbermen adhered The Northern Pacific was chartered in 1864 to build a trans­ to the principle of competition as the engine of growth and continental railroad along a northern route from Lake Superior profits while the larger operators pursued co-operation as the to Puget Sound. In order to finance the construction and earlv means of protecting their share of the market. Neither vvas operation, the companv' vvas granted sections of public land fully able to dominate the other, nor could they long agree along its route totaling between 47 and 60 million acres. It vvas upon a common course. the task of the Land Department to locate these parcels of land The sophistication of this study owes an acknowledged in­ and to encourage and supervise their sale. The companv distrib­ tellectual debt to the work of Wflliam Appleman Williams. It is uted promotional material in the East and in Europe, set up a a refreshing and substantial study because it examines the so­ network of representatives in several western European coun­ cial and pohtical context of the industry, the structures and tries, conducted tours of potential sites for agents of coloniza­ values of institutions, rather than the personal motives of par­ tion companies, and established immigrant houses to ease the ticular individuals. Lumberjacks and Legislators is not fight wav for newcomers.

Summer 1983 265 The microfilm contains correspondence, minutes of the Stipanovich then moves on to describe the growth of saw- Land Committee, and printed material. The latter includes milling and flour milling along the river, providing a concise informational and promotional pamphlets and circulars issued overview of these industries and the personalities that con­ by the Northern Pacific, colonization societies, land com­ trolled them. He recounts the demise of milling and the emer­ panies, and the state of Minnesota; Congressional acts and gence of new, more diversified manufacturers, and retefls the tale reports; and United States General Land Office circulars and of Franklin Steele, the Washburns, the Pillsburvs, the Cros­ forms. The records begin in 1870 when arrangements were bys, William H. Dunwoody, and William de la Barre. In his made with the banking house of Jay Cooke & Co. to finance the discussion of the transportation issue that pitted the grain mer­ enterprise. Thev' end in 1876 after the collapse of Cooke & Co. chants who established the Chamber of Commerce against the led to the bankruptcy and reorganization of the railroad. millers who eventually constructed the "Soo Line, Stipano­ This set of film ought to be acquired by the major libraries vich does not make clear what problem the new railroad and historical societies in the states traversed by the Northern solved. He simply states that it freed the millers from the Pacific, as well as by institutions throughout the country whose control of the Chicago railroads, but to understand the signifi­ collections focus on business and economic history, immigra­ cance of the Soo Line the reader needs additional information tion and ethnicity, or Western historv. and an interpretation of the national economv' during the last Those with more modest budgets and research needs quarter of the 19th century. By the same token, the author"s should not be daunted by the size and cost of this microfilm brief account of competition between local grain millers and edition, however. Accompanying the film is a printed guide the agents buying grain for east coast iniOers should be set in a that gives a brief historical note and chronology of the railroad broader context. Finally, Stipanovich should have explained for these years, notes giving major subjects covered by the the marketing efforts of James S. Bell and Dunwoody because records in each roll, and a short select list of authors indicating neither cities nor their basic industries are simply "'accidents of the rolls on which their correspondence appears. In addition. history. " Roll 38 contains extensive notes on the contents made by the While Stipanovich presents all the significant factual in­ editor as he prepared the records for filming. Judicious use of formation on the development of the city's early basic indus­ the printed guide along with this roll should enable those in­ tries, he does not complement it with material on the economic terested in the development of a community, for example, or history of the nation. Nor does he employ any concepts to in a particular ethnic group to identify individual rolls for use organize his work. Thus his book continues the myth that Min­ or purchase. neapohs is unique. While it is the only city at this geographical In its. technical aspects, this film shows the high standards location, it shares development patterns with many others. which we have come to expect from MHS. Take notice of this Cities are centers of human population where materials, peo­ microfilm publication; its research value is great. ple, and ideas are assembled, processed, and redistributed. The size, growth, and wealth of a city depend upon the size Reviewed by ANNE P. DIFFENDAL, manuscripts curator of the and resources of its hinterland and its connections to other Nebraska State Historical Society. cities. The establishment of a continental railroad system, for ex­ ample, allowed Vlinneapolis millers not only to aggregate hun­ dreds of thousands of bushels of grain at their mills, but also to ship processed flour to urban markets in the northeastern United States and eventually overseas. The Falls of St. Anthony City of Lakes: An Illustrated History of Minneapolis. may have been the special landscape element that prompted By Joseph Stipanovich. Minneapolis to form, but it was the subsequent water-power (Woodland Hills, Cahf, Windsor Publications, 1982. ,'385 p, industry and railroad system that enabled the local economy to $27.95.) grow and the city to expand. The lack of a map detailing the city's railroad and water connections is a serious omission. ANYONE with a love for Minneapolis should buy this book The success of the city's entrepreneurs depended upon immediately. Those who are not particularly attached to the capital invested by people in other parts of the world. Vlin- city might be advised to borrow one from a friend's coffee table neapolitans' public relations efforts, like the development of and relish the excellent reproductions of early paintings, litho­ the aggressive advertising program of the flour millers, were graphs, and photographs depicting scenes in the city. significant elements in the image-building process that even­ Although the book promises to provide us with a "fresh look tually drew investments and settlers to the city. Yet unless at Minneapolis' remarkable history, " it presents the usual view historians make that point clear, the efforts of the city's early of the past. Chapter one is a race through three centuries of boosters appear silly, self-congratulatory, and without con­ local events presented in chronological order. This conveys the sequence. generally accepted view of the city's past, replete with discus­ Stipanovich handles the emergence of the city's electronics sions of the braggart priest. Father Hennepin, the 1892 nation­ industry very well with an interesting case study of the Onan al convention of the Republican party. Prohibition, the de­ Corporation, in 1922 a manufacturer of electrical devices used pression, Hubert Humphrey, and urban renewal. The section in automobile maintenance. By World War II, the company concludes, "Minneapolis, through the accidents of history as made half the power plants used by the military and continued well as the energies of its citizens, has been, truly, a fortunate to make them after the war. Stipanovich quite correctly stress­ city." es the importance of human resourcefulness in this era of a

266 Minnesota History diversified economy and shows how the city's people will be Stipanovich's silence on the schools' impact on acculturation the most important element in the future. and community building is somewhat mystifying. The chapter on city politics is equally good. Here Stipano­ The final section of the book, written by Dick Schaaf con­ vich clearly places local politics in a broader construct and sists of a series of corporate biographies. These are the modern avoids a tedious recitation of city elections and neighborhood equivalents of Atwater's biographies of the founding fathers squabbles. He treats the Donnelly-Washburn competition in a and are great fun. There is no effort to illustrate the connec­ clear, lively fashion. His treatment of the Populist movement is tions among the corporations and, of course, no mention of the particularly good because it gives information about what the failures. Nonetheless, they are very useful, and photographs of citv's residents were thinking and discussing during these the garage in which Honeywell operations began is well worth years. the price of the book. Early 20th-century pohtics is also examined in some detail. Special mention must be made of the illustrations in this This is good scandal-filled reading and provides a balance to book. Clearly a great deal of effort was spent in selecting illus­ the previous chapter's image of a city full of bright entre­ trative material, I especially appreciate the fine color repro­ preneurs doing well while doing good. The strikes of 1902 and ductions of several 19th-century paintings. Paging through the 1903, the extralegal activities of the Commission of Public Safe­ book is a delight. In many ways it is like a family photograph ty, the impact of the Nonpartisan League, and the politics of album — a mixture of good and average pictures with enough the depression are all considered here. Stipanovich's descrip­ excellent shots to keep the viewer excited. Unfortunately, tion of the teamster strike of 1934, the city's effort to squelch it, some are reduced to a size to make them iUegible. Perhaps and the eventual indirect intervention of President Roosevelt years studying the development of the physical form of the is presented not as a statement of class wariare as previous Twin Cities has given me a stronger bias than I am wifling to writers have described it, but rather as a step in the emergence recognize, but I do not understand why there are only two of the Minneapolis community. small maps in the entire book or why an excellent reproduction The last chapter spotlights immigration. Stipanovich stress­ of a landsat image of the area warranted no caption, es that the largest group of immigrants — Scandinavians — Stipanovich has risen to the chaUenge of writing a much- looked and generally thought like the pioneers; their assimila­ needed historical survey of the city. His book is clearly written, tion was fast and nearly complete. Newer arrivals probably covers the salient points in the history of the city, and presents have more difficulty assuming positions of wealth and power. It us with some new information. The production of the book is is refreshing to read Stipanovich's optimistic conclusion to this outstanding. The Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce is to be chapter: "Fragile as it sometimes has proven to be, the sense of congratulated for the support of this project on our favorite community in Minneapolis is remarkable in light of the diversi­ place, the Twin Cities, ty in the origins of its inhabitants and the adversities that it has encountered. In meeting these trials as often as not, it should Reviewed by DAVID A. LANEGRAN, professor of geography at be stressed, it has come away a winner. Macalester College and author of several books and articles on But the task of community building is never over. As new the development of the Twin Cities, including Where We Live: immigrants from Asia and Latin America diversify Minneapo­ The Residential Districts of Minneapohs and St. Paul (1983). hs' population, the power structure will have to be steadfast in He also served as a member of a consultant team charged with its commitment to the concept of community. In this task the recommending buildings and places in Minneapolis for importance of the school district cannot be overemphasized, so nomination to the National Register.

•NEWS & NOTES

EASTERN capitahsts and their effect on conservative investor. In both cases he northern reaches of present-day the development of the West is the found that diversified investments led Michigan and Wisconsin. Maps, subject of John Denis Haeger's The the capitalists to assume an organic view historical and contemporary Investment Frontier: New York of the nation's economy. The book does photographs, and reproductions of Businessmen and the Economic an interesting job of discrediting some cartoons, newspapers, and rally posters Development of the Old Northwest old stereotypes of capitalists and enliven this brief interesting tale. (Albany, State University of New York frontierspeople. Press, 1981, 311 p., library binding, IN well-written, straightforward prose, $39.00, paper, $12.95). By studying in IN Superior, a State for the North John Dominik examines one Vlinnesota depth two New York financiers, Haeger County (Marquette, Mich., Pilot Press, industry in Cold Spring Granite: A is able to show that speculation could 1980, 64 p., $4.95), author James L. Histonj (Cold Spring, 1982, 107 p., take many different forms, ranging from Carter traces the attempts, spanning $12,50). He traces the industry from its the western promoter to the 150 years, to carve a state out of the Minnesota beginnings in 1863 through

Summer 1983 267 the vicissitudes of state and national A HANDSOME addition to the PURSUING images of the Indian economy to the Cold Spring company's literature on logging and lumbering is created by white peoples' imaginations, emergence as the largest granite Tom Bacig's and Fred Thompson's Tall author Raymond William Stedman concern in the world. Wov en Timber (Bloomington, Minn., Voyageur ranges through American popular media throughout the book are the stories of Press, 1982, 1.52 p., $18.95). over an impressive time span in people — particularly the Alexander Handsomely printed photographs from Shadows of the Indian: Stereotypes in famib', whose Scottish-born patriarch the collections of several regional and American Culture (Norman, University founded the firm and whose grandsons state historical societies, logging of Oklahoma Press, 1982, 281 p., still head it. One particularly interesting companies, and museums tell the story $24.95). Rather than plumb the depths chapter tells how the companv' met the of cities and towns, logging camps, of one particular stereotype or one challenge of World War II by switching working in the woods, transporting the particular medium such as the movies, to shipbuilding. It vvas remarkable, logs, and, finally, of sawmdls and Stedman wisely chose to isolate a Dominik notes, for "a companv' so fir marketable lumber. The text, which number of images to explore and removed from the sea in location and so precedes each photographic section, analyze in all of their ugly alien to its domain [to have] so takes the reader from "The Dominion of manifestations. It is a list to make the successfully made the transition. " This the Trees: Geological Time " to '"The reader wince, both in recognition and handsomely produced publication also Passing of the Pines: The Lessons of horror: from noble savage to relentless, has eight stunning color photographs Lumbering. " A brief bibliography and bloodthirsty killer, ignorant brute to of various granites. glossary of terms is appended to this lustful lover, monosyOabic sidekick to thoroughly enjoyable volume. purveyor of mystical curing potions or PRAIRIE School Architecture in cigars. And flagrant misrepresentations Minnesota Iowa Wisconsin (St. Paul, continue up to the present day, most NINA Morals Cohen, Amelia Ullman, Minnesota Museum of Art, 1982, 103 notably between the covers of and Fannie Fligelman Brin are among p.) was published to accompany last supermarket romance novels. As stated the women lauded in Jacob R. Marcus year's major exhibition of the same title in the book's preface, too often books at St. Paul's Landmark Center. Rather The American Jewish Woman, 1654-1980 (New York, KTAV like this one are dismissed as interesting than being a comprehensive catalog or but unimportant. This important book is exhaustive history, the publication is a Publishing House, Inc., 1981, 231 p., $35.00). Aside from his annoying habit not only well researched and well collection of six essavs which examine written, but it is also wefl documented the basic principles and forms of Louis of referring to Jewish women as Jewesses, with reproductions of historic paintings, Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright and the author does a long-overdue job of engravings, and other drawings as well the impact their example had on pointing up the very large and very real as the ephemera of modern popular architects working in the Upper contributions of Jewish women to culture. Midwest. The authors include an American as well as Jewish literature, architect, a designer, and several social welfare and philanthropy, THE Center for Great Plains Studies, historians with varying areas of interest; science, and political activity. A truly which will host the eighth annual as a result, the book not only describes wonderful bibliographic essay leads interdisciplinary symposium on March and iUustrates the basic elements of the readers to reference works as well as 15 and 16, 1984, at the University of style in clear and concise terms, but gaps in scholarship. As the author Nebraska at Lincoln, has issued a cafl also examines the historical and built himself would agree, this book is a solid for papers. The conference will focus on environment into which this radical beginning, but much research remains the ways in which European artistic style was introduced. Most important, to be done. traditions have influenced the the versatility of the Prairie School style development and practice of the visual and the many ways in which it became a EXTENSIVE research in archives and arts (including the graphic arts, part of the rich architectural fabric of libraries lifts Edna Hong's The Way of architecture, photography, and crafts) in midwestern towns and cities can be the Sacred Tree (Minneapolis, the American Vliddle West since 1800. seen in the creative interpretations of Augsburg Publishing House, 1983, 204 Proposals (150 to 200 words) for papers followers who had worked with Wright p., $8.95) out of the category of mere and curriculum vitae should be sent by or Sullivan, as well as those who had historical novel. Peopled with October 15, 1983, to Jon Nelson, 205 only seen the architects' work characters like Gideon Pond, Harriet Love Library, University of illustrated in books and magazines. Bishop, Little Crow, and all the familiar Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska While the book does not contribute personnel of the Dakota War, it 68588-0475. new or critical scholarship, it provides sympathetically portrays the members an excellent introduction and visual of an Indian family — particularly one A CALL for papers has been issued by guide to the development of the Prairie young man — their relations with other the Agricultural History Society, the School style in these three northern Dakota, Ojibway, and white people, University of Vlissouri-Columbia, and states. Following the essays is a helpful and the ways in which they chose to the U.S. Soil Conservation Service for a appendix which fists a sampling of meet the threats of white jointly sponsored symposium on the Prairie School building throughout the encroachment. Hong approached history of soil and water conservation. cautiously her desire to write this book, region. Handsomely produced, the The conference will be held May 24-26, fearful of affronting those '"whose book should prove of interest to 1984, at Columbia, Missouri. Send history I could only research and never architectural students and explorers as proposals and outlines to Douglas directly share." The result is a well as local and regional historians. It Helms, Historian, Soil Conservation well-written and very readable volume is hoped that the museum will reissue Service, P.O. Box 2890, Washington, that will educate as it entertains — Prairie School Architecture, currently D.C. 20013. The deadfine is without affronting anyone. out of print. Trudy V Hansen September 10, 1983.

268 Minnesota History Copyright of Minnesota History is the property of the Minnesota Historical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s express written permission. Users may print, download, or email articles, however, for individual use.

To request permission for educational or commercial use, contact us.

www.mnhs.org/mnhistory