Bundestagsdebatte Vom 23. Januar 1958
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The Godesberg Programme and Its Aftermath
Karim Fertikh The Godesberg Programme and its Aftermath A Socio-histoire of an Ideological Transformation in European Social De- mocracies Abstract: The Godesberg programme (1959) is considered a major shift in European social democratic ideology. This article explores its genesis and of- fers a history of both the written text and its subsequent uses. It does so by shedding light on the organizational constraints and the personal strategies of the players involved in the production of the text in the Social Democra- tic Party of Germany. The article considers the partisan milieu and its trans- formations after 1945 and in the aftermaths of 1968 as an important factor accounting for the making of the political myth of Bad Godesberg. To do so, it explores the historicity of the interpretations of the programme from the 1950s to the present day, and highlights the moments at which the meaning of Godesberg as a major shift in socialist history has become consolidated in Europe, focusing on the French Socialist Party. Keywords: Social Democracy, Godesberg Programme, socio-histoire, scienti- fication of politics, history of ideas In a recent TV show, “Baron noir,” the main character launches a rant about the “f***g Bad Godesberg” advocated by the Socialist Party candidate. That the 1950s programme should be mentioned before a primetime audience bears witness to the widespread dissemination of the phrase in French political culture. “Faire son Bad Godesberg” [literally, “doing one’s Bad Godesberg”] has become an idiomatic French phrase. It refers to a fundamental alteration in the core doctrinal values of a politi- cal party (especially social-democratic and socialist ones). -
The Basic Law at 60 - Equality and Difference: a Proposal for the Guest List to the Birthday Party
University of Michigan Law School University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository Articles Faculty Scholarship 2010 The aB sic Law at 60 - Equality and Difference: A Proposal for the Guest List to the Birthday Party Susanne Baer University of Michigan Law School, [email protected] Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/articles/33 Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/articles Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, and the Law and Gender Commons Recommended Citation Baer, Susanne. "The asicB Law at 60 - Equality and Diffeernce: A Proposal for the Guest List to the Birthday Party." German L. J. 11 (2010): 67-87. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Basic Law at 60 - Equality and Difference: A Proposal for the Guest List to the Birthday Party By Susanne Baer A. Introduction This birthday gives rise to many considerations. Some reflect upon achievements - the German constitution, named "Basic Law", has proven to work although many did not believe in it when it was framed. Others emphasize desiderata. Sabine Berghahn commented at the 50th birthday that it has developed "far too slowly and [some] has even gone completely wrong." ' Jutta Limbach, former President of the Federal Constitutional Court, observed that constitutional history was "anything but regal, but very difficult and full of obstacles. -
Eine Sternstunde Des Bundestages: Gustav Heinemanns Rede Am 23. Januar 1958
Otto Dann Eine Sternstunde des Bundestages Gustav Heinemanns Rede am 23. Januar 1958 Gustav Heinemanns Rede am 23. Januar 1958 Reihe Gesprächskreis Eine Sternstunde des Bundestages Geschichte Heft 81 ISSN 0941-6862 ISBN 978-3-89892-931-8 Gesprächskreis Geschichte Heft 81 Otto Dann Eine Sternstunde des Bundestages Gustav Heinemanns Rede am 23. Januar 1958 Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Historisches Forschungszentrum Herausgegeben von Michael Schneider Historisches Forschungszentrum der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Kostenloser Bezug beim Historischen Forschungszentrum der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Godesberger Allee 149, D-53175 Bonn Tel. 0228-883473 E-mail: [email protected] http://library.fes.de/history/pub-history.html © 2008 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Bonn (-Bad Godesberg) Titelfoto: dpa/picture-alliance, Frankfurt/Main Foto: Der Spiegel, Hamburg Umschlag: Pellens Kommunikationsdesign GmbH, Bonn Druck: bub - Bonner Universitäts-Buchdruckerei, Bonn Alle Rechte vorbehalten Printed in Germany 2008 ISBN 978-3-89892-931-8 ISSN 0941-6862 3 Inhalt Die Bundestags-Debatte vom 23. Januar 1958 ........................ .5 Gustav Heinemanns Rede ......................................................... 8 Resonanzen und Reaktionen ................................................... 13 Gustav Heinemann und Thomas Dehler ................................. 20 Der Weg in die SPD................................................................ 28 Gustav Heinemann in der SPD................................................ 33 Die Kampagne „Kampf dem Atomtod!“................................ -
Beyond Social Democracy in West Germany?
BEYOND SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IN WEST GERMANY? William Graf I The theme of transcending, bypassing, revising, reinvigorating or otherwise raising German Social Democracy to a higher level recurs throughout the party's century-and-a-quarter history. Figures such as Luxemburg, Hilferding, Liebknecht-as well as Lassalle, Kautsky and Bernstein-recall prolonged, intensive intra-party debates about the desirable relationship between the party and the capitalist state, the sources of its mass support, and the strategy and tactics best suited to accomplishing socialism. Although the post-1945 SPD has in many ways replicated these controversies surrounding the limits and prospects of Social Democracy, it has not reproduced the Left-Right dimension, the fundamental lines of political discourse that characterised the party before 1933 and indeed, in exile or underground during the Third Reich. The crucial difference between then and now is that during the Second Reich and Weimar Republic, any significant shift to the right on the part of the SPD leader- ship,' such as the parliamentary party's approval of war credits in 1914, its truck under Ebert with the reactionary forces, its periodic lapses into 'parliamentary opportunism' or the right rump's acceptance of Hitler's Enabling Law in 1933, would be countered and challenged at every step by the Left. The success of the USPD, the rise of the Spartacus move- ment, and the consistent increase in the KPD's mass following throughout the Weimar era were all concrete and determined reactions to deficiences or revisions in Social Democratic praxis. Since 1945, however, the dynamics of Social Democracy have changed considerably. -
Bundeskanzler Ludwig Erhard Außenpolitiker Im Weltpolitischen Wandel Vorwort
Helmut Welge Bundeskanzler Ludwig Erhard Außenpolitiker im weltpolitischen Wandel Vorwort Ludwig Erhard, 1897 als Sohn eines Weißwaren-Einzelhändlers in Fürth geboren, fand erst sehr spät in die Politik. Bis zu seinem 48. Lebensjahr hatte er keinerlei politische Interessen. In der Weimarer Republik und während der Nationalsozia- listischen Herrschaft hatte der promovierte Diplomkaufmann bei verschiedenen universitätsnahen Instituten im Raum Nürnberg/Fürth wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Positionen bekleidet und dabei Kontakte zu namhaften wirtschaftsliberalen Ordina- rien deutscher Universitäten wie Wilhelm Röpke, Walter Eucken und Alfred Müller- Armack geknüpft. In mehreren Schriften kritisierte er ausdrücklich die Kommando- wirtschaft des Dritten Reiches und vertrat seine ordoliberalen Anschauungen einer freien Marktwirtschaft – mit denen er bei Fortdauer des Nazi-Reiches sicherlich in Ungnade gefallen wäre. Seine Ausgangsposition bei Ende des II. Weltkrieges war daher denkbar günstig, als die amerikanische Besatzungsmacht für das Land Bayern einen Wirtschaftsminis- ter suchte – und ihn in Erhard fand. Dieses Amt trat er im Oktober 1945 an. Nach Querelen mit den Amerikanern verlor er bereits im Juni 1946 dieses Amt und lehrte kurzzeitig als Honorarprofessor Volkswirtschaft an der Universität München. Über den im Jahre 1947 in der amerikanische und britische Besatzungszone (Bi- Zone) gebildeten Sachverständigenrat für eine Währungsreform, deren Vorsitz Er- hard bekleidete, wurde er zum erfolgreichen Protagonisten der D-Mark-Einführung 1948 und Abschaffung der Zwangsbewirtschaftung, verbunden mit einer Aufhebung aller Preisbindungen für Konsumgüter. Es war daher folgerichtig, dass Bundeskanzler Konrad Adenauer ihn 1949 als Wirtschaftsminister in sein erstes Kabinett berief. Dieses Amt übte Ludwig Erhard, der die soziale Marktwirtschaft zu seinem Credo erhoben hatte, bis zu seiner Wahl als Bundeskanzler im Oktober 1963 ununterbrochen aus. -
Deutscher Bundestag 89
Deutscher Bundestag 89. Sitzung Bonn, den 17. Oktober 1963 Inhalt: Bekanntgabe der Bildung der Bundesregie rung 4185 A Eidesleistung der Bundesminister 4185 D, 4186 Glückwünsche zum Geburtstag des Abg Müller (Erbendorf) 4187 A Nächste Sitzung 4187 A Anlage 4189 - Deutscher Bundestag — 4. Wahlperiode — 89. Sitzung. Bonn, Donnerstag, den 17. Oktober 1963 4185 89. Sitzung Bonn, den 17. Oktober 1963 Stenographischer Bericht Dr. Erich Mende zum Bundesminister für gesamtdeutsche Fragen Beginn: 15.01 Uhr Alois Ni e der alt zum Bundesminister für Angelegenheiten des Bundesrates und der Präsident D. Dr. Gerstenmaier: Die Sitzung Länder ist eröffnet. Meine Damen und Herren, ich rufe auf Punkt 1 Dr. Bruno Heck zum Bundesminister für der Tagesordnung: Familie und Jugend Bekanntgabe der Bildung der Bundesregie- Hans L e n z zum Bundesminister für wissen- rung. schaftliche Forschung Der Herr Bundespräsident hat mir das folgende Dr. Werner Dollinger zum Bundesschatz Schreiben übersandt: minister Gemäß Artikel 64 Absatz 1 des Grundgesetzes Walter Scheel zum Bundesminister für wirt- habe ich auf Vorschlag des Herrn Bundeskanz- schaftliche Zusammenarbeit lers zu Bundesministern ernannt: Dr. Elisabeth Schwarzhaupt zum Bundes- Dr. Gerhard Schröder zum Bundesminister minister für Gesundheitswesen des Auswärtigen Dr. Heinrich KT o n e zum Bundesminister für Hermann Höcherl zum Bundesminister des besondere Aufgaben. Innern Meine Damen und Herren, nach Art. 64 des Dr. Ewald Bucher zum Bundesminister der Grundgesetzes leisten auch die Bundesminister bei Justiz der Amtsübernahme den in Art. 56 des Grundgeset- Dr. Rolf Dahlgrün zum Bundesminister der zes vorgesehenen Eid. Ich rufe daher Punkt 2 der Finanzen Tagesordnung auf: Kurt Schmück er zum Bundesminister für Eidesleistung der Bundesminister. -
Adenauer SPD - PV, Bestand Erich Ollenhauer
Quellen und Literatur A) Quellen: Archiv für Christlich-Demokratische Politik (ACDP) Dörpinghaus, Bruno 1-009 Ehlers, Hermann 1-369 Fricke, Otto 1-248 Gottaut, Hermann 1-351 Gottesleben, Leo 1-359 Hermes, Andreas 1-090 Hilpert, Werner 1-021 Hofmeister, Werner 1-395 Kather, Linus 1-377 Kiesinger, Kurt Georg 1-226 Küster, Otto 1-084 Laforet, Wilhelm 1-122 Lenz, Otto 1-172 Merkatz, Joachim von 1-148 Meyers, Franz 1-032 Strickrodt, Georg 1-085 Wuermeling, Franz-Josef 1-221 CDU-Landesverband Hamburg III-010 CDU-Landesverband Schleswig-Holstein III-006 CDU-Landesverband Westfalen-Lippe III-002 Ring Christlich-Demokratischer Studenten (RCDS) IV-006 Arbeitsgemeinschaft Demokratischer Kreise (ADK) VI-010 CDU-Bundespartei - Bundesvorstand VII-001 - Vorsitzende VII-002 - Wahlen VII-003 - Bundesgeschäftsstelle VII-004 Nouvelles Equipes Internationales (NEI) IX-002 Archiv der sozialen Demokratie (AdsD) Korrespondenz Ollenhauer - Adenauer SPD - PV, Bestand Erich Ollenhauer 665 Quellen und Literatur Archiv des Liberalismus (AdL) A 15 Bundesparteitag 1953 A 1-53 Stiftung Bundeskanzler-Adenauer-Haus (StBKAH) 05.05 06.09 12.12 12.29 12.32 II/4 111/47 Bundesarchiv Koblenz (BA) Bestand Bundeskanzleramt: B 136/1881 NL Friedrich Holzapfel NL Jakob Kaiser Bundestag, Parlamentsarchiv (BT PA) Ges.Dok. I 398 Bundesgesetzblatt, Gesetz- und Verordnungsblätter der Länder, Verhandlungen und Drucksachen des Deutschen Bundestages und dgl. sind nicht eigens aufgeführt. B) Literatur: ABGEORDNETE DES DEUTSCHEN BUNDESTAGES. Aufzeichnungen und Erinnerungen. Hrsg. vom Deutschen Bundestag. 3 Bde. Boppard 1982-1985. Zit.: ABGEORD- NETE. ABS, Hermann J.: Konrad Adenauer und die Wirtschaftspolitik der fünfziger Jahre. In: KONRAD ADENAUER 1 S. 229-245. Zit.: ABS: Konrad Adenauer. -
1 Introduction
Notes 1 Introduction 1. What belongs together will now grow together (JK). 2. The well-known statement from Brandt is often wrongly attributed to the speech he gave one day after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the West Berlin City Hall, Rathaus Schöneberg. This error is understandable since it was added later to the publicized version of the speech with the consent of Brandt himself (Rother, 2001, p. 43). By that time it was already a well known phrase since it featured prominently on a SPD poster with a picture of Brandt in front of the partying masses at the Berlin Wall. The original statement was made by Brandt during a radio interview on 10 November for SFP-Mittagecho where he stated: ‘Jetzt sind wir in einer Situation, in der wieder zusammenwächst, was zusammengehört’ (‘Now we are in a situation in which again will grow together what belongs together’). 3. The Treaty of Prague with Czechoslovakia, signed 11 December 1973, finalized the Eastern Treaties. 4. By doing this, I aim to contribute to both theory formation concerning inter- national politics and foreign policy and add to the historiography of the German question and reunification policy. Not only is it important to com- pare theoretical assumptions against empirical data, by making the theoretical assumptions that guide the historical research explicit, other scholars are enabled to better judge the quality of the research. In the words of King et al. (1994, p. 8): ‘If the method and logic of a researcher’s observations and infer- ences are left implicit, the scholarly community has no way of judging the validity of what was done.’ This does not mean that the historical research itself only serves theory formation. -
Archive of the Anglo-German Foundation
Archive of the Anglo-German Foundation Level: Collection Dates: 1973 – 2011 Description: The collection consists of the publications and working papers of the Anglo-German Foundation (Deutsch-Britische Stiftung), for details of which see below. The largest part are the over 500 publications that were produced from research funded by the Foundation. Administrative documents from some of those projects also exist, particularly for those carried out between 2000 and 2009. The series of papers for committee and board meetings is comprehensive while correspondence files are incomplete but still provide a good idea of the workings and bilateral relationships of the Foundation. In addition to research publications, the collection also includes material published about the Foundation itself, such as annual reports and leaflets, and programmes of the Königswinter Conference which was partly funded by the Foundation. Finally there are folders of press cuttings, photographs and other memorabilia. Access Status: Open Extent: 41 boxes and 550 publications Admin History: When the Anglo-German Foundation ceased operation in December 2004 its papers were transferred to the German Historical Institute London. Arrangement: The collection is arranged in series: AGF 01 – Publications AGF 02 – Executive Committee (1973 – 1988) AGF 03 – Board of Trustees (1973-1988) AGF 04 – Executive Committee and Board of Trustees (1989-2009) AGF 05 – Press cuttings AGF 06 – Correspondence and administrative papers AGF 07 – Annual reports AGF 08 – Media publications AGF 09 – Project files AGF 10 – Photographs and memorabilia AGF 11 – Programmes of Königswinter Conferences Copyright: to be confirmed 1 History of the Anglo-German Foundation The Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society, known in German as die Deutsch- Britische Stiftung für das Studium der Industriegesellschaft, was founded in 1973 by an agreement between the British and German governments on the initiative of the German President at the time, Gustav Heinemann. -
Central Europe
Central Europe West Germany FOREIGN POLICY AND STATUS OF BERLIN OUBJECTS discussed during British Premier Harold Wilson's offi- cial visit to Bonn from March 7 to 9 included the maintenance of the British Rhine Army in Germany, the continuation of German currency aid for the United Kingdom, and a new approach to German reunification. When East German authorities tried to interfere with the meeting of the Bundestag in Berlin on April 7 by disrupting traffic to and from the former capital, the Western Allies protested sharply. In his opening speech Eugen Gerstenmaier, president of the Bundestag, emphasized the right of the Fed- eral parliament to meet in West Berlin and denied that the session was an act of provocation. During the Easter holidays 300,000 West Berliners were permitted to visit relatives in the Eastern zone of the divided city. About a million Berliners crossed the Berlin Wall and spent Christmas with their relatives, after the renewal of an agreement in November. Queen Elizabeth II of England and her consort the Duke of Edinburgh made an official visit to West Germany and West Berlin in May, and were cheered by the population. Attempts by Foreign Minister Gerhard Schroder to bring about an improvement in relations with the United Kingdom during this visit were viewed skeptically by Franz-Josef Strauss, chairman of the Christian Social Union (CSU), representing the pro-French wing of the coalition. French President Charles de Gaulle's talks with Chancellor Ludwig Erhard in Bonn in June were described as "positive," but did not lead to an agree- ment on a conference to discuss the reorganization of the Common Market and other matters pertaining to the European community. -
When Architecture and Politics Meet
Housing a Legislature: When Architecture and Politics Meet Russell L. Cope Introduction By their very nature parliamentary buildings are meant to attract notice; the grander the structure, the stronger the public and national interest and reaction to them. Parliamentary buildings represent tradition, stability and authority; they embody an image, or the commanding presence, of the state. They often evoke ideals of national identity, pride and what Ivor Indyk calls ‘the discourse of power’.1 In notable cases they may also come to incorporate aspects of national memory. Consequently, the destruction of a parliamentary building has an impact going beyond the destruction of most other public buildings. The burning of the Reichstag building in 1933 is an historical instance, with ominous consequences for the German State.2 Splendour and command, even majesty, are clearly projected in the grandest of parliamentary buildings, especially those of the Nineteenth Century in Europe and South America. Just as the Byzantine emperors aimed to awe and even overwhelm the barbarian embassies visiting their courts by the effects of architectural splendour and 1 Indyk, I. ‘The Semiotics of the New Parliament House’, in Parliament House, Canberra: a Building for the Nation, ed. by Haig Beck, pp. 42–47. Sydney, Collins, 1988. 2 Contrary to general belief, the Reichstag building was not destroyed in the 1933 fire. The chamber was destroyed, but other parts of the building were left unaffected and the very large library continued to operate as usual. A lot of manipulated publicity by the Nazis surrounded the event. Full details can be found in Gerhard Hahn’s work cited at footnote 27. -
Abbreviations
ABBREVIATIONS AB Akten der Kirchlichen Bruderschaft im Rheinland, Landeskirchenamt, Düsseldorf ABC atomic, biological, chemical ASD Archiv der sozialen Demokratie, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Bonn BA FDP Bundestag Archiv, Bonn BA-MA Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, Freiburg BHA Bundeshauptausschuss, Politisches Archiv der Friedrich Naumann Stif- tung, Bonn BK Büro Kloppenburg, Evangelisches Zentralarchiv, Berlin BRD Bundesrepublik Deutschland [Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) or West Germany] BV Bundesvorstand, Archiv des DGB-Bundesvorstandes, Düsseldorf BVA Bundesverteidigungsausschuss (or Bundesausschuss für Verteidigungs- fragen), Politisches Archiv der Friedrich Naumann Stiftung, Bonn BW Bundeswehr CDU Christlich Demokratische Union [Christian Democratic Union] CNA Committee against Nuclear Armaments [same as KgA] CND Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe CSU Christlich Soziale Union [Christian Social Union] DDR Deutsche Demokratische Republik [German Democratic Republic (GDR) or East Germany] DFU Deutsche Friedens-Union [German Peace Union] DGB Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund [German Federation of Trade Unions] DP Deutsche Partei [German Party] EDC European Defense Community EKD Evangelische Kirche Deutschland [Evangelical Church of Germany, or Protestant Church] EM Erich Mende Bestand, Politisches Archiv der Friedrich Naumann Stif- tung, Bonn EO Erich Ollenhauer Nachlass, Archiv der sozialen Demokratie, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Bonn EZB Evangelisches Zentralarchiv, Berlin FAZ Frankfurter Allgemeine