Chapter Five Absenting the Chinese Man in the Ancestor Game In

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Chapter Five Absenting the Chinese Man in the Ancestor Game In 113 Chapter Five Absenting the Chinese Man in The Ancestor Game The novel retells again and again the story of the person who is marooned on some kind of island of metaphor and who comes upon the tracks of another self. But always it is the story of the isolated self seeking to transcend its isolation by becoming the other, the other self, through communication of the subjective reality of the self. When we were children we all asked someone close to us the awesome question, What is it really like to be you? (Alex Miller, "Chasing My Tale" 6) In an interview, Alex Miller has said that The Ancestor Game was written for a Chinese artist friend: "I followed his experience. I wanted to validate him" (Ryle 1). Notwithstanding that the character Lang Tzu Feng is at one point described as having a "mischievous, primate quality of cunning" (17), Alex Miller's The Ancestor Game (1992) has one of the more sympathetic representations of a Chinese man in recent Australian literature. Although it presents a sympathetic representation, The Ancestor Game is also predicated upon the displacement of that Chinese male subject by another. Representation, as Sneja Gunew tells us, involves two meanings, "on the one hand... as 'depiction' and on the other as 'delegation' (speaking for)" ("Playing" 87). Within this "speaking for" we can see representation is also an impulse to displace. In the second of these meanings a line of authority is assumed, a position vis-a-vis the one who is spoken for. However representation is also a practice in the absence of the one spoken for, and despite Miller's validating intentions of "speaking for", I will argue in this chapter that it is also possible to detect how ambivalent, limiting and marginalising this representation as depiction of a Chinese man is across the text, and how it is predominantly a practice of absenting the other. How also appropriate then that Miller's "central" Chinese male character should be named Lang Tzu, "two characters which in Mandarin signify the son who goes away" (Ancestor 116). 114 In the first chapter of The Ancestor Game the narrator Steven Muir, a writer, has returned to England from Australia for his Scottish father's funeral. When he asks his mother whether she wants him to stay with her in England she replies no. At the end of the chapter Muir then contemplates: "Was I returning to Australia... to continue my exile, or was I going home?" (Ancestor 8). The sentence encapsulates the dilemma faced by the central character Muir and a number of the novel's other major characters; the ambivalences and ambiguities of migrancy, feelings of dislocation, longings for return, and the possibilities of multiple geographic and cultural belongings. In Melbourne Muir meets and befriends the art teacher Lang Tzu Feng and the artist Gertrude Spiess. Gertrude, who is part Chinese, although her Asian maternal genealogy is deliberately elided from the story, is the daughter of Dr August Spiess, a German, Lang Tzu's former tutor/mentor, and the Feng family doctor, who accompanied Lang Tzu to Australia from China in 1937 in order to escape the Japanese invasion. Through this friendship with Lang Tzu and Gertrude, Muir becomes involved in writing a book The Chronicle of the Fengs, itself a parallel representational endeavour. Lang Tzu might well be the representation of the Chinese artist friend Miller had wanted to validate, however the novel is framed within Gertrude's preparations for a solo art exhibition and the novel concludes with the exhibition's opening. Within this structure are multiple movements of the Chinese male into western space; beginning with Lang Tzu's great grandfather, the first Feng as a ten-year old boy, and then Lang Tzu at a similar age in the 1930s. If the young are inherently incapable of representing or speaking for themselves then the line of representation through delegation might appear a more legitimate and authorised task. Miller's sympathetic representation of the Chinese male spends many more pages of the novel narrating the positions of the prepubescent first Feng and the young Lang Tzu, than the adult life and experiences of an adult Lang Tzu. When Miller does take to the position of the adult Lang Tzu, then we see that the representation is narratively limited by comparison. The main conflict in The Ancestor Game is about resisting the cultural pull of one's ancestors and their demands. Lang Tzu's mother, Lien, sides with her traditional Chinese father. Lien, which means Lotus in the novel, also happens to be a homonym for the word to connect, to join, or to be in succession — thus in continuity with tradition. Lang Tzu's father C. H. Feng on the other hand has become completely westernised and all the more powerful, ruthless and masculine for it. Between the pull of these oppositions is a space that can, if only superficially, open up to others. Ien Ang has 115 stated that in the era of multiculturalism, "racially and ethnically marked people are no longer othered today through simple mechanisms of rejection and exclusion, but through an ambivalent and apparently contradictory process of inclusion by virtue of othering" ("Curse" 139, original emphasis). Ang draws on Ghassan Hage to assert that this inclusiveness is based in part on a form of "cultural enrichment" for the dominant culture (142), which in turn maintains a relational positioning of the self and the other, or in other words the dominant figuratively nourished by the difference of the minority. In The Ancestor Game we see this kind of inclusiveness in the character Muir recollecting that since his earliest childhood he believed that within himself, one day he would "come upon extensive and complex landscapes rich with meaning and mystery, waiting for [him] to explore", and that the purpose of his "life would be in the exploration of these places"(10). He observes Lang and Gertrude and realises that: "The way I began to understand them offered me the outlines of a story... it seemed to me that Lang and Gertrude might occupy the vacated homelands of my interior, which were in danger of being colonised by the chanting spectre of my father" (17). Through a position of incorporating the other, the subjective self it would seem is then both sustained and strengthened. It is not however to Muir's interior that we have direct access, but to a specular (other) one. Most of the intrusions into the terrain of the other are performed by Muir himself. Muir through a number of furtive forays observes: "I witnessed myself penetrating more deeply into Lang's domain. Leaving him, I could not resist the impression that I was becoming the person inhabiting the landscape within his mirror" (39). And again: "I had not retreated in confusion from his door... but had inserted myself into the interstice created by his momentary absence... if he wished to reinstate himself then he would have to read my signs." (154). Like a good coloniser, the stability of place is disrupted through resignification, as if to disorientate the former occupier should he or she wish to return. The imposition upon the other extends not only to the Chinese male but also the female, as when Muir enters the house of Victoria Feng, Lang Tzu's great aunt, and has at least the semblance of a spatial dialectics: Placing myself at the place where she [Victoria] had first insinuated her own presence into the landscape, insisting on my own existence in the place from where she had observed the artist at work... Victoria had become the landscape. She had 116 determined the way I was seeing it, directing my attention towards the significance of certain features and away from others. (100-01) Such passages indicate alternating occupations of the self into the space of another, so that nowhere is free of incursion; instead everyone is both a potential coloniser and exile. This exchange of places becomes an overriding state of universality in The Ancestor Game; Muir says: "My mother identified our caste as both refugees and colonists. But isn't that, sooner or later, what everyone must become?" (109). The political character of refuge and colonisation in such landscapes becomes universal practice; ordinary individuals who may never travel and itinerant cosmopolitan citizens may practice it by design or unwittingly. But these instances of furtive "colonisation" and occupation of other places are surprisingly free of actual encounters; rather they are more likely to occur in the absence of the other. Why then does Muir enter the space of the other when the other is paradoxically absent? What is the purpose of this spatial clearing? James Moy states that it is "within an ideologically enforced space of absence that invites political manipulation" (qtd in Metzger "Example" 642). It is at this point that Miller is attempting not representation but appropriation of that minority space for himself, or at least his principal character Muir, and by extension still further for all diasporic subjects. Within such unfettered movements Alex Miller is himself a coloniser. Miller came to Australia from England as a young man and became a jackaroo in north Queensland in the early 1950s. It is not surprising then that Miller enlarges the diasporic condition of dislocation and exile to include such white European characters as Muir and Spiess. "Here" writes Spiess of Australia in his journal "the displaced are in place" (284)1. Whereas the concept of the diaspora might have once referred to the dispersion of Jews among Gentiles, and then more generally to the displacement or exile of groups of people of common national or cultural origin, William Safran has noted how currently the terms diaspora and diaspora communities "seem increasingly to be used as metaphoric designations for several categories of people — expatriates, expellees, political refugees, alien residents, immigrants, and ethnic and racial minorities tout court" ("Diasporas" 83).
Recommended publications
  • TRULY GLOBAL Worldscreen.Com *LIST 1218 ALT2 LIS 1006 LISTINGS 11/21/18 11:19 AM Page 2
    *LIST_1218_ALT2_LIS_1006_LISTINGS 11/21/18 11:19 AM Page 1 WWW.WORLDSCREENINGS.COM DECEMBER 2018 ASIA TV FORUM EDITION TVLISTINGS THE LEADING SOURCE FOR PROGRAM INFORMATION TRULY GLOBAL WorldScreen.com *LIST_1218_ALT2_LIS_1006_LISTINGS 11/21/18 11:19 AM Page 2 2 TV LISTINGS ASIA TV FORUM EXHIBITOR DIRECTORY COMPLETE LISTINGS FOR THE COMPANIES IN BOLD CAN BE FOUND IN THIS EDITION OF TV LISTINGS. 108 Media L28 Five Star Production C28 NHC Media J10 9 Story Distribution International J30 Fixed Stars Multimedia D10 NHK Enterprises B10-18 A+E Networks G20 Flame Distribution L05 Nippon Animation B10-14 ABC Commercial L05 Fortune Star Media G26 Nippon TV B10-19 About Premium Content F10 FOX Networks Group D18 NPO Sales H36 ABS-CBN Corporation J18 FranceTV Distribution F10 NTV Broadcasting Company H27 ADK/NAS/D-Rights B10-15 Fred Media L05 Oak 3 Films E08/H08 AK Entertainment H10 Fremantle E20 Ocon Studios H32 Albatross World Sales L30 Fuji Creative Corporation B10-9 Off The Fence J23 Alfred Haber Distribution F30 GAD F10 Omens Studios E08/H08 all3media international K08 Gala Television Corporation D10 One Animation E08/H08 Alpha Group L10/N10 Gaumont H33 One Life Studios J04 Ampersand F10 Global Agency E27 One Take Media J28 Anima Istanbul N08 Globo K24 Only Distrib F10 Animasia Studio M28 Gloob Participants Lounge Parade Media Group H08-01 Animonsta Studios M28 GMA Worldwide J01 Paramount Pictures Suite 5201 Animoon J25 GO-N International F10 PGS Entertainment F10 Aniplex B27 GoldBee H34 Phoenix Satellite Television G24 Antares International
    [Show full text]
  • SUPERHEROES Maritheresa F
    más+menos student magazine fall 2011 seville study center SUPERHEROES Maritheresa F. Frain: Director of the CIEE Study Center in Seville Oscar CEballos: Coordinator, editor, and graphic designer. Resident Editor’s Note Director of the Communication, New Media and Journalism program Oscar Ceballos Eduardo DEL CAMPO: Final editor of contents, staff reporter from El Mundo Gloria MARTÍNEZ: Coordination of University of Seville students and revision of English-Spanish translations Superman wore a cape Lauren SIEBEN: Revision of texts in English and editor assistant más+menos student magazine apes may be normal in Krypton, but on worse, once people get used to them, they’re and respect. After all, they’re just an exagger- fall 2011 Cplanet Earth they’re kind of weird. taken for granted. ated version of us. www.ciee.org/masmenos In one of my favourite absurd dialogues All superheroes are gifted—or cursed— In the pages of más+menos 17, we’ve tried seville study center from the iconic ‘90s sitcom “Seinfeld,” George with some sort of superpower, and they won’t to cover the whole superhero spectrum, even Constanza, the plump, middle-aged maniac be left alone until they put it to what the gener- including the cursed ones. We have stories played by Jason Alexander, gets quite upset al consensus thinks might be a good use. That about stars that once shined brightly, iconic when he realizes that his parents are planning is why, utterly disappointed by our selfishness, figures who died young, brave bullfighters who to divorce. As an only child, the mere idea many superheroes end up venturing into the become pathologically shy out of the spot- contents of having to celebrate two separate Thanks- dark side.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on Discrimination
    WERTHEIMER_POST AUTHOR EDIT.DOC 2/26/2007 1:23:23 PM Reflections on Discrimination ALAN WERTHEIMER* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 945 II. DISCRIMINATION................................................................................................ 947 A. The Rhetoric of Discrimination................................................................ 947 B. What Makes Discrimination Wrong?....................................................... 948 C. How Wrong Is Discrimination? ............................................................... 951 D. Mating as Discrimination ........................................................................ 957 III. REACTION QUALIFICATION REVISITED ............................................................... 959 A. Laundering Preferences........................................................................... 969 B. Public and Private ................................................................................... 972 C. Perfectionism ........................................................................................... 975 I. INTRODUCTION I take it that my principal qualification for being asked to participate in the workshop that gave rise to this paper is that I published an article, Jobs, Qualifications, and Preferences (JQP) in 1983, in which I discussed an issue that had not received sufficient attention.1 Arguments for affirmative action frequently appealed to the social and psychological
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching the Short Story: a Guide to Using Stories from Around the World. INSTITUTION National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 397 453 CS 215 435 AUTHOR Neumann, Bonnie H., Ed.; McDonnell, Helen M., Ed. TITLE Teaching the Short Story: A Guide to Using Stories from around the World. INSTITUTION National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, REPORT NO ISBN-0-8141-1947-6 PUB DATE 96 NOTE 311p. AVAILABLE FROM National Council of Teachers of English, 1111 W. Kenyon Road, Urbana, IL 61801-1096 (Stock No. 19476: $15.95 members, $21.95 nonmembers). PUB 'TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) Collected Works General (020) Books (010) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC13 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Authors; Higher Education; High Schools; *Literary Criticism; Literary Devices; *Literature Appreciation; Multicultural Education; *Short Stories; *World Literature IDENTIFIERS *Comparative Literature; *Literature in Translation; Response to Literature ABSTRACT An innovative and practical resource for teachers looking to move beyond English and American works, this book explores 175 highly teachable short stories from nearly 50 countries, highlighting the work of recognized authors from practically every continent, authors such as Chinua Achebe, Anita Desai, Nadine Gordimer, Milan Kundera, Isak Dinesen, Octavio Paz, Jorge Amado, and Yukio Mishima. The stories in the book were selected and annotated by experienced teachers, and include information about the author, a synopsis of the story, and comparisons to frequently anthologized stories and readily available literary and artistic works. Also provided are six practical indexes, including those'that help teachers select short stories by title, country of origin, English-languag- source, comparison by themes, or comparison by literary devices. The final index, the cross-reference index, summarizes all the comparative material cited within the book,with the titles of annotated books appearing in capital letters.
    [Show full text]
  • Industry Guide Focus Asia & Ttb / April 29Th - May 3Rd Ideazione E Realizzazione Organization
    INDUSTRY GUIDE FOCUS ASIA & TTB / APRIL 29TH - MAY 3RD IDEAZIONE E REALIZZAZIONE ORGANIZATION CON / WITH CON IL CONTRIBUTO DI / WITH THE SUPPORT OF IN COLLABORAZIONE CON / IN COLLABORATION WITH CON LA PARTECIPAZIONE DI / WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF CON IL PATROCINIO DI / UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF FOCUS ASIA CON IL SUPPORTO DI/WITH THE SUPPORT OF IN COLLABORAZIONE CON/WITH COLLABORATION WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS PROJECT MARKET PARTNERS TIES THAT BIND CON IL SUPPORTO DI/WITH THE SUPPORT OF CAMPUS CON LA PARTECIPAZIONE DI/WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF MAIN SPONSORS OFFICIAL SPONSORS FESTIVAL PARTNERS TECHNICAL PARTNERS ® MAIN MEDIA PARTNERS MEDIA PARTNERS CON / WITH FOCUS ASIA April 30/May 2, 2019 – Udine After the big success of the last edition, the Far East Film Festival is thrilled to welcome to Udine more than 200 international industry professionals taking part in FOCUS ASIA 2019! This year again, the programme will include a large number of events meant to foster professional and artistic exchanges between Asia and Europe. The All Genres Project Market will present 15 exciting projects in development coming from 10 different countries. The final line up will feature a large variety of genres and a great diversity of profiles of directors and producers, proving one of the main goals of the platform: to explore both the present and future generation of filmmakers from both continents. For the first time the market will include a Chinese focus, exposing 6 titles coming from China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Thanks to the partnership with Trieste Science+Fiction Festival and European Film Promotion, Focus Asia 2019 will host the section Get Ready for Cannes offering to 12 international sales agents the chance to introduce their most recent line up to more than 40 buyers from Asia, Europe and North America.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Where We Would Extend the Moral
    ‘WHERE WE WOULD EXTEND THE MORAL POWER OF OUR CIVILIZATION’: AMERICAN CULTURAL AND POLITICAL FOREIGN RELATIONS WITH CHINA, 1843-1856 A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Mathew T. Brundage December 2015 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Dissertation written by Mathew T. Brundage B.A., Capital University, 2005 M.A., Kent State University, 2007 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2015 Approved by ________________________________ Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Mary Ann Heiss, Ph.D. ________________________________ Kevin Adams, Ph.D. ________________________________ Gang Zhao, Ph.D. ________________________________ James Tyner, Ph.D. Accepted by ________________________________ Chair, Department of History Kenneth Bindas, Ph.D. ________________________________ Dean, College of Arts and Sciences James L. Blank, Ph.D. TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………….. iii LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………... iv PREFACE ………………………………………………………………... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………….. vii INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………… 1 CHAPTERS I. Chapter 1: China as Mystery ……………………………… 30 II. Chapter 2: China as Opportunity ..………………………… 84 III. Chapter 3: China as a Flawed Empire………………………146 IV. Chapter 4: China as a Threat ………………………………. 217 V. Chapter 5: Redefining “Success” in the Sino-American Relationship ……………………………………………….. 274 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….. 317 APPENDIX………………………………………………………………… 323 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Missionary Journal, “Chinese Character” This Article Was
    1. Missionary Journal, “Chinese Character” This article was published in a Protestant missionary journal, based in Canton, that operated from 1832 until 1851. Its readership included both the foreigners living in Canton and home religious communities in Britain and the United States. It is worthwhile noting that the title of the article places the author in the position of knowledgeable observer, thereby rendering his comments both “factual” and honest. The author maintains a sympathetic attitude towards Chinese women, citing their beauty and charm, yet paints them as victims of insensitive males and an oppressive culture, presuming an invisible sorrow shared by all women in China. Confucianism is named as the primary offender, and Christian conversion the sole savior. One may presume that this portrayal of delicate Chinese women as victims of brutish Confucianism helped to excite enthusiasm for the missionary cause in China both at home and abroad. Source: Lay, G. Tradescant. “Remarks on Chinese Character and Customs.” Chinese Repository 12 (1843): 139-142. No apology can or ought to be made in the behalf of the unfeeling practice of spoiling the feet of the female. It had its origin solely in pride, which after the familiar adage, is said to feel no pain. It is deemed, however, such an essential among the elements of feminine beauty, that nothing save the sublimer considerations of Christianity will ever wean them from the infatuation. The more reduced this useful member is, the more graceful and becoming it is thought to be. When gentlemen are reciting the unparalleled charms of Súchau ladies they seldom forget to mention the extreme smallness of the foot, as that which renders them complete, and lays the topstone upon all the rest of their personal accomplishments.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Orphic Review
    1 The New Orphic Review Editor-in-Chief Ernest Hekkanen Copy & Associate Editor Margrith Schraner Managing Editor Michael Connor _______________________________________________________ 2 Contents Copyright © THE NEW ORPHIC REVIEW for the authors First North American Serial Rights Reserved ISSN 1480-5243 The New Orphic Review, a journal devoted to publishing fiction, po- etry, reviews and essays, is published two times per year by New Or- phic Publishers. The review accepts no financial assistance from gov- ernment sources, but will accept advertising. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE: The New Orphic Review, 1095 Victoria Drive, Vancouver, British Co- lumbia, Canada, V5L 4G3. Make sure all inquires and manuscripts are accompanied by an SASE and that the return postage is Canadian. Manuscripts with insufficient return postage will be held for six months and then discarded. Payment to contributors is one copy of the review in which the au- thor’s work appears. The New Orphic Review purchases First North American Serial Rights only. Opinions expressed by contributors are not necessarily those of The New Orphic Review. SUBSCRIPTIONS PER YEAR (2 ISSUES) Individuals Canada $25 (CAD) Institutions Canada $30 (CAD) USA $25 (US) USA $30 (US) Individual issues $15.00 CAD or US as applicable. ADVERTISEMENTS (BLACK & WHITE CAMERA-READY ONLY): Inside covers: Other pages: Half pages: $200 CAD, $175 US $150 CAD, $125 US $75 CAD, $60 US Subscriptions and advertisements should be sent to the above ad- dress. Cheques should be made out to The New Orphic Review.
    [Show full text]
  • Stony Brook University
    SSStttooonnnyyy BBBrrrooooookkk UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy The official electronic file of this thesis or dissertation is maintained by the University Libraries on behalf of The Graduate School at Stony Brook University. ©©© AAAllllll RRRiiiggghhhtttsss RRReeessseeerrrvvveeeddd bbbyyy AAAuuuttthhhooorrr... The Making of National Women: Gender, Nationalism and Social Mobilization in China’s Anti-Japanese War of Resistance, 1937-45 A Dissertation Presented by Dewen Zhang to The Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University December 2013 Copyright by Dewen Zhang 2013 Stony Brook University The Graduate School Dewen Zhang We, the dissertation committee for the above candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, hereby recommend acceptance of this dissertation. Iona Man-Cheong – Dissertation Advisor Associate Professor, Department of History Nancy Tomes - Chairperson of Defense Professor, Department of History Victoria Hesford Assistant Professor, Department of Cultural Analysis and Theory Danke Li Professor, Department of History Fairfield University This dissertation is accepted by the Graduate School Charles Taber Dean of the Graduate School ii Abstract of the Dissertation The Making of National Women: Gender, Nationalism and Social Mobilization in China’s Anti-Japanese War of Resistance, 1937-45 by Dewen Zhang Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University 2013 Drawing on materials from the Second Historical Archive of China, the Rockefeller Archive Center, the Special Collection of American Bureau for Medical Aid to China, as well as other published and unpublished materials gathered in mainland China, Taiwan and the U.S., this dissertation discusses a broad spectrum of women of various social and political affiliations performed a wide range of work to mobilize collective resistance against Japanese aggression.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Children on the Margins: The Global Politics of Orphanage Care in Contemporary China Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4434c760 Author Wang, Leslie Kim Publication Date 2010 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Children on the Margins: The Global Politics of Orphanage Care in Contemporary China By Leslie Kim Wang A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Thomas B. Gold, Co-Chair Professor Barrie Thorne, Co-Chair Professor Marion Fourcade-Gourinchas Professor You-Tien Hsing Fall 2010 Abstract Children on the Margins: The Global Politics of Orphanage Care in China by Leslie Kim Wang Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology University of California, Berkeley Professor Thomas B. Gold, Co-Chair Professor Barrie Thorne, Co-Chair Since beginning its rapid transition to a market economy in 1978, the People’s Republic of China has sought to become internationally dominant. In order to develop human capital and labor power, it has implemented a range of ideologically-driven policies that have been geared towards improving the overall mental, moral and physical “quality” (suzhi) of the population. The current criteria for assessing the individual value of citizens have resulted in new lines of stratification being drawn among children. As a result, healthy rural daughters and special needs children in particular are now considered unworthy of intensive investment and face a higher likelihood of being abandoned to state care.
    [Show full text]
  • Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
    BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LITERATURES AND LINGUISTICS THE REPRESENTATION OF JEWISH MASCULINITY IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN SITCOMS THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS SHANY ROZENBLATT 021692256 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: PROF. EFRAIM SICHER November 2014 BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LITERATURES AND LINGUISTICS THE REPRESENTAION OF JEWISH MASCULINITY IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN SITCOMS THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS SHANY ROZENBLATT 021692256 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: PROF. EFRAIM SICHER Signature of student: ________________ Date: _________ Signature of supervisor: ________________ Date: _________ Signature of chairperson of the committee for graduate studies: _______________ Date: _________ November 2014 Abstract This thesis explores the representation of Jewish characters in contemporary American television comedies in order to determine whether Jews are still depicted stereotypically as emasculate. The thesis compares Jewish and non-Jewish masculinities in American Television sitcom characters in shows airing from the 1990's to the present: Seinfeld, Friends, and The Big Bang Theory. The thesis asks whether there is a difference between the representation of Jews and non-Jews in sitcoms, a genre where most men are mocked for problematic masculinity. The main goal of the thesis is to find out whether old stereotypes regarding Jewish masculinity – the "jew" as weak, diseased, perverted and effeminate – still exist, and how the depiction of Jewish characters relates to the Jews' assimilation and acceptance in America.
    [Show full text]
  • Images of Women in Four Modern Chinese Historical Plays
    Fall 1993 61 Male Ideology and Female Identity: Images of Women in Four Modern Chinese Historical Plays Haiping Yan Modern Chinese historical drama emerged with the modern spoken drama in the May 4th New Culture Movement in the early 20th century. The modern spoken drama, a Chinese imitation and appropriation of the form of Western modern drama which putatively began with Ibsen, was a radical negation of the Chinese traditional theatre represented by forms such as classical Peking Opera. Starting in 1917, New Youth, which was launched by a group of young intellectuals and became one of the most influential journals of the New Culture Movement, vigorously criticized the traditional theatre in which "no man speaks human language" and advocated a new drama about "real people's real life."1 In their radical challenge to the traditional theatre, some of the young intellectuals argued that the genre of historical drama could not do anything useful but "repeat the old habits and stories."2 Guo Mo-ruo, a radical activist and one of the founders of modern Chinese literature, had a different view on this issue. In his opinion, the long history of China contains "the soul of the nation and indicates its future fate." What he wanted to do, as he announced in 1923, was to project a living energy into the dead skin of history and to generate a new form of historical drama which combines the past and the present into an image of the future.3 The trilogy named Three Rebellious Women was his first dramatization of this theoretical claim and, in a literal sense, the beginning of modern Chinese historical drama.
    [Show full text]