FORTY-FOURTH REPORT
OF THE
BASEL GERMAN
EVANGELICAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY
IN
SOUTH-WESTERN INDIA
FOR
1 8 8 3
MANGALORE PRINTED AT THE BASEL MISSION PRESS 1884 ßmsus ni the Basel &ermati Euangelical Äiisskm nn the Western ßuust cf fedia* 1st JANUARY 1884.
Agents of the Mission S ch o o ls Congregations 00 European Native Agents Schools Boarding Vernacular * £ Present ('Imrcli-ileinlier* ! Blission- Christian c. a' Schools « © .=> au aries Agents Schools ,0 E -S 0} ra
.. G
NAMES <►> 1 O 0 bo JS s: S3 jj 720 s OS Ô <Ä OF G > c te CP C « «8 0 aB J3 MISSION STATIONS 0 CO s a 3 c C c ä s c S ¡3 s £ 15 ë 0 s 0 9 £ 0 c English Schools — >- 3 A 0 0 j* B •0 'ü
IS January 1st 1883 g 0) masters mistresses SchoolB « instruction ‘S ’s tized during 1883 c iristian School iristian
’S 'S Heathe and iristian ativc ativc Pastors School an-Cliristian of Schools umber Schools raining reparandi-Schools Ê1 eathen Vernacular of )tal Pupils unde amber of Converts Church-Mi of amber t HM QQ u b 0 ¡3 !zi xn H Ph « 5*5 e s ü « 'A 0 O Èi 0
; I. Canara— Coorg ' Mangalore...... 1834 15 13 1 9 12 6 8 12 24 0 0 0 0 164 162 232 174 68 824 12 13 79 87 7 10 604 1497 ■*•1 ! ! Mulky...... 1845 2 2 0 7 6 2 1 7 0 0 0 0 69 57 35 0 7 5 3 239 8 706 323 3 361 687 46 1 Udapy...... 1854 4 3 3 7 9 2 0 7 0 0 19 69 0 57 50 0 28 25 250 58 1032 530 19 532 1081 164 : K a r k a l ...... 1872 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58 2 9 1 18 48 1 ! 2 2 Kundapur...... 1876 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 0 4 1 50 2 38 23 1 30 51 0 1 2 22 H o n o r é ...... 1845 2 2 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 34 0 53 20 12 30 6 2 0 ! M e r c a ta ...... 1870 3 3 0 5 2 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 19 26 0 5 14 64 3 251 138 14 113 2 0 5 (! 1 29 25 4 34 30 12 10 30 24 2 19 69 69 302 299 232 »23 122 1461 83 3517 1940 00 1688 3 6 9 1 261 ! II. South-Jdakratta D harw ar...... 1837 3 1 0 2 2 2 5 3 0 0 0 0 53 2 9 69 65 0 198 5 147 72 4 91 167 2 Hubly...... 1839 2 1 0 3 1 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 22 12 0 65 0 99 0 317 141 3 103 247 0 Bettigerry...... 1841 2 2 0 4 5 1 1 5 4 10 0 62 0 5 20 8 54 0 163 9 421 278 9 200 487 3 Guledgud...... 1851 2 1 0 4 2 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 17 18 0 42 0 77 21 466 250 31 193 47-1 19 9 5 0 13 10 4 9 14 4 10 0 62 53 46 59 77 226 0 537 35 1351 741 47 587 1375 24 111. Malabar Cannanore...... 1841 5 5 1 7 7 0 7 4 0 0 0 0 0 43 38 201 59 27 368 6 616 3 1 6 87 272 625 8 1 Tellicherry ...... 1839 2 2 1 6 9 1 13 10 0 9 19 8 0 34 39 323 45 12 489 1 414 217 1 185 403 14 Chombala...... , . 1849 3 1 0 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 80 1 8 3 45 62 1 209 7 262 134 5 157 296 4 Calicut...... 1842 9 7 1 6 11 3 11 8 0 0 0 0 0 22 118 400 110 24 674 14 836 477 8 3 5 7 84 2 29 , C o d a c a l...... 1857 1 1 0 3 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 32 0 2 3 33 0 5 0 93 13 354 161 5 210 376 6 i P algh au t...... 1858 2 1 0 6 7 1 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 « 13 82 118 14 2:; 3 3 1 50 77 7 67 151 12 22 17 3 34 43 I 9 36 32 0 9 19 40 80 146 244 10 :> 1 399 78 20 (;i; 44 2 63 2 1382 63 1248 2693 68 j | IV . Nilgiri | K a ity ...... 1846 2 2 0 3 3 1 5 8 0 0 0 17 0 0 3 0 1 55 0 175 8 64 35 6 35 7 6 0 Kotargiri...... 1867 1 1 0 1 3 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 12 12 4 7 54 2 91 1 151 52 8 82 142 0 1 3 3 0 4 6 2 6 11 0 0 0 17 12 12 7 7 209 260 9 215 87 14 117 218 0 1 1 T o ta l... 63 50 7 85 89 27 61 87 28 21 38 188 214 506 609 1367 1157 202 4330 171 7715 4 150 190 3640 ¡7980 353 Total of I si January 1883 . 59 48 7 80 80 27 51 84 29 15 52 214 257 515 524 1061 1129 212 4008 149 7557 3965 159 3591 7715 362 ' Decrease during 1883 . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 14 26 43 9 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 | Increase ditto . . . 4 2 0 5 9 0 10 3 0 6 0 0 0 0 85 306 28 0 322 22 158 185 31 49 265 0 European Missionaries of the Basel German Evangelical Mission.
Corrected up to the 15th A p ril 1 8 8 4 .
[The letter (m.) after the names signifies: “married” and the letter(w.) “widower”. The names of unordained Missionaries are marked by an asterisk.]
N a tiv e Date of j Name Active ! Station C ountry Service | 1. E. Diez (m.) Germany 1851 Mangalore 2. F. Kittel (m.) do. 1853 Dharwar 3. J. Lauffer (in.) do. 1856 Cannanore (Chowa) 4. W. Roth (m.) do. 1857 Hubly 5. J. F. A. Männer (m.) do. 1857 Mangalore 6. R. Hartmann (m.) Switzerland 1859 Karkal 7. W. Stokes (m.) India 1860 Kaity 8. J. F. Müller (m.) Germany 1861 do. 9. F. Ziegler (m.) do. 1862 Dharwar 10. J. B. Graeter (m.) do. 1863 Mangalore 11. Th. Digel (m.)* do. 1864 do. 12. J. Knobloch (m.) do. 1865 Calicut 13. S. Walter (m.) Switzerland 1865 Tellicherry 14. F. Matthissen (m.) Russia 1867 do. 15. Th. Elsässer (m.)* Germany 1867 Calicut 16. "W. Sehmolck (m.) do. 1869 Chombala 17. H. Daimelhuber (m.) do. 1869 Bettigerry 18. A. Brasche (m.) do. 1869 Udapy 19. W .P .Schönthal(m.)* do. 1870 Cannanore 20. W. Niibling (m.) do. 1871 Honoré 21. G. Hirner (m.)* do. 1871 Mangalore 22. J. Hafner (m.)f Switzerland 1871 Mulky 23. "W.Hasenwandel (m.) Germany 1871 Bettigerry 24. J. Hermelink (m.) do. 1872 Kotargiri
f On his w ay to India. 4
Native Date of Name A ctive Station Country Service
25. J. F. Yeil (m.) Germany 1872 Mercara 26. R. Hauri (m.)* Switzerland 1873 Mangalore 27. C. Feuchter* Germany * 1873 Calicut 28. J. Layer (m.) do. 1873 Mangalore 29. R. Schenkel (m.) do. 1874 Mercara 30. C. Pfleiderer (m.)* do. 1874 Mangalore 31. J. Veil (m.)* do. 1875 Mercara 32. L. Gengnagel (m.) do. 1875 Kundapur -Basrur 33. J. Frohnmeyer (m.) do. 1876 Calicut 34. A. Ruhland (m.) do. 1876 Palghaut 35. C. G. Eble (m.) do. 1876 Mulky 36. M. Hoch (m.) Switzerland 1876 Mangalore 37. E. G. Halbrock* Germany 1876 Calicut 38. G. Benuer (m.)* do. 1877 do. 39. H. Altenmüller (m.)* do. 1878 Mangalore 40. J. Krapf (m.)* Switzerland 1878 do. 41. J. G. Kühnle (m.) Germany 1878 Codacal 42. C. D. Warth (m.) do. 1878 Guledgud 43. J. Weismann (m.) do. 1879 Cannanore 44. Chr. Keppler (m.) do. 1879 Udapy 45. J. J. Jaus (m.) do. 1879 Calicut 46. J. Fieg (m.)* do. 1879 do. 47. H. Bachmann (m.) Switzerland 1880 Palghaut 48. W. Dilger (m.) Germany 1880 Tellicherry 49. F. Stierlen (m.)* do. 1880 Cannanore 50. F. Staib (m.)* do. 1881 Mangalore 51. K. Ernst do. 1881 Guledgud 52. F. Fischer (m.) do. 1881 Honoré 53. F. Eisfelder do. 1882 Hubly 54. A. Spering do. 1882 Udapy 55. H. Knittel do. 1882 Dharwar 56. G. Francke* do. 1883 Mangalore 57. J. Grimm* Switzerland 1883 Mercara 5
N ative S ate of N a m e Active Station Country Service 58. S. Limbach Germany 1883 Dharwar 59. C. Schaal do. 1883 Chombala 60. M. Schaible do. 1883 Karkal 61. J. Funk* do. 1884 Mangalore
At Home.
62. A. Bührer (m.) Switzerland 1842 late of Kotargiri 63. C. Müller (ra.) Germany 1842 do. Tellicherry 64. J. F. Metz do. 1843 do. Kaity 65. L. G. Hanhart (m.)-j* Switzerland 1857 do. Cannanore 66. J. Maek (m.) Germany 1858 do. Hubly 67. J. J. Thumm (m.) do. 1860 do. Bettigerry 68. G. Ritter (m .)f do. 1869 do. Udapy 69. W. Sikemeier (m.) Holland 1870 do. Mangalore 70. J. Welsch (m.) Germany 1871 do. Guledgud 71- C. Hüttinger (m.)* do. 1871 do. Mangalore 72. P. Ott (m.)t do. 1871 do. Mulky 73. G-. Wagner (w.)f do. 1872 do. Chombala 74. J. Ostermeyer (tn.)* do. 1873 do. Calicut 75. G. Grossmann (m.) Switzerland 1874 do. Gulodgud 76. J. Baumann (m.)*f do. 1874 do. Mangalore 77. W. Lütze (m.) Germany 1875 do. Hubly 78. E. Liebendôrfer (m.) do. 1875 do. Tellicherry 79. J.Knausenberger(m.) do. 1878 do. Udapy
Pensioned in India.
80. H. A.Kaundinya(m.) India 1851 late of Anandapur
t On their way to Europe. N reviewing the past year, we have to acknowledge, that it is owing to the mercy and loving kindness of our God, that we have not been dealt with according to our sins and shortcomings. We have been spared and permitted to see His gracious working in the young Church, as well as among the heathen. 1. Looking at the Congregations, the total increase since 1882 amounts to 265 souls. Of these 171 have been added to the Church of Christ through baptism of heathen (viz. 122 adults and 49 children). The remainder (94), is due to an excess of births (318), over deaths (185), and other losses. As regards the Baptism o f heathen, all Stations (3 being excepted) were permitted to add one or more souls, Udapy taking the lead with 58. In our four Districts the following numbers were baptized, i.e. inCanara-Coorg83, in Malabar 44, in South-Mahratta 35, and on the Hills 9. Owing to past sad experiences, our Brethren have been more careful in baptizing Catechumens belonging to the lower and working classes, as their knowledge is mostly defective and their mo 7 tives for joining the Mission are in many instances unsatis factory. What is the benefit of increasing numerically, when there is not a corresponding growth in Divine power and spirituality! Nay, the danger of exposing the living mem bers to their being contaminated by worldly-minded church- members cannot be too strongly depicted. AVe rather prefer to increase slowly, and to keep in view the standard which our Lord has given for all who desire to be His followers. The Lord in His mercy has cheered us up greatly through the conversion of a number of individuals, who have experi enced in their hearts the renewing and regenerating power of God, and who for Christ’s sake, have endured the loss of their social standing and submitted to slights, annoyance, ridi cule and persecution. Such cases will be found mentioned under Kotargiri, Tellicherry, Mercara, Basrur and Guledgud. Of the excommunications fully 46 p. c. fall 011 Mulky which has had the mortification of seeing worldly-minded Christians, who either resented or dreaded Churcli-discipline, go back to the heathen, showing thereby that they had only come for the sake of the “loaves and fishes”. After due consideration of additions and deductions to be made, our Congregations numbered on the 1st of January 1884: 7980 souls, of whom 4150 are communicants. They live in 19 Missionary Stations and 100 and odd Out-stations which lie grouped round them. Of our 19 Stations Mulky, Karkal, Hubly, Tellicherry and Kotargiri show among them a decrease of 119, who however joined other Stations. Mulky lost through Church- discipline, and Hubly through having to part with three insti tutions which, owing to fever, were transferred to the healthier Station Bettigerry. To strengthen the feeling of Christian fellowship between the different Churches of one Collectorate, District Mission Festivals are being held. Such took place at Calicut on the 6th of September, at Mangalore on the 1st of November and at H ubly on the 15th of November 1883. In connection with the above Mission festivals the Eu ropean and Native Presbyters of the different Churches meet for a District Synod, when the spiritual state and the various wants of each District are discussed. Such Synods were held at Calicut on the 5th of September, at Mangalore on the 31st of October and at Hubly on the 14th of November 1883. 2. As regards our Schools, we have to state that owing to the transfer of the different Orphanages mentioned in our last Report, which was effected early in 1883, the Betti- gerry Orphanage for girls, the Calicut Orphanage for girls, and the Hubly Orphanage for boys disappear from this year’s Census. This causes a decrease of 26 boys and 43 girls (boarders). We need not repeat that not only a saving in men, and funds, but also a healthier growth of the Congre gations is thereby effected. Let orphans, who are such in deed, be cared for, and be brought up according to their future mode of living. Orphanages at their best are only make-shifts and a faint attempt at offering a home to desti tute children; and every body knows, that children brought up in fam ilies, are far better fitted to brave the world and to battle against its hardships and temptations. The Vernacular Day-Schools of the Congregation have had an increase of 127 girls and 36 boys, it being a rule that every child, girl as well as boy, who has completed his or her sixth year, whether the parent is well-to-do or poor, is bound to attend school till confirmation, which takes place between the ages of 14 and 15. The Vernacular Schools for Heathen Boys have only increas ed by 28, making in all 1129; the Anglo-Vernacular and High Schools, however, show an increase of 306 pupils or 1367 in all. 9
Concerning the Heathen Girls’ Schools, we are sorry to have to mention a decrease of 10 girls. There were last year only 202 heathen girls under instruction. Our exertions have, however, not flagged, and we hope the Lord will crown our efforts with better success next year. Taking them all in all, our different Schools educate 4330 pupils or 322 more than in 1882. The Grants-in-aid received are shown on the last page. 3. Whereas on the one hand we try to get rid of needless encumbrances, by parting with landed property when its management becomes a bore, and a heavy responsibility, as for instance, in South-Mahratta, so on the other hand Preaching to the heathen has been carried on with more energy than has hitherto been the case. Our brethren and Native Assistants acknowledge that the work of the first pioneers has already begun to tell on the people, and that much of their present success is due to the devotion of many a veteran. When we mention here and there the number of days spent in travelling, we intend to include longer journeys only; house to house visits, and bazaar-preaching in the places of residence not being counted. 4. The Agents of the Mission have been increasing during the year under review. There are 89 Christian Schoolmasters or 9 more than in 1882, and non-Christian Teachers 61, against 51 of the pre vious year. The number of Christian Schoolmistresses remains the same as before, namely 27. The Christian Teachers of the different Stations meet once a month in order to have their knowledge supplemented by one of the Missionaries. Once a year all the Teachers of a District assemble in some central locality, when they read their essays and hear dissertations on different educational sub jects. Such meetings were held in Dharwar and Chombala. 2 10
The number of Native Pastors is the same as the year before. There are 5 Catechists and Evangelists more than last year, 85 in all. Of these 3 have come from the Mangalore Seminary, and 3 from the Evangelists’ School, formerly at Hubly, one has been pardoned and reinstated, and another admitted on trial. We have again the painful duty of recording that one of our older and most able Catechists of 25 years of service, whom we expected in the course of time to become a pattern to the younger Catechists, has been too much addicted to drink and has become deeply involved in debt. To screen himself he had taken refuge in systematic untruth. Dear as the man was to us, we had to discharge him with sorrow. A humble labourer (Chrysostomus) has succumbed to small pox. But Paul Devadattan, as mentioned last year, has shamefully deserted us. The monthly course of instruction, imparted to the Native Assistants belonging to each Station, has taken place re gularly. There are yearly District gatherings, when, if possible, all our Native Preachers meet in some central place not only to show the progress made in preaching to Christians and Heathen and in catechizing, but also to receive some new stimulus for the work. These have been held in Mangalore (Nov.) and in Calicut (Oct.).—We employ these agents to assist the Missionaries in charge of Congregations, in the capacity of teachers, itinerant preachers etc. All of them, according to an order from our Committee, are to be admitted to the pulpits of the different principal and subordinate Churches, and to preach to the heathen as often as they can, a non preaching Catechist being considered a misnomer. At the moment of publishing this Report we have 43 Ordained Missionaries and 18 Lay-Brethren. 11
The Missionaries of each Station meet for weekly prayer and Biblical discussion. Besides this, all the Missionaries of a District have a yearly meeting in order to discuss the differ ent questions which have arisen during the previous year. Such District Conferences were held at Calicut on the 4th of September, at Mangalore on the 30th of October, and at Hubly on the 13th of November. There are 50 Missionaries’ wives, most of whom were re gularly engaged in the supervision of the sale of books and tracts, of Infant Schools, of Industrial Schools, in the economi cal management of Girls’ and Boys’ Orphanages, in instruction in needle- and fancy-work to the girls of our different Christian and Heathen Schools, in tailoring to our orphan boys, in visit ing the sick women and children of the different parishes etc. Some of them, who have mastered the Native languages, visit their female heathen neighbours at the Mother- or at the different Out-stations—a quiet unpresuming work, which we should like to see carried on vigorously. Although several of our Missionaries and their wives were poorly and even very sick, the Lord most mercifully spared us all. We have, however, to record the death of two old Indians at home, viz. the Rev. F. Sauvain and the Rev. J. M. F ritz, founder of the Calicut Station. Particulars will be found in the Obituary at the close of the Report. Some of our Missionaries have been visited with death in their families. We desire to thank Deputy Surgeon General J. M. Joseph in Cannanore, Dr. Serkis, who in his absence acted for him, Dr. D. Cardoz in Gadag (Bettigerry), and Drs. Lee and Thomas in Mangalore, for the gratuitous medical help to dif ferent sick members of our Mission. There left for Europe: in 1883 in March Mr. & Mrs. Gross- mann, in April Mr. Sikemeier and family, and Mr. Liebenddrfer and family , and in the middle of December Mr. Knausenberger
2 * 12 and family; in 1884, on the 16th of February Mr. Ostermeyer and family, on the 28th of March Mr. & Mrs. Hanhart and .Mr. Wagner and child, and on the 30th of March Mr. R itter and family, Mr. Ott and family, and Mr. Baumann and family. The following were permitted to return:— Mr. & Mrs. Diez, 22nd April 1883; Mr. & Mrs. Schenkel, 20th October 1883; Mr. & Mrs. Walter and Mr. & Mrs. Kittel, 14th January 1884. We have received the following reinforcements:—Mr. O. Francke and Mr. J. Grimm for Mangalore, 27th January 1883; M r. C. School for Chombala, Mr. M. Schaible for Karkal, Mr. S. Limbach for Dharwar, 20th October 1883 ; Mr. J.F unk for Mangalore, 14th January 1884. The following brethren were married:—Mr. Staib to Miss Vogel and Mr. Fischer to Miss L u tz in October 1883; Mr. Stierlen to Miss Reich in November 1883; Mr. Bachmann to Miss Barker in January 1884. I. CANARA (Soutlb-Cmara, Sorth-Camra, and Coorg).
MANGALORE. Out-Stations: Jeppu, Bokapatna, Bolma, Kasargod, Bekal, Ravaneshvara, Hosdurg.
I. Clerical Part. Rev. A. Männer, in charge of the Congregation. Rev. B. Grader, j Rev. E. Diez, > „ „ Catechists’ Seminary. Rev. M. Hoch, ) Rev. J. Layer, „ „ Anglo-Yernacular School.
Native Pastor Rev. Sebastian Furtado.
Catechists Israel Aaron, Samuel Andrea, Giristanuja Watsa, Daniel Andrea, Gabriel Almanda, Gershon Soans, Albert Bang era, Charles Hermon, Joshua Joshua.
Christian Schoolmasters Jacob Ammanna, Faul Banger a, Albert Vartika, Joshia Karat, Samuel Soens, David Bunyan, Immanuel Karkada, Joel Sona, Stephan Jattanna, Israel Jattanna, Gabriel Hermon, Aquila Muttu.
Christian Schoolmistresses Julia Manakaden, Tdbitha Theodor, Sophia Titus, Lydia Mitra, Margaret Soens, Charlotte Menez.
Heathen Teachers A. Padmanabha, K. Krishna Rao, K. Subba Rao, M. Subba Rao, M. Rama Rao, A. Manjunatha, Venkataramana, Dasappa. 14
Mr. Liebendörfer, who had temporarily assisted in the Seminary, left for Europe in March 1883. Mr. Diez has returned in April 1883 and resumed his old work. M r.& Mrs. Knausenberger, who stayed partly here, partly at Udapy, were forced on account of fever to leave for Europe in De cember 1883. Mrs. Hoch, owing to ill-health, was absent nearly eleven, and Mr. Hoch for about five months from the Station. The Congregation is under the charge of Mr. Männer, assisted by a Deacon and three Catechists. It numbers 1497, against 1379 in the previous year. 1429 of these, and 830 of the 873 communicants, live in and around Mangalore. The large increase of this year is due to immigration of Christian families from the District.—The little flock in Jeppu, numbering 175 (1882: 157), is in charge of Mr. Furtado since April 1883. A new Chapel has been dedicated in Jeppu to Divine Worship on the 8th of July.—As the new Kudroli Tile-Works near Bokapatna have attracted some of our poor Christian families from the District, regular Sunday Services have become necessary at the latter place. All these Services, a few occasional Canarese Services in the Balmattha Church excepted, are in Tulu; there are be sides alternate Canarese and Malayalam Sunday Services in the Catechists’ Seminary. The first were held by Messrs. Graeter and Hoch, arid the other by Messrs. Liebendörfer and Diez. Also regular Divine Services for the English Congregation at St. Paul’s were conducted by Messrs. Graeter, Hoch, Liebendörfer and D iez; those Sundays excepted, when either the Lord Bishop of Madras or the Chaplain from Mercara officiated. As to the spiritual and moral condition of the Church, we are not only aware that everywhere tares crop up, but also that the Lord knows those who are His. To abet another in his sins, formerly considered an act of charity, finds less and less 1.5 favour. There are such, who instead of screening sin urge those who have fallen to make a clean breast of it, and con fess their sins. There are some who drink in secret, who, when heathen, did not venture to touch a drop. These misunderstand evangelic liberty from sin, hell and devil as a kind of Libertinism. Be it they, or any others, who walk unruly, they are admonished, and made to feel that our God has called us not to lasciviousness but to holiness. We ought to mention that there is a Sickhouse in connec tion with the Mission, offering a home to a number of 16-18 destitute, lame, maimed, blind, sickly and decrepit persons, mostly women, among whom 2 are Catechumens. They all depend on charity. A married couple has charge of the place, where daily prayers are conducted for the benefit of the in mates. Preaching to the heathen has received due attention. The weekly bazaar-preaching in Mangalore in Canarese and Tulu is held more frequently. It has been supplemented by weekly religious discussions in one of our buildings, carried on at first in English and then in Canarese. These are generally preceded by a sermon, when afterwards the discussion begins, Mr. Graeter presiding. Though the results may be hid, we know that a spirit of enquiry or even the desire of prepossess ing others favourably with their religious views is a hundred times better than a stagnant state of mental apathy, provided always no idle wrangling takes place. Many small heathen festivals round Mangalore were visited. Mr. Hoch and Seminarists went to Vitla, Mr. Graeter, Mr. Diez and Seminarists to (Farengipett), Bantwal, Puttur, Kavu, and Mr. D iez and Seminarists to Manjeshwara. Mr. Digel went to Subrahmanya, and Mr. Digel and Mr. Layer to Sulya. The Catechists were travelling 465 days. The different Schools have, on the whole, done well. 16
The mixed Parochial Schools at Jeppu (24) and Nireshvalya (35), the Parochial Boys’ School (106) and the Parochial Girls' School (97) and the Infant School (80) have steadily progressed. Sickness has made itself most felt among the smallest children. The above schools are supplemented by a Sunday-School (60) and two Night-Schools for apprentices (of 25 and 12- re spectively). Schools for Heathen Children are: The English School at Mangalore under Mr. Layer's charge numbers in the Canarese division 125, and in the English division 196 pupils, or 321 in all. Of these 28 are Christian boys and 2 Christian girls and 19 Heathen girls. The Anglo-Vernacular School at Bekal with 4 classes has suffered from a rival school, which absorbed some of the boys of the lower classes. The Hosdurg Anglo-Vernacular School numbered 70 children in 4 classes, and seems to do pretty well. In the Hindu Girls’ School earnest work has been done in the year under review, although it may not appear so at first si^ht. Anyhow though the numbers may not have risen, the girls have improved in knowledge. The number of children receiving instruction in Mangalore and its Out-stations amount in all to 824, of whom 68 are Heathen girls. The Catechists’ Seminary, in which the Assistant Catechists, Catechists and Pastors of our Mission are being educated, has been under the charge of Messrs. Graeter, Diez and Hoch. Catechist Christanuja, besides his share of teaching, superintends the studies and supplies the wants of the students.. There are four classes. The Theological, Biblical and Linguistic lessons have been imparted through the medium of Canarese and Malayalam. All learning, however valuable in itself, is worthless in the cause of Religion, when the possessor is not 17
a converted man, and his heart is not warmed by the love of Christ, whereas on the other hand its value is enhanced when he is converted to God, and makes all his learning subser vient to the great aim for which he is called. Yet to convert these young men is not ours but the Lord’s. We feel daily more and more how dependent we are on His quickening influences. The last year, above many a bygone one, has been full of sorrow and humiliation. As we observed in the footnote of last year’s Report, our Seminary was set on fire by an incendiary on the night of the 25th of March. The roof being of bamboos, cover ed with a thick layer of straw, which had been accumulating for years, the fire made speedy havoc. Had the roof not been set on fire in two places simultaneously, when the fire was first detected, much could have been saved. As it was, nearly all the books, manuscripts, clothes, furniture, harmonium etc. became a prey to the flames. Also Catechist Chr. Watsa, who had to see first to the safety of his family, lost much of liis kit. Owing to this calamity the pupils of the Seminary were sent to their homes. They returned after six weeks. With them came seven pupils, six from Udapy, and one from Telli- clierry. A student, who had kept a School, returned after two years’ leave. On account of the above mentioned accident the examination of the highest class took place only in May, instead of April, when three students were added to the list of Native Preachers. The new School-year 1883-84 was begun in the verandah of one of our bangalows, on the 7th of May. Towards the end of May our pupils and Catechist Chr. Watsa and family put up again in the temporarily roofed in and patched up Seminary, not without a deal of personal discom fort ; and we sincerely hope that better accommodation will be provided, before another year comes round. Scarcely had we begun our work, when the hand of the Lord was lying 18
heavily on Mr. & Mrs. Graeter. We had the sorrow to commit three of their children within five weeks to their graves. Whilst on the one hand much Divine work was going on in the souls in an unobtrusive way, on the other hand we were also startled by signs of a spirit of dissatisfaction in some. Not that we were alarmed; we know that as new wine ferments before it becomes palatable, so young men must be allowed a time for reflection. It only becomes an element of danger, when persons puffed up by spiritual pride look down upon others, whilst they themselves are servants to the flesh. If such do not leave of their own accord, they must be dismissed. Thus in the past year two left us, and another had to be sent away. One left us for one to two years, to practice teaching in a School, whereas a fifth one asked for his dis charge. During the School-year a young man formerly edu cated at the Udapy Preparatory School, and another from the Evangelists’ School at Hubly, have been admitted. We close the year with 29 students.
II. Printing Press and Book & Tract Depository.
Mr. G. Hirner, Printing Press. Mr. J. Krcupf, Book & Tract Depository.
Mr. Sikemeier and family left for Europe on the 24th of February 1883. Since then Mr. H irner has had the sole management of the Press. He has taken pains to secure its acknowledged typographical proficiency, in order to contend against fair and unfair competition. The Book & Tract Depository is the editing firm of our own Religious Books and Tracts, and of some School-Books. Mr. Krcupf supplies 21 Branch-Depots and supervises 10 Colpor teurs, paid by the Mission, who sell our own religious Books 19 and Tracts, as well as School-Books. Besides these, 4 Col porteurs, who are employed by the Madras Auxiliary Bible Society, distribute Bibles and portions of Scripture, and help in the evangelization of our different Districts. We desire to tender our heartfelt thanks to theLondon Religious Tract Society for the liberal grant of 370 Reams of printing-paper towards publishing Religious Tracts and Books.
Sale of Books and Tracts from 1st July 1882 to 30th June 1883. 1. Our own Publications. Rs. As. P. 46679 Copies of Religious Books 2165 9 1 25102 „ „ School-Books 6105 15 2
2. Other Publications. 54163 Copies__ 12650 1 1 125944 Total Copies 20921 9 4
LIST OF BOOKS Printed during the year 1883.
1. Canaresc.
Edition: Size: Copies : Pages: Tot. Pages Sabhapatra, Yol. XYI 8 ° 700 192 134400 Instructive Parables .... III. 16° 7 000 32 224000 The Good W a y ...... X. 16° 6000 64 384000 An Introduction to the Geography of the W o r l d ...... I. 8° 2500 50 125000 Second Book of Lessons (Madras) IX. 16° 3000 144 432000 The Book of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes II. 1 2 ° 10000 60 600000 Catechism of the Geography and History of Maharashtra . . II. 1 2 ° 6000 60 360000 Geography of North Kanara. . I. 16° 1000 16 16000 An Epitome of the Geography of India I. 1 2 ° 500 16 8000 Firat Book of Canarese Poetry (Bom.) I. 1 2 ° 50000 66 3300000 3* 20
Edition: Size: Copies: Pages: Tot. Pages First Book of Lessons (Madras) . X. 18° 10000 67 670000 The Chief Doctrines of the Gospel I. 1 2 ° 4000 80 320000 Illustration of the Ten Command ments ...... I. 1 2 ° 6000 45 270000 The Wanderings of Yamunâbây . II. 1 2 ° 1800 150 270000 The Heart B ook ...... VII. 16° 3000 80 240000 The Book of Genesis to E xodus X X . II. 18° 5000 190 950000 Collection of Pearls, containing 24 h a n d b i l l s ...... I. 1 2 ° 6000 48 288000 Subjects for Consideration . II. 32° 5000 12 60000 The Birth of Christ .... III. 32° 5000 16 80000 Three Parables showing God’s L o v e ...... III. 32° 6000 12 72000 A more Excellent Way than Linga W o r s h i p ...... I. 1 2 ° 4000 66 264000 Twelve L etters ...... VI. 16° 4000 78 312000 Third Book of Lessons (Bombay G o v t . ) ...... II. 1 2 ° 20 0 0 0 136 2720000 Kanarese Ankalipi (do.) II. 1 2 ° 100000 36 3600000 Catechism of Canarese Grammar X. 1 2 ° 5000 60 300000 Almanac for 1884 .... go. 5600 80 448000 276100 16412400
11. Malayalam.
Këralôpakâri, Vol. X. 8 ° 600 192 115300 The New Testament...... 1 2 ° 7500 532 3990000 Anthology, 1st and 2nd Standard III. 8 ° 7000 12 84000 Do. 3rd Standard II. 16° 3000 15 45000 H ym n Book . . . . * . VI. 1 2 ° 4000 319 1276000 An Introduction to the Geography of the World, Part II. Europe . I. 16° 2000 66 132000 A Catechism on Vaccination . I. 16° 2 0 0 0 24 48000 The Married L ife ...... I. 8 ° 3000 40 120000 On R e l i g i o n ...... V. 16° 2500 56 130000 The Pilgrim’s Progress abridged 11. 1 6 ° 2500 44 110000 The Essentials of Malayalam G r a m m a r ...... III. 16° 8000 82 256000 Third Book of Lessons (Madras G.) I. 62° 1500 108 162000 A Catechism of Physics. . I. 8 ° 1700 447 759900 E vil W o r d s ...... I. 32° 8000 24 192000 Scripture Sentences .... IV. 1 2 ° 5000 50 250000 The History of Mahomed III. 16° 3500 40 140000 21
Edition: Size: Copies : Pages: Tot. Pages! The Faithful Servant I. 3 2 ° 8000 16 128000 False W itn ess ...... I. 32° 8000 24 192000 First Book of Lessons (Madras G.) X. 16° 1000 67 770000 Second Book of Lessons (do.) II. 8 ° 1000 122 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 Manual of Drill Book I. 16° 1500 216 224000 Almanac for 1884 .... 8 ° 3600 80 288000 107600 10910700
111. Konkani.
Christmas, (in Canarese Characters) I. 1 2 ° 2000 16 32000
IV. Sanskrit and Malayalam.
The Gospel of St. John II. 1 2 ° 1500 150 225000
V. French,
French Grammar in Malayalam. I. 8 ° 1200 88 105600
VI. English ànd Anglo-Vernacular.
F ir 9t Canarese English Translator III. 1 2 ° 1400 96 134400 English-Canarese Dialogues . III. 16° 2000 129 258000 Anglo-Canarese Translation Series, Book I ...... I. 1 2 ° 6000 92 552000 Anglo-Canarese Translation Series, Book II...... I. 1 2 ° 4000 142 568000 Anglo-Malayälam Second English B o o k ...... II. 1 2 ° 3000 250 750000 Konkani Dictionary .... I. 8 ° 500 557 278500 43rd Report of the B. G. E. M. Society 1882 8 ° 1100 86 94C00 18000 2635500
III. Literary Department. A short resumé of the literary work of our different Sta tions finds its best place under the above heading. Concerning the revision of the Tulu New Testament, the Gospels of Mark, Luke and John, revised by Mr. Hartmann, have been examined by Mr. Männer, Mr. Bitter and other Tulu Missionaries, and some competent Natives, as Messrs. Furtado, Gojar and Sam. Andrea. Mr. Hartmann has also 22 nearly completed the Acts. A new edition of the Tulu New Testament is greatly desired, as the want of copies makes itself felt in Schools and in houses. The Canarese Almanac for 1884 by Mr. M. Hoch and Mr. Chr. Watsa, and the Malayalam Almanac for 1884 by Mr. F. Matthissen, have been published. The Canarese Monthly Illustrated Journal “Kreista Sabhä- patra” has been edited by Mr. M. Hoch and Mr. Chr. Watsa, whereas the Malayalam Illustrated Monthly Periodical “Kera- löpakäri” has been compiled by Mr. J. Frohnmeyer and M r. G. T. Vurgese. The following New Books and Tracts have been printed: Canarese: What is in the Vedas f translated by Mr. Chr. Watsa, from the Mahratti. Astronomy and Astrology, translated by Mr. Chr. Watsa from the Mahratti. The Difference of the Life of a Christian and of a Hindu, translated by Mr. L. Heri from the Mahratti. A more Excellent Way than Linga Worship, translated by Mr. L. Heri from the Mahratti. The Chief Doctrines of the Gospel, I. by Mr. W. Nilbling (already mentioned last year). Malayalam: Some Handbills and the following small Tracts by Mr. F. Matthissen: False Witness, The Faithful Servant, The Story of Dhvrashirastran, The Two Shops. A French Grammar in Malayalam by Mr. W. Schmolck, carried through the Press by Mr. E. Diez. Konkani: Christmas, by Mr. A . Männer, printed in Canarese characters. 23
IV. Industrial and Mercantile Establishments.
Mr. Th. Digel, ‘Weaving Establishment. Mr. R. Hauri, Tile-Works, Jeppu. Mr. C. Pfleiderer, General Treasurer to the Mission. Mr. H. Altenmüller, Mercantile Mission-Bran ch. Mr. F. Staïb, Mechanical Establishment. M r. G. Franke, Tile-Works, Kudroli. Mr. J. Funk, „ „ Mr. Grimm has assisted part of the year in the Mecha nical Establishment. He has been employed since October in the Mercantile Mission-Branch, and was transferred to Mercara in April 1884. Mr. Funk has arrived in January 1884 and will assist in the new Tile-Works. Mr. Baumann, owing to bad health, has left Mangalore with his family in March 1884. Owing to this circumstance Mr. FLauri has taken charge of the Jeppu Tile-Works. Mr. Pfleiderer and family have improved in their healths in consequence of their stay of 4 months at Bangalore. The new Tile-Works at K udroli are completed, and work has been begun. The above Establishments, including the Press, the Book- and Tract Depository and the Mercantile Mission-Branch, occupy 079 persons, of whom only 331 are Christians. They are daily opened with prayer, and it is hoped that order and Christian example will act favourably on those, whom they are intended to influeuce. The apprentices to different trade» are well looked after. They enjoy good health and are happy. A few of our unordained Brethren have assisted in the work among Christians and heathen. 24
MULKY.
Out-Stations; Ulya, Kadike. TJchila, Termala, Mulur. Kutyar, Kalatur. Santur, Yellur. Fadur, Mallar, Perur, Madambu. Munderu, Kodetur.
*Rev. J. Hafner, in charge of the Congregation, Orphanage & Out- stations. Rev. C. JEJble, „ „ Out-Stations and Itinerant preaching.
Catechists Mark Salis, Israel Eliezer, Jared Soans, Obed Smnitra, Gabriel Bangera.—Nathan Suchitta, Joseph Vedamuttu.
Christian Schoolmasters Jeremiah Sundara, David Bangera, Joseph Sona, Silas Adam, Joshia Mabenha, Benjamin Keiranna.
Christian Schoolmistresses Lena Jeremiah, D asi Anch.an.
Heathen Schoolmaster Vasudeva. This Station has lost, for some time at least, the services of M r. Ott, who after the lapse of IB years’ uninterrupted hard work felt obliged to leave with his family for Europe in March 1884, in order to restore his health. Mr. Hafner will take his place. As regards the Congregation, the experiences of the past year partake more of the cheerless than of the cheerful charac ter, as fully one-third of those excluded from Church-fellowship in our whole Mission fell to the lot of this Station. When the unchristian, worldly, nay heathenish mind of those who either left or had to be excluded, is considered, we are glad to think, that the Out-stations Uchila, Santur and Padur, which had suffered from these parasites, will in future develop more
*On bis way to India. 25 * healthily. Want of work for our Christians is a further source of grief. Yet it was not altogether cheerless—the humble faith in Christ, which shone forth in some who departed this life, was a comfort to our Brethren. There has been a good deal of change amongst the agents of the different Out-stations; especially Uchila had to part with its Pastor, Mr. Furtado, after 17 years’ devoted service (Feb ruary 1883; see last year’s Report). In the Boarding School for Girls, orphans or destitute girls are brought up, not only in housekeeping and farming suited to the life of poor ryots, but also in the elements of learning and needle-work. The girls are healthy and happy. Besides 69 orphan girls, 19 boys and 9 girls visit the school. The sudden death of a poor girl, 13 years old, threw a gloom on our institution. Juliana was roasting some jack- fruit kernels, and in order not to be seen, stood so near the fire that her dress got ignited. There was sufficient and able help in the kitchen and, had she stayed, the fire would soon have been extinguished; but unhappily she broke loose and ran into the yard, where a high wind was blowing at the time. Before assistance could be rendered she was so badly burned, that she was past help. She lingered for four days, reciting in her clear moments Bible verses and hymns. On the fifth day she died in great agony. There are other Parish Schools in Kadike (17), Santur (11), Kutyar (8), Padur (38), Uchila (57), and Munderu (11). Most of these are also patronized by heathen parents. Uchila feels the competition of a rival school. Preaching to the heathen. M r. Eble, unless when prevented by visits to Out-stations, or when acting for sick Catechists, spent his time in itinerant preaching (99 days); sometimes he was accompanied by one or two Catechists. These succeeded in i 26
devoting 319 days, (119 more than in 1882), to this work. The farthest place reached was Beltangadi. Catechists of neighbour ing Out-stations assist each other mutually in evangelizing their parishes. Visiting of houses at head-quarters and at Out-stations, which are not accounted for here, has taken place regularly. Mr. Eble has encountered a good deal of the “rice-christian spirit”, as it is called. “What will I get for my becoming a Christian?” “What you and your paid Agents said yesterday at such and such a heathen festival, will not appease our hunger”. “Who will join you without an equivalent?” “You ought not to disappoint the expectations of Neophytes.” They cannot deny the claims of Christianity on them, but refuse to see the truly spiritual element in it.
UDAPY.
Out-Stations : à'idambur, Beilur, Perala, Badegottu, Kapettu, Koiangradi, Malapu, Bolja, TJdyavara. Shirva, Suda, Ninjur, Palli, Kattingeri, Kudigrama, Bolle. Gudde, Kap, Mandedi. Kattupadi, Koppala. Madambeil, Kalanja, Kurkal. Kalyanapur, Uppur, Tottam, Bolmar, Amunje.
Rev. A. Brasche, in charge of the Preparatory School. Rev. C. Keppler, v „ Congregation & Out-stations. Rev. A. Spering, r> „ Orphanage & studying Tulu.
Native Pastor s Rev. Daniel Aaron, Rev. Diego Fernandez, Rev. Ch. Cojar. 27
Catechists Christian Mdbenna, George Peter, Joshua Chovvallur, Timothy Furtado, Benjamin Ponon, Bartholomy Shettian.— Benjamin Ananda.
Colporteur Sigfvied.
Christian Schoolmasters Peter Simon, Barnabas Joshua, Leonhard Suchitta, Gottlob Somapriya, William Fernandez, David Karlcada, Elias Ananda, Mose Jacobs, Benjamin Salianna.
Christian Schoolmistresses Hanna Lcecklin, Salome Mabenna.
Mr. & Mrs. Knausenberger were studying Tulu in the monsoon, but finding that the fever they had contracted in the South-Mahratta country would not leave them, they went to Mangalore, and in December to Europe, for the restoration of their healths, M r. B itter suffered for two months so much from low fever, that his life was despaired of for some time. We thank God for having spared him. After nearly 15 years of hard Indian life, he left with his family in March 1884, for a change to Europe. The revision of part of the Tulu New Testament engaged a good deal of Mr. Bitter’s and Mr. Ch. Gojar’s time, owing to which Mr. Keppler got a large share of the visiting of the many Out-stations. Most of the Catechumens were from this Station. More care, if possible, was taken to test them, so that a number of disappointed persons rejoined the heathen. About 58 (Udapy 16, Bolja 23, Gudde 7, Madambeil 8, and Kalyanapur4) were, however, considered worthy to be added to Christ's Church by baptism. In spite of relapsing Catechumens a number of new comers have filled up the gap. There are still 164,
4 * 28
(against 167 in 1882), on trial. Their experiences after join ing us are either encouraging, when, for instance, a family- plagued by Bhutas finds that its sick members recover after the removal of the images of demons—or they are of a trying nature, when, for instance, the new comers lose the farms, their ancestors have been tilling for generations (Madambeil), or when death thins their ranks (Kalyanapur), or, while at Divine Service, their house and property become a prey to the flames (Uppur). The Congregation amounts now to 1081 souls. There was no want of discouraging occurrences. Two persons, one for stealing and another for assaulting M r. B itter have been committed to the hands of justice. The latter had forsaken his own wife and six children and was living with another woman. He pretended to be repentant, and as pardon was not granted, he intended to fight for it. In Shirva a married woman was kept back only with difficulty from leading a bad life. A man objected to live with his otherwise irreproachable wife. A third one gave still graver offence.—There are, however, also reasons to rejoice. In Gudde the first baptized Christian and church-elder Peter died. He was an intelligent and thrifty man, a regular attendant at Church, zealous in admonishing lukewarm Christians, and rejoicing in his Christian calling. Yet, the desire to get rich seems now and then to have made him worldly-wise. The Lord in His mercy did not allow him to continue in this conduct without bringing him to true repentance. There was still another hitch. He had taken an aversion against the person of his youngest son’s wife, which increased the son’s uncharitableness towards her. However, when on his death-bed, he began to lament, saying: “I cannot die with this sin on my mind.” His end was peace.—Some of the backsliders of the last year begin to see their sin, and desire again the Manna they had once loathed. A number of Shirva 29
Christians resolutely resist the evil, which has shown itself in their little Church, and try to reform those who have sinned. There are Parochial Schools at U dyavara( 16), Shirva (40), Qudde (17), and Koppala (18). One or two more are highly desirable. The Orphanage for Boys has been partly in the charge of Mr. Keppler, and partly in that of Mr. Spering. It had 69 boys. The school is attended moreover by 1 heathen and 16 Christian boys, and 1 heathen and 27 Christian girls. The orphan boys cultivate some rice-fields in their time of recrea tion.—A very sad occurrence has cast a deep gloom on the whole Station. Four boys, who for itch were kept in the sick room, had without leave gone to take a bath in a tank, when one naughty boy caught the idea to entice a boy, 9 years old, to confide in him, that he would teach him to swim. In this experiment the boy slipped out of his hands, but instead of raising an alarm, he and the other two boys quietly took his clothes and went home, accounting for his absence by lies and, only after it was too late, confessing what had befallen him. The Middle or Preparatory School, and the Normal School, are in Mr. Brasche’s charge. He had a year of some anxiety. Six pupils were sent to the Catchists’ Seminary at Mangalore, and one was installed as School-master. At the close of the year both institutions numbered 19 and two pupils res pectively. The Brahmin Girls’ School under Mrs. Bitter has had a prosperous year; there are now 24 girls. Preaching to the heathen takes place during the weekly fair at Udapy, on heathen festivals, in and around Udapy, and during the visits to the many Out-stations. The pupils of the Preparatory School, led by Mr. Brasche, assisted here and there in the proclamation of the glad tidings of the Gospel 30 as, for instance, at the Koteshvara, Per dur, Hiriyadaka, Sooda, Beilur (Karkal), Aroor, Perala, Beltangadi, and other festivals, at th§ celebration of the installation of the new Swami in Udapj (10-18th January 1884), etc. They had 37 days of travelling. Mr. Brasche, accompanied by two of his Teachers, spent his summer holidays preaching in the Kundapur Taluk.
KARKAL.
Out-Stations .* Sanur, Mudar, Uandolige, Hekkadka.
Rev. R. Hartmann, in charge of the Station; Tulu literary work. Rev. M. Schaible, studying Tulu.
Cateehist Joseph Bhagyan.
In the beginning of November 1883 Mr. Schaible joined the Station. The small Congregation, dispersed in four Out-stations, has decreased by 10 persons. These left Sanur for Mangalore in quest of more remunerative labour. Among the few remaining members there are such, as have caused grief through their inconsistency and hard-heartedness. Several heathen festivals in and about Karkal have been visited. The revision of the Tulu New Testament, mentioned under literary work (p. 21), has taken up most of Mr. Hartmann’s time. 31
KUNDAPUR-BASRUR.
Otrbstations: Kundapur, Keilkeri. Rev. L . Gengnagel. Oatechists Eliezer Karat, Abraham Heri. Christian Schoolmaster Barnabas Kodot. Heathen Schoolmaster Subraya Kampti.
During the past year a Catechist has been stationed at Kundapur. The mixed Vernacular School begun this year at B asrur, numbers now 50 children. The Congregation has risen from 38 to 54, mostly through accessions from other stations. Small as the community is, we were grieved by sins of the flesh. The new burial ground has been consecrated on account of the sudden death of Mr. E. Blandford, Inspector in the Salt Department. He was interred before a large concourse of people, when Mr. Gengnagel improved the occasion by prea ching in Canarese. The day following a Brahmin told Mr. Gengnagel “Your way of burying the dead is far more solemn than ours. You look beyond the grave, whereas we only look into the grave/’ Also this time we are glad to report the baptism of two souls truly regenerated by God’s Spirit, namely a Brahmin of the name of Subbaraya, the brother of Christananda (see Report 1882, page 33) and his wife Padmavati.
Subbaraya is about 40 years old. He lost his mother when young and had to look after the household affairs. Although an adult, he managed by dint, of energy to learn to read and write and to master a Mantra-Shastra, or a book on sorcery. Disappointed in his expectations to get a revelation from a famous Mariyamma (a kind of Bhadrakali) at Kollur, he began to fall into a gloomy mood, when 32
the Christian books which Christananda, his brother, had brought, began to rouse in him a desire for peace with God. This increased greatly after Christananda’s conversion. The Heart Book suggested to him some new thoughts, and the sacrifice of Christ gave him light and energy to look out for pardon. It was, however, difficult to put into practice the conviction of his heart, which caused him a good deal of annoyance and personal dis comfort. He was greatly assisted by his wife Padmavati, the daughter of Venkataramana Eitalaru, a pandit, who was priest to about 200 Brahmin families, and as such, a man pious according to Hindu notions. Although he did not send her to school, he taught her the contents of the Bhagavata and Ramayana, and especially impressed on her mind the fear of God. It was she, who interceded with her husband not to use violence against Christananda, in order to make him a renegade. Under her soothing influence he was invited back to their home; the only discomfort to him was, that he should have to eat by himself. This worthy couple opened their house to Christananda, but because they did not perform his obsequies, as publicly demanded, their excommunication was pronounced by the Mattha or convent. This began to tell rapidly. Formerly courted and respected, they were now shunned and despised even by those, who had been accustomed to seek medical advice from them. To cause people to shun them still more, some took a delight in spreading all sorts of incredible reports, for instance, that the Missionary had forced Christananda to eat meat, and on his objecting to do so, had beaten him so severely, that his screams were heard in the bazaar, more than a mile off. In May, Subbaraya took off his brahmanical string and asked to be instructed for baptism, together with his wife. When their neighbours saw their determination to become Christians, they looked down upon them as outlaws, and attempted to dispute their right to certain ancestral lands. Padmavati was warned by her mother to forsake her husband, should he become a Christian. Others demanded of her to give up the Padri’s book, the Bible, that they might burn it, “else” they added, “you may become crazy and lunatic as your 33 ’ - brother.” The nearer the time came for 4hoii the efforts to keep them back were redouMe told by her mother, that she and her husband had lost caste and sunk to the level of Shudras, wherefore both should get them selves purified, that she might again visit, stay and take meals with them. Seeing she did not prevail, she left saying: “Oh child, you bring me into hell!” Three months later her mother tried her best to convince her that, to part with one’s husband was a smaller evil, than to lose one’s caste. Padmavati replied that many a Brahmin misbehaved, yet his wife did not forsake him ; her husband was try ing to act up to God’s commands 5 whether she should leave heaven to her husband and be satisfied with hell. Suffice it to say, that both husband and wife had to endure sneers and laughter, anger and con tempt, besides attacks of all kinds, in order to shake their faith. These fleshly weapons, instead of keeping them back, helped to strengthen them. They have realized the comfort of Christ’s saying Matth. 5, 11 : “Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake.” They were baptized on the 9th of September 1883, when they received the names of Christapriya Subbaraya and Debora Padmi. May they be faithful unto the end.
The preaching to the heathen has been carried on by Mr. Gengnagel and his Native Assistants throughout the southern portion of North Canara. He devoted 150, the Native Iti nerant preacher 173, Catechist A. lie ri 25 and (Jhristananda 29 days to this important branch. Mr. Gengnagel reports: The following heathen festivals were visited: Shankaranarayana, Gangoli, Saukur, Arihole, Kollur, Hemmadi, Hattiangadi, Manikolu, Basrur, Baindur, Kirimanjeshvara, Guddaddu, Koraki, Kalavara, Vondara and Koteshvara. At this last one Mr. Brasche, with some preachers and ten pupils of the Preparatory School, as singers, came to strengthen our hands. We erected a temporary shed, and during three days we could preach to an attentive audience from
5 34
7 a. m. till noon, and again from 2 till 5 p. m., when the pulling of the idol-car put a stop to our work. On one of these nights some Mohammedans came to the quarters of our Catechiats to dispute with them. During the last three months Christananda has ac companied us to learn practically how to preach the Gospel.
HONORÉ.
Out-Stationi K arwar.
Rev. W. Nulling. Rev. J. Fischer.
Catechists Samuel Runyan, Jeremiah Sona, Winfred Micha.
Christian Schoolmistress Maria Uebri.
The Congregation being very small, the Missionaries and Ca techists could devote nearly all their time to Itinerant preaching. Mr. Niibling partly owing to a two months’ stay on the Mukh, on account of his health, and partly owing to literary work, could only devote 110 days to itinerancy. He received, how ever, many visits from his old ¡acquaintances, quite a novel and cheering feature, which employed him about 100 days. Mr. Fischer, besides studying Canarese, spent much of his time in local visits to the heathen, and 77 days in itinerancy. Catechist Samuel, owing to his having been bitten by a very poisonous snake, suffered much in his health; he devoted 25, Catechist Jeremiah, teacher in the Hindu Girls’ School 31, and Catechist Winfred 72 days to itinerant preaching. 35
The good seed is sown here and there; it springs up; some blades seem to be hurt by blast and mildew, others look fad ed. Yet the husbandman waits for the former and latter rain. He waits till the Lord makes ready a plenteous harvest. The Branch-Congregation in-Karwar causes much work. It is to be hoped that the newly arrived Catechist Samuel Bunyan may succeed in turning all into the way of righteousness, and that the few encouraging signs of a better day may soon be come realized. The Hindu Girls’ School in charge of Mrs. NiiMing had 34 pupils, of whom 32 are girls, and of these 10 heathen. A rival girls’ school caused some girls to leave; after it was closed, our School was placed under the rules of the grant-in-aid system. The heathen girls attending the School, do so more from a desire to improve themselves, than from their being encourag ed by mothers, anxious for their education. It will take time for mothers to appreciate the boon of learning for their daughters.
MERCARA.
O'llt-Station: Anandapur.
Rev. J. F. Veil, in charge of the Congregations at Mercara and Anandapur, the North-Coorg Cooly-Mission, the Hindu Girls’ School and Itinerancy. Rev. R. Schenkel, Itinerancy and the South-Coorg Cooly-Mission. Mr. J . B. Veil, Mercantile Mission-Branch. Mr. J. Grimm do. do. do. [Mrs. L. Blandford.J
5 * Cateehists Bethuel Soens, Joshia Aarons, Joseph Mandody.— Jacob JJpranna, Lewis Salins.
Christian Schoolmasters Nathan Salins, Amrnta Balaram.
Christian Schoolmistress Isabella Kota.
The multifarious work of this District had since M r. Daimelhuber’s departure (1st January 1883) devolved entirely on Mr. F. Veil. The arrival of Mr. Schenkel (8th November 1883) was therefore hailed with joy. He has put up in Anan dapur. Mr. Grimm joined in April 1884. The Congregation shows 79, or 8 more than in 1883, owing to 6 baptisms and to re-admission of 3 excommunicated mem bers. Mr. Veil writes:
Of the former, three were heathen, namely a Coorg woman and her child, and a Brahmin of the name of Balaram, who is one of those souls, whom the Father has mercifully been drawing to His son. He is a descendant of the Saravaryas, a branch of the Kanya- kubja Brahmins, [also called Panchagaudas, permitted to do military service], who come from Oude and speak Hindi. His father, who was a Sepoy in a Rajput Regiment under Hy- der Aly, afterwards took service under the East India Company. Balaram was born in Conjevaram, South Arcot, and accompanied his parents to different military stations till he found employment as writer under the Mysore Government. In 1869 he became a Teacher and as such was employed in the Government School at Mercara in 1879. Strictly brought up as he was, he most scrupulously observed the caste-rules, and tried for some years to live up to a religion, which was a compound of the Vanaprastha (= eremite) and Bhikshu (= religious beggar) sects. The anxious observance of this kind 37
of Sanyasidom, combined with Vedantism, did not fill the aching void of his heart. In 1876, when the Bangalore Bible Society gave a Canarese Bible to each School, Balaram’s attention was attracted to it for the first time. He set about to study the whole Bible, and what Christian Canarese books he could get hold of. The perusal of these books and the intercourse with Mr. F. Veil convinced him that God’s Word was true. He had intended to avow himself a Christian-, but his wife’s disinclination prevented him. A severe attack of sickness, however, from which he had recovered, strengthened his resolution. When he could walk again he went to pay his vows to the Lord, and received holy baptism on the 24th of June 188B, adding to his name “Amruta”, to signify that he had died to sin and was living to Christ. After his return, his wife treated him as an excommunicated man, permitting him to sleep in the verandah only. On the third day he brought his wife to the Mission-compound, but she refused to take food in any shape. Pretending to fetch her cooking utensils, she went to the bazaar, when her former friends got her to lodge a com plaint against Mr. F. Veil for wrongful confinement. At that time the thoughts of many were revealed. A native friend brought the woman to her senses, and she withdrew her complaint; but now Balaram’s mother used all her influence to alienate her daughter-in-law’s affection in order to preserve her caste, and she would have succeed ed, had not Balaram’s younger brother, a sepoy in a N .I. Regiment, convinced her, that Balaram being an upright and earnest man, had taken this step to satisfy his conscience. She made up her mind to rejoin her husband. Both live now together, but except the Lord opens her eyes and helps her to the liberty of the children of God, she must consider herself wronged and sinned against. On the 17th of April 1884 twenty-five years will have elapsed since the first baptism and the founding of the Congregation in Anandapur by the late Rev. Dr. Mogling, after he had rejoined the Basel Mission. Of the 42 persons baptized then, only 12 are alive; and of the ten families the male scions 38
of 4 have become extinct. Catechist J. Aarons is still in charge of that Congregation. There are some well-disposed persons, others again are lukewarm and indifferent; some young men are bent on mischief; there is therefore enough of work to be done. Bazaar-preaching is being carried on pretty regularly at Mercara, Veerarajendrapett, Amatti and Siddhapur. The northern half of Coorg with the North-Coorg Cooly- Mission, was worked by Mr. F. Veil, Catechist Bethuel Soens and Evangelist J. Upranna. The latter spent 159 days in itinerant preaching. Mr. F. Veil had charge of the itinerancy of the southern half of Coorg and the South-Coorg Cooly-Mission, till M r. Schenkel relieved him in November 1883. Assistant Catechist Lewis Salins since March, Catechist Joseph Mandody from the middle of May (71 days), and Catechist Joshia Aarons whenever he could disengage himself from congregational work, visited among themselves 60 plantations. The Cooly-Mission in North- and South-Coorg was carried on by 3-4 Catechists on 90 plantations, the time when the coolies were absent from Coorg producing an unavoidable interruption for some months. M r. Veil or Mr. Schenkel visited all these plantations. The coolies are not entirely indifferent. Dull and listless as they may look, they now and then ask questions which prove their understanding, and when the light dawns upon them, they confess that they have gone astray. The gentlemen in charge of the plantations kindly con tributed towards the salaries of the Catechists, and subscrip tions for the same purpose were received from England. Yet this year the receipts were not sufficient to pay all the expenses connected with the Cooly-Mission. As a rule the support, pecuniary as well as moral, which we received in this work 39 from the Planters is worthy of high commendation. It is, however, only to be expected that they should interest them selves in the first instance in providing for their own spi ritual wants, and for this purpose they invited the Wesleyan Missionaries and the Chaplain of Mercara to hold Divine Services in English in some central places. This pro duced the natural wish, that the English work amongst the Planters, and the Canarese work amongst their coolies should be in the same hand, and a proposal was therefore made to us, to give over the Cooly-Mission, and in fact all work in South-Coorg (excepting Anandapur) to the Wesleyan Mission, so that one of their number might be induced to become re sident in South-Coorg. The Wesleyan Missionaries, however, declared most distinctly that they would never infringe on our Mission-field without our free consent. Much as wre wished to meet the wishes of all parties, we could noton mature reflexion offer to withdraw from the Canarese work on the plan tations, as this must have implied a withdrawal, first from the whole of South-Coorg, and at a later period from the whole of Coorg, in which our Mission has been working for 25 years, and we therefore made proposals for another kind of brotherly division of labour; and as it finally appeared that the Wes leyan Mission could not spare a man for work exclusively in Coorg, both Missionary Societies are now working together in harmony without interfering with each other’s sphere of labour. The G-irls’ School in the Mission-compound was carried on as before, the number of girls being 16. The projected Boarding School for Coorg girls has not yet been established, although last year the way seemed to be quite smooth for a speedy completion. But from several causes a strong opposition arose amongst part of the leading Coorgs, so that they with drew the signatures they had already given in support of the 40 cause, and did all in their power to thwart the plans of the other party, which remained firm in the resolution to have the Boarding School opened under the care of the Mission. And indeed it is evident under the present circumstances that such a Boarding School in Mercara cannot be established unless connected with the Mission; whilst any considerable extension of female education in Coorg is as much as impossible without a Boarding School. After the Chief Commissioner had'received a number of petitions and counter-petitions, proposals and counter-proposals, he at last decided that either party should be supported in its own separate plan, and we thus feel confident that the Boarding School will soon be opened as planned at first. An English Lady, Mrs. L. Blandford, the widow of an Un- covenanted Civil Servant, has been engaged to supervise and teach in this Girls’ School. We have been anxious to open a School in the B azaar and hope to succeed by and by. II. SOUTH-MAHRATTA (Dharwar and Kaladgi Collectorates).
DHARWAR.
Out-Stations: Jodhalli, Harnbidi.
Rev. F. Kittel, doing Canarese literary work. Rev. F. Ziegler, in charge of the Congregation and Schools. Rev. H. Knittel, studying Canarese. Rev. S. Limbach, studying Canarese.
Catechists Lot Eery.—Satyarthi Kaundinya.
Christian Schoolmasters Daniel Uttengi, David Muchaganna.
Christian Schoolmistresses Maria Muchaganna, Guruvantava Gurusiddha.
Heathen Schoolmasters Annaji Josi, Madho Halageri, Baburao Kalyanapur, Channabasappa Behatti, Rudraya Rottimatha.
Mr. Ernst left the Station on the 12th of March 1883 for Guledgud. Mr. Limbach joined on the 23rd of October 1883, and Mr. K ittel on the 24th of January 1884. The Congregation, under Mr. Ziegler’s supervison, has in the past year also been committed to the charge of Cate- chist Lot. It has increased by 20 souls since 1882. This is owing partly to the amalgamation of the Bettigerry Orphanage with the one at Dharwar, and partly to the baptism of five heathen. Among them is a weaver, Mallappa, with wife and two children. He was the adherent of a man, named 42
Basappa,the disciple of a certain Andani Swami of Manakvada, who had mixed the tenets of the Kalajnanis, (signifying “those who know the times,” a sect, which at one time had raised great hopes in us), with those of Christianity. We may be excused from giving a more detailed account, as furnished by Mr. Ziegler: The late Mr. Krauss, in the Report of 1866, p. 39, relates that he visited the Manakvada village, about 5 miles South of Hebsur. Our visit, he continues, had taken place 20 years after the one of Mr. Layer, senior, and other Missionaries from Dharwar and Hubly. A Lingaite high-priest seemed then to take an interest in the Gospel and to read the New Testament, but he pretended that Christ had become incarnate in him; he had himself called “Yesu Krista”, and got his disciples to worship him. All along he worshipped the Linga and kept caste. To a daughter of one of his disciples he gave the name of Mary, and, although twice her age, had himself rocked on her knees, playing with her as if he were a baby, pretending to have thus played with his first mother, the Mary of the New Testament. He adduced this as one of the chief proofs, that he was Jesus Christ indeed. The man died. Who could have thought, that out of such nonsense and blas phemy good would come! A Dharwar man, who had become a disciple of the above Lingaite high-priest, had returned to Dharwar and collected some disciples. He communicated to them some doctrines derived from Christianity, bearing witness especially against the vanity of idolatry and heathen customs. Yet he retained both his Linga and his caste. Several of his disciples found it inconsistent to speak against idolatry, and yet to wear and adore the Linga. They put it off, and got their Guru to do the same, continuing in their caste. As with the Lingaites in the case of marriage the Linga, (as well as the Lingaite priest, cannot be dispensed with, they soon found that their position was untenable. This was the reason, that several of them rejoined their former community. One of them Mallappa, however, wished to join us about the beginning of this year* At first he made 43
everything dependent on sending his daughter to her husband -, but after having accomplished this, he began to waver in his resolution. Why break caste and accept of baptism, which after all is only some outward ceremony ? We left him to himself, continuing all the while to pray for him. All of a sudden he and his son came to us and broke their caste. When he returned, his difficulties began. First his wife ran off. He went to invite her, and prevailed on her to follow him. Then his caste-people wanted to deny his wife the right of drawing water from the well, which was used by Mahommedans, and partly kept up by the Municipality, or at least that she should not draw along with another woman. Lastly his brother tried to oust him out of the portion of the house allotted to him (although each had a sepa rate entrance). All these and other trials helped to clear his mind and to strengthen his faith. During the instruction for baptism not only husband and wife, but particularly the children were anxious to learn about the Lord. The mother, in spite of difficulties, managed to learn by heart the Creed, the Ten Commandments, and the Lord’s Prayer. They were baptized on the 2nd of September. This is one of the fruits of work done some 40 years ago. On the other hand we had to grieve over the case of a young Brahmin, Annâji Joisi, who made a bold profession and received baptism. He believed the flattering words of his family and caste-mates, and returned into their midst, not to use his Christian liberty, but to walk according to caste-ob- servances. May the Lord save him “as a fire-brand plucked out of the burning.” Concerning the spiritual life of this Congregation, we have to remark that there are a few, whose Christian conduct may serve the heathen as a commentary of their profession. Such persons have a certain power to rebuke sin and to invite others to Christ. The Orphanage for G-irls has been slightly enlarged to receive the 31 orphan girls, who arrived from Bettigerry on the 30th of January 1883. There are only 53 inmates, some 6* 44
having married, others found employment, others again were sent back to their parents after their confirmation. Nine girls are day-scholars. It took fully nine months before the new comers were reconciled to new ways, and before all the girls took a liking to each other. It was a matter of great thank fulness to see the anxiety of the elder girls to avoid lying and reviling—the fruit of the instruction for confirmation, to which much care and time was devoted. On the other hand, Mr. & Mrs. Ziegler and their assistants were pained to find with some girls, especially famine orphans, that lying and stealing seem to be an irradicable evil, and that it is very difficult to reform quarrelsome dispositions. The girls not only learn native housekeeping thoroughly, but cultivate also their own Cayenne pepper, and learn all sorts of useful needle-work. The Anglo-Vernacular School and the Canarese Boys’ School had to compete with two rival schools; the former numbers only 69 against 83, whereas the latter shows 67 against 61 in 1882. There are some promising boys among them. Preaching to the heathen. When the Out-stations Jodhalli and Harubidi are being visited, the intervening villages come in for a small share. Mr. E rnst assisted till his departure. Mr. Ziegler in company of Mr. Knittel and Catechist H ery devoted a fortnight to Halliyal, when about 20 villages were visited. They were glad to see people more friendly disposed towards the G-ospel. Catechist Satyarthi, suffering in his chest, has been prevented from taking his share of work. 45
H U B L Y.
Out-Stations: TTnakallu, Hebsur. Rev. W. Roth. Rev. F. Eisfelder.
Catechists Solomon Devada.—Daniel Patti, Daniel Gauda. Christian Schoolmaster Gabriel Matapati. Heathen Schoolmasters Gurusiddha Halaya, Adiviyappa Manavalli.
Mr. & Mrs. Knausenberger, who through fever had been invalided, were obliged to go to the coast to try, whether that change would restore their healths. The other labourers were also attacked by fever. We stated in our last year’s Report that, owing to the feverish climate of Hubly, the removal of the Orphanage for Boys, of the Normal School and of the Evangelists’ Training School to Bettigerry had been settled. This was executed in January 1883. It is to be hoped the climate there will be more favo rable. Deprived of 3 Boarding Schools, the Congregation under the charge of Catechist Solomon, and supervised by Mr. Roth, lost all at once 70 souls, births, deaths and other occurrences duly considered. Instead of 317 the Congregation numbers now 247 only. As a spinning mill has been erected, the means of the people earning their livelihood have been improved. The owners wanted to work the mill on Sundays also, but both the heathen and Christian workmen objecting, it was not carri ed into effect. When we have the choice between a trade and a manufactory, we prefer the former. To assist the memory of our young Christians, and to im press Bible Stories deeper into their mind, Mrs. Roth has Sun day Bible Meetings and singing with the girls and women, and 46
Mr. Eisfelder with the boys and young men.—In some families the newly married wife finds it difficult to please both the husband and his mother. It will still take some time till the mothers-in-law learn to treat their Christian daughters-in-law in a manner worthy of the Gospel. Many of them cannot yet see the difference between the heathen custom of getting a baby or a bit of a girl as their daughter-in-law, to be moulded and educated at their wills, (when, for instance, a son, 20 years old, marries a baby l i year old, as it often happens), and the Christian way, when a grown up, well educated and sensible girl, who had a voice in the matter when she married, enters their house fit to manage a household. In Unakallu some depressing experiences were made. M r. Roth writes as follows: There was a certain Shantappa, a priest who had come in 1866, when 30 years old. "When Mr. Huber, who baptized him, went home in 1869, he did not take well to his successor. At that time he became sickly. He kept aloof and died without repentance and desire for pardon. A certain J. ffawala, a weaver, had joined in 1857. As he was an able man, he was made Assistant Catechist in 1863; he, however, employed all his spare time to earn money by weaving in addition to his salary. Not feeling at ease, he gave up preaching in 1868, and fell into money-making, lawsuits etc. In 1874 he seemed to be tired of his ways. He became the manager and the caterer of the Orphanage. When, however, some of his and his wife’s sins came to light, fearing that they would be visited with Church-dis- cipline, he broke off his connection for some time. He made again new advances, and it looked as if he had really repented, but, alas, money was his ruling passion. Poor man! he must be pitied on account of his misspent life. In the Parochial School at New H ubly 12 boys and 10 girls, and in that at Unakallu 10 boys and 2 girls are being in structed. 47
The Vernacular School in Old H iibly imparts instruction to 65 Hindu boys. As far as their health and time would permit, the Mission aries and Catechists preached to the heathen. Mr. Eisfelder, in tending to go as far as Ranibennur, was forced to return on the 9th day. Three days a week are set apart for bazaar-preaching, which is carried on in a, preaching hall in a frequented locality. The audience is for the most part well behaved. When they preach in public, Government scholars, writers, shop-keepers and grocers take a delight in giving vent to their atheism. The country people are more accessible. They will listen attentively, but they lack the moral courage to act up to what they think to be the truth.
BETTIGERRY (near Gadag).
Out-Stations: Shagoti, Malasamudra. Rev. W. Hasemvandel. Rev. H. Daimelhuber. Catechists Solomon Bliaskar, Nahasson Vira, Samuel Karat.— Silas Boragai. Christian Schoolmasters David Punita, Devapriya Shubha, Ananda Banna, . Immanuel Mudakavi, Amruta Shilabhadra. Christian Schoolmistress Martha Ayali. Heathen Schoolmaster Babanni Kdbadi.
Mr. & Mrs. Daimelhuher joined the station on the 16th of January 1883. 48
The Congregations at Bettigerry and Shagoti, in charge of Catechists Solomon and Nahasson respectively, are supervised by Mr. Hasenwandel. Regular Sunday Services are being continued in Malasamudra. Nine heathen were baptized. Bettigerry lost its Girls’ Orphanage and got three Boarding Schools from Hubly and one from Guledgud, which is a net increase of 66 souls. As mothers with small children find it difficult to attend Divine Service, and when they bring them along with them, to engage fully in it, a kind of Sunday nursery has been under taken, in which the little ones are taken care of, to enable their mothers to attend Divine Worship.— Difficulties in training chil dren are experienced here, as everywhere. The leniency, which gives in to a headstrong child against better convic tion, or which prompts one parent to thwart the educational measures of the other, are to be put to the account of the heathen custom of children’s marriages, and although sound measures are adopted in bringing up the rising generation, it requires patience to allow the Gospel leaven its . time of working.—We are happy to find, that whenever any member is changed by God’s Spirit, the old lethargy vanishes, and beneficial influences on the weak and the ignorant begin to make themselves felt. Some desire to be witnesses for their Saviour, and gladly accompany the Missionaries and Catechists, when they go to heathen festivals.—It has been arranged last year, that all well-to-do members should make a collection and hand over the money to the Presbytery, to give the poor and needy a joyful Christmas; a measure which evidently has given satisfaction. In Shagoti an attempt has been made to offer to the Lord on Epiphany gifts in kind, in imitation of the example of the wise men from the East. A few men ventured to bring the twentieth part of the produce of their fields.—But there are 49
also dark spots. In two houses ill-feeling, hard words and blows had reached such a pitch, that even heathen neighbours had to interfere. Worse than that, one of the women was caught in the act of hanging herself, and the other one was rescued from death by a speedy cutting of the rope, on which she had suspended herself. There exist also old family- quarrels, which any small occurrence may revive. Our hope stands in the Lord, who is powerful to regenerate the hearts of men, and to reconcile them with each other. The Girls’ Orphanage has been closed. It was opened 30 years ago by Mrs. Wurth, and had received up to date 236 girls, some for a longer, some for a shorter time. Of these many were born out of wedlock. Heathen mothers, knowing such waifs would not be rejected, instead of killing their offspring, which were an encumbrance to them, brought them sometimes when only a few weeks old, and, although we knew the chances of their being brought up to be very few, we received them, thus preventing crime and enabling the mother, who had lost caste and would have entered upon a course of profligacy, to be re-admitted into her caste. This institution then was closed, and the girls (31) were sent to Dharwar, where they entered the Girls’ Orphanage on the 30th of January 1883. The Parochial School at Shagoti had to be temporarily closed. Instead of the Girls’ Orphanage we established an Orphanage for Boys. The inmates came partly from Hubly (on the 2nd of February 1883, 34 boys), and partly from Ghuledgud (on the 7th of February 1883, 32 boys), 66 in all. It numbers now 70. A heathen boy, about 17 years old, belonging to the hunter- caste (Bedaru), prompted by a great desire to learn, asked for admission, and as we saw that he was in earnest, we received him on trial. Till the boys of the two amalgamated institutions were reconciled to the place, management and treatment, and
7 50 till they took kindly to each other, a good deal -of dislike had to he overcome. We have been deeply affected to see, that with many of the yonnger boys lying and stealing is their besetting sin. On the other hand we are thankful, that the elder boys do not tolerate sin. Several of them have even expressed, a desire to work in the Lord’s vineyard, and we wish, after the sifting process is over, a few may prove worthy of it. The Training School for Schoolmasters has also been trans ferred from Hubly to this Station. Mr. Daimelhuber has charge of it. Of 12 lads in 3 classes one had to be dismissed for disobedience, one left of his own accord, and two, having successfully passed their examination, were made Teachers. During the year some heathen boys (7) also visited this school. The Evangelists’ School has been transplanted from Hubly in February 1883, and is now in Mr. Daimelhuber’s charge. Four young men have absolved the course of instruction laid down for 3 years. Three between 29 to 38 years have entered the service of the Mission as Assistant Catechists, and one has gone to Mangalore to prosecute his studies in the Catechists’ Seminary. Six young men have been admitted as students. The Parochial Girls’ School has 20 girls. The Vernacular School for Christian and HeathenBoys has been removed to a more suitable locality and numbers now 54 boys. In preaching to the heathen, the Missionaries and Catechists took part as much as their regular work permitted. Mr. Hasenwandel remarks, how painful it is, whilst travelling through the country, to be reminded every now and then of the ravages of the famine. Many a ruined house has not yet been re built, and impoverished peasants who, whilst they struggle brave ly against want by trying to purchase carts and bullocks with bor rowed money, become in a measure the bondmen of money lenders. Mr. Daimelhuber and the pupils of the Evangelists’ Seminary were preaching regularly at Bettigerry and Gadag. 51
GULEDGUD
(Adär. Baffalkot).
Out-Stations: Parvati, Padinakatte, Murudi. Kardenhalli, Kordenlialli, Sadagundi, Nagarahalli, Asangi, Mullur. Mushtigreri, Kalkurgi.
Rev. C. D. Warth. Rev. K. Ernst.
Catechists Immanuel Furtado, Immanuel Sowenna.—Johann Prabliakar, Subhadra Kanapur.
Christian Schoolmasters Immanuel Nirmanika, Stephan Sagare.
Christian Schoolmistress Amruti Sakkare.
Heathen Schoolmaster Adiviappa Mulgund.
Mr. & Mrs. Qrossmann left the Station in February 1883 for Europe, and M r. E rnst from Dharwar joined the Sta tion in March 1883. What the Congregation has lost in numbers through the removal of the Boys’ Orphanage (32) to Bettigerry and the secession of two families to the Roman Catholics, has been more than made up by a surplus of births over deaths and the baptism of 21 heathen. Guledgud shows a decrease (207 against 244 in 1882), and Kardenhalli an increase (141 against 108 in 1882); all ihe places together number 474 against 466 souls. Q-uledgud has been under the care of Catechist 1. Furtado, Kardenhalli under that of Evangelist Johanappa, and Mushtigeri in charge of Catechist 1. Sowenna, Mr. Warth having the supervision. 52
Concerning the secession of two families to Romanism we must inform our friends, that as far back as 1865 a split had occurred in the Congregation, when some 10 adults (Report 1865 p. 48 ff.), who had incited the Church to revolt against its Missionaries and Church-Elders, were put under discipline. They first threatened to call a Jesuit Padre from Dharwar to establish a rival Mission, and after some time put the threat into execution. He came and paraded the streets, cross in hand, proclaiming himself as the right Christian teacher. A challenge of a public disputation he rejected. Although the seceders did not join him immediately (Report 1866, p. 49), they gradually formed into a small body. Since then persons, who disliked Church-discipline not only tried to in timidate us, but left us from time to time. They now muster about 40. Also this year a Jesuit Padre came to receive some persons, who had been disciplined, and tried to increase his flock by hook and crook. Pompous demonstrations to attract, and alarming rumours to intimidate the weak were got up. The rumours consisted in -unbounded boasts, that the Romish Church was gaining ground everywhere, that His Royal High ness, the Prince of Wales, had become Roman Catholic, that Protestant Missionaries will have to flee and Evangelical Christians to suffer persecution. The visit ended with a pom pous marriage procession, and when he left, the heathens said: “It seems that new Gods have been set forth”. Let us turn now to a more cheerful picture, and behold the wondrous workings of our God, which are calculated to encourage drooping hearts. Mr. Warth writes: The Christians of the Mother-station, Out-stations and several other villages, to the number of 350, had united on the 23rd of Sep tember to celebrate a Mission Festival. Our Christians entertained joyfully the guests, and some even regretted, that they could not do 53
more. In connexion with this festivity an old Shastri, Moradiyappa, was baptized. He was born 1823 near Surapur in Nizam, as a Lingaite, his father keeping a shop for victuals. When young, he visited the school of a Lingaite priest, when older, he conversed with priests and Gurus of his sect. He carried on a small trade, was weaving tents, and made native sweetmeats. The older he got, the less he felt satisfied. He clung to different Gurus and passed through various phases, as Lingaite, Puranist, Shakteya worshipper, Vedantist and Kalajnani. Emerging from the filth of the Shakteya, he became a Pantheist, presuming to be God. He then turned an Atheist, and in despair embraced the doctrine of the Kalajnanis, yet without receiving a ray of light. He attained to great fame as a Shastri, and had many disciples. As often as he taught the Shastras, however, he felt himself a cheat. About 5 years ago, shortly after the famine, a Missionary from Bellary visited the place where Moradiyappa was. He disputed; at last the Missionary said: a You know many Shastras no doubt, you should also read the Bible.” Dissatisfied, he left, but felt attracted by the quiet ways of the Missionary and especially the prayer offered up by him on a Sunday. Yet he could not muster courage to draw nigher. He got from a young Brahmin a number of Tracts, by which light began to flow in. He commenced to waver and sent a friend of his, to enquire further about the Christian religion. This man arrived at Guledgud, but instead of bringing him the information desired, he stayed and was baptized. Meanwhile Moradiyappa went to all the villages, the in habitants of which had looked up to him for guidance, to tell them that he had led them astray during the last 25 years. It was on one of our preaching tours we met him on his way to Guledgud. He received a course of solid instruction and on the day of his baptism told the Congregation his motives for the step he had taken. He detests the Shastras and delights in the sweetness of the Word of God. He was truly contrite and heartily ashamed on account of his aberrations. His wife and children have joined him, and promise to become Christians. » 54
There was yet another baptism: Venkata Swami, a Vaishnava Brahmin, born 1861 in Tirupati or Venkatagiri, was baptized on the 24th of December. His father, a priest of the Venkata Swami or monkey-god, sent him, when 7 years old, for seven years to the London Mission School at Bellary to learn Canarese chiefly, and also some English. After some further schooling in Tirupati he entered the Public Works Department, but left it, when he was transferred to a place, where he could not per form the ablutions in the way prescribed for a Brahmin. At that time he admired the life of a Sanyasi, fully convinced that such per sons have not only an odour of sanctity, but are really in close fellowship with God. To become a favourite with God, was hence forth the goal of his life. He set out for Shrirangapattana (Seringapatam) where the feast of the famous Ranganayaka or Vishnu was being celebrated, a god considered to change his shape thrice a day. After about a month his money was spent; till then he gave daily one Rupee to the officiating priest as a propitiatory present. In quest of more merit (punya) he wandered to the mysterious. temple of Jamakeshvara. The god there, it was said, lived in a dark cave, which could be approached only through a very narrow passage. After waiting for a whole day till his turn came, he crawled into a pitch-dark hole. Here he had neither the longed-for vision of the god, nor did the god show his approval by letting drop a fruit of the (Nirali) tree, standing before the temple, at his feet. He left disap pointed, and during 2 i years visited Tanjore, Kanjeepuram, Madura, Kumbhakonam, Hampe, Visupakshi, Benares, Pandarpur and other shrines, yet, although seeking for holiness, he met everywhere with vice and deceit. In Pandarpur especially, where he put up in the house of a Brahmin, who gave himself great airs, he was disap pointed. When he desired his host to show him the far-famed Vithoba god, that priest asserted, that except a meal for 20 priests was paid for, that was impossible. After he had squeezed out of him Rs. 2, he objected to show him the god, and when Venkata Swami returned to his quarters and demanded his bundle, he declared it had been stolen. The native official, to whom Venkata Swami 55
applied for help, declined investigating the case, but offered him a few Rupees to let the matter drop. More or less conscious that he persued after a shadow, he would yet not give up his ways, because a good deal of admiration was lavish ed on him by men. In all his wanderings, which extended from Madras to Bombay, he had opportunities to hear the Gospel preached by Evangelical Missionaries. Although they belonged to different Societies and spoke different tongues, yet their preaching was one, and tallied with what he had heard formerly at Bellary, and they all were in earnest about what they advocated. In Bijapur his admirers presented him with a horse to travel to Ratnagiri. On his way to that place he met with one of our Colporteurs, and when he learned that there were Missionaries and Christians in Guledgud, he put up in the temple of the monkey-god (Venkata Swami) there. Greatly revered and fawned upon as a peculiar saint, hailing from Venkatagiri, and bearing the very name of their god, he yet had the courage openly to converse with Christians and to show his interest in the Bible. Although he knew much, he still required light on many points. When he had fully satisfied his mind, he quietly broke caste and was baptized. He now desires to become a witness for Jesus. The Boys’ Orphanage was closed and the inmates (32 boys) were sent to the Orphanage in Bettigerry (7th February 1883). The Koshtapete Vernacular School has 42 heathen and 17 Christian boys and: The Parochial Girls’ School 18 girls. A Mixed Vernacular School was opened at Kardenhalli with 13 children. Preaching to the heathen. Messrs. Warth and E rnst, accom panied by native helpers, made three excursions: one as far as Bijapur, when about the .whole Kaladgi District was visited, another to the west as far as Kaladgi, and a third one via Badami and Nargund to Dharwar, the whole taking up 110 days. The Catechists and Evangelists among themselves had 56
175 days. A great many Tracts and Christian hooks were sold, which will hear fruit in due time. The visits to the Out- stations offered many opportunities to preach to the heathen; and Guledgud itself had its fair share. The brethren observe that, with the spread of education not only the ability to read and a spirit of enquiry increase, but also that many young men read and admire the books of H uxley and other freethinkers, and look down upon those, who believe and advocate revelation. They met with such in Bagalkot and other places. We are glad to notice on the other hand that our Mission aries often receive visits from inquiring heathen. Among these was a deputation from the N udi sect, headed by their Guru. We hope that something more than politeness and curiosity may have prompted these visits. III. MALABAR.
CANNANORE.
Out-Stations; ChovTa, Tah'parambu, Chiracal.
I. Clerical Part. Rev. J. Lauffer, in charge of the Station and Out-stations. Rev. J. Weismann, „ the Cannanore Congregation and Schools.
Native Pastor Rev. Abraham Mulil.
CatecMsts Charles Stocking, Nathanael Arukandan, Cornelius Hutten, Paul Sneham, Manasse Kuttakkal.— Abel Kattuparambu, Elias Nambi.
Colporteur Obed Sneham.
Christian Schoolmasters Tobias Zacharias, C. Vargeese, Benjamin Herman, Charles Gopalan, Abel Martin, David Gomer, Titus Padiath.
Heathen Schoolmasters Narayanan Pillay, K. Kannan, T. Raman, P. Kelappan, P. Kannan, K. Govindan, Mulil Peitel.
Mr. Weismann gave over charge of the Congregation in Chovva to Mr. Lauffer (2nd January 1883) and removed to Cannanore on account of School-work. The health of Mr. & Mrs. Hanhart suffered so much from the climate, that they have been obliged to return to Europe in March 1884. Their
8 58
loss will be much felt, especially that of Mr. Hanhart in itinerant preaching. The health of Mr. A. Mulil, Native Pastor, was so bad that his life was despaired of for the greater part of the year. The Congregation has increased from 616 to 625. One English and two Malayalam services are held on Sundays, and one Malayalam and one English service on week-days at Cannanore, besides the regular Vernacular Services at Chovva and at Taliparambu. We were sadly disappointed through the failure of a con version. Mr. Hanhart writes: Kalyáni, a daughter-in-law of the Svarüpa Panikar or astrologer to the Kolattiri or Chiracal Rajah, had long intended to become a Christian. As the compound, in which she was living, borders on the Mission-compound, she climbed over on the 29th of July with a bundle of clothes, assuring the Catechist that her husband would shortly arrive. She had scarcely been more than an hour in the Mission-house, when a motley crowd, armed with sticks and knives, trespassed into the Mission compound. Before our people were aware of the matter, a powerful man broke into the Mission-house, and took up the woman in spite of her resistance, followed by the old father-in-law, who beat her unmercifully till she fainted. She was thrown over the mud-wall. Two Adhikáris (Patels) came, not to assist, but to revile the Catechist, and to encourage the mob. A complaint was lodged in the Tahsildar’s Court. When the case came on for hearing on the 15th of August, Kalyáni was so well tutored and morally supported by her father-in-law, that she averred that she had washed certain clothes, and on her way home had called at the Catechist’s, who wanted to persuade her to embrace Christianity. It had, however, never been her intention to become a Christian; consequently she could not have been carried away by main force. Through this untrue statement our case broke down. The law-suit of the Chiracal Rajah concerning our Chovva settlement (see our Report of 1882, p. 53) was decided in our 59 favor. The Rajah has now appealed to the High Court of Madras. The Parochial School at Cannanore numbers 22 boys and 29 girls (51), and the one at Chôma 20 boys and 18 girls (38). The Anglo-Vernacular School at Cannanore, reopened on the 8th of January, numbers now 201 pupils, composed of the dif ferent Dravidian and Indian nationalities. Of these 30 are Christians. The Bible lessons are mostly listened to attentively. In the Mulil Vernacular School 78 children, of whom 18 are girls, receive instruction. The Vernacular School at Chalattu could not yet be reopened. All the Schools, the Chovva Parochial one excepted, are under Mr. Weismann’s management. Itinerancy. Mr. Hanhart feeling poorly, and two Native Assistants having been laid up for some time, not so much, as was desired, could be done. Mr. Hanhart spent 99, his Assis tants 371, and the itinerant preacher Nathanael 201 days in travelling. All the heathen festivals in Kadumberi, Orkâtteri, Kannâdiparambu, Pâyâvür, Pattuvam, Taliparambu, Madiyan- külagam and Nïlëshvaram were visited. A preaching excur sion as far as Kasargod was made, some Amshams (Mâganis) of the Chiracal and Cottayam Taluks were worked syste matically, and the weekly preaching in the bazaar and in the village of fishermen took place as in other years. Mr. Hanhart relates a case of consultation with evil spirits. In Châlôttu I and my companions came to the house of a Tiyan. There a young woman sat on the ground with a light in her hand, whilst some men of the Pulluva (snake-charmers’) caste beat the cover of a brass vessel with a piece of wood, singing a song with the refrain “0, divine virgin, come”. To judge from the plaintive voice, it was evidently an elegy. Some time ago the younger sister of the woman in question died suddenly, and now the spirit of that deceased woman was to come upon her sister, in order to make revelations
8 * 60 concerning the cause of her death and the state she was in.— Mr. Hanhart further finds, that Spiritism has taken a powerful hold on the educated classes here and there. Through how many phases of error will the people of India have to go, till they are convinced and believe in Christ for everlasting salvation! Yet there are hopeful signs, for instance, the higher castes listen gladly and attentively to the Word preached; the women of high and low castes are in great earnest to understand the Gospel, and some even show a knowledge of sin. When the Lord shall have removed the spiritual blindness of the heathen, they will inquire after God.
II. Industrial Part.
Mr. W. P . Schdnthal, in charge of the Weaving Establishment. Mr. F. Stierlen, „ • „ „
The Weaving Establishment, superintended by Messrs. Schon- thal and Stierlen, has been a great help, as it gives employ ment to a part of the Cannanore-Chovva Congregations.
TELLIC H ERRY.
Out-Stations: Anjarkandy, Kuttuparambu.
Rev. 8. Walter, in charge of the Congregation at Nettoor and Itinerancy. Rev. F. Matthissen, „ CongregationandSchoolsinTown. Rev. W. Dilger, „ Schools at Nettoor.
Native Pastor Rev. Paul Chandran. 61
Catechista Stephan Cliandran, Joh. Zacharias, Peter Arnon.— Jacob Kumaran, Joseph Markotan, Philipp Mackadan.
Colporteur Abel Mannan.
Christian Schoolmasters Simon Sandhi, Nathanael Simon, Jesuadian Vedamuttu, Paul Jesudasan, P. P. Theophil, Benjamin George, Nathanael Hermon, P. Satyarthi, Peter Hermon.
Christian Schoolmistress Phébe Jacobi.
Heathen SchoolmaBterB
P. Raman, b. a ., C. Raman, K. Bappu, T. Kanaran, L. K. Ramotti, E. Kunyappu, M. Raman Nayar, P. Krishna Nayar, P. Kannan, M. Kanaran, Kelan, Kannan, C. Kanaran.
Mr. IÀébendorfer had left in February 1883 to help in the Catechists’ Seminary at Mangalore for a short time, after which he embarked for Europe. Mr. Walter joined the Station in January 1884. The Tellicherry, Nettoor and Out-station Congregations number 403 against 414 of 1882, owing to change of residence of some Church-members. Anjarkandy has 36 souls against 42 of last year. We have been shocked to find that several male adults, who had declared that they were abstainers, were habitual drunk ards. They promised to reform; one, however, conceived the fatal idea, that opium might help him to give up drinking. This would be a falling out, as it were, of the frying pan into the fire. As regards our Congregations, we long to see more spirituality and consecration to the Lord. 62
We had the privilege of baptizing a young man, who had been converted in another Station. Mr. Dilger writes: Johannan Satyarthi Nambiyar was born in 18 60 some miles South of Chombala in a well-to-do large family. He lost his mother when very young. His maternal grandfather took him to his house and educated him. He visited several Schools, and in 1877 the High- School at Cannanore. The change of climate, however, brought about a dangerous disease. He recovered, and began a religious life according to his ancestral religion, trusting in God, delighting in the religious writings of the heathen and leading a moral life. In Tellicherry he studied in the High-School. The library of that School afforded nourishment to his awakening mind. Books on His tory, Natural history and Astronomy were swallowed indiscriminately. Overpowered by what he read, and seized by the fear of losing his personality by being absorbed one-day into the Deity, like a drop in the ocean, melancholy and disgust of the world took hold of him. Learning had now lost its charm for him. Not having found any thing for his heart in those English books ke read, he paid especial attention to the moral and philosophical sayings in native religious poetry, which be rehearsed daily for devotion’s sake. The corrupt morals of his countrymen, and the hypocritical self-righteousness of others, filled him with indignation. He thought himself superior, and was thus on the way to become a self-satisfied man. At that time he was prevailed upon to read for Matriculation. He went to the Mission School at Calicut, then in charge of Mr. Matthissen, and heard in the Bible lessons quite new things, by which means many of his doubts were solved. The New Testament was diligently searched, and in proportion as the Gospel light dawned, he found that Hinduism could not satisfy him any longer. He now began to worship the true God, instead of Vishnu. In 1880 he passed the Matriculation Examination. As his father had vowed a pilgrimage to the famous shrine at Palani in case of his succeeding, and as the priests were already at work in his house to keep off evil, and as further lustrations and other ceremonies had commenced, he thought he was bound to perform the pilgrimage. 63
When he heard the power of Subrahmanya praised so highly, he began to think that, although he and other gods were powerless to give salva tion, they still might have power in terrestrial things. He went to Palani. The hollowness of the ceremonies, the juggleries of the priests and other things, disgusted him so much, that he informed his people, that his faith in the Hindu mythology was shaken. He got a place as Grumasthan in the Munsif s Court at Coilandy. As he led a retired life, he was rediculed and despised. He con tinued reading the New Testament and Christian books. All along he felt that religiousness in itself was not enough, if it has no re lation to an object; and as this was only found in Christ, he decided upon his becoming a Christian. He went to Tellicherry, to which place his former teacher, Mr. Matthissen, had been transferred. After due course of instruction he was baptized. Preaching to the heathen was carried on as usual in the village of fishermen, the Out-stations, and during neighbouring festivals. As the educational work engages fully two men, we are glad, that Mr. Walter has been appointed to itinerant preaching. With reference to the Schools in Town we have to mention the following: The Anglo-Vernacular Parsi School has 272 pupils, of whom 28 are Christian boys. Teachers and pupils have exerted themselves and been on the whole successful. The Bible lessons, far from being a burden, give evidently pleasure to the generality of the students. The Brennen School, (spoken of in last year’s Report), has been given over by Government to the Municipality of Tellicherry. The School for fishermen’s children numbers 47, of whom 13 are girls. The Parochial Town-G-irls’ School has 11 girls and 2 boys on the roll. The Schools at Nettoor are as follow; 64
The Middle-School has 19 pupils, and a temporary P re paratory School 8 pupils; the latter being the boys selected from the abolished Orphanage. In the Middle-School those, who wish to qualify themselves as Catechists and Teachers, receive the necessary preliminary training. Of these one entered the Catechists’ Seminary in Mangalore and two the Training School. Mr. Dilger, accompanied by the Teachers and pupils, visited several heathen festivals in the neighbour hood. The Training School for Teachers has 9 pupils. Two young men, who have passed the Government Examination, have been employed as Teachers. Two had to be dismissed, being found unfit. Both took revenge, the one by impertinence and an other by attempting to hang himself. The Parochial School at Nettoor imparts instruction to 24 boys and 23 girls, making 47 in all. In the Sunday School 45 children come together. The Out-station Schools are: the Küttuparambu Vernacular School, superintended by Mr. Matthissm, with 42 boys, and the Anjarkandy Vernacular School under Mr. Dilger, with 4 girls, one of whom, and 28 boys, six of whom, are Christians. The Weaving carried on here is a branch-business of the Cannanore Weaving Establishment, in charge of Mr. Dilger and under the supervision of Mr. Schdnthal. The Congrega tion has for years been greatly benefitted by this industry. 65
CHOMBALA.
Out-Stations: Kandappankundu, Mahe, Muvaratu.
Rev. W. Schmolck, in chargc of the Station. Rev. C. Schaal, studying Malayalam.
CatecMsts Timothy Vengalan, Gabriel Pirachan, Tobias Chembankodan, Henry Menzel.—Johanan Puttenvidu, Abraham Para.
Christian Schoolmasters Silas Hanoch, Mose Ponon, Jacob Mulil, H. D’Cruz.
Christian Schoolmistresses Sara Mavattil, Katharine Mavattil, Maria Mathai, Eliza Chittayakam.
Heathen Schoolmasters Shankaran, Chanda Nayar.
Mr. Schaal arrived in November 1888 from Europe. We regret to lose, though temporarily, the services of Mr. Wagner, who had devoted his time to itinerancy. He left for Europe in March 1884. The Congregation on the Station and on the Out-stations Mahe and Muvaratu has increased by 34, numbering now 29G souls. This increase is due to the baptism of 7 heathen, and to 23 girl-boarders, sent from Calicut. Of the few old Church-members, who had come in 1847, one, a fisherman, P. Silas, has entered into his rest. The Lord removed the dross and made him to rejoice, that though his sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. “I do not ask for anything else, but the grace granted to the malefactor on the cross.” These were his farewell words to his Pastor.—The death-beds of some, who exercised a bad influence when in life, were surrounded by a gloom, which no a 66 heavenly ray dispersed. Among them was that of a Native Doctor, who despite exhortations used sorcery along with his medicines; he was seized by canker of the mouth and died suddenly. The Weaving Establishment, in charge of Mr. Schmolck, is a branch of the Cannanore Weaving Establishment, and as such is under Mr. Schonthal’s supervision. This industry is a boon to the Congregation. The Orphan Girls’ School has had an increase of 23 orphan girls from Calicut, where the Girls’ Boarding School was closed* They arrived on the 4th of January 1883. It numbers now 80 girls, two of whom are heathen. Of the inmates of the School several had been first Day-scholars and were baptized when they came to years of discretion. The children of the Parochial School, viz. 4 girls and 17 boys, receive their schooling in this institution. The School is worked by female teachers only, whose teaching was approved of at the last Examination. The Franco-Vernacular School at Make, in which Malayalam and French are taught, has improved in spite of opposition. There are now 108 boys, 11 of whom are Christians. Preaching of the Gospel to the heathen was taken up by M r. Wagner and the Catechists, as far as their duties and health permitted. Mr. Wagner had 212, and his Native Assis tants 755 days of itinerant preaching. The Gospel has been preached in the northern and the southern portion of the Kurumbranddu Taluq, so that, jungles excepted, that District has been thoroughly worked during the past two years. Mr. Wagner reports: We met with many encouraging cases, for instance, a high-caste Shüdra, who is in the habit of reading the Bible, advised a Brahmin inclined to dispute, to read the Bible and to judge for himself. The 67
Brahmin consented, and began to appreciate the Bible and Christ set forth therein.— An old Nayar woman, who had lost her children through death, and her property through family intrigues, after having heard the "Word preached, exclaimed: “As for me, I am forsaken by God and men. Will God take an interest in such an old good-for-nothing hag?”—The deportment of the people is be coming more friendly in proportion as they become acquainted with the Gospel. They vie with each other in putting us up for the night, or in offering us refreshments. The female portion have evinc ed a great desire to learn the tenets of the Gospel. Although the Marumakkattayam (or Aliyasantana) laws (= heritage in the female line), which allow Malayalam (and Tulu) women more personal liberty than that, which the higher castes enjoy, may account in part for this conduct; yet it must be acknowledged that it is God’s Spirit, who begins to stir them up. May the Lord of the harvest send forth labourers into the harvest.
CALICUT.
Out-Stations : Coilandy (Quilandy), Beypore.
I. Clerical Part. Rev. J. Knobloch, in charge of the Congregation & Parochial Schools. Rev. J. Frohnmeyer, „ „ High-School& Vernacular Schools. Rev. J. Jaus, „ „ Out-stations & Itinerant preaching.
Native Pastor Rev. Joseph Jacobi.
Catechists Jonas Padiattu, Isaac Laban Unneri, Paul Chittayagam, Jacob Heber, Timothy Parakandy.—Esau David. 9* 68
Christian Schoolmasters
Abraham, Jadayappan, G. T. Vurgese, b . a ., Isaac Mackadan, Thomas Puttenvittil, Moses Achat, Samuel Parakandy, Lazar Kallat, 0. Verki, Sam. Elias, Joshua Valiavalappm, Domingo Cabral.
Christian Schoolmistresses Bathsheba Kuttackal, Buth Mulil, Hannah Hoar.
Heathen Schoolmasters
U. Shankaran N ayar, b . a ., V. Kannan N ayanar, f . a ., Kunji Menon, Kandar Nayar, Keshavan Menon, P. Krishnan Kuruppu, S. C. Krishnan Menon, M. Govindan Menon, Venkatachalam Shastri, P. Kannan, Shangaran.
The Congregation lost 23 girls, when the Girls’ Orphanage was closed. Through baptism and access from other places the principal and subordinate Congregations increased by 6 only, numbering thus 842 souls. Of a larger number of Cate chumens only 14 were considered worthy of baptism. We have found, that adults must be so far advanced in their knowledge and faith, that we can deal with them as with responsible agents.—Among the Neophites were 3 lepers. When they were instructed, their guide Shantappa, a Canarese Christian leper, came along of his own accord to assist in making plain the instruction, in case of need. Great was their and our joy, when they were .baptized on the 23rd of January 1883. They attend Church regularly in a separate place, unmindful of the pains they have to endure when walking. They have a desire to grow in knowledge and read the Bible. When they meet with any passage, they do not understand, they come and ask about it. One of them has entered in to his rest. 69
We may mention also that a young Mohammedan, named Abdul Rahiman, came in May. He went to Mangalore, where he was instructed and baptized on the 20th of October, when he received the name of Abraham. He visited our Anglo- Vernacular School from 1868 to 1879, during which time he became well acquainted with the Gospel. He wished to join us in 1879, when we had to refuse him admittance, owing to his being a minor. For this attempt he was punished at home and sent to the Government School. When he became of age and found the decisive moment had come, he obeyed the dictates of his conscience. May he be faithful unto the end. Calicut being a town of some importance, we suffer under various difficulties. Christians from all quarters, impatient to break asunder the bands and to cast away from them the cords of order and discipline, congregate here; most of the efforts to reclaim them are scorned and rejected.—The tempt ations to, and the pleasures of vice such as a large town offers them, prove detrimental to the unwary. Many, although they see the precipice yawn under their feet, turn a deaf ear to the voice of entreaty and push back the arm stretched out to save them.—For some time a Tamil Protestant Mission has been working in the town, and such as hate instruction and shun a shepherd’s watchful eye, feel an inclination to join them.— We consider it a great draw-back to the healthy develop ment of a Church, that there are so many Christians, who after their baptism take a delight in migratory habits. It must be admitted, that the embracing of Christianity entails with many loss of home, relations, caste, friends etc., so that a feeling of loneliness may take possession of an otherwise steady individual, especially when he has a difficulty in earn ing his livelihood. On the other hand it must be acknowledged that some, though not all, oppose this inclination as they ought. More steadiness and settling in a place is a great desideratum. 70
The Out-station Coilandy is in charge of the Native Pastor, M r. J. Jacobi. The Congregation numbers 58 church-members, or 4 more than in 1882? Avarice and dissension have now and then interfered with their healthy spiritual growth. The Girls’ Orphanage has been abolished, and 23 girls have been transferred to Chombala. Mr. Knohloch reports: This School was opened by the late Mrs. Fritz (born Kcebele) in December 1845 and closed on the 3rd of January 1884, after an existence of nearly forty years. During that period between six to seven hundred girls had the privilege of being educated here. Most of them have become fit helpmates to their husbands, and mothers, able to bring up their children. Although the progress was very gradual, yet, when we look back upon the cumulative progress, we have reason to be thankful to God. At the same time we have to mention, that we had from time to time the great mortification of seeing some girls taking to bad courses, when it was not in our power either to prevent their fall, or to rescue them from misery. The Orphanage was closed with a touching occurrence. We had to send Bithia, a sick little girl, about seven and a half years old, to the Hospital. She had always been a kind of a pet on account of her gentle ways; on her death-bed, however, she became still dearer to us. The nearer her end drew, the livelier her faith became. She evinced much pleasure in prayer, and joyfully assured us, that Jesus loved her and that she loved Jesus— and, “Sir”, she observed shortly before her departure to Mr. Knobloch, “I am so happy, that lam one of Jesus’ lambs”. As long as the Girls’ Orphanage existed, the girls of the Congregation visited it as Day-scholars. Since it has been closed, a new building for the Parochial Girls’ School has been erected. It was opened on the 27th of May, and has 94 girls, divided into four classes. In spite of a number of less gifted girls, the School has earned a good Grant. There is also a class of five girls, who qualify themselves 71
as Schoolmistresses. Two of these have passed the prescribed tests. The Infants’ School has 15 boys and 18 girls, or 33 in all. The Mixed Vernacular School at Coilandy was in a prosperous state till the conversion of a young woman, who learned the Gospel through her intercourse with Christian women. As she remained firm, heathen parents feared to send their children, lest they should become alienated from their ances tral religion. Besides this, 3 rival schools were opened. Owing to these occurrences the number of pupils sank from 84 to 60. Of these 13 are Christians (7 boys and 6 girls) and 47 are heathen (45 boys and 2 girls). The High-School is under the care of Mr. Frohnmeyer, as sisted by a staff of 17 Teachers, eight of whom are Christians. There are 73 students in the High-School, 150 pupils in the Middle-School and 186 in the P rim ary School, or 409 in all. This is the result of a natural and steady increase. The Primary School, which for some years had been ac commodated in an unsightly shed, has been removed into the building, hitherto occupied by the Girls’ Orphanage, The High-School and Middle-School are placed under the Salary-grant system, whereas the Primary School enjoys the Results-grant system. All the three divisions made good progress, and the number of passed candidates is satisfactory. As regards Biblical instruction, care is taken to adapt the teaching to the ability of the pupils, each class having its separate lessons. A spirit of enquiry is fostered, questions are answered, doubts cleared up and objections refuted. It is with much concern we report, that drunkenness is spreading among students at Calicut. Last year one had to be dismissed, and since then our pupils fear detection. After an interval of four years we had an examina tion and a distribution of prizes, kindly presided over by 72
A. Oalton Esquire, m. c . s ., the Collector of Malabar. A library of standard books for the use of Masters and scholars, and a good apparatus for physical training are greatly needed for the prosperity of the School. The Hindu-G-irls’ School at Chalapuram, in charge of Mrs. Frohmneyer, has 17 heathen girls. Owing to small-pox, the examination was postponed till December 1883. The Vernacular School at Putiyangadi, formerly in charge of M r. Jaus, is now under Mr. Frohmneyer. It is attended by 65 heathen boys and 5 heathen girls, or 70 in all. The pro gress made is satisfactory. Lastly we have to mention two Sunday-Schools, one in Town, with 15 Christian children, and the other in Putiyarakal, attended by 52 heathen adults and children. Preaching to the heathen has been carried on more syste matically, since Mr. Jaus can devote most of his time to this branch of labour. M r. Jaus reports as follows: I travelled 103 days. The Native Itinerant Preacher, P. Jonas, owing to sickness and three deaths in his family, could only spare 146 days. Taken altogether the Missionaries (122) and Native Assistants (389) spent 511 days in preaching. The work was carried on in the South of the Kurumbranadu Taluq, where Mr. Wagner and Catechists joined to help us for some time. It was also carried on in the Calicut Taluq; the Eranadu Taluq, how ever, got only a very small share. We try to reach the hearts of the people by preaching at heathen festivals, markets and in bazaars, by friendly conversations in house-visits and through portions of Scriptures and Tracts, which we, as well as our Colporteurs, take pains to diffuse. As regards heathen festivals, we find that the more they are deprived of their religious character, the more turbulent and noisy is the crowd, which collects. In Coilandy-Collam one, and in Kirur two opposition preachers, students of Sanskrit, were competing with us for the attention of the people; the former by scoffing at, and grossly misrepresenting Christianity, the latter two by discharging volleys 73 of raillery and jest, till they -were tired of doing so. InKannanshery some bought cheap tracts, apparently with pleasure, which they tore be fore our eyes, whilst we were preaching. More cheering it is to preach on weekly markets, but the most satisfactory work is being done during our visits from house to house. About 7 to 8 miles East of Calicut we were well received. Fever, small-pox and other sicknesses had softened the hearts of the people, so that they listened reverently. Many women, well up in their own Shastras, expressed an earnest desire to know the Gospel. Our host, who bad received us with much joy, was presented with a Bible. He studies now the Scriptures. An old sickly Nayar, after having heard our message, blessed us saying: “May God prosper you.” He considered, however, the mere hearing of our words so meritorious, as to blot out his sins. He parted from us, giving us the advice to preach throughout the country, when a reformation would take place. Quite different was our reception about 10 miles North-east of Calicut, where people had not seen a Missionary for several years. They were actually afraid of us, and idle mischief-makers did what they could, to keep up the excitement. The priest of a Bhadrakali temple, for instance, fabricated lies calculated to strike terror into the hearts of the already frightened villagers, to the effect, that we had come to kidnap women and girls, and were committing other horrible crimes. The consequence was, that some of them shut up their families in their houses, and received us at the hedges or mud-walls of their compounds. “What sins must these men have committed in a former birth”, some exclaimed, “that they are doomed to walk about in the heat of the sun, to atone for their sins!” We stayed twelve days. Gradually the suspicion, aversion, and even the bitter spirit disappeared, so as to enable us to tell our hearers the aim of our coming.
16 74
II. Industrial and Mercantile Part.
Mr. Th. Elsasser, M.M-Branch and Weaving Establishment. Mr. C. Feuchter, Tile-Works, Arackal. Mr. E . G. Halbrock, Mercantile Mission-Branch. Mr. G. Benner, Carpenter’s Establishment. Mr. J. Fieg, Mercantile Mission-Branch. Mr. & Mrs. Ostermeyer, not feeling much benefitted by their stay at Bangalore, left for Europe early in 1884. The Mercantile, Weaving, Tiling and Carpenter’s Establish ments, carried on by the above Brethren, are a most welcome help to the Congregation, of which 180 persons find employ ment. The Carpentry has 12 apprentices, two of them being heathen. Some of our Lay Missionaries have assisted us in our work among the Christians and heathen.
CODACAL.
Out-StatioilS : Parappery, Malapuram, Mauchery, Nilambur.
Rev. G. Kiihnle.
Catechists David Teikandi, Esra Arunajalam, Joseph Taddai.
Colporteur Timothy Spadikam.
Christian Schoolmasters Theophil Shankaran, Caleb Appayan, Methusalah Peter, Mark K uttikan, Samuel Cabral. 75
The Congregation has had an increase of 22 souls, and numbers now 376. Of these 238 live in Codacal, 99 in Parap- pery, 20 in Malapuram, 11 in Manchery and 8 in Nilambur. The above access is due partly to the baptism of 13 heathen (5 adults and 8 children), partly to an excess of births over deaths and other causes. The newly baptized belong to two families. Mr. Kiihnle characterizes them as follows: In one of these families the wife took the lead. Sickness and starvation had ripened in her the resolution to join us. When she presented herself with her children, famished and sickly, and asked for admittance, we had not the courage to send her away. Her hus band has since joined her. The woman rejoiced us both through her rapid progress in knowledge, and her genuine desire of hearing the Bible read to her. From all we see, we hope that we will not be disappointed. There is, however, another family, where the man has been the prime mover. Although he is in humbler circumstances, his story will offer some points of interest. Karuppan belongs to the Tlyan or Toddy-drawer caste. He was born near Codacal, where he had heard the Word of God for many a year in his own house, on markets, and in the Church. The quarrel and noise, ensuing at the burial of one of his friends, disgust ed him so much, that he purposed becoming a Christian. When the effects of the famine made themselves felt, he went to the Wynaad in 1877 to earn his livelihood as sawyer. He returned with a good sum of money, but also with a mind considerably estranged from God, living more after the manner of the heathen than before. About that time he was falsely accused of being privy to a cattle lifting party. When in prison his conscience awoke, accused him of the bad life he had led in the Wynaad, and blamed him for his keeping aloof from the Christians. He resolved to confess Christ. When? however, he was found guiltless and released, the outward relief made him forget his vow till a dangerous disease, which laid him prostrate for three months, roused him up again. Given up by the Hakims, and
10* 76 scourged by his conscience, he felt damned by the law and most miserable. He began to cry to God from his heart, but no answer nor relief was granted, on the contrary the sickness made head. In this extremity he called for one of the Catechists. When he had come, he felt nearly too weak to state his case. The Catechist prayed with him. The Lord heard his petition and blessed the means employed for his recovery. He was baptized on Whitsunday with his wife and four children. He gives us the impression, that he is a steady and a reformed character. Concerning the spiritual state of this Congregation we are glad to acknowledge, that there are some who prosper, whereas again there are others, who betray that they labour and are heavy laden and have not yet found rest. Of these we have reason to fear, that some unconfessed and unpardoned sin weighs still heavy on their minds. The means of livelihood are very scanty. We are there fore thankful that the Weaving Establishment has been enlarged, and can employ more hands than before. It is a branch- business of the Weaving Establishment at Calicut and under the supervision of Mr. Elsasser. The Parochial School has 27 Christian girls, and 20 Christian and 3 heathen boys, making 50 in all. This being a rural district, it is difficult to get the school-fees and to secure regular attendance. Taken altogether, Teachers and pupils have done well. The Boys’ Orphanage at Parappêry has been enlarged to accommodate better the boys, sent the previous year from the Tellicherry Orphanage. There are now 29 Christian and 3 heathen boys. Beside these, 3 Christian and 2 heathen boys and 6 Christian girls attend as Day-scholars, making 43 in all. Some of these orphans, when we take them on, especially when heathen, are so neglected, stunted and emaciated, that, despite careful nursing and medical attendance, they do not 77 improve but succumb at last. It is thus we lost three boys through death. The boys have not only learned well in the School, but also been diligent in cultivating palm-trees, rice, ginger and other produce. Owing to building and other secular business, M r. Kuhnle was prevented from taking his usual share in preaching to the heathen. The Catechists Esra and Joseph were travelling in the Eranadu and Ponnani Taluqs.
PALGHAUT.
Out-Stationsi Wadaokenohery, Panayur, Kannani, Kinannur.
Rev. A. Ruhland, in charge of the Out-stations and Itinerancy. Rev. H. Bachmann, „ „ Congregation and Schools at Palghaut. Catechists Jacob Chammanchery, Antony Paul Velliatingara, Cyprian Arunajalam, Christian Kottai, Stephan Kallat.—Abraham Arangadan.
Colporteur Shem Teckil.
Christian Schoolmasters Immanuel Ittirarichan, David Padiattu, Christian Paranjoti, Abraham Vasishthan, Paul Kallarickal, Hiskia Asharivalappil, Benjamin Kirakinittam.
Christian Schoolmistress Deborah Oli.
Heathen Schoolmasters Ranga Ayar, Tiachan Nayar, Karuppan Panickar. 78
Mr. & Mrs. Ruhland went for three months for a change to the Hills. The Out-station K aruvapara has been given up, and the Mission property there sold in February 1883. The Congregation, in spite of 8 baptisms of heathen, has only increased by one, and amounts now to 151 souls. Of these 95 live in Palghaut, 38 in Wadackenchery, 12 in Panayur, 4 in Kannani, and 2 in Kinannur. We regret to have to men tion, that our former Colporteur left us clandestinely without paying a debt he owed for books, amounting to Rs. 100. To judge from a letter to Mr. Ruhland, he had given so much on credit, that he could not see how to recover the amount. About the baptism of a Brahmin youth Mr. Ruhland w rites: A young Brahmin from Trichoor was baptized last July. Two months later, feeling home-sick, having been enticed by his family, and having been offended by the walk of some Church-members, he left us secretly. lie went to his sister in Trichinopoly. When his relatives there saw, that he remained firm, they shut him up. He made use of a ruse and escaped to Palamcottah, where the Church- Missionaries helped him to return to Palghaut. He has entered the Tellicherry Preparatory School, where he will, it is hoped, be come gradually reconciled to his new surroundings. The Anglo-Vernacular School has 82 boys, 2 being Chris tians, divided into three classes. The Parochial School has 5 Christian and 12 heathen boys, and 8 Christian girls and 1 heathen girl. This School will be in future a sub-division of the Anglo-Vernacular School. The Hindu Girls’ School has 7 heathen girls, 1 Christian girl, and 4 heathen boys. Owing to the present unfavourable locality, it is intended to remove this School into the Mission- compound, and to join the Christian and heathen girls into one separate School, which will be considered a branch of the Parochial one. 79
The Vernacular School in Kannani had, on account of small pox, to be closed for six months. This long interruption made it impossible to master the subjects laid down for the different Standards and consequently prevented our presenting this School for the Examination. It musters 44 heathen boys and 1 Christian and 2 heathen girls, or 47 in all. The Vernacular School in Wadackenchery too has suffered from small-pox. Although it was closed only for 3 months, the number of pupils has gone down from 40 to 15, and it will take some time before they return. The Vernacular School in Panayur has one Christian and 44 heathen boys, and 2 Christian and 3 heathen girls, or 50 in all. The progress made was favourable. The Catechist’s wife gave sewing-lessons to the girls. Itinerancy. This most important branch of evangelizing the heathen multitude has received much attention this year. Mr. JRuhland spent 76, Mr. Bachmann 33, the Native Itiner ant Preacher 236, Abraham 161, Christian 126, Cypriyan 119, Antony 70, Stephan 67, and Church-members 2, or in all 890 days in itinerant preaching. Mr. Buhland reports as follows: To the Palghaut Taluq with 342,454 inhabitants we devoted 591 days; for the more distant Valluvanádu Taluq with 308,102 in habitants we could only spare 109 days; whereas the Chittoor District, belonging to the Rajah of Cochin, being contiguous to Palghaut, re ceived 149 days. The Ponnani Taluq came in for a share of 41 days. All along we have tried to systematically cultivate the dif ferent portions of the field before us. For this reason markets and heathen festivals, except those of more importance, were only visited when convenient. Thus the heathen festivals in Kalpatti, Kudumbu, Koduváyur and Putusheri, and the markets at Palghaut, Elapullipára, Chittoor, Karuvapara, Pálatulli, Putunagaram, Yalen- ghy, Wadackenchery and Alattur were visited. 80
During the past year we came across different kinds of peoplo. "We found heathen Schoolmasters, in whose schools the Gospels and other portions of Scripture are the Readers. Among intelligent men we met such, as tried hard to identify Christ with Yishnu’s avatar as Krishna. Others demand of us to accept their Gods along with Christ. A large number wish us to relent in our demand of their publicly confessing Christ, pretending it was enough to ac knowledge Christ’s priority and supremacy in one’s heart. At any rate the service of Demons as well as of the Ancestors, Atheism and Materialism, and various other shapes of superstition, are no mean enemies to contend with. Christ, who has led captivity captive, will overcome also those enemies. IV. NILGIRI.
KAITY.
Out-Stution i Nerkambe, Kateri, Adhikarhatti, Tuneri, Hanikore, Manihatti, Nunjanad, Sholur.
Rev. P. Milllef, Educational work. Rev. W. Stokes, Itinerancy.
Catechists John Philip.—Silas Shanta, Isaac Nerkambe.
Christian Schoolmasters Johan Nerkambe, Salomo Beer a, David Solomon.
Christian Schoolmistress Ruth.
Heathen Schoolmasters Nandi, Konga, Chinnappan, Anandappan, Ratna.
The Congregations in K a ity and Nerkambe have had a slight increase owing to the baptism of heathen. The former numbers 47 against 42, the latter 29 against 22 in 1882. Among the accessions from heathenism is Metta (now M atthaya) with family, who followed the example of his daughter H ui (Report 1882, p. 71). Lakshma, the father of H ui’s bridegroom, when he saw he could not obtain the “restitution of conjugal rights," sued M etta for Rs. 350, for marriage expenses. The case was decided against Metta in all instances, which put him to great inconvenience. The consequences of the painful occurrences, mentioned in our last Report, made themselves felt this year also. li 82
Itinerancy. Mr. Stokes visited the Badaga villages and plantations on the Western part of the Nilgiris, devoting 122 days to preaching. Evangelists Silas and Isaac accompani ed him. The latter received the blessing as Evangelist at Cali cut; he spent 165 days in the district. Mr. Stokes reports: From Manihatti several well-to-do Badaga farmers had gone to the Tamil and Mysore countries, to see the principal towns there. They brought with them small-pox and, at the same time, an idol representing Bhadrakali, the Goddess of small-pox, (called also Tai=mother, who has 6 sisters). Of late several temples have been built to the Goddess. We accepted an invitation of Mr. Eermelinh to assist him at a Manemele, which lasted from the 13th to the 17th of February 1883. We went there with our three Native Helpers. This festival is regarded as a kind of All-Souls’-day. What is wanting in the bliss of those, who died within the last 20 to 30 years, is said, will be brought about by this meeting, How, I fail to see; for there is no religious element whatever perceptible, the whole transaction in reality consist ing only in buying and selling, gambling, drinking, eating sweetmeats and so on. Perhaps a collection of money, part of which goes to the Maniyagaras or elders of the different villages, interested in such a festivity, forms the chief part. In Kodumudi, some Badagas tending their cattle invited us for a friendly conversation, a thing which seldom happens. When I came to a Toda Mand or village, I found men, women and children lying down and sleeping after their morning-meal. This hereditary dislike to work, their beggarly habits, the degradation of the females, the drunkenness which increases year by year, with the women as well as with the men, and other vices, will lead slowly but surely to the extinction of the Todas. Concerning the School-work done at this Station, we men tion first the Orphanage for Boys, which affords accommodation to 17 orphans. It is with much pleasure we state that desertion, formerly so fashionable, has disappeared; nay more, 83
the boys become attached to their home. They grow their Vegetables, and wash their own clothes by means of a wash ing-machine. Of the children belonging to the Congregation 3 girls, and 15 boys of the surrounding heathen, attended as Day-scho- lars. Owing to the conversion of two Badaga young men in February 1883, many heathen boys were kept at home. There is also a Sunday School in which 28 children, 8 of whom are heathen boys, meet every Sunday. We have now eight Vernacular Schools for Badaga Boys. Those in Kaity visit the Orphanage there as Day-scholars. The other seven Schools are as follow: Katéri (18), Adhi kárhatti (18), Tünéri (22), Hanikore (18), Manihatti (23), Nanjanád (20), Sh51ür (21), or 150 in all. At Sholür a School was opened this year, accompanied with the usual difficulties. These are Day-Schools; some serve also as Night-Schools. The distance from head-quarters is from 3 to 14 miles. Besides, a Catechist visits these Schools regularly. M r. Müller devot ed 90 days to repeated school-inspections. During the year he collected the different teachers for instruction to qualify them better for their work. There were 10 monthly meetings and a general yearly meeting for that purpose. Mr. Müller reports further: We had two additional Schools opened, the one at Adhikárhatti on the 23rd of May, and the other at Manihatti on the 20th of August this year. The School-houses had been built by the Badagas them selves. In Adhikárhatti a room above a stable for calves, with a “Tola” behind, had been used. A “Tola” is a circumvallation, where the cattle is kept during the night. As it is cleansed but seldom, the exhalation is very bad for the children. In addition to this discomfort the building was destroyed by heavy rains. The School had to be transferred to a dark cow-stable; but teacher and children
11* 84 getting unwell, we had to give it up. A substantial, airy and light some School-house, built by the Maniyagara, was therefore welcom ed by all concerned. In Manihatti a School has been built near our halting place for the night at Woderu. At the opening of the School about 200 Ba_ daga women had collected, when a Miss Groom, then of tbe Punrooty, now of the Cuddalore Mission, sang in concert with the Tamil Tea chers some Tamil hymns in native metre and music, about the name of Jesus, explaining them afterwards in simple language; the women especially were listening with breathless attention.
KOTARGIRI.
Out-Stations: Kodanad, Kannerimuku, Naduhatti.
Rev. J. Hermelink.
Catechist Jacob Kanaka.
Christian Schoolmasters Gnanapragasam, Simon Bala, Jacob Samuel.
Christian Schoolmistress Rfioda.
Heathen Schoolmaster Chivana.
The Congregations at K otargiri and Kodanad amount this year to 142 against 151 last year, owing to some church- memhers having changed their place of residence. Sunday and weekly services were regularly held at Kotargiri in Canarese and Tamil. K odm ad, however, was visited only 85 every three weeks, when also the coolies of the large tea- plantations received a share of our ministry. In the past year a young Badaga joined this little Church. Mr. Hermelink gives the following description of his con version : Hiria, the son of one of the richest and most influential men in the neighbourhood of Milidane, joined us on the 4th of August. His relations, having got a hint of his intention, waylaid him near our compound. He barely escaped from their hands, and the door of the house being closed at the time, he jumped in at an open window, ex claiming: “Grive me shelter! I am pursued.” I had scarcely time to show him into a small room, when a large crowd pressed into our dining-room, the women screaming, tearing their hair and beating their breasts. As the numbers and their boisterousness increased, I sent for the Police. Instead of getting, however, any help, the Head-Con- stable showed some scrap of paper, which he pretended was a com plaint, charging Hiria with the abstraction of money and jewels, and asking me to deliver him up. I was on the point of telegraphing to the Superintendent of Police in Ootacamund, when the Head-Constable showed himself satisfied with taking the deposition of the young man. The next day, Sunday, there was a large concourse of men and women, Hiria’s two grandmothers, his mother, mother-in-law, wife and child, and many other relations, about 500 in number. An English gentleman, a friend of ours, helped me to pacify them and to send them home, thus enabling us to hold Divine Service. The ensu ing week Hiria was beset daily by the most pressing invitations, ac companied by cajolings and threatenings, tears and other signs of grief. He stood firm, but was in danger of becoming weak through the influence of the bad example of a young friend. The same had set out with him to embrace Christianity, yet he could not withstand the entreaties of his family, but left us and was received back into his caste again. As Hiria had a good scriptural knowledge, he was baptized on the 12th of August, on which day not a single Badaga came to our place of worship. 86
The spiritual life in Joseph Hiria began whilst he visited Misa Coclcburn’s school, where the Rev. Mr. Biihrer gave Bible Lessons. Hi§ parents did not like him to take pleasure in reading the Bible. To counteract it, they sent him to a school without religious instruc tion, and got him married when quite young. He returned, however, again to our School at Kotargiri to learn Canarese. He hath forsaken much for Chrisfs sake. May he take comfort in Luke 18. 29-30: “Verily I say unto yon, There is no man that hath left house, or parents, or brethren, or wife, or children, for the king dom of God’s sake, who shall not receive manifold more in this present time, and in the world to come life everlasting.” The Orphanage for G-irls has gone down from 17 to 12, three having been claimed by their guardians and two running off. The example set by the latter gave rise to a spirit of insub ordination, several girls, when punished, threatening to run off too. A girl, chastised for opening and eating things on the sly and lying, ran off. She was brought back since by the Police. The former spirit of order seems to have returned. In connexion with this Orphanage there is a Day-School attended by 20 heathen and 18 Christian boys, and 1 heathen and 6 Christian girls, making 57 in all. Owing to the above men tioned conversion, all the Badaga boys, about twenty, left us. Concerning the Vernacular Schools for Badaga Boys we have to observe, that since H iria joined us, the Badagas are afraid of sending their children to any school, be it even under Govern ment, declaring that, as they fared pretty well without a school in their day, their children might do so also. As regards the Kannerimuku School, we were at one time afraid of having to close it temporarily, owing to the general excitement. It has 15 boys. Thè School in Naduhatti? with 19 boys, had a quiet time. There are some sensible Badagas, who take an interest in education and built a substantial School-house (see Report 87
1882, p. 75). Shortly after Hiria’s conversion they invited us to come with our Christian children and Native Assistants to have a public festivity for the opening of the new building. There are now three Day-Schools in Kotargiri, Kanneri- muku and Naduhatti, and four Night-Schools in Sullugudu, Gundhada, Kannerimuku and Naduhatti. Itinerancy. Mr. Hermelink, accompanied by the Catechist, has devoted 130 days to visiting the Badaga villages on the Eastern part of the Nilgiris. He observes, that since the last conversion, the Badagas are more reserved and disinclined to listen to our message. Oh, that they would know the things, which belong to their peace! 88
Obituary.
During the past year two retired Indian Missionaries have been called by the Lord to their rest.
David Pelicien Sauvain was born at Grandval, Canton Bern, in Switzerland on the 26th of December 1829. He studied in the Mission-house at Basel from 1848 to 1854, and landed at Mangalore on the 6th of January 1855. Originally appointed for Cannanore, he was sent on to Calicut to assist Mr. Fritz after Mr. Huber had de parted for Europe. In February 1859 he was transferred to Tellicherry to assist in the newly opened English School, and in 1857, after having been married to a Miss Kegler, he removed to Chiracal, near Cannanore, in order to take charge of the Girls’ Orphanage there. He and his family retired in September 1858 to Tellicherry for a change, and were afterwards stationed at Almanda in Coorg. From there he went for his health to the Hills, and after a stay of some months left for Europe. 'When his health was sufficiently re stored he set out for South-America, where he was Pastor in a colony of German settlers till 1874. After his return to his native country he worked as Pastor in French Switzerland, lastly in Bole, Canton of Neuchatel, where he died on the 23rd of May 1883. John Michael Pritz is one of the pioneers of our Mission. He was permitted to spend fo rty years of his life-time on the Mission- field. He was born on the 6th of June 1815 in Schiltigheim in the Alsace, which then belonged to France. In 1835 he entered the Mission-house at Basel, and after a study of 4^ years he proceeded to India, in October 1839, round the Cape, the Overland-route being then unknown. He reached Tellicherry in March 1840, where he had the benefit of studying Malayalam under Dr. GunderCs gui dance, and of being gradually inured to the charge of the Boys’ Orphanage and the superintendence of the Vernacular Schools. On the 13th of May 1842 he left Tellicherry to establish the Mission at Calicut. 89
After his arrival he directed his attention first to preaching and to school-work among the heathen population. He further collected the Evangelical Tamil Christians, who were quite left to themselves, for Divine Service, and ministered also to the spiritual wants of the English community, who had then no other locality for meeting but the Cutcherry. He met with much sympathy in his work among the
Gentry. Foremost was the Collector H. V. Conolly Esq., m . c . s ., who not only supplied him with the means to work a number of Ver nacular Schools with upwards of 200 pupils, but who, in order to better the condition of the Ivayadis, a caste of “beggars by birth and trade”, had them collected atCodacal, 32 miles South of Calicut into a colony, and in 1843 gave to the Mission, for the purpose of forming them into an agricultural colony, a large piece of waste land with a few rice-fields. In 1844, the conversion of an astrologer (Kanishan or Panikar) with his wife caused a stir among the heathen. Mr. Fritz was married 1845 at Mangalore to Miss Marg. Julie Koebele, who shortly after her arrival in Calicut opened in December an Orphanage for Girls. (This institution was begun with seven girls and after having educat ed between 600 and 700 orphans, was closed on the 1st of January 1883). Alms were distributed weekly to about 150 poor, “assembled to receive the charity of the residents” when they were made acquaint ed with the Gospel. As no caste is kept in our Churches, a number of Tamil Christians separated, but observes the Report, “we would not give place to their caste-prejudices”. The work kept on increasing. Several most pressing wants were felt. First there existed no Malayalam School-books. Then there being a number of Christians, who had left their caste, without the means of earning their livelihood, colonies for Christians seemed desirable. "With a view to accomplish this desire the colony at Coilandy-Collam, 19 miles isorth of Calicut, was begun. Concern ing the rising generation we read in the Report for 1846: “We intend to teach some of our boys and young men the trades of car penters and smiths, and a friend has suggested to us the plan of setting up a small paper-manufactory for the same purpose”. These 12 90
and similar thoughts kept working in his mind and resulted in his getting up, without much ado, a Weaving Establishment and a Carpentry between 1848 and 1850. We must, however, go back a few years. The number of orphan-girls having increased, he was obliged in 1847 to build an Orphanage. “Some friends of the Mission have very generously given us contributions for this School.” There was also a spiritual awakening in 1847, which spread from Cannanore and Tellicherry. A new spiritual life seemed to spring up in the Congregation. Also some Tamil families, who keep up caste, returned. “No peace, no truce with the spirit of caste! has been the watchword of the brethren” {Fritz and Huber), says the Report for 1849. In 1850 we find one Anglo-Vernacular and eleven Vernacular Schools, with 305 boys and 20 girls (Coilandy 4, Putiyangadi, 1 Elattur 1, Puttur 1, Calicut 3 Malayalam Schools and 1 Tamil School). The Náyádi settlement had been, however, a source of continual anxiety. In 1850, our brother had to report: “The Náyádi colony at Codacal has suddenly come to an end through Mussulman pro- selytism. The colony is now deserted, but will be taken possession of by some families from Calicut, when it may please the Lord to make the colony a blessing to the neighbourhood. Hitherto it has been shunned as the abode of the Nayádis.” (This prayer was fulfilled.) In 1852 for the first time forty souls were added to the Congre gation in one year. Many being poor, the Report remarks that “the fields at Codacal and Coilandy provide occupation for the indigent.” As regards the sentiment of some sections.of the population, the Re port continues that “Public preaching in the streets of Calicut is ren dered almost impossible from the fanaticism of the Mappilas. The Brethren, therefore preach chiefly in the School-houses.” “Nayar boys left our Anglo-Vernacular School, because they would not read the Bible.” In 1854 he was deeply afflicted to lose his only son by croup, (on the 19th of March), and in 1855, greatly shocked when on his way home from a visit to an Out-station, he saw the mauled form of the late Mr. Conolly, a friend of the people and a benefactor to the 91
Mission. He was assassinated on the 11th of September. Mr. Fritz had to part with his fellow-labourer Mr. Huber, who was replaced by Mr. Sauvain. A church, “towards the building of which the Madras Government as well as private individuals have liberally contributed, was completed.” It was begun in 1854 and dedicated to Divine Service on the 20th of December 1855. In 1856 two lay-brethren arrived, Mr. Bosshard to take charge of the Agricultural Colony in Codacal, and Mr. Lauffer to superintend the Carpenters’ Work-Shop. The year of 1857 was most trying to him chiefly, owing to the death on the 20th of September of his wife, who had a truly Missionary spirit (Report 1857, p. 83), and on account of the precarious state of his health. In the same year Mr. Convert arrived to assist in the Clerical Department. Mr. Bosshard built a Mission-house at Codacal to superintend that colony. Mrs. Gundert and her daughter came in 1858 to take charge of the Orphanage. In 1859 the Anglo-Vernacular School was reopened. The num ber of vernacular pupils had dwindled down to 120. The Con gregation, however, numbered already 437 members and the Orphanage 59 girl-boarders. A short visit of Mr. Fritz to Vythery in 1858 gave him a fever, which a long stay on the Nilgiris could not overcome, so that he was obliged to leave for Europe early in 1860. Shortly after Mr. Shauffler arrived. We find the Weaving Establishment mentioned first in 1861 as employing 22 persons and producing several thousand yards of cloth. Mr. Fritz, after thoroughly recovering his health, was marfied in November 1861 to M'ss Sophia Emma Huck. He left in December the same year and arrived in March 1862 at Calicut, after more than two years’ absence. The same year Codacal became an independent Station. During the years 1859 to 1867 the Anglo-Vernacular School in its struggle with the .Government Provincial School experienced different degrees of success. It was closed in 1866 and reopened in 1867. The Vernacular Schools were closed in order to work them on a better plan.
1 2 * 92
In 1867 an internal storm threatened to split up the Congregation. A Church-member, accused of adultery, was acquitted by the Pres bytery. A party, taking umbrage, went to law and even appealed without bringing home the guilt. This was a source of great grief. At the end of September 1867 Mr. Fritz removed toCannanore. We find in the Report of that year 1867, p. 60: “ The most telling event upon this Station was the departure of Mr. Fritz, who was removed to Cannanore by order of the Committee. It was indeed painful to the Congregation, which had been gathered in by him, as well as to his follow-labourers, to see our aged and experienced brother, the Senior of our Malabar Mission and the founder of this Station (Calicut), taking up his travelling staff and leaving the place, where the Lord had during a quarter of a century richly blessed his labours, and which also was doubly endeared to him by the trials he had sustained, and by its being the resting- place of his dear ones.” It was natural that he should feel home-sick after his old field of labour. Whilst in Cannanore he superintended our Malabar District. Besides this he was also the President of our whole Indian Mission, and the Chairman of the Editing Committee of our Malabar Mission and of the Malayalam Bible Revision Committee. Already in 1876 there were signs admonishing our brother to retire. Had he done so, his life, humanly speaking, might have been prolonged. He preferred, however, to stay on, considering himself morally bound. A trial on the Hills to restore his health proved of no avail. Broken in body and mind he left India in March 1880, for Europe. He put up in Strassburg. *At first it seemed he would derive benefit from the climate, especially from walks-, but giddiness and fainting fits coming on more and more repeatedly, he had to keep at home. A stay at a cold water- bath and later on a change of air to Aubore in the Vosges in 1881 seemed to improve his sleep and appetite, bi\t his complaint, ossifi cation of the heart, made steady progress. In 1882 he had a fit of apoplexy, and shortly afterwards an attack of inflammation of the lungs. He recovered, but his right side was affected. 93
From that time he was nearly speechless. He led a sort of a dreamy life with occasional clear moments. It was most affecting to see the ruins of a former bright life. He had to keep mostly in bed, till the Lord released him at noon on the 8th of December 1883, aged 68 years and 6 months. We cannot look back, without pleasure, on the time when our dear Brother was in the prime of life. Apart from the influences he exercised on the Mission Stations at Calicut and Codacal, whose founder he was, we have to say a few words on his influence on the Mission of the Malabar District. His common sense and sobriety of judgment kept him from going beyond his depth and enier- ing into difficulties. His advice was appreciated and so well receiv ed. On account of his humility, earnestness and piety he was a pattern to his fellow-labourers and to the Native Church. He was especially gifted for pastoral work. Although he en couraged agriculture and industry to give more consistency to the Congregation, he at the same time led on his Church by gradual de grees to be self-reliant. He advocated this principle. He was dead against caste and the hair-lock, the badge of caste-keeping men. As Chairman of the Editing Committee, he took pains to have most of our Books and Tracts typographed and encouraged the editing of good Tracts. He leaves to the Church a few Hymns. Let this suffice. We praise G-od for having given us this labourer and for all He has helped him to do. “They that sow in tears shall reap in joy.” Conclusioi\
Before concluding this Report we beg to tender our warmest thanks to all the kind friends, who have directly or indirectly helped us on in our work, and we trust that they will still continue to give us their assistance and countenance as far as lies in their power. In conclusion, we praise the Lord for all His goodness and loving kind nesses, yea, for all the benefits and blessings known and unknown to us. May He purify His work from all dross, enable us more and more to perform His service and send more labourers into His vineyard. Above all we long to see the time when the Lord will pour out His Spirit upon all flesh, and when the isles will wait upon Him and trust in His arm. Amen. Expenditure of the Mission
during the year 1883.
E s. As. P. Personal Expenditure of Missionaries (exclusive of the Industrial and Mercantile Brethren) 67,846 6 5 Journeys and H om e-Passages...... 25,028 12 10 Munshis...... 1,503 0 3 Native Pastors, Catechists and Evangelists . . 22,615 5 7 Postage. ' ...... 1,075 8 6 L ib r a r ie s ...... 17810 0 Special R e l i e f ...... 159 8 0 Medical E x p e n s e s ...... 676 4 6 Schools, English and Vernacular .... 27,960 6 9 Orphanages, Boys’ and Girls’ ...... 14,201 10 9 Catechists’ and Preparandi-Schools . . . 9,835 10 7 Buildings, Repairs and R e n t s ...... 15,740 6 4 Purchases of C o m p o u n d s...... 612 5 0 Taxes and Agricultural Outlays .... 1,582 11 6 Publishing and Colportage Department . . 2,000 0 0 F u r n itu r e ...... 87915 9 Administration...... - . . 2,440 5 1
Total Es. 193,336 10 10
E. & O. E.
Mangalore, 31st December 1883. SUBSCRIPTIONS AND DONATIONS
TOWARDS THE MISSION FUND Received during the year 1883.
Rs. As. P. Rs. As. p . AT MANGALORE. Dr. Y. Carter 10 0 0 H on.11. S. Thom as, C alcutta 400 0 0 J. Hutton Esq. 5 0 0 Rev. Dr. H. Gundert, Calw 50 0 0 G. E. Pilcher Esq. 2 0 0 H. W. Graham Esq. 5 0 0 From the Estate o f the late J. R. Barfield Esq. 5 0 0 Dr. Williams 319 13 0 W. Mackinlay Esq. 5 0 0 Dr. Langley 5 0 0 Through the Rev. A Männer. F. Leuba Esq. 5 0 0 J. Sturrock Esq. 240 0 0 J. Macfarlane Esq. 5 0 0 J . 'W. Best Esq. 120 0 0 Dr. F. C. Barker 5 0 0 J. E. Boyd Esq. 60 0 0 Pikering Clark Esq. 5 0 0 L ieu t. W. C. S. ‘West 28 0 0 Col. W. T. Brown 5 0 0 W. Carroll Esq. 9 0 0 Honorable Mr. Justice F. S. Latham 10 0 0 Coiiected by the Rev. J . G. Deimler J. Mackintosh Esq. 5 0 0 Bombay. G. Gilder Esq. 2 0 0 N. Spencer Esq. 4 0 0 E. Bozzoni Esq. 5 0 0 A. C. Trevor Esq. 5 0 0 Lieut. Col. C. Blowers 5 0 0 F. Fischer Esq. 5 0 0 F. Rolland Esq. 10 0 0 C. Lowel Esq. 10 0 0 A. Bapty Esq. 10 0 0 E. C. Monod Esq. 5 0 0 J. Brandenburg Esq. 10 0 0 J. Neuberg Esq. 10 0 0 James Kingsmill Esq. 10 0 0 J. G. Hodgson Esq. 5 0 0 J. Juani Esq. 5 0 0 Major M. A. Rowlandson 5 0 0 Theodor Knaust Esq. 5 0 0 C. M acdonald Esq. 10 0 0 C. Macks Esq. 5 0 0 Major J. R. Sparks, p. c. 5 0 0 N. Richardson Esq. 5 0 0 Rev. J. G. Deimler 5 0 0 G. Reifferschied Esq. 5 0 0 Lieut. Col. G. Merewether 5 0 0 AT MERCARA. W. Brandis Esq. 5 0 0 E. Charpie Esq. 5 0 0 Col. W. Hill 36 0 0 James Mc.Donald Esq. 5 0 0 C. Soobiali Esq. 24 0 0 97
Rs. .As. p. Rs. As. P. Rev. G. Richter. 24 0 0 AT TELLICHERRY. W. Wright Esq. 24 0 0 A. Gover Esq. 20 0 0 E. Meynell Esq. 4 0 0 J. van Donof Hardings Esq. 21 0 0 T. W. Dickinson Esq. 10 0 0 AT CALICUT. Rev. A. Fennell 16 0 0 C. A. Galton Esq., c. s 30 0 0 Mrs. Lyall 30 0 0 P. C. Dinwiddie Esq. 6 0 0 Major H. W ylie 5 0 0 0. Eckelmann Esq. 50 0 0 F. H. Wilkinson Esq., c. s. 25 0 AT DHARWAR. 0 J. E. Moore Esq. 1 0 0 Capt. A. W. C. Bell 12 0 0 D. H. Cook Esq., u. n 20 0 0 Lady Thompson 80 0 0 C. I. Pudicombe Esq. 9 0 0 Col. Mander 12 0 0 C. Burrows Esq. 5 0 0 W. Lind Buyers Esq. 10 0 0 John Gilkison Esq. 1 0 0 W. A. Russell Esq. 5 0 0 G. H. Overbury Esq., c. s. 4 0 0 Major Nimmo 10 0 0 W. Logan Esq., c. s. 30 0 0 Dr. Cockell 9 0 0 A. W. Goslin Esq. 1 0 0 W. F. Lister Esq. 5 0 0 G. Robertson Esq. 5 0 0 AT PALGHAUT. J. R. Middleton Esq. 125 0 0 Y. A. Brodie Esq. 1(5 0 0 A. F. Ingle Esq. 11 0 0 H. 0. Robinson Esq. 18 0 0 W. S. Price Esq. 24 0 0 T. C. Elsworthy Esq. 11 0 0 W. Jukes Esq. 11 0 0 Mrs. J. Tomlinson 10 0 0 K. Laxton Esq. 10 0 0 AT KAITY. Miss Onslow 40 0 0 AT GULEDGUD. Collection at Coonoor G. H. Fletcher Esq.Dharwar 15 0 0 (Union Church) 48 8 9 Mrs. Breeks 50 0 0 AT CANNANORE Collection at Ooty (Union General L. W. Buck 24 0 0 Evangelical Hall) 37 0 0 Col. John W. Orr 34 0 0 Alex. Allan Esq. 25 0 0 Major L. W. Ranking 5 0 0 Dr. Griffith Evans 10 0 0 Major G. Simpson 12 0 0 The Lord Bishop of Madras 50 0 0 Major Fred. Smalley 6 0 0 A. G. 5 0 0 Mrs. E. T. Beatty 5 0 0 Mrs. Arundel 5 0 0 Capt. H. A. Tapp 9 0 0 Rev. W. Elwes 5 0 0 Lieut. A. C. M. Gompertz 23 0 0 W. C. Rhode Esq. 20 0 0 C. J. Pudicombe Esq. 59 1 6 John Hodges Esq. 5 0 0 Sergt. H. Webb 5 8 0 Mrs. Dawson 5 0 0 Apoth. Ernst Stocking 10 0 0 Mrs. G. Hamnet 5 0 0 For the Lighting of the Chapel. Mrs. Carmichael 10 0 0 Col. John W. Orr 14 0 0 His Excellency the Governor Lieut. A. C. M. Gompertz 15 0 0 of Madras 25 0 0 13 98
Rs. As. p. Rs. As. p. Lady Roberts 10 0 0 Collection received on be J. G. C. Herklots Esq. 5 0 0 half of Tati and Linga, G. Norris Groves Esq. 5 0 0 twoBadaga Converts on * Mrs. M. Hill 5 0 0 the 14th of May 94 11 3 Rev. J. M. Walker 10 0 0 J. G. C. 10 0 0 AT KOTARGIRI. Mrs. Hayne 25 0 0 Miss Cockburn 50 0 0 A widow’s mite 2 0 0 Mrs. D. Cockburn 30 0 0 Mrs. B. Darling- 2 0 0 Mrs. Johnstone 5 0 0 Robert Stanes Esq. 10 0 0 Mrs. Griffith 5 0 0 Mr. S. Antony 2 0 0 Mrs. Chalon 5 0 0 Thomas Stanes Esq. 100 0 0 W. C. Deane Esq. 25 0 0 J. Bell Esq. 25 0 0 F. J. Hill Esq. 15 0 0 Rev. J. Wilkinson 10 0 0 Ch. Hight Esq. 15 0 0 Rev. W. E. R. 5 0 0 J. W. Hawes Esq. 10 0 0
Donations from Members of the Congregations and other Native Friends.
Mangalore: i Mercara: Mr. W. G. Samuel, Post Members of the Congre master 24 0 o ; gation 15 12 Mr. T. Rama Rao 8 0 0 i Dharwar: Mr. Lucas Joshua 12 0 0 | Members of the Congre Mr. Thomas Pearl 6 0 0 gation 10 0 Mr. A. W. 1 2 o ! Hubly: Mr. A. J. 1 0 o ! Members of the Congre Mr. A. S. 1 0 0 1 gation 16 8 Beitigerry : Mulky: Members of the Congre 5 0 N. S . o ! gation 36 0 Udapy: Guledgud: Middle-Sohool Pie col lection 12 0 o I Mr. Swami Chimpigara 5 0 Boys of the Orphanage 10 0 0 1 Mr. Salome Bellagallu 6 0 Members of Shirwa Mr. P. Bellagallu 1 0 Congregation 15 3 4 ; Cannanore: Honoré: Workmen of the Weaving Mr. Jeremia Sona 0 8 0 ; Establishment 69 12 A friend 0 8 o ! Women’s Prayer Meeting 3 6 Maria Hebri 0 10 o ! Mr. Gottlieb Titus 5 0 99
Tellicherry : Es. As, P. Rs. As. P. Members of the Congre- Mr. I. Charley, Colporteur 1 0 0 gation 4 4 0 I Palghaut: Chombala: Members of the Congre Mr. Christian Wengalen 4 0 0 gation 7 0 0 Spooling "Women 3 2 5 Kotargiri: N. N. 3 0 0 Calicut: Mr. Samuel Mully 10 0 0 Mr. Daniel Bella S 8 0 Members of the Congre gation 22 4 0 Mr. J. M. Samuel, Writer 2 0 0 Collection at the Yearly Mr. Satyavasam 1 0 0 Mission Meeting 17 0 2 Mr. Isaac 1 0 0 Codacal: Mr. Christian Adjah 2 0 0 Mr. Francis, Overseer, j Mr. J. Kanaka, Catechist 1 0 0 Malapuram 12 0 0 \
Subscriptions and Donations for Schools, Orphanages and Famine Orphans.
DHARWAR. K. Laxton Esq. 10 0 0 A Friend 90 0 0 Sir Thomas Thompson 55 0 0 T. H. Barret Esq. 40 0 0 Major J. Hay 30 0 0 Dr. G. Bainbridge 6 0 0 Dr. Cockell 17 0 0 Capt. A. H. C. Bell 25 0 0 J. Fairlie Muir Esq. 35 0 0 W. A. Runell Esq. 5 0 0 Mr. Annaji Joisi 0 14 0 J. R. Middleton Esq. 125 0 0 Young Ladies at Basel 71 7 0 Col. Nimmo 10 0 0 BETTI GERRY. A. C. H. Jones Esq. 5 0 0 ioo W. F. Lord Esq. 5 0 0 G. Stephens Esq. 0 0 M. Kennedy Esq. 3 0 0 GULEDGUD. Dr. Henderson 5 0 0 J. F. Grant Esq., Bijapur 30 0 0 H. Watt Esq. 20 0 0 A. F. Ingle Esq. 11 0 0 KAITY. W. S. Price Esq. 40 0 0 Offertory at the Lawrence W. Jukes Esq. 11 0 0 Asylum, thro’ Mr. Deane 25 0 0
18* 100
Donations for the Sick-house at Mangalore.
Rs. As. p . Rs. As. p. Col. J. Keith (donation) 100 0 0 Mr. W. G. Samuel 5 0 0 J. W. Best Esq. (subscription) 60 0 0 Mr. T. Rama Rao 4 0 0 J. Sturrock Esq. 60 0 0 Mr. L. Joshua 6 0 0 Lieut. W. C. S. West 25 8 0 Mr. Thomas Pearl 6 0 0 Major Ward 24 0 0 J. E. Boyd Esq. 24 0 0 Extra Christmas Gift. W. Carroll Esq. 2 0 0 Col. J. Keith 50 0 0
For the Mangalore Poor-fund. Col. J. Keith Rs. 100 0 0
For the Basrur Church-fund. J. Mitchell Esq. Rs. 15 0 0
Subscriptions towards Manantoddy Fund during 1882.
A Planter 55 0 0 Collection at a Service, Pund. 7 11 9 C. J. Puddieombe Esq. 80 0 0 Mr. Fr. Rathecary, Apoth. 1 0 0 A. Planter Friend 25 0 0 A Native Christian 3 0 0 A Lady Friend at Pundalore 3 0 0 Mr. Brown, Balkara 7 0 0
Subscriptions towards the North-Goorg Cooly-Mission Fund.
Col. W. Hill 50 W. Scobie Esq. 10 F. Mangles Esq. 100 C. B. Speechly Esq. 12 A Friend 46 F. Baker Esq. 10 N. Stewart Esq. 25 W. Doyle Esq. 10 F. W. GerrardEsq. 5 W. Wright Esq. 50
South-Coorg Cooly-Mission Fund.
G. L. Bower Esq. 12 0 0 F. L. Chisholm Esq.* 12 0 0 E. A. Breithaupt Esq. 12 0 0 E. G. Clark Esq.* 12 0 0 101
Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. J. Emerson Esq. 12 0 0 C. H. Woodfall Esq. 24 0 0 J. S. Fraser Esq. 12 0 0 T. A. Woodward Esq. 30 0 0 C. M. Grant Esq.* 12 0 0 Two-Friends in England 200 0 0 J. Haller Esq. 8 0 0 J. Hilliard Esq.* (3 months) 3 0 0 F. L. Reay Esq. 6 0 0 Late J. Townsend Esq.* W. H. Scott Esq. 12 0 0 (one quarter) 3 0 0 H. Tippets Esq.* 12 0 0 418 0 0 A. Walker Esq.* 12 0 0 Received this year 378 0 0 R. W allace Esq.* 12 0 0 „ last year 40 0 0 H. S. Wood Esq.* 12 0 0
* Part of the subscriptions marked by an asterisk has been given last year.
Contributions of the Congregations (“Church Tax”).
Mangalore 269 0 0 Guledgud 79 12 Mulky 102 13 0 Cannanore 120 0 TJdapy 186 13 3 Tellicherry 65 10 Karkal 9 6 0 Chombala 52 15 Basrur 9 0 0 Calicut 168 6 Honore 7 10 0 Codacal 57 0 Mercara— Anandapur 39 6 0 Palghaut 28 8 Dharwar 22 14 0 Kaity 13 2 Hubly 50 10 0 Kotargiri 19 8 Bettigerry 95 10 0
Grants-in-Aid.
MANGALORE Balmattha Boys’ School for 1883, 16 months . 117 0 0 „ Girls’ „ „ 16 „ . 313 12 0 Nireshvalya School „ . 22 10 8 Brahmin Girls’ School ,, 16 „ . 169 1 10 Anglo-Yernacular School for 1882 . 1039 14 0 Canarese Town School for 1883, 15 ,, . 228 12 0 Jeppu School „ . 16 10 8 Bekal School (I. part) „ 9 „ 20 6 4 Hosdurg School for 1882 . 103 12 0 „ „ for 1883 9 „ . 82 11 0 MULKY Girls’ Boarding and Parochial School . . . 222 9 2 102
Rs. As. P. UDAPY Boys’ Boarding School ...... 93 8 0 Koppala Parochial School .... 10 6 0 Gudde „ „ . . . • 11 4 0 Shirva „ „ .... 5012 4 Udapy „ „ .... 78 40 Brahmin Girls’ „ .... 20 150 MERCABA Anandapur Parochial School 72 0 0 DHARWAR Anglo-Vernacular School . 759 0 0 Boys’ Elementary „ .... . 122 8 0 Girls’ Boarding „ .... . 264 8 0 HUBLT Heathen Vernacular School .... . 151 0 0 BETTIGERRY Girls’ Boarding School for 1882 . . 167 8 0 Hubly Boys’ Boarding Sohool for 1882 . . 136 8 0 Heathen Vernacular School .... 57 0 0 GULEDGUD Boys’ Boarding Sohool for 1882 . . 124 0 0 Parochial Girls’ S oh ool ...... 26 8 0 Koshtapete Elementary School . 51 0 0 CANNANORE Parochial Sohool, Parnachery . 142 11 0 „ ,, Chow a .... 6212 0 Mulil Sohool .... 94 2 0 TELLICHERRY Parsi School for 1882 ...... 760 10 4 Nettoor Parochial School for 1882 . . 220 8 0 Town Girls’ „ „ . . 43 14 0 Fishor Village „ „ . 48 12 8 Kuttuparambu „ for 1883 . 51 7 4 Anjarkandy „ 34 2 0 CHOMBALA Girls’ Boarding „ . 357 0 0 CALICUT Girls’ Parochial „ . 506 0 0 Pudiangady „ 56 8 0 Coilandy „ 66 12 4 High School, Result Grant . 814 12 0 „ Salary „ . . . 945 5 4 Town Girls’ School 71 1 6 CODACAL Parochial School for Girls 98 0 0 PALGHAUT Parochial School 26 12 0 Anglo-Vernacular School 96 4 0 Eannani School 14 0 0 Panayur „ for Girls, for 1882 . 11 6 0 Eannani „ „ for 1882 4 4 6 KAITY For all tho Sohools . 528 0 0 KOTARGIRI >5 U • . 121 9 0 Index.
Page European Missionaries of the Basel German Evangelical M is s io n ...... 3 R e p o r t ...... 6 1. Canara. Mangalore ...... 13 M u l k y ...... 24 U d a p y ...... 26 K a r k a l...... 30 Kundapur— B a s r u r ...... 31 H o n o r e ...... 34 M ercara...... 35 II, South-Mahratta. Dharwar 41 H u b l y ...... 45 B e ttig e r r y ...... 47 G u lc d g u d ...... 51 III. Malabar. C a n n a n o re...... 57 Tellicherry ...... 60 C h o m b a la ...... 65 Calicut ...... 67 C od acal...... 74 P a l g h a u t ...... 77 IV. JYilgiri. K a i t y ...... 81 K o t a r g i r i ...... 84 O bituary...... 88 C o n c lu sio n ...... 94 Expenditure of the M is s io n ...... 95 Subscriptions and D onations...... 96