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Preliminary Survey on Relative Diversity and Residential Status of Avifauna in District Karnal, Haryana ( India)

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Preliminary Survey on Relative Diversity and Residential Status of Avifauna in District Karnal, Haryana ( India) International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, Volume 4 Issue 6, June 2019 www.ijasrm.com ISSN 2455-6378 Preliminary Survey on Relative Diversity and Residential Status of Avifauna in district Karnal, Haryana ( India). Parveen Kumar Vats Associate Professor, Department of Zoology,Pt. C.L.S. Govt. College Karnal Karnal, Haryana, India Abstract transferring nutrients and spores from one place to The present study was conducted in another during their migration and local movements different sites of district Karnal, Haryana (India) (Niemi, 1985). Birds show variations greatly in their from May 2017 to April 2019. A total of 122 bird diversity, habitats, abundance and distribution species were observed by using line and point count throughout the globe. They have usually more method. These 122 bird species belongs to 17 diversity in tropics than others regions like different orders and maximum bird species were temperate, alpine or polar. Their habitat preferences observed in order Passeriformes (48) followed by are more or less specialized. They occupy higher order Pelecaniformes (14). Accipitridae and trophic levels in food webs. They also vary in their Ardeidae were two families in which equal number abundance because some species occur in large of bird species (8) were observed. A total of 88 bird numbers while others are represented by few species out of 122 observed avian species were individuals only. Some avian species have small resident, 29 bird species were winter migrants and 5 breeding ranges in some particular region whereas bird species were observed only in summer during others travel long distance and annual migrations the present study. Further out of 122 bird species, throughout the globe. Their distribution reflects 118 bird species belongs to IUCN Least Concern many other wildlife groups (Karr, 1976). category, 2 bird species belongs to near threatened category, one bird species belongs to Endangered 2. Review of Literature category and one bird species belongs to vulnerable A lot of work has been done on avian category. Motacillidae was the largest family in diversity in India and other parts of world. Khan order Passeriformes and forms 5.73% (RDi value) of (1980) studied the avifauna of the sholas and the the total species recorded during the entire study neighboring plantation in the Niligiris. Sugathan period. Maximum value of 6.55% (RDi value) were (1982) studied the avifauna of the Point Calimere observed in two families Accipitridae and Ardeidae. Sanctuary, Thanjovur, Tamil Nadu. Kalsi (1998) Keywords: Relative Diversity, Vulnerable, studied the avian diversity of Kalesar wildlife Endangered, Point Count. sanctuary. A total of 161 species were observed including 112 resident species and 49 migrant species. Kumar and Gupta (2009) studied the 1. Introduction diversity and abundance of wetland birds around Biological resources are the basis of life in Kurukshetra, India. They reported a total of 54 the tropical world. Biodiversity is the total variety of species of wetland birds belonging to 5 orders, 15 life on earth (Rajendran et al., 2014). It includes families.Khan and Pant (2016) studied the micro-organism, plant and animal wildlife and the conservation status, species composition, and water, land and air in which they live and interact. It distribution of avian community in Bhimbandh is natural biological capita of the earth. Biodiversity wildlife sanctuary, India. Praveen et al. (2016) plays important environmental and developmental classify and enlisted the birds of Indian sub-continent role which are very crucial to human survival but are into 23 orders, 107 families and 498 genera not according to economic value (Khan, 1998). Birds representing the world avian diversity by about 64%, and their diversity constitute a main part of the 45% and 21% respectively. Simon and Okoth (2016) natural environment and play a functional role as studied the species richness and abundance of birds agents of flower pollination, seed dispersal, source of in and around Nimule national park, South Sudan. A food chain and agents in breaking seed dormancy (Nason, 1992). Birds also act as dispersal agents in 160 International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, Volume 4 Issue 6, June 2019 www.ijasrm.com ISSN 2455-6378 total of 211 species from 20 orders and 64 families conservation status is given in Table 1.1. During the were observed during their investigation. study period, 17 different orders of birds were observed. Out of these 17 order, maximum number of bird species were observed in order Passeriformes 3. Materials and Methods (S=48) followed by order Pelecaniformes (S=14); Karnal is one of the famous city in Haryana Charadriiformes (S=10); Accipitriformes (S=8); located on National Highway number 44. The Name Anseriformes (S=6); Columbiformes (S=6); Karnal is derived from famous character Karan in Coraciiformes (S=5); Cuculiformes (S=5); epic Mahabharata. The whole area around Karnal Galliformes (S=4); Piciformes (S=3); Psittaciformes including Taraori is famous for the production of rice (S=2); Bucerotiformes (S=2); Strigiformes (S=2); and number of famous research institute like Gruiformes (S=2); Falconiformes (S=2); N.D.R.I. are located in this historical city. The Caprimulgiformes (S=1) and Phoenicopteriformes present study on avian diversity was conducted from (S=1) . As far as number of bird species was May 2017 to April 2019 at selected sites in district considered familywise, it was found that ma ximum Karnal. Regular visits were made during the present number of bird species were observed in two study at these selected sites. Observations were families Ardeidae (8) and Accipitridae (8). It was conducted during morning (06:00 to 10:00 hrs) and great success of this study that Alpine swift who was evening (15:00 to 18:00 hrs) to record avian species normally distributed in the Himalayan region was by using line transects and point count method observed once around Bakhra canal near Taraori. (Singh, 1995) in selected sites. Observations were Results related to residential status of the observed also made during the noon and afternoon hours. The avian fauna revealed that a total of 88 bird species birds were observed with 8x42 Nikon binoculars and out of 122 observed avian species were resident, for photography digital and DSLR camera were whereas 29 bird species were winter migrants. Only used. Universal accepted handbooks and field guides 5 bird species were observed only in summer during were used for identification and taxonomy of birds the present study. It was observed during the present (Ali and Ripley, 1987; Grimmet et al., 1998). The study that out of 122 bird species, 118 bird species checklist of avifauna was prepared using standard belongs to IUCN Least Concern category; 2 bird common and scientific names of the birds following species i.e., Painted Stork, Mycteria leucocephala Manakadan and Pittie, 2001 & Praveen et al., 2016. and Black-headed Ibis, Threskiornis melanocephalus The residential status of the observed avian species (Pelecaniformes) belongs to near threatened was assigned into three categories, Resident, Species category, one bird species Egyptian Vulture, recorded throughout the year in the study area; Neophron percnopterus (Accipitriformes) belongs to Winter Migratory (WM), Species recorded only Endangered category and one bird species Common during winter season and Summer Migratory (SM), Pochard, Aythya ferina (Anseriformes) belongs to Species recorded only during summer season based vulnerable category. Order Passeriformes was upon the presence or absence method following (Ali represented by 19 families and maximum number of and Ripley, 1987), Mackinnon and Phillip (1993), bird species were observed in family Motacillidae at Grimmet et al. (1998) and Inskipp et al. (1999). The different sites and these forms 5.73% (RDi value) of conservation status of the bird species was assessed the total species recorded during the entire study according to the IUCN database. The relative period. Maximum value of 6.55% (RDi value) were diversity (RDi) of families was calculated using the observed in two families Accipitridae and Ardeidae. following formula (Torre-Cuadros et al., 2007): During present a number of stress factors like spreading of urbanization and commercial use of village ponds were found to be responsible for the RDi = Number of bird species in afamily X 100 Total number of bird species observed deterioration and disturbance of natural habitat of avian species. Extensive survey and investigations 4. Results and Discussion must be planned in this area to determine the biodiversity of bird species in near future. During the present study a total of 122 avian species belonging to 87 genera and 45 families were observed at different sites of district Karnal, Haryana. A checklist of recorded avian species along with their taxonomy, residential status and 161 International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, Volume 4 Issue 6, June 2019 www.ijasrm.com ISSN 2455-6378 Table.1 Checklist of Avian fauna recorded in district Karnal, Haryana. Sr. Common Scientific Name Order Family Reside- IUCN No Name ntial Status Status Brown Rock Oenanthe fusca LC 3.1 Passeriformes Muscicapidae R 1 Chat (Blyth,1851) version Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata LC 3.1 Passeriformes Muscicapidae R 2 (Linnaeus,1766) version Common Saxicola torquata LC 3.1 Passeriformes Muscicapidae WM 3 Stone Chat (Pallas, 1773) version Indian Robin Saxicoloides
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