Vazha Kiknadze, Dr., Historical Sciences, Professor
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Freedom of Religion in Abkhazia and South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region
Freedom of Religion in Abkhazia and South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region Brief prehistory Orthodox Christians living in Abkhazia and South Ossetia are considered by the Patriarchate of the Georgian Orthodox Church to be subject to its canonical jurisdiction. The above is not formally denied by any Orthodox Churches. Abkhazians demand full independence and imagine their Church also to be independent. As for South Ossetia, the probable stance of "official" Ossetia is to unite with Alanya together with North Ossetia and integrate into the Russian Federation, therefore, they do not want to establish or "restore" the Autocephalous Orthodox Church. In both the political and ecclesiastical circles, the ruling elites of the occupied territories do not imagine their future together with either the Georgian State or the associated Orthodox Church. As a result of such attitudes and Russian influence, the Georgian Orthodox Church has no its clergymen in Tskhinvali or Abkhazia, cannot manage the property or relics owned by it before the conflict, and cannot provide adequate support to the parishioners that identify themselves with the Georgian Orthodox Church. Although both Abkhazia and South Ossetia have state sovereignty unilaterally recognized by the Russian Federation, ecclesiastical issues have not been resolved in a similar way. The Russian Orthodox Church does not formally or officially recognize the separate dioceses in these territories, which exist independently from the Georgian Orthodox Church, nor does it demand their integration into its own space. Clearly, this does not necessarily mean that the Russian Orthodox Church is guided by the "historical truth" and has great respect for the jurisdiction of the Georgian Orthodox Church in these territories. -
The Unique Spiritual Heritage of the Athos Peninsula in the Context of History and Present Time
Polonia Sacra 21 (2017) nr 3 (48) ∙ s. 5–26 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/ps.2167 Peter Caban1 Filozofická fakulta, Katolícka univerzita v Ružomberku “A place where no woman has ever entered…” The unique spiritual heritage of the Athos peninsula in the context of history and present time From the viewpoint of the history of Christian spirituality, the Athos peninsula takes a very interesting and precious position. For centuries, Athos was the centre of eastern monastic life, art, and science. It played a huge spiritual role in the history of spirituality. Even in the times before Christ, there were small inhabited cities on Athos, for example Sani, Dion, etc. Athos is mentioned in the works of Thucydides, Homer, Plutarch, and many other Greek authors. During the Turkish occupation, Athos was the centre of national renewal and refuge of Greek education, art, and science.2 1 The priest doc. ThDr. Peter Caban, PhD, is a docent at the Department of Religious Studies and Religious Education of the Faculty of Arts and Letters of the Catholic University in Ružomberok. In his scientific and Literary pursuits activities, he described the history of Christianity, sacral art, and Christian archaeology. He lectured at several European uni- versities and he authors more than 160 books. As a priest, he works in the Cathedral of St. Francis Xavier in Banská Bystrica and in the Priest seminary in Badín (Slovakia). E-mail: [email protected] 2 The exploration for the study was implemented with the support of the grant of the Foundation for the support of Science at the Faculty of Arts and Letters of the Catholic 5 Peter Caban The peninsula together with the entire range of the Athos moun- tains – ῞Αγιον Ὄρος is one of the three “fingers” of the Greek penin- sula Khalkidhiki – Cassandra, Sithonia and Athos which juts into the Aegean Sea from Khalkidhiki. -
ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÊÖËÔÖÒÖËÉ ÌÄÌÊÅÉÃÒÄÏÁÀ Afxazeti
ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÊÖËÔÖÒÖËÉ ÌÄÌÊÅÉÃÒÄÏÁÀ afxazeTi 1 2 saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreoba afxazeTi Культурное наследие Грузии абхазия GEORGIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE ABKHAZETI 3 4 5 saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreoba afxazeTi Культурное наследие Грузии абхазия GEORGIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE ABKHAZETI ISBN 6 saqarTvelossaqarTvelos kulturulikulturuli memkvidreobamemkvidreoba afxazeTiafxazeTi tomi I КультурноеКультурное наследиенаследие ГрузииГрузии абхазияабхазия ЧАСТЬ I GEORGIAN CULTURAL GEORGIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE HERITAGE ABKHAZETI ABKHAZETI BOOK I 7 afxazeTi Sav zRvasa da kavkasions Sorisaa ic datova. aq uamravi naSTi Tu Zveli nagebobaa moqceuli. saqarTvelos am regions SesaniSna- _ brinjaos xanis akldamebi, naqalaqarebi, vi geografiuli ganlageba aqvs _ igi zRvispi- cixeebi, xidebi, nasasaxlarebi, taZrebi. afx- racaa da mTagorianic. adamianebi aq ZvelTa- azeTis zogierTma taZarma mqandakeblobis, ganve saxloben, meurneobas ewevian, aSeneben... freskuli da mozaikuri mxatvrobis Sesani- Zveli welTaRricxvis pirveli aTaswleuli- Snavi nimuSebi Semogvinaxa, maT Soris, mTels dan mokidebuli afxazeTSi mcxovrebi tomebi amierkavkasiaSi qristianuli xelovnebis ua- da xalxebi erTad monawileobdnen dasavlur- dresi qmnilebanic. saepiskoposo saydrebsa qarTuli saxelmwifoebis (kolxeTi, egrisi- da monastrebSi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi da- lazika...) CamoyalibebaSi, erTad igeriebdnen grovda adgilobriv skriptoriumebsa (mag. mo- momxvdurT, erTad Tanamyofobdnen berZnul qvis, bediis...) da saxelosnoebSi damzadebuli, savaWro axalSenebTan Tu maT kvalze mosul saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebidan -
'Heresy' on Mount Athos: Ilarion's Na Gorakh Kavkaza (1907)
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 23 Issue 2 Article 3 4-2003 The Origins of 'Heresy' on Mount Athos: Ilarion's Na Gorakh Kavkaza (1907) G. M. Hamburg University of Notre Dame Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Hamburg, G. M. (2003) "The Origins of 'Heresy' on Mount Athos: Ilarion's Na Gorakh Kavkaza (1907)," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 23 : Iss. 2 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol23/iss2/3 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ORIGINS OF ‘HERESY’ ON MOUNT ATHOS: ILARION’S NA GORAKH KAVKAZA (1907) by G. M. Hamburg Gary M. Hamburg is Professor of History at the University of Notre Dame, teaching in the area of cultural and intellectual history. He is the author of Politics of the Russian Nobility, 1881-1905 (Rutgers, 1984) and of B.N. Chicherin and Early Russian Liberalism, 1828- 1866. (Stanford, 1992). This essay, presented at the AAASS convention in Philadelphia (November, 2002) is part of a larger projected monograph. The 1913 upheaval on Mouth Athos pitted “insurgent” Russian monks against the Orthodox establishment on the Holy Mountain, in Istanbul and St. -
Hitler and Stalin
MOSCOW JULY 2010 www.passportmagazine.ru Summer in the City – Park Pobedi and Fili Sailing Regatta Russian Superstitions Fish n’ Chaps Stalin & Hitler II A Day in the Life of an English Teacher July_covers.indd 1 22.06.2010 11:47:21 July_covers.indd 2 22.06.2010 11:48:04 Contents 3. Legal Changes to the legal status of foreigners in Russia 4. What’s On in July 5. Previews World Press Photo Competition 5 ‘The Feast of Trimalchio’ Biennale of Young People’s Art Pompei at the State Historical Museum Arch.stoyanie Mark Riboud vs. Vladimir Lagrange 8. Clubs Getting down: up-date 10. Art 10 The 1960s part I 12. Cinema The courageous heart of Irena Sendler 14. Culture Superstitions II 16. Travel Abkhazia 12 18. Russian Reflections Hitler & Stalin part II 1988 Alaska part II 25. Gourmet Moscow 26. Your Moscow 20 Park Pobedy and Fili parks 28 Education A Day in the Life of an English Teacher 30 Wine Tasting Winemaker’s evening at Cantinetta Antinori Commanderie de Bordeaux dinner 33 Out & About 30 39 Columns Fred Flintstone Residential Real Estate Deidre Dare 42. Family Pages Crocodile Poems Puzzles for children of all ages 42 45. Book Review July 2010 3 Letter from the Publisher Greenpeace and the British International School hold ‘Earth Day’ In March the world celebrated Earth Day, and the British International School held its own Earth Day on the John Ortega 11th of June at its central campus (Nakhimovsky Prospekt, 35A). The event was mainly addressed to younger pupils and was organized by the School Council and Greenpeace. -
Public Religion and State Building in Abkhazia
Orthodoxy under Discussion: Public Religion and State Building in Abkhazia by Daria Dubovka Submitted to Central European University Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisors: Professor Vlad Naumescu Professor Balazs Vedres CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2017 Abstract In the contemporary world, many people prefer to find their own spiritual way rather than to follow the instructions of traditional religious organizations. Catholicity, traditional protestant denominations, and Orthodoxy are that kind of religious organizations whose hierarchical structure and prescribed way of communication with supernatural lead to decreasing of the number of supporters. In this circumstances, the churches try different ways to combine the leading role of religious institutions with the global trend of individualization of religion. Par- ticularly, Orthodoxy uses nationalism, secular and modern project, to legitimate its role in peo- ples' life. The phenomenon is especially acute for semi-recognized states such as Abkhazia, separated territory of Georgia. The Abkhazian Orthodox Church invests in both national iden- tity and creative transformation of church’s structure for the purpose of its own surviving. The thesis investigates the question: how does the structure of traditional Christian churches change in the conditions of lacking legitimacy upon shifting of national borders. What does the shift mean for our understanding of public religion? In other words, the ways how secular and reli- gious borders form new religious communities in the public sphere. The thesis argues that nationalistic discourse is still the most effective way of communication with state’s authorities and spiritual leadership is needed church’s legitimation inside religious groups. -
The Republic of Abkhazia
THE REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA RUSSIA The Republic of Abkhazia (Apsny) is a country with a territory of 8.6 thou- sand square kilometers, which is situat- Gagra ed on the east coast of the Black Sea. The climate in the coastal area is humid ABKHAZIA and subtropical. Most of the territory Pitsunda is occupied by mountains. The popula- Gudauta tion consists of more than 240 thousand people who belong to the Abkhazian, Sukhum Armenian, Georgian, Russian and other Gulripsh Tkuarchal ethnic groups. Among religious people, Orthodox Christians predominate. The Abkhazians are an ancient indig- BLACK SEA Ochamchira Gal enous people of the eastern Black Sea coast. Their language belongs to the West Caucasian group of languages. In the first century BC, Abkhazia became part of the Roman Empire. GEORGIA ABKHAZIA COINS Christianity on the territory of Abkhazia the establishment of the modern Republic The National Bank of Abkhazia has been was preached by the Holy Apostles Si- of Abkhazia. Its independence was recog- issuing commemorative and investment mon the Zealot and Andrew the First- nized by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela coins since 2008. The coins have their own Called. In the 4th-6th century, it became and a number of other states. The process denomination which is called “Apsar”. the official religion of Abkhazia. The first of further international recognition is on- By the end of 2017, more than 60 kinds states on the territory of Abkhazia came going. of commemorative gold, silver and steel to exist in the 1st and 2nd century. In Abkhazia is a presidential republic. The coins with brass plating have been mint- the 8th century, the Abkhazian Kingdom legislative branch is represented by a uni- ed. -
Georgian Art in the Context of European and Asian Cultures JUNE 21-29, 2008, GEORGIA
VAKHTANG BERIDZE 1st INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF GEORGIAN CULTURE Georgian Art in the Context of European and Asian Cultures JUNE 21-29, 2008, GEORGIA PROCEEDINGS TBILISI 2009 UDC(uak)7(479.22)+008.1(479.22:100) q-279 PUBLISHED BY: GEORGIAN ARTS & CULTURE CENTER through INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVE FOR GEORGIAN CULTURAL STUDIES 7, N.Nikoldaze str., Tbilisi, 0108, Georgia e-mail: [email protected] www.gaccgeorgia.org PROJECT LEADER Maka Dvalishvili Georgian Arts & Culture Center EDITORS: Peter Skinner Dimiti Tumanishvili G. Chubunashvili National Center of Georgian Art History and Monuments Protection, Tbilisi State Academy of Arts Anna Shanshiashvili Georgian Arts & Culture Center CATALOGUE COORDINATION: Anna Shanshiashvili Georgian Arts & Culture Center DESIGN AND TYPESETTING: Gega Paksashvili Photography on the cover: David Garedji Monastery. Bertubani 13th c Printed in: PETITE Ltd ISBN 978-9941-0-2005-6 ISSN 1987-829X © Georgian Arts & Culture Center 2009 © Authors 2009 Vakhtang Beridze The Proceedings of the International Symposium “Georgian Art in the Context of European and Asian Cultures” are dedicated with great respect to the memory of Vakhtang Beridze, one of the most distinguished Georgian scholars, Director of the Giorgi Chubinashvili Institute of Georgian Art History, and founder and organizer of the International Symposiums on Georgian Art, 1974 to 1989. Contents PREFACE Maka Dvalishvili. Project Leader. GACC International Initiative for Georgian Cultural Studies. President, Georgian Arts and Culture Center ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 -
Fresco-Icons on Façades of Churches in Upper Svaneti (Georgia)
Nina Chichinadze Ilia State University Fresco-Icons on Façades of Churches in Upper Svaneti (Georgia) Key words: fresco, icons, facade, chancel barrier, epistyle The present article addresses fresco-icons constituting Deesis, which are depicted on the south facades of churches of Upper Svaneti (Georgia). Exterior decoration of the church of the Archangels in Iprari and St. George church in Ipkhi bring out multifaceted meaning of the involved iconography (Figs. 1-2, 4-6). The ability to speak to a range of meaningful contexts is one of the main features of the East Christian art and these images, imitating painted icons, prove this concept. Icons executed in the fresco technique, which are integrated into monu- mental programs of church decorations, are one of the specific manifestations of the importance of devotional images in Christian religiosity. Predominantly, fresco-icons are incorporated in the apsidal decoration systems1 (Fig. 8). They are also included in historical compositions,2 mostly in representations of fu- nerals or translatio,3 and Akathistos cycles.4 From the early 13th century fresco icons were integrated in medieval Georgian church interior programs. They were placed in various parts of church buildings – both interiors and exteriors. Fresco-icons are either individual images “hanging” on the walls (Khe 13th- 14th cc.) (Figs. 9-10) [Velmans 2002:118], or more frequently, are incorpo- 1 See fresco-icons of the Church Fathers depicted in the apses of St. Sophia in Ochrid, ca. 1140, Bačkovo monastery ossuary church, 2nd half of 12th c., Ziča 1st half of the 13th c., St. Barbara church in village Khe, Upper Svaneti, 13th – 14th cc. -
Parekhta Monastery Tao-Klarjeti Was and Is of Great Importance For
Parekhta Monastery Tao-Klarjeti was and is of great importance for Georgia. This region has a particular meaning for each Georgian and is known as the area where St Grigol Khandzteli (749-851) had unfolded his activities. In the 8th-9th centuries,. St Grigol and his disciples were very active in founding new monasteries and rehabilitated the old ones, the monasteries becoming most significant centers of culture. Even more, the spiritual fathers who were educated there were founding new Georgian monasteries abroad, which became important cultural and spiritual centers in Byzantium, Palestine, Syria or on the Holy Mountain of Athos. Especially the Georgian (Iberian) Monastery of Mount Athos (10th c.) and the Georgian Monastery of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem (11thc.) were, along with their cultural designation, also of political importance. Is must be noted that there are no evidens about early buildings in Klarjeti. Some scholars thout that a monastery of Parekhta should be established at 6-7 century. Researchers' opinion is based on the life of Serapion Zarzmel, that St. Michael One of Shio's disciples (follower), arrived in klarjeti, stayed in Opiza for a while, and then built a monastery Parekhta for his and his brothers. According to the life Gregoli of Khanzta when Khandzta became known for its grace and of its spiritual fathers, at that time a great desert ascetic, Father Mikel came to Khandzta from Midznadzoro and settled in Parekhta, because he was a friend of Blessed Father Gregory. He longed for the eremitic life and found his own place to dwell at Parekhta in Berta. -
Moxsenebata Tezisebi Albomi
saerTaSoriso konferencia saqarTvelo – bizantia – qristianuli aRmosavleTi moxsenebaTa Tezisebi albomi International Conference GEORGIA – BYZANTIUM – CHRISTIAN EAST ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS ALBUM TBBbilisi . TBILISI 2017 korneli kekeliZis saxelobis saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centri KORNELI KEKELIDZE GEORGIAN NATIONAL CENTRE OF MANUSCRIPTS saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF GEOREGIA saredaqcio-sagamomcemlo jgufi zaza abaSiZe, eka duRaSvili, lado mirianaSvili, vladimer peraniZe, qeTevan tatiSvili, nino qavTaria EDITORIAL-PUBLISHING GROUP Zaza Abashidze, Eka Dughashvili, Lado Mirianashvili, Vladimer Peranidze, Ketevan Tatishvili, Nino Kavtaria ISBN 978-9941-9539-3-4 © korneli kekeliZis saxelobis saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, 2017 winasityvaoba saqarTvelos, mTeli Tavisi arsebobis manZilze, mWidro politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli urTierTobebi hqonda mezobel saxelmwifoebTan da Soreul qveynebTanac. Sumeri, aqadi, midia, asureTi, Zveli sparseTi, saberZneTi, Zveli somxeTi, Semdeg parTia, selevkidebi, ponto, romi – es is saxelmwifoebia, romlebTanac uZvelesi droidan ur- TierTobdnen qarTvelebi Cv.w.aR-mde III-I aTaswleulebSi. mniSvnelovan savaWro-satranzito sivrceSi arsebul qar- Tul saxelmwifoebs kolxidasa da iberias Tavisi wvlili SehqondaT sxva erebis kulturis Camoyalibebasa da gan- viTarebaSi. Tavis mxriv, unikaluri qarTuli civilizacia yalibdeboda mezobeli ganviTarebuli erebis kulturuli monapovaris SeTvisebiT. saqarTvelos kulturuli da saxlmwifoebrivi ganvi- Tarebis sruliad axali etapi -
“Soft Power” – the New Concept of the Russian Foreign Policy Toward Georgia (August 2008 Postwar Period)
“Soft Power” – the New Concept of the Russian Foreign Policy Toward Georgia (August 2008 postwar period) Contents: From the Editor The Main Vectors of Russia’s Caucasian Policy Giorgi Volski Tengiz Pkhaladze The concept of Russian “Soft Power” and main objectives in Georgia Tengiz Pkhaladze Chapter I. Diplomatic Activities of the Russian Federation Towards Georgia Occupied Territories Tengiz Pkhaladze 1 Russian Policy in the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Tornike Sharashenidze Termination of United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia Giorgi Volski Russian policy in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Tornike Sharashenidze Russia at the Geneva Talks Tengiz Pkhaladze Tornike Sharashenidze Russia’s policy in the European Union Tengiz Pkhaladze Tornike Sharashenidze Chapter II. The “Compatriot Protection” Policy of the Russian Federation and Consular Policy Toward Georgia Policy of the Russian Federation on “Compatriot Protection” Toward Georgia Working with “Compatriots” on the Occupied Territories of Georgia Tengiz Pkhaladze Georgians in Russia 2 Teimuraz Karukhnishvili Tengiz Pkhaladze Consular Issues as Russia’s “Soft Power” Policy Implementation Mechanism Tengiz Pkhaladze Chapter III. Russian Media and Georgia Mariam Tsatsanashvili Media Tools to create “Enemy Image” Russian media resources in Georgia Russian media space on the occupied territories General assessments of media in the Russian Federation Chapter IV. 2008-2009 Cyber War in Georgia Mariam Tsatsanashvili Cyber space as an environment for wield of Soft Power Character and dynamics of cyber attacks in Georgia Cyber attacks against Georgian websites in 2009 Assessments of the 2008-2009 cyber attacks against Georgia Consequences of cyber attacks Cause and effect relationships between virtual acts and politics How to counter the giant state’s cyber hysteria Estonia, Georgia, Lithuania – who will become the next victim of cyber war? 3 Chapter V.