Parekhta Monastery Tao-Klarjeti Was and Is of Great Importance For
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Freedom of Religion in Abkhazia and South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region
Freedom of Religion in Abkhazia and South Ossetia/Tskhinvali Region Brief prehistory Orthodox Christians living in Abkhazia and South Ossetia are considered by the Patriarchate of the Georgian Orthodox Church to be subject to its canonical jurisdiction. The above is not formally denied by any Orthodox Churches. Abkhazians demand full independence and imagine their Church also to be independent. As for South Ossetia, the probable stance of "official" Ossetia is to unite with Alanya together with North Ossetia and integrate into the Russian Federation, therefore, they do not want to establish or "restore" the Autocephalous Orthodox Church. In both the political and ecclesiastical circles, the ruling elites of the occupied territories do not imagine their future together with either the Georgian State or the associated Orthodox Church. As a result of such attitudes and Russian influence, the Georgian Orthodox Church has no its clergymen in Tskhinvali or Abkhazia, cannot manage the property or relics owned by it before the conflict, and cannot provide adequate support to the parishioners that identify themselves with the Georgian Orthodox Church. Although both Abkhazia and South Ossetia have state sovereignty unilaterally recognized by the Russian Federation, ecclesiastical issues have not been resolved in a similar way. The Russian Orthodox Church does not formally or officially recognize the separate dioceses in these territories, which exist independently from the Georgian Orthodox Church, nor does it demand their integration into its own space. Clearly, this does not necessarily mean that the Russian Orthodox Church is guided by the "historical truth" and has great respect for the jurisdiction of the Georgian Orthodox Church in these territories. -
De-Secularizing National Space in Georgia Silvia Serrano
De-secularizing national space in Georgia Silvia Serrano To cite this version: Silvia Serrano. De-secularizing national space in Georgia. Identity studies in the Caucasus and the Black Sea Region, 2010, 2, pp.5-20. hal-01533778 HAL Id: hal-01533778 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01533778 Submitted on 6 Jun 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Silvia Serrano De-secularizing national space in Georgia1 Construction of a new presidential palace on the model of the White House, erection of new buildings; conversion of the old city of Signaghi into a Disney Land style Potemkin village; replacement of city centre oriental "bazaars" by Western style shopping malls: Georgia is under construction. The direct involvement of the public authorities in the landscaped drawing constitutes a well anchored tradition. Sufficient to remind the statues of Lenin, propaganda posters, or the folkorisation of the city through the restoration of "Old Tbilisi" in late Soviet time to understand that issues at stakes in transforming the urban cityscape are not only economic (real estate speculation, etc..) but also highly political: it aims at erasing the traces of the Soviet past and at making visible the governmental program of modernization, including in its rationalist and hygienist dimension, and rapprochement with the West. -
6. Imereti – Historical-Cultural Overview
SFG2110 SECOND REGIONAL DEVELOPMETN PROJECT IMERETI REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IMERETI TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY Public Disclosure Authorized STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL HERITAGE AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Tbilisi, December, 2014 ABBREVIATIONS GNTA Georgia National Tourism Administration EIA Environnemental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Management System IFI International Financial Institution IRDS Imereti Regional Development Strategy ITDS Imereti Tourism Development Strategy MDF Municipal Development Fund of Georgia MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoENRP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia MoIA Ministry of Internal Affairs MoCMP Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection MoJ Ministry of Justice MoESD Ministry of Economic and Sustaineble Developmnet NACHP National Agency for Cultural Heritage Protection PIU Project Implementation Unit PPE Personal protective equipment RDP Regional Development Project SECHSA Strategic Environmental, Cultural Heritage and Social Assessment WB World Bank Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 0 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 14 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................... -
The Unique Spiritual Heritage of the Athos Peninsula in the Context of History and Present Time
Polonia Sacra 21 (2017) nr 3 (48) ∙ s. 5–26 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/ps.2167 Peter Caban1 Filozofická fakulta, Katolícka univerzita v Ružomberku “A place where no woman has ever entered…” The unique spiritual heritage of the Athos peninsula in the context of history and present time From the viewpoint of the history of Christian spirituality, the Athos peninsula takes a very interesting and precious position. For centuries, Athos was the centre of eastern monastic life, art, and science. It played a huge spiritual role in the history of spirituality. Even in the times before Christ, there were small inhabited cities on Athos, for example Sani, Dion, etc. Athos is mentioned in the works of Thucydides, Homer, Plutarch, and many other Greek authors. During the Turkish occupation, Athos was the centre of national renewal and refuge of Greek education, art, and science.2 1 The priest doc. ThDr. Peter Caban, PhD, is a docent at the Department of Religious Studies and Religious Education of the Faculty of Arts and Letters of the Catholic University in Ružomberok. In his scientific and Literary pursuits activities, he described the history of Christianity, sacral art, and Christian archaeology. He lectured at several European uni- versities and he authors more than 160 books. As a priest, he works in the Cathedral of St. Francis Xavier in Banská Bystrica and in the Priest seminary in Badín (Slovakia). E-mail: [email protected] 2 The exploration for the study was implemented with the support of the grant of the Foundation for the support of Science at the Faculty of Arts and Letters of the Catholic 5 Peter Caban The peninsula together with the entire range of the Athos moun- tains – ῞Αγιον Ὄρος is one of the three “fingers” of the Greek penin- sula Khalkidhiki – Cassandra, Sithonia and Athos which juts into the Aegean Sea from Khalkidhiki. -
Esbeki Architectural Complex Esbeki Basilica
Lola Tsitskhvaia Tbilisi State Academy of Fine Arts Art Historian, Doctor Esbeki Architectural Complex Esbeki Basilica Esbeki is a less known and unexplored architectural complex in the region of historic Tao-Klarjeti. There is no enough information in the historical sources as about this settlement so about this important architectural ensemble, which is one of the interesting examples of an early Tao-Klarjeti architectural building period. One can read the only brief text and see some photos about Esbeki In Vakhtang Djobadze’s fundamental scientific work ’’Early Medieval Georgian Monasteries in Historical Tao, Klatjeti and Shavshethi’’. Even V. Djobadze had noticed himself with a great regret that he couldn’t observe and study this complex in details as well. It should also be noted an annotation, a plan and some sketches of Esbeki basilica listed in Tao-Klarjeti architecture and wall painting exhibition catalog / G.Chubinashvili Institute of Art History expedition in 1995; a graphic documentation/. And the last author, who had mentioned Esbeki basilica as a parallel edifice for Parekhi basilica is Dr. David Khoshtaria. I was there, in Esbeki, exactly twenty years ago, in 1999, during the expedition organized by German scientists, but I couldn’t survey the complex appropriately. Nevertheless, I still wrote a brief article about this amazing location. Esbeki is situated in historical Georgian province of Tao, Artvini region, in the territory of Turkey, on the left bank of Oltisi River. Architectural complex of Esbeki is located in an expansive, spacious territory, 990 meters above sea level. V. Djobadze had mentioned that this place, this location had a strategic meaning, because from here you will find everything extraordinary. -
ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÊÖËÔÖÒÖËÉ ÌÄÌÊÅÉÃÒÄÏÁÀ Afxazeti
ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÊÖËÔÖÒÖËÉ ÌÄÌÊÅÉÃÒÄÏÁÀ afxazeTi 1 2 saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreoba afxazeTi Культурное наследие Грузии абхазия GEORGIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE ABKHAZETI 3 4 5 saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreoba afxazeTi Культурное наследие Грузии абхазия GEORGIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE ABKHAZETI ISBN 6 saqarTvelossaqarTvelos kulturulikulturuli memkvidreobamemkvidreoba afxazeTiafxazeTi tomi I КультурноеКультурное наследиенаследие ГрузииГрузии абхазияабхазия ЧАСТЬ I GEORGIAN CULTURAL GEORGIAN CULTURAL HERITAGE HERITAGE ABKHAZETI ABKHAZETI BOOK I 7 afxazeTi Sav zRvasa da kavkasions Sorisaa ic datova. aq uamravi naSTi Tu Zveli nagebobaa moqceuli. saqarTvelos am regions SesaniSna- _ brinjaos xanis akldamebi, naqalaqarebi, vi geografiuli ganlageba aqvs _ igi zRvispi- cixeebi, xidebi, nasasaxlarebi, taZrebi. afx- racaa da mTagorianic. adamianebi aq ZvelTa- azeTis zogierTma taZarma mqandakeblobis, ganve saxloben, meurneobas ewevian, aSeneben... freskuli da mozaikuri mxatvrobis Sesani- Zveli welTaRricxvis pirveli aTaswleuli- Snavi nimuSebi Semogvinaxa, maT Soris, mTels dan mokidebuli afxazeTSi mcxovrebi tomebi amierkavkasiaSi qristianuli xelovnebis ua- da xalxebi erTad monawileobdnen dasavlur- dresi qmnilebanic. saepiskoposo saydrebsa qarTuli saxelmwifoebis (kolxeTi, egrisi- da monastrebSi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi da- lazika...) CamoyalibebaSi, erTad igeriebdnen grovda adgilobriv skriptoriumebsa (mag. mo- momxvdurT, erTad Tanamyofobdnen berZnul qvis, bediis...) da saxelosnoebSi damzadebuli, savaWro axalSenebTan Tu maT kvalze mosul saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebidan -
Vazha Kiknadze, Dr., Historical Sciences, Professor
CV Full name: Vazha Kiknadze, patronymic: Ivane Address: 11, Akhmeteli St.IV/I, Apt. 58, Tbilisi, Georgia Tel: 52 71 87, E-mail: [email protected] Date of birth: 27.08.1952 Education: 1970 - 1976 Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; Work experience: 1986 - The candidate of the Historical science; 2006 - The doctor of the Historical science; 1976-2006 The Senior research fellow at Iv. Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology; 2006 - The Acting Director of the same Institute. 2006 - The Full professor of the Tbilisi State University. From 2007 until today - The director of Iv. Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology. Languages: Russian fluent, English fluent The main published scientific works: 1. The critical review of D. Lang’s article “Georgia at the time of the King Giorgi the 5th, collected papers“The studies of the Georgian history at the feudal time”, Tbilisi 1986, pages: 113-130. 2. The 14th century Syrian source about the Empire of Il-khans, “Sakartvelo” # 2, Tbilisi 1998, pages 39-45. 3. Ivane Javakhishvili’s pedagogical perspective and a one unknown document, the magazine “Istoria” #1, Tbilisi 1998, pages 12-20. 4. The five portraits against an epoch background, the Georgian-European magazine “Iveria”, Tbilisi-Paris, 1998-1999. 5. The Georgian clergy of the 19th century, ,,Iveria”, Paris-Tbilisi 1998/99. 6. King Bagrat the 4th (1027-1072), Liparit Bagvashi and ,,Varangians” (Normans), collect. Works dedicated to memory of Al. Orbeliani #2, Tbilisi 1999. 7. For the interpretation of one point of ,,Shaikh Uweis’s History”, The studies of the history of the Medieval Georgia, Vol. -
Khandzta Monastery in the Late Eighth Century St. Gregory Initiated a Large
Khandzta Monastery In the late eighth century St. Gregory initiated a large monastic movement in Klarjeti region. After he spend two years in Opiza monastery, St Gregory in around 782 established his first monastery here (Khandzta, Shatberdi, Nunneries – Gunatle, Mere; Ubisi – in west Georgia). During the centuries this monastery was the most important centre in Klarjeti, it was some kind of principal base of monastic colonies in this region. As V. Djobadze characterizes the monastery, “it was destined to revive once again the national identity of Georgia by mobilizing its spiritual forces against the Arab overlords”. The complex consists of several buildings, from which some are in ruins: the main church dedicated to St George, Bell-tower, ruins of a refectory, a tiny chapels and three rectangular cells in three stories. On the west there are a spring and a small barrel-vaulted chapel above it, which according to V. Djobadze should have been built in 820s. On the outside of the monastic enclosure, on the southwest (some three hundred meters) of the monastery on top of a hill there are three small barrel-vaulted chapels. When in 1904 Niko Marr visited the monastery, he described several buildings which now no longer exist: he identified the seminary or library, storage rooms and other subsidiary buildings on three layered terraces, as well as winepress on the southwestern side. The first church, constructed by St Gregory, as well as cells for monks and refectory were built with wood. In the 820-s the wooden church was replaced by the masonry church with the material support of a local nobleman Gabriel Daphanchuli. -
ტაო-კლარჯეთი Tao-Klarjeti
ტაო-კლარჯეთი არქივებსა და სიძველეთსაცავებში Tao-Klarjeti In the museums and archives ექვთიმე თაყაიშვილი ოშკის ტაძარში. 1917 წელი EkvtimeTakaishvili in the Oshki Cathedral. 1917 giorgi kalandia George Kalandia eqvTime TayaiSvili da tao-klarjeTi Ekvtime Takaishvili and Tao-Klarjeti კრებული ეძღვნება 1917 წელს სამხრეთ საქართველოში მოწყობილი ექსპედიციის 100 წლის იუბილეს The book is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the 1917 expedition to Southern Georgia თბილისი 2017 რედკოლეგია Editorial Board ავტორი: Author: გიორგი კალანდია George Kalandia რედაქტორი: Editor: ჯაბა სამუშია Jaba Samushia დიზაინი: Designer: ირაკლი ზამბახიძე Irakli Zambakhidze თარჯიმანი: Translator: ანა ბაკურიძე Ana Bakuridze სამეცნიერო კონსულტანტები: Scientific Consultants: არქიტექტურა: Architecture: ირინე გივიაშვილი Irine Giviashvili ფრესკული მხატვრობა: Fresco painting: ნინო ჩიხლაძე Nino Chikhladze რელიეფი: Relief: ნინო ცინცაძე Nino Tsintsadze ნახაზები: Sketches: ნინო გედევანიშვილი Nino Gedevanishvili ფოტოგრაფია: Photography: მაია მაკარიძე Maia Makaridze სოფო ებრალიძე Sopho Ebralidze ლევან თაქთაქიშვილი Levan Taktakishvili რესტავრატორები: Restorers: ნინო ბურდული Nino Burduli ნინო მერაბიშვილი Nino Merabishvili მენეჯერი: Manager: გოგა ფიროსმანაშვილი Goga Pirosmanashvili ტექნიკური რედაქტორი: Technical editor: ქეთევან გურაშვილი Ketevan Gurashvili ფოტოგრაფი: Photographer: რაფაელ არზრუმანოვი Raphael Arzumanov აღნიშნული გამოცემა მომზადდა კორძაძის საადვოკატო ბიუროს მმართველი პარტნიორის, პროფესორ ზვიად კორძაძის მხარდაჭერით. წიგნში გამოყენებულია ექვთიმე თაყაიშვილის ხელნაწერის მიხედვით -
Viewing Inscriptions in the Late Antique and Medieval World Edited by Antony Eastmond Frontmatter More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09241-9 - Viewing Inscriptions in the Late Antique and Medieval World Edited by Antony Eastmond Frontmatter More information VIEWING INSCRIPTIONS IN THE LATE ANTIQUE AND MEDIEVAL WORLD Inscriptions convey meaning not just by their contents but also by other means, such as choice of script, location, scale, spatial organisation, letter- form, legibility and clarity. The essays in this book consider these visual qualities of inscriptions, ranging across the Mediterranean and the Near East from Spain to Iran and beyond, including Norman Sicily, Islamic North Africa, Byzantium, medieval Italy, Georgia and Armenia. Although most essays focus on late antiquity and the Middle Ages, they also look back at Achaemenid Iran and forward to Mughal India. Topics discussed include real and pseudo-writing, multilingual inscriptions, graffiti, writing disguised as images and images disguised as words. From public texts set up on mountainsides or on church and madrasa walls to intimate crafts- men’s signatures barely visible on the undersides of precious objects, the inscriptions discussed in this volume reveal their meanings as textual and visual devices. Antony Eastmond is AG Leventis Reader in the History of Byzantine Art at the Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London. He has written extensively on the art and culture of medieval Georgia and its relations with Byzantium. He also works on Byzantine ivories. He is the author of The Glory of Byzantium and Early Christendom (2013), as well as Art and Identity in Thirteenth-Century Byzantium: Hagia Sophia and the Empire of Trebizond (2008) and Royal Imagery in Medieval Georgia (1998). -
SAINT LUKE the EVANGELIST GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH January 29, 2017
SAINT LUKE THE EVANGELIST GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH january 29, 2017 the sunday of the canaanite woman The Transfer of the Relics of the Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-Bearer: (See December 20). After the holy hieromartyr Ignatius was thrown to the lions in the year 107 on the orders of the emperor Trajan, Chris- tians gathered up his bones and preserved them at Rome. Later, in the year 108, the saint’s relics were collected and buried outside the gate of Daphne at Antioch. A second transfer, to the city of Antioch itself, took place in the year 438. After the capture of Antioch by the Persians, the relics of the Hieromartyr Ignatius were returned to Rome and placed into the church of the holy Hieromartyr Clement in the year 540 ( in 637, according to other sources). Saint Ignatius introduced antiphonal singing into Church services. He has left us seven archpastoral epistles in which he provided instructions on faith, love and good works. He also urged his flock to preserve the unity of the faith and to beware of heretics. He encouraged people to honor and obey their bishops, “we should regard the bishop as we would the Lord Himself” (To the Ephesians 6) In his Letter to Polycarp, Saint Ignatius writes: “Listen to the bishop, if you want God to listen to you... let your baptism be your shield, your faith a helmet, your charity a spear, your patience, like full armor.” (Compare Eph. 6:14-17 and the Wisdom of Solomon 5:17-20. Also THE LADDER 4:2) Saint Laurence, Hermit of the Caves and Bishop of Turov, in the Near Caves at first lived as a hermit at the monastery of the Great Martyr Demetrius, built by Great Prince Izyaslav at Kiev near the Monastery of the Caves. -
Grand Basilicas of Otkhta Eklesia and Parkhali Monasteries: Stages of Construction
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis moambe, t. 14, #2, 2020 BULLETIN OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. 14, no. 2, 2020 Art History Grand Basilicas of Otkhta Eklesia and Parkhali Monasteries: Stages of Construction Irene Giviashvili George Chubinashvili National Research Centre for Georgian Art History and Heritage Preservation, Tbilisi, Georgia (Presented by Academy Member Liana Melikishvili) The monasteries of Otkhta Eklesia and Parkhali are located in historic Tao on the very bordering points of the “Kingdom of Georgians”. The aim of this publication is to present the construction stages of these two monuments based on comparative analysis and historical background. Long term observations show that Otkhta Eklesia had at least three stages of construction and Parkhali had two. The walls of Otkhta Eklesia built in the Opus-Mixtum technique, remain from the original church. It could be remnant of the “Triple Church Basilica”, similar to one founded by Grigol of Khandzta in Nedzvi, in the 9th c. or even from an earlier establishment. At the second stage, the central nave was rebuilt with the new columns and the upper parts of the walls were added. This reconstruction is related to King David III and took place before 965. Soon, another grand reconstruction was carried out seeing the space of the apse enlarged due to replacement of the first pair of columns to the east. The height of the central nave and the apse was increased. We can assume that the changes to the plan came as a result of the new typicon and the liturgical order that was introduced to the Georgian Church from Mount Athos.