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Pro Georgia Vol. 26 New Paprocki.Indd 1 PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL OF KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES N o 26 — 2016 2 E DITOR- IN-CHIEF David KOLBAIA S ECRETARY Sophia J VANIA EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Jan MALICKI, Wojciech MATERSKI Henryk PAPROCKI I NTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD Zaza ALEKSIDZE, Professor, National Center of Manuscripts, Tbilisi Alejandro B ARRAL–IGLESIAS, Professor Emeritus, Cathedral Museum Santiago de Compostela Jan BRAUN (†), Professor Emeritus, University of Warsaw Metropolitan A NDREW (GVAZAVA) of Samtavisi and Gori Eparchy Gocha JAPARIDZE, Professor, Tbilisi State University Stanis³aw L ISZEWSKI, Professor, University of Lodz Mariam LORTKIPANIDZE, Professor Emerita, Tbilisi State University Guram L ORTKIPANIDZE, Professor Emeritus, Tbilisi State University Marek M ¥DZIK, Professor, Maria Curie-Sk³odowska University, Lublin Tamila M GALOBLISHVILI, Professor, National Centre of Manuscripts, Tbilisi Lech M R Ó Z, Professor, University of Warsaw Bernard OUTTIER, Professor, University of Geneve Andrzej P ISOWICZ, Professor, Jagiellonian University, Cracow Annegret P LONTKE-LUENING, Professor, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena Tadeusz SWIETOCHOWSKI, Professor, Columbia University, New York Sophia V ASHALOMIDZE, Professor, Martin-Luther-Univerity, Halle-Wittenberg Andrzej W O Ź N I A K, Professor, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 3 PRO GEORGIA JOURNAL OF KARTVELOLOGICAL STUDIES No 26 — 2016 (Published since 1991) CENTRE FOR EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES FACULTY OF ORIENTAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW WARSAW 2016 4 Cover: St. Mamai, Gelati Tondo (silver, gilt silver), 11th century © by Pro Georgia. Journal of Kartvelological Studies, Warsaw 2016 EDITORIAL ADDRESS Centre for East European Studies University of Warsaw Pa³ac Potockich, Krakowskie Przedmieœcie 26/28 PL 00-927 Warsaw tel. 48 22 55 22 555, fax 48 22 55 22 222 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] PRINTING: Duo Studio ISSN 1230-1604 Edition of 500 Copies The printed version is the basic version of the journal CONTENTS 5 I. ARTICLES AND STUDIES LEONTI MROWELI, Męczeństwo świętego Arczila, który był królem Kartlii. Z języka starogruzińskiego przełożył i komenarzem opa- trzył David Kolbaia .............................................................................. 9 BUBA KUDAVA, GOCHA SAITIDZE, A newly discovered relief from Iskhani Cathedral ................................................................................. 17 SHOTA MAMULADZE AND EMZAR KAKHIDZE, Roman and Byzantine Forts Survey in the Southeastern Black Sea area ........................................ 29 RADOSŁAW KARASIEWICZ-SZCZYPIORSKI, Apsaros. Early Headquarters Building (principia). New localization? ........................................... 53 EMZAR KAKHIDZE AND LANA BURKADZE, Relations between Rome and Iberia-Colchis in the 1st century BC – 1st century AD .......... 65 MARIKA MCHVILDADZE, Divinités Égyptyennes en Colchide ............ 69 NANA GELASHVILI, Georgia in the Light of Iran-Byzantine Wars (6th Century) .......................................................................................... 75 PAVLE CHANTURISHVILI, Early Period of Arab Occupation of Eastern Georgia .................................................................................................. 83 IRAKLI PAGHAVA, K’ak’i (Ka-khed): One More Georgian Coin-Min- ting Urban Center ................................................................................. 117 JABA SAMUSHIA, The “Sinai” of Georgia or Twelve Hermitages of Klarjeti ..................................................................................................... 141 GIORGI SOLSIASHVILI, Asomtavruli Inscriptions on Ditsi Saint Mary Virgin chuch near the Russian Occupational Line ........................ 161 TAMTA GRIGOLIA, The Concept of Woman in Medieval Georgian and European Thought (from Rustaveli to Shakespeare) ........... 179 LAVRENTI JANIASHVILI, Pre-Christian Ritual, Symbol and Equipment in Georgian Viticulture-Winemaking ............................................... 189 II. MATERIALS, DOCUMENTS, MEMOIRES HENRYK PAPROCKI, Czas. Esej o wieczności (fragmenty) ..................... 199 WOJCIECH MATERSKI, Gruzini oficerowie kontraktowi Wojska Pol- skiego w kampanii wrześniowej 1939 r. ........................................ 243 6 III. REVIEWS AND COMMENTAIRES RESO KIKNADZE, Kontakion .................................................................... 285 Bibliografia prac Wojciecha Materskiego dotyczących historii Gruzji i stosunków polsko-gruzińskich ............................................ 299 IV. CHRONICLE Wizyta delegacji Studium Europy Wschodniej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego w Gruzji: 12-15 września 2015 ............................ 307 Gruzja w Badaniach i aktywności Studium Europy Wschodniej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego 1990-2015 ........................................ 308 7 SHOTA RUSTAVELI KNEELING BEFORE ST. MAXIMUS THE CONFESSOR AND ST. JOHN OF DAMASCUS, 16TH C. The Monastery of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem 8 wameba wmidisa da didebulisa mowamisa arCilisi romeli iyo mefe qarTlisa leonti mroveli da viTar gardaÃdes weliwadni ormocdaaTni, kualad movi- 5 da WiWnaum, Ze mohamedisi, moaoÃra da Semusra yoveli Senebuli qarTlisa, da mimarTa Seslvad kaxeTad, raTamca moaoÃra da yovliTurT umkÂdro yo. da iyo SiSi didi mefeTa da mTavarTa da yovlisa erisa, da ara SemZlebel iyvnes winaaRdgomad: rame- Tu raÁTgan ganeryuna queyana ese yrusa, daRacaTu gardavlna 10 Jamni mravalni mSÂdobiT, arRara mogebul iyo kualsa TÂssa. xolo wmidaman arCil ganizraxa gonebasa TÂssa, simÃniTa gulisa misisaTa, raTa mivides da naxos, da iTxovos misgan mSÂdobaÁ queyanisaÁ da dacva Seuryevelad eklesiaTa da ara dapatiJeba datevebisaTÂs sjulisa. mindobiTa RmrTisaTa aRir- 15 Cia Tavisa TÂsisa da sulisa dadeba saÃsrad qristianeTa, aRdga da mivida WiWnaums Tana, romelsa ewoda asim. xolo man viTar cna mislva misi, miegeba sixaruliT, da moikiTxa didiTa didebiTa. dayves dRe igi erTobiT. aqo sikeTe misi, Seuy- uarda sisrule asakisa misisa da umetesad Sueniereba pirisa misisa. 20 Semdgomad mciredTa dReTa iwyo liqniT sityuad, aRuTqmida niWiTa da awuevda datevebasa qristes sjulisasa da miqcevad sarkinozad. xolo wmidaman arCil yovladve ara Tavs-idva sicbili misi, da mtkiciTa gonebiTa miugo da rqua: „nu iyofin; Tumca sityuaTa Seni- Ta vismine, anumca dauteve qriste RmerTi cxoveli, romeli-igi ars 25 RmerTi WeSmariti, romelman ÃsnisaTÂ Cuenisa ÃorciTa sikudili daiTmina, _ da ukeTu vismino Seni, uwyode, romel movkude siku- diliTa romliTa vitanjebodi saukunod. garna ukeTu Sen momkla, aRvdge viTarca RmerTi Cueni da mis Tanaca vidido“. Pro Georgia, 2016, t. 26, s. 9-16 9 ARTICLES AND STUDIES LEONTI MROWELI – MĘCZEŃSTWO ŚWIĘTEGO ARCZILA, KTÓRY BYŁ KRÓLEM KARTLII1 Z języka starogruzińskiego przełożył i komentarzem opatrzył David Kolbaia Po upływie pięćdziesięciu lat znowu przybył Czicznaum2, syn Mu- hammeda, spustoszył i zrujnował wszystkie budowle w Kartlii3 i udał się w kierunku Kachetii4, by zniszczyć i całkowicie wytępić ludzi tam zamieszkujących. Wielki strach ogarnął królów, mtawarów5 i cały lud. Nie mogli stanąć do walki, bo od tych czasów, kiedy zniszczył tę ziemię Kru6, chociaż minęło już wiele lat, nie podniosła się ona do dawnej świetności. Wtedy to święty Arczil w swoim walecznym sercu postanowił spo- tkać się (z Czicznaumem) i prosić o pokój dla swojego kraju, ochronę świątyń przed zrujnowaniem i o zaprzestanie prześladowania za wier- ność swojej wierze. I, mając nadzieję w Panu, postanowił poświęcić swoje ciało i duszę dla dobra chrześcijan. Stanął przed Czicznaumem, którego zwali Asim7. Gdy tylko (Asim) dowiedział się o jego przybyciu, rozradowa- ny, gościnny wyszedł mu naprzeciw i witał go z należnymi honora- mi. Spędzili cały dzień razem. Ów (Asim) docenił jego waleczność, spodobała mu się piękna twarz i postura Arczila. Minęło kilka dni, a Asim zwrócił się do Arczila: schlebiał mu, obiecywał dary i wzywał, by wyrzekł się wiary chrześcijańskiej i przyjął wiarę Saracenów8. Ale święty Arczil nie uległ pokusom i stanowczo odpowiedział: „Rze- kłeś, a ja, chociaż wysłuchałem słów twoich o odrzuceniu Chrystusa, Boga twórcy życia, Boga jedynego, który za nasze zbawienie przyjął w swoim ciele śmierć za nas, jeśli posłucham ciebie, wiedz, że gdy umrę, będę skazany na wieczne męki. Jednak jeśli ty mnie zabijesz, zmartwychwstanę i wstąpię z Nim do nieba”. 10 LEONTI MROWELI esma ra ese yoveli usjulosa mas da ixila simtkice misi uqceveli, daukÂrda friad da ubrZana Sepyroba misi da Sey- eneba sapyrobilesa, raTa RonisZiebiTa miaqcios; rameTu ara sTnda sikudili misi siSuenierisaTÂs asakisa misisa. da viTar 5 Seayenes sapyrobilesa, akurTxevda RmerTsa da iTxovda Sewe- vnasa misgan, raTa mowyalebiTa misiTa Rirs yos mimTxuevad da mkÂdr-yofad naTelsa dausrulebelsa yovelTa Tana wmidi- Ta, romelTa RmrTisaTÂs sikudiliTa ukudaveba moiges. maSin ukue warmodga winaSe asimisa mTavari erTi gardabane- 10 li, miqceuli sarkinozad, romlisa mamis Zma moekla wanarTa da mklvelni misni ganerinnes mSÂdobiT papasa arCilissa, adarnase me- fesa. amisTÂs ukue Suri igo gardabanelman da rqua asims: „ara uwy- ia Tu vin aris ese arCil? ese ars Ze stefanozisi, naTesavi didisa mefisa vaxtangisi, romeli iyo naTesavisagan mirianisa, Zisa qasresa. 15 da ase iyo mamisa Taisa Tana, raJams igi dahflvides saganZurTa samefosa qarTlisaTa; da igica icis, romel erakle mefeman daflna saganZurni TÂsni, rameTu erakleca uCuenebda, sadaca dahflvida“. esma Ra ese yoveli asims, mouwoda kualad arCils da rqua: „uwin Tual-gasuen qmnulkeTilobisa SenisaTÂs, rameTu friad- 20 ca qmnul keTil xar, xolo aw miTxres SenTÂs, rameTu Svili xar didTa mefeTa xuasroanTa, aramed aw ufrosad
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