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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Persian Expedition may refer to: Expeditions [ edit ] A expedition commanded by Stepan Razin A expedition commanded by Peter the Great The Persian Expedition of , commanded by Catherine the Great Other meanings [ edit ] Anabasis Xenophon , a written work, titled Persian Expedition in a well-known translation Disambiguation page providing links to topics that could be referred to by the same search term. Categories : Disambiguation pages. Xenophon was an Athenian country gentleman born about BC. He may have helped to publish Thucydides' History, and certainly wrote his own Hellenica as a continuation of it. By his own probably reliable account he was a fine officer and outstanding leader, but his admiration for Sparta and devotion to Socrates, among other causes, led to his banishment. He was given an estate at Scillus and settled down to enjoy the life of a landed aristocrat, and it was during this period that he began to write histories, biographies, memoirs and specialist treatises. The defeat of Sparta in forced him to move to Corinth where he probably lived for the rest of his life. Search books and authors. Buy from…. View all online retailers Find local retailers. Also by Xenophon. Related titles. World History. The Cut Out Girl. The Greeks March with Seuthes 4. Successful Fighting with Seuthes 5. Trouble About the Pay 6. Xenophon is Attacked and Defends Himself 7. Xenophon Speaks to Seuthes 8. Xenophon Leaves the Army Glossary Index. When you buy a book, we donate a book. Sign in. Our Holiday Gift Guide. Jun 30, ISBN Add to Cart. Also available from:. Paperback —. Also by Xenophon. Product Details. Inspired by Your Browsing History. The Northern Crusades. Eric Christiansen. Fourteen Byzantine Rulers. Michael Psellus. A History of My Times. The Rise and Fall of Athens. Alexander the Great. The Jewish War. Flavius Josephus and Betty Radice. The Age of Alexander. Agricola and the Germania. The Campaigns of Alexander. The Birth of Classical Europe. Peter Thonemann and Simon Price. The Thirty Years War. Writings from Ancient Egypt. The Spartans. Paul Cartledge. The History of Alexander. Quintus Curtius Rufus. The Civil Wars. The Persian Expedition by Xenophon: | : Books

Xenophon Takes the Initiative 2. The Council of War 3. The Greeks Suffer from Slings and Arrows 4. Tissaphernes Still in Pursuit 5. The Entry into Kurdestan 2. Fighting in the Mountains 3. The Crossing into Armenia 4. They Sack the Camp of Tiribazus 5. Marching Through the Snow 6. They Capture a Pass by a Manoeuvre 7. The Greeks Catch Sight of the Sea 8. Chirisophus Goes to Get Ships 2. A Plundering Expedition 3. The Barbarous Mossynoeici 5. Xenophon Speaks for the Army 6. Xenophon Thinks of Founding a City 7. Xenophon Defends Himself 8. Xenophon Refuses the Offer of the Supreme Command 2. The Army Splits into Three 3. Xenophon Rescues the Arcadians 4. The Army Reunited. Difficulties About Provisions 5. A Greek Victory 6. Trouble at Byzantium 2. Xenophon Negotiates with Seuthes 3. The Greeks March with Seuthes 4. Successful Fighting with Seuthes 5. Trouble About the Pay 6. Xenophon is Attacked and Defends Himself 7. Xenophon Speaks to Seuthes 8. Xenophon Leaves the Army Glossary Index. When you buy a book, we donate a book. Sign in. Our Holiday Gift Guide. Jun 30, ISBN Add to Cart. Also available from:. Paperback —. Also by Xenophon. Product Details. Inspired by Your Browsing History. The Northern Crusades. Eric Christiansen. Fourteen Byzantine Rulers. Michael Psellus. A History of My Times. The Rise and Fall of Athens. Alexander the Great. The Jewish War. Flavius Josephus and Betty Radice. The Age of Alexander. Agricola and the Germania. The Campaigns of Alexander. The Birth of Classical Europe. Peter Thonemann and Simon Price. The Thirty Years War. In this outstanding description of endurance and individual bravery, Xenophon, one of those chosen to lead the retreating army, provides a vivid narrative of the campaign and its aftermath, and his account remains one of the best pictures we have of Greeks confronting a 'barbarian' world. Other books in this series. Meditations Marcus Aurelius. Add to basket. Letters from a Stoic Seneca. The Republic Plato. Frankenstein Mary Shelley. Eichmann in Jerusalem Hannah Arendt. Thus Spoke Zarathustra Friedrich Nietzsche. Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad. Wuthering Heights Emily Bronte. Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen. Beyond Good and Evil Friedrich Nietzsche. Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte. Twelve Angry Men Reginald Rose. The Three Theban Plays Sophocles. Discourses and Selected Writings Epictetus. Anna Karenina Leo Tolstoy. Cyrus Builds up His Army 2. The March from Sardis to Tarsus 3. Clearchus Deals with a Mutiny 4. Through the Syrian Gates and Across the Euphrates 5. The Arabian Desert. Quarrel Between Menon and Clearchus 6. Cyrus Deals with a Traitor 7. Cyrus Prepares for Battle, but the King Retreats 8. The Battle of Cunaxa and Death of Cyrus 9. The Character of Cyrus The King's Messenger 2. The Greeks Join Arieaeus 3. The Greeks sign a Treaty with Tissaphernes 4. The March Begins with Mutual Suspicion 5. Tissaphernes' Treachery 6. Xenophon Takes the Initiative 2. The Council of War 3. The Greeks Suffer from Slings and Arrows 4. Tissaphernes Still in Pursuit 5. The Entry into Kurdestan 2. Fighting in the Mountains 3. The Crossing into Armenia 4. They Sack the Camp of Tiribazus 5. Marching Through the Snow 6. They Capture a Pass by a Manoeuvre 7. The Greeks Catch Sight of the Sea 8. Chirisophus Goes to Get Ships 2. A Plundering Expedition 3. The Barbarous Mossynoeici 5. Xenophon Speaks for the Army 6. Xenophon Thinks of Founding a City 7. Xenophon Defends Himself 8. Xenophon Refuses the Offer of the Supreme Command 2. The Army Splits into Three 3. Xenophon Rescues the Arcadians 4. The Army Reunited. Difficulties About Provisions 5. A Greek Victory 6. Trouble at Byzantium 2. Xenophon Negotiates with Seuthes 3. The Persian Expedition by Xenophon - Penguin Books Australia

Dakyns Translator ,. George Cawkwell Introduction. In The Persian Expedition, Xenophon, a young Athenian noble who sought his destiny abroad, provides an enthralling eyewitness account of the attempt by a Greek mercenary army - the Ten Thousand - to help Prince Cyrus overthrow his brother and take the Persian throne. When the Greeks were then betrayed by their Persian employers, they were forced to march home through hundr In The Persian Expedition, Xenophon, a young Athenian noble who sought his destiny abroad, provides an enthralling eyewitness account of the attempt by a Greek mercenary army - the Ten Thousand - to help Prince Cyrus overthrow his brother and take the Persian throne. When the Greeks were then betrayed by their Persian employers, they were forced to march home through hundreds of miles of difficult terrain - adrift in a hostile country and under constant attack from the unforgiving Persians and warlike tribes. In this outstanding description of endurance and individual bravery, Xenophon, one of those chosen to lead the retreating army, provides a vivid narrative of the campaign and its aftermath, and his account remains one of the best pictures we have of Greeks confronting a 'barbarian' world. Get A Copy. Paperback , pages. Published January 29th by Penguin Classics first published More Details Original Title. Other Editions Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about The Persian Expedition , please sign up. This question contains spoilers… view spoiler [whats languages Translated? Its ours Ancient history , I am Persian and Proud to long history hide spoiler ]. See 1 question about The Persian Expedition…. Lists with This Book. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 4. Rating details. More filters. Sort order. Start your review of The Persian Expedition. Dec 22, Mike rated it liked it Shelves: history-ancient , history , near-east , translated , war , reviewed , classics. The Persian Expedition or The Anabasis , or The March Up Country tells the story of an army of Greek mercenaries who ended up fighting for the losing side of a Persian civil war and must travel through hostile territory to return home. And this isn't a metter of just dialing up 10, Uber rides besides, the surge fee would be enormous , they have to march through hundreds of miles of hostile territory with both natives and the Persian army seeking to block their way. They are completely on th The Persian Expedition or The Anabasis , or The March Up Country tells the story of an army of Greek mercenaries who ended up fighting for the losing side of a Persian civil war and must travel through hostile territory to return home. They are completely on their own with no help on the way. It is, at the very least, a compelling story and has the benefit of actually happening. This was certainly an interesting reading experience. The writing style was definitely not of the modern world. A good chunk of it was devoted to explaining the movements of the Greek forces through hostile territory. As in They marched X leagues to this new area and chilled for a bit. There was much food and supplies to be acquired. There were also some extended paragraphs of people not characters mind you, all these people actually existed giving speeches, there was little to no dialogue and everything was stated in a very matter of fact manner. While similar to other period books I read in terms of the structure, however I thought the prose didn't reach the same elevated level History of the Peloponnesian War reached. One must keep in mind that this account comes to us from Xenophon, a Greek and eventual leader of the expedition. So we run the risk of leaning on this account too much since the source is rather biased. Xenophon comes off as a perfectly selfless and noble leader among men, almost too perfect. Everyone who opposes him is often shown as conniving and devious. Clearly salt should be taken when reading this account. It is also important to remember the people on the other side of the story. Here is this 10, man strong mercenary force traveling through a hostile land and basically living off of it and any stored supplies they can capture. They are basically heavily armed locusts with a lot of military experience and no compunction against harming "barbarian" people. I imagine the story from their victims gives a very different account. All in all this was an interesting read in so far as it gives a contemporary account of Greek culture and world view for instance: the Greeks love sacrificing stuff to figure out the best course of action. IT was like every other page it was time for another sacrifice. It was also a good illustration of just how decentralized everything was compared to modern nation states. Greek cities basically did their own thing even if they were bound loosely by a common culture. The Persian Empire was more a collection of kingdoms held in line by the central Persian authority's ability to punish or reward them, much different from even the Roman Empire. The past truly is a foreign country in many respects. So while I wouldn't recommend this book in terms a pure entertainment, it was an illuminating look into the time and is worthwhile on that account. View all 3 comments. Xenophon is an ambitious 20ish man from a prominent family in Athens that doesn't have money anymore because of the war with Sparta, which they lost. He agrees to his friend's Proxenus plee , urging him to fight for the treacherous Prince Cyrus, younger brother of Artaxerxes II , the Persian king in B. With the end of the Peloponnesian War and Sparta's victory over dejected Athens, the glory has vanished. The impoverished Greeks look to the Persian Empire for any loot they can get there h Xenophon is an ambitious 20ish man from a prominent family in Athens that doesn't have money anymore because of the war with Sparta, which they lost. The impoverished Greeks look to the Persian Empire for any loot they can get there hands on. Cyrus doesn't tell his foreign mercenaries, the 10, that he wants to replace his brother as king. The Greeks were ostensibly recruited to defeat local enemies and receive coins. When Cyrus is slain at the battle of Cunaxa, the foreigners have lost their reason for being in Persia, in a hostile nation which despises the invaders. After the Greek generals are killed by treachery, a meeting that was a bloodbath , no leaders either. Can they survive unfriendly tribes , get passed wide rivers , over high mountains, overcome snowy weather and get back to their native, wonderful Greece alive? New leaders are chosen and Xenophon becomes a general, a dubious honor in these bleak conditions. The long march continues, day after endless day, week after week , month after month, step after tired step always forward never looking back until they reach their native land with 6, left. But having little plunder , the mercenaries return to the Persian Empire, get rich they hope and fight in a local war, after all they're soldiers! A tremendous book that tells not only about brutal battles but even better the way the ancients lived , worked, and hated, a little love too, fought wars, not a pleasant subject yet necessary for our understanding of them, culture changes, however the human spirit remains the same For those interested in history this can't be beat, written by a man who experience the horrific adventure and lived View 1 comment. The narrative moves at a nice clip though at the expense of detail. The Ten Thousand, as the Greek mercenaries are known, advance a thousand miles from Greek Sardis in Asia Minor to Babylon only to have Cyrus die in battle and leave them stranded. I am not a big reader of military histories. This subject interested me because I had liked Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War so much. This account is not as good as that. Thucydides sought something like journalistic objectivity in his account and he had a gift for detail. Xenophon lacks any such narrative balance or descriptive acumen. In fact, much of the last half of the book might be regarded as auto-hagiography if there is such a thing since Xenophon was or considered himself to be a major player in the action. After Cyrus's death the Greeks have to fight their way back home along a much longer route. Understandably, very few native peoples are happy to let an army of this size pass unmolested through their lands, especially when plunder is a necessary means of survival for the Greeks. Xenophon proceeds by way of travelogue interrupted now and then by biographies of those significant persons, usually generals, who are killed in action. Here you will find all the elements of a spirited adventure narrative: heroism, military battle, treachery, megalomania, sacking of villages, taking of prisoners, sacrifices to the gods and so on. Especially interesting too is the soothsaying by way of animal entrails. Chapter 1 Book 6 of this translation features a fascinating account of the various dances done during a respite by the soldiers who represent all regions of Greece. My favorite passage however comes late in the book when Xenophon has to control his unruly soldiers at Byzantium. The way he assuages their anger and then talks them out of sacking the Spartan-run city is a joy to read. Highly recommended. View 2 comments. Nov 26, Paul Christensen rated it it was amazing. When you're set upon - read Xenophon. Apr 08, Doug rated it really liked it. A bit dry in parts perhaps but a necessary read for any student or aficionado of Greek history. The story of Xenophon and his march with his fellow Greeks across the deserts and wilderness of places like modern day Iraq and Turkey is a fascinating and timeless one. I think my biggest takeaway in reading this book was just how alien the ancient world really is to us. For all the ways we like to compare ourselves to the Ancient Greeks - their ideals of freedom of thought, democratic principles, an A bit dry in parts perhaps but a necessary read for any student or aficionado of Greek history. For all the ways we like to compare ourselves to the Ancient Greeks - their ideals of freedom of thought, democratic principles, and philosophies - the ancient world would be a completely foreign and crazy world to any modern person. Take the amount of times the Greeks have to make a sacrifice to the gods, for instance, before a major or even minor decision. If I had played a drinking game and taken a shot every time the Greeks sacrificed to the gods in this book, I would have been dead by page View all 4 comments. Jul 31, Trevor rated it really liked it Shelves: biography , history. Xenophon has become a bit of a fascination of mine at the moment. Amazing story. A group of Greek mercenaries go off to raid, rape and pillage their way through Persia, when things go awry — seriously awry. All of the leaders are killed — one after being tortured Xenophon has become a bit of a fascination of mine at the moment. This is in part a tale of privations — but only in part. There are interesting bits where he discusses the local customs of the peoples he comes across. Also interesting were the bits where he discusses, in a remarkably off-hand manner, torturing prisoners. The homosexuality of some of the soldiers made me think of all that trouble there was in the US army a while ago over just this issue. There is a point in this book where they decide they have to get rid of all superfluous baggage, but Xenophon notes that some soldiers still hid away some pretty boys and even some women. Even women? Who'd have thought! What I found most interesting though, was the discussions of sacrifices to see if the time was auspicious to take a particular action. At the start he goes over to see his good friend Socrates to find out if he ought to go off to war and Socrates advises him to consult the Delphic Oracle — I mean, imagine! Socrates then criticises him for not asking the right question of the Oracle — and if anyone knows anything about questions, it is Socrates. What was perhaps most human about this was that the army was united under attack throughout its journey, but became fragmented once back on Greek soil I mean territory. And the cause of the fragmentation? Well, naturally that other great divider of humanity — Nationality. If only one could wrap all of the world's holy books in all of the world's flags and drop them somewhere out of harms way — imagine! It perhaps suffers a little by being written by Xenophon and so he tends to give himself a remarkably good rap — but there are times when he goes on about his men only remembering the beatings and not remembering the praise … you know, it is funny how people are like that, totally lacking in gratitude. Jan 28, Darwin8u rated it it was amazing Shelves: , aere-perennius. Herodotus might have been the Father of History, but Xenophon was the cool, older brother. This experience, which Will Durrant once called "one of the great adventures in human history," can be read as history, adventure story, leadership manual, or a real-life application of Socratic philosophy. Sep 23, Palmyrah rated it it was amazing. The marched and fought their way right round Turkey! And a good chunk of Iraq, too! All the way from the Ionian coast to Mesopotamia — they got within fighting distance of Babylon — and then all the way back to the Bosporus here's a map. They fought the Persians, the Kurds, the Armenians, the Thracians and anyone else who got in their way. And all they were doing was trying to get home. It took them fifteen months. There were ten thousand of them to begin with and eight thousand left at the end The marched and fought their way right round Turkey! There were ten thousand of them to begin with and eight thousand left at the end. Some were killed in battle, some perished from cold in the high mountain passes, some died of treachery. And when they reached the relative safety of the Black Sea coast, they took to quarrelling amongst themselves. An absolutely amazing story—a combination of traveller's tale, adventure story, manual of military tactics and meditation on man's ingratitude. One of the great literary works of civilisation, the Anabasis is also a rattling good read. Jul 15, Todd N rated it it was amazing Recommends it for: Everyone. Them nutty ancient Greeks have a way of cheering me up. Cyrus leads his army deep into Persia and manages to get himself killed in the first battle. After that the Persian part of the army sort of melts away, and the Greeks are left stranded deep in the heart of hostile Persian territory. In fact, the majority of the remaining part of the army are preparing to set sail to go fight the Persians again at the end. Because it's the Greeks, there is lots of warring followed by plenty of speechifying. Occasionally there is diplomacy. It's always interesting when Greeks meet up with non- Greeks, because you always learn something new about the Greeks, even if it's that they feel that some boys are just too darn pretty to put to death or that they don't care for dolphin fat unless it's mixed with water. When the Ten Thousand finally reach the Hellespont, things get a little confusing at least for me they did. Sparta -- recently having won the Peloponnesian Wars -- was in control of the area, and wasn't super thrilled about having thousands upon thousands of hungry, horny, and battle-hardened troops idling around near an important city and port. Categories : Disambiguation pages. Hidden categories: Disambiguation pages with short descriptions Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages. Namespaces Article Talk. By the fourth century bce, however, these amateur citizen warriors were being replaced more and more by professionally trained full-time soldiers. Although Xenophon presents himself as getting along well with Chirisophus, some modern scholars suggest that Xenophon minimizes the leadership of the Spartan commander while exaggerating his own contributions. Clearchus, a second Spartan commander Clearchus is among the Greek leaders murdered by the Persians after the battle of Cunaxa. Pharnabazus, Persian satrap governor Pharnabazus wields authority over northwestern Asia Minor. Thibron, a Spartan commander Arriving after the expedition returns, Thibron hires the soldiers to make war on Persian forces in Asia Minor. Xenophon An Athenian gentleman who accompanies the expedition, and the author of The Persian Expedition. His initial status—was he a soldier or an observer at first? Often such soldiers hired themselves out as mercenaries to the city-state that was the highest bidder. By the end of the Classical period, the highly trained professional peltast phalanx had emerged as the force that would allow Alexander the Great to conquer much of the known world, including the Persian Empire. And although their number included both hoplites and peltasts, their mission deep into hostile territory clearly demonstrated the advantages of traveling light and striking from afar. Although Xenophon himself was present during many of the events he describes in The Persian Expedition , he tells the story in the third person. At the beginning, the story is about Cyrus and his Greek mercenaries; by the end, it is primarily about Xenophon. The narrative is conventionally divided into 9 books actually sections , each with chapters subsections. The story opens with a summary of the circumstances that led Cyrus to attempt to over-throw his older brother, Artaxerxes II, the reigning king of Persia explained above. Cyrus begins gathering an army of Greek mercenaries. Cyrus gives each commander large sums of money to attract the best soldiers. After reporting to Cyrus at Sardis, the seat of Persian power in western Asia Minor, the Greek commanders and their troops set out with Cyrus on the long march into Persia. They number 11, hoplites and 2, peltasts, 13, in all. Meanwhile, Tissaphernes warns Artaxerxes that Cyrus is marching against him, and Artaxerxes begins preparing his own army for battle. By the time they reach Tarsus, near the Syrian border, the soldiers suspect that they are really marching against the Persian king and threaten to mutiny. Soon afterward the expedition is joined by Chirisophus, a junior Spartan commander who will later take a leading role. Only when they reach the city of Thapsacus, on the Euphrates River, does Cyrus openly reveal to the Greeks that they are marching against his brother, the king. Cyrus and the Greek commanders deal with several disciplinary problems during the harsh desert crossing. The army makes it across the desert and begins marching through Babylonia. When Artaxerxes retreats instead of giving battle, Cyrus becomes less cautious and moves forward quickly. At the town of Cunaxa the exact site of Cunaxa remains controversial , Artaxerxes turns to attack. Although the Greeks break through the opposing Persian lines in many places, Cyrus himself is killed in the fighting. Believing they have won the battle, the Greeks do not learn that Cyrus is dead until the next morning. At first amazed, they quickly grow despondent. The king sends heralds to negotiate with the Greek commanders, and the two sides agree to a temporary truce, to remain in force as long as the Greeks stay where they are. The Greeks head north, to the southern shore of the Black Sea , setting out for the Greek colonies there. Followed by a large Per-sian force, the Greeks are tense and suspect that the Persians mean to attack. Tissaphernes allays their suspicions, making a show of friendship to-ward Clearchus and inviting him and the other Greek leaders to dinner. Once he has the Greek commanders in his tent, he arrests them and soon afterward the king has them executed. The Greeks are now thrown into turmoil and depression. Surrounded by the enemy, they have lost most of their best leaders, including Clearchus and Proxenus. They are still at least miles from Trapezus, the nearest Greek city on the Black Sea. To get there, they face rugged, mountainous terrain, wide rivers, and hostile peoples. First, though, they must avoid destruction by the Persians. That night Xenophon assists in gathering the remaining Greek officers. As they meet, he urges them to rise to the occasion:. I think that first of all you could do a great service to the army by appointing generals and captains as quickly as possible to take the places of those whom we have lost. For where there is no one in control nothing useful or distinguished can ever get done. This is roughly true of all departments of life, and is entirely true where soldiering is concerned. Here it is discipline that makes one feel safe, while lack of discipline has destroyed many people before now. He advises the officers to call a meeting of the whole army, to let the soldiers know that the commanders have been replaced and to raise their morale. At the general meeting that follows, the new commanders address the soldiers. Xenophon gives several lengthy speeches, encouraging the troops and making tactical suggestions that are immediately adopted. For example, he advises traveling in a hollow square formation, with baggage carriers, servants, and others inside, protected by hoplites making up the square. On this basis, the Greeks begin the journey, modifying the formation somewhat as circumstances demand but generally sticking to the basic square. They improvise weapons and tactics as they go, adapting to the changing terrain and varying peoples whom they meet along the way. Lacking cavalry and archers, at first they are harried by mounted Persian bowmen. In response, the Greeks create a small cavalry force using some of the baggage horses; they also deploy foot soldiers with slings, or leather pouches that they whirl to shoot small lead balls against the enemy. Tissaphernes follows the Greeks with a large army, and the two sides skirmish continu-ally. Both sides send out advance parties to capture summits and other high ground over the route that the Greeks will take, and they fight several pitched battles. Evading Tissaphernes once and for all, the Greeks cross into the rugged land of the Carduchi, a warlike people who have repelled Per-sian attempts to conquer them. Still under attack, they cross a large river into Armenia, a province of Persia. There they are pursued by a Persian army under Tiribazus, the governor of Armenia. They march through days of heavy snow, bitter cold, and mountainous terrain:. After weeks of hard winter marching, the Greeks emerge from mountainous Armenia, crossing through the lands of the Phasians, Taochi, Chalybes, and Scytheni. Finally from the summit of a high mountain, the men in front catch sight of the Black Sea and let out a shout. Xenophon and the others in the rear assume they are being attacked. The sea! Then certainly they all began to run, the rearguard and all, and drove on the baggage animals and the horses at full speed; and when they had all got to the top, the soldiers, with tears in their eyes, embraced each other and their generals and captains. The entire force at this point amounts to roughly 10,, which suggests a loss of about 3, troops. Unable to secure ships to sail home, the expedition marches from Trapezus westward along the southern coast of the Black Sea, towards the region known as Paphlagonia. Along the way, the men stop at other Greek colonies, such as Cerasus, Cotyora, and Sinope. At Cotyora the men find enough ships to hold all of them so they continue by sea. When they arrive in Paphlagonia, the land is so attractive that Xenophon suggests settling there and establishing a colony, but most of the soldiers prefer to continue homeward. From Paphlagonia they sail to Heraclea, an-other Greek colony. Xenophon leads one of the groups. They have little success, being attacked by local peoples such as Bithynians and Phrygians, as well as by. Colonies such as those mentioned in The Persian Expedition constituted an important way in which Greeks expanded their presence in lands beyond Greece itself. Xenophon, who proposed starting a colony in Paphlagonia with the men from the expedition, had earlier brought up the possibility of returning one day to Asia Minor with a colonizing group. The Persian Expedition , 3. Persian forces under Pharnabazus, the Persian governor of northwestern Asia Minor. Reunited, the expedition then scores a victory over the Persians in a pitched battle. After this the Persians keep their distance, and the soldiers have less trouble finding food. They march on to Chrysopolis, and then cross the Bosporus to Byzantium, where the Spartan admiral Anaxibius has promised to pay them.

The Persian Expedition by Xenophon

Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Disambiguation page providing links to topics that could be referred to by the same search term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Persian Expedition. Xenophon Defends Himself 8. Xenophon Refuses the Offer of the Supreme Command 2. The Army Splits into Three 3. Xenophon Rescues the Arcadians 4. The Army Reunited. Difficulties About Provisions 5. A Greek Victory 6. Trouble at Byzantium 2. Xenophon Negotiates with Seuthes 3. The Greeks March with Seuthes 4. Successful Fighting with Seuthes 5. Trouble About the Pay 6. Xenophon is Attacked and Defends Himself 7. Xenophon Speaks to Seuthes 8. Xenophon Leaves the Army Glossary Index. When you buy a book, we donate a book. Sign in. Our Holiday Gift Guide. Jun 30, ISBN Add to Cart. Also available from:. Paperback —. Also by Xenophon. Product Details. Inspired by Your Browsing History. The Northern Crusades. Eric Christiansen. Fourteen Byzantine Rulers. Michael Psellus. A History of My Times. The Rise and Fall of Athens. Alexander the Great. The Jewish War. Flavius Josephus and Betty Radice. The Age of Alexander. Agricola and the Germania. The Campaigns of Alexander. The Birth of Classical Europe. Peter Thonemann and Simon Price. The Thirty Years War. Writings from Ancient Egypt. The Spartans. Paul Cartledge. The History of Alexander. Quintus Curtius Rufus. The Civil Wars. Warriors of God. James Reston, Jr. The Histories. A History of Egypt. Jason Thompson. Richard Leigh and Michael Baigent. Rome and Italy. John Julius Norwich. Chronicles of the First Crusade. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy.

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