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Home , Adiabene, Amida (Mesopotamia), Arsamosata, Artaxata, Batman (unit), Chalybes

Map 89 Compiled by S.E. Kroll (), M. Roaf, St J. Simpson and T. Sinclair (), 1996

Introduction

Turkey The occupied parts of the area covered by the map, and from 591 nearly all of it. Moreover, irrespective of political hegemony, the Armenian and Syrian here were by virtue of culture and religion an extension of the Greek and Roman world. Armenia in the Roman and Late Antique periods was bounded to the west by the R. and to the south by the , apart from the upper basin (districts of Ingilene, Sophanene and Arzanene). The area to the south of the Taurus was not considered part of Armenia nor settled by , but was inhabited by . The northern edge of the map more or less coincides with the boundary of Armenia in the Roman and Late Antique periods, except towards the east, where significant districts of Armenia–the plain east of the R. Araxes and the mountainous area around Lychnitis Limne–lie within Map 88. The parts of Armenia on Map 89 consist mostly of plains separated by mountains and hills. Elevation rises from west to east, reaching about 5,000 ft in the Thospitis Limne basin. It drops, however, in the basin of Matiane Limne and the Araxes plain further north; these two areas were part of during , but were counted within Armenia by the early seventh century A.D. (they are now in Iranian ). Despite its height and partly mountainous nature, the terrain of Armenia was capable of supporting a large and quite evenly dispersed population. Pottery surveys, together with such excavation as has taken place, show that Armenia was most densely populated during the Roman period, with the exception of the Thospitis Limne , where the pre-Achaemenid Urartian occupation was the most active. Archaeological excavation over the whole area, within classical Armenia or beyond, has been largely confined to rescue work behind the on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, and to pre-Achaemenid sites elsewhere. Pottery surveys apart, surface-instrument survey of sites, as opposed to standing monuments, has been mostly limited to Urartian settlements. This said, Atropatene is an exception on both counts. More systematic excavation work could well lead to more complete and satisfactory identification of known toponyms, and would certainly permit a better-balanced picture of occupation with the inclusion of significant unnamed sites. Except in Atropatene, virtually none of the unnamed sites excavated counts as significant at this scale. For the most part, the toponyms known from Greek and sources occur in texts which–from a geographic perspective–are highly unsystematic. They are therefore supplemented selectively by Armenian and Syriac names. and The difficulties of working with limited evidence (both written and material) in this general area, as outlined in the Introduction to Map 91, apply here likewise. The standard study of the region during classical antiquity is the important and useful work of Dillemann (1962). Unfortunately, however, many of his proposals cannot be confirmed, and his locations for ancient toponyms (except in a few cases) are disputed. Although large numbers of churches and are recorded in texts (Fiey 1965), relatively few of them can be identified with existing ruins, and even fewer such sites can be shown to have existed before the Islamic period. The road system is discussed by Dillemann (1962) and Oates (1968; 1990). Only small fragments of constructed roads have been discovered, and none of these is securely dated. Bridges have been identified as Roman, although they may date to a later period. Some milestones have been found, but perhaps not in situ. “Hollow ways” identified on the plains of northern Iraq and Syria (Wilkinson 1995) may indicate the positions of ancient routes. MAP 89 ARMENIA 1269

There is no evidence for large-scale canal building except in the river valleys. A canal (not marked) investigated between Tell Sahlan and Tell Hammam al-Turkmen in the R. Balihu valley has been dated by excavation to the (Gerritsen 1996). In all likelihood, during classical times, as today, canals were constructed to irrigate the river valleys. Iran See Introduction to Map 90.

Directory All place names are in Turkey unless otherwise noted

Abbreviations

GCyp ...G H. Gelzer (ed.), Georgii Cyprii Descriptio Orbis Romani, Teubner, Leipzig, 1890 (for passages omitted from Honigmann’s edition) GCyp ...H E. Honigmann (ed.), Le Synekdèmos d’Hiéroklès et l’opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre, Brussels, 1939 TIB Kappadokien F. Hild and M. Restle, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 2, Kappadokien (Kappadokia, , und ), DenkWien 149, 1981

Names

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B2 Abarne L Çermik GCyp 931H; Honigmann 1935, 35 C3 Aborras/ SYR / TKY See Map 91 Chaboras fl. D1 Abos M. R Bingöl Dağ Strabo 11.14.2, 13; T. Sinclair E1 Acachia L Tutak? GeogRav 2.9; T. Sinclair E3 Ad fl. Tigrim L Dillemann 1962, 160 Ad Pontem? = Tel Afar C3 Ad Tygrem/ L/ Diyarbakır Palmer 1990; Sinclair 1996, VII.2 L D1 Adconfluentes L Köprüköy Manandian 1965, 91, 96-98 F4 IRQ See Map 91 C3 Adipte L 4 miles E Bismil? Sinclair 1996, VII.2 Aegea = Elegeia B1 Aga M. R mountains between RE Xerxene, col. 2094; T. Sinclair Derzene plain and F2 Aghtamar L Aghtamar Garsoian 1989, 438 C3 Ain al-Qerd ACHR SYR Lyonnet 1996, site 38 E4 Ain Sinu/ RL?/ Ain al-Shaheed IRQ Oates 1968, 73-92 Zagurae? R?L § Zogorra? L Dillemann 1962, 136 H3 Ain-i Rum tepe CH IRN Kroll 2000, UR 107 B3 Aisoumas M. L Karaca Dağ Honigmann 1935, 25 D2 Akbas L Başka Kale Honigmann 1935, 24-25, 27; T. Sinclair A1 Akilisene HR districts of Kemah and Adontz 1970, 43-45 Eriza in upper R. Euphrates valley, and of Ovacık to S Kemah G2 Aladagh Qal'eh RL near Var village IRN Kleiss 1979, 202-203, 233-34 B4 Alagma R near R. Balikh SYR T. Feyter Alaina? = Tell Hayal E2 Alarodioi C region Hewsen 1983, 126, 129-31, 133 G2 Alouaka R Başkale? Ptol. 6.2.10 B1 Altıntepe CL Summers 1993, 88-95 Amida = Ad Tygrem 1270 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C3 Ammodios/ R?L/ Amuda SYR Dillemann 1962, 159 Amouda R?L § Ammidios § Ammodion § Amudis § Chanmaudi? L Dilleman 1962, 136 B1 Anaetica Regio R vicinity Russell 1987, 248; T. Sinclair Anastasioupolis = E1 Andaga L Dellalhanı?, S Endek Manandian 1965, 91, 97-98; T. Sinclair B1 RL Kemah ItMiller 676, 679, 682; Garsoian 1989, 442 Antiochia = Nisibis B3 Antiochia Arabis/ R/ Viranşehir RE Antiocheia 9; RE Antoninopolis; Antoninopolis/ RL/ Honigmann 1935, 21; Tella/ L/ Dillemann 1962, 107 / L/ Maximianopolis L B1 Antitaurus M. HR Antitaurus RE Antitauros Antoninopolis = Antiochia RL Arabis B2 Anzita RL Tilenzit (renamed Korluca) Ptol. 5.12.8; Sinclair 1989a, 103-104, 137, 139 B2 Anzitene RL Elazığ plain and Adontz 1970, 27-32 neighboring W bank of upper R. Euphrates D2 *Aphoumon/ L/ Zercel Kale GCyp 939H; Sinclair 1996, VIII.3 Kish L D2 Apostoli, Mon. L Arak kilisesi Thierry 1976 [Apqu] = Tell Abu Marya *Aquae Frigidae = Meiacarire Ar(a)ban = Shadikanni B3 Arabia L Tektek Dağ and district of Dillemann 1962, 77; T. Sinclair Viranşehir C3 Arade HRL SYR Lyonnet 1996, site 25 F1 Araxenon Pedion HR plain of R. Araxes N Mt. Garsoian 1989, 451-52; T. Sinclair Ararat and W E1 Araxes fl. See Map 90 Arba-ilu = Arbela Arban = Shadikanni D4 Arbayestan/ RL Morony 1982, 6-10 Beth Arbaye § Bearbaes? L Dillemann 1962, 72 G4 Arbela/ CHRL/ IRQ RLAss Arbil; EncIran Arba-ilu AC § Arbelitis RE § Artakene? RE ‘Arcaiapis’ = Charcha D2 Archene R W end of plain Markwart 1930, 76-77 *Arda? = *Artales F2 Arest/ L/ Bendimahi Garsoian 1989, 445; Sinclair 1996, VII.3.1; Dagnevana L T. Sinclair Aretissa L. = Arsissa L. E3 *Aribacha L Eskieruh? GCyp 940H; Honigmann 1935, 30-31; T. Sinclair C2 *Arkathiokerta/ HR/ Eğil Hübschmann 1904, 304; RE Καρκαθιόκερτα; ‘Artagigarta’/ R/ Dillemann 1962, 121 Baras/ L/ Basileon Phrourion/ L/ Ingila L E1 Armanas L Tahir or nearby Manandian 1965, 91, 97; T. Sinclair C1 Armenia CHRL RE G2 Arnay? L N IRN Eremyan 1961, 37, 53 MAP 89 ARMENIA 1271

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

E2 Arreston Klima L Rshtunik, district of Adontz 1970, 11 Vastauna B3 Arsameia H Gerger Kale RE 3; Dörner 1939, 16-29, 86-91 B2 HRL Haraba RE; Sinclair 1989a, 112-15, 136-37 B2 Arsanias fl. HRL lower R. Euphrates (Murat RE 1 § Arsinos? fl. L Su) Procop., Bell. 1.17.21 F1 Arsesa/ R plain of Erciş RE Elegosine; RE Tigris 1, col. 1010; Elegosine Hewsen 1992, 333; T. Sinclair B2 Arsinia L (Eski) Ergani? ItMiller 739; Sinclair 1989a, 265-66 F2 Arsissa/ HR/ L. Erçek RE; T. Sinclair Aretissa L. R §ArsakisLimne §ArseneL. ‘Artagigarta’ = *Arkathiokerta C1 *Artales/ L/ citadel of Kiğı GCyp 957G; Honigmann 1935, 16-17; *Arda? L Sinclair 1989a, 130-31, 142-43; 1990, 372; T. Sinclair G1 Artaxata HRL peninsula in R. , near RE § Neronias Aralik ARM F2 Artemita R Edremit Hewsen 1982, 140 Arxama = Arzamon H1 Arxata H?R Shahtakht? RE; R.H. Hewsen C4 Arzamon fl. L Zergan Whitby 1986, 242 C3 Arzamon/ RL/ Harzem RE; Dillemann 1962, 103, 159 Arxama RL § Arcamo L D2 Arzanene L upper Tigris basin E Dillemann 1962, 121-23 Nymphios fl. H2 Arziyayad tepe CH SE Salmas IRN Kroll 2000, SL 5 D2 Ashtishat RL Derik Garsoian 1989, 449-50 B4 (As)Syria See Map 3 C2 Astaunitis/ R/ Euphrates plain around Garsoian 1989, 467-68 Asthianene L Bingöl C2 Attachas L Antağ, formerly Hattakh GCyp 938H; Honigmann 1935, 37 D1 Autisparate/ L/ RE Theodosiopolis 2; Theodosiopolis L Manandian 1965, 91, 98; T. Sinclair

F1 Bagauna/ RL/ Üç Kilise EncIran 1.428; Garsoian 1989, 452 ‘Sagouana’ L § ‘Raugonia’ ItMiller 677 E1 Bagrauandene R plain of Ağrı Garsoian 1989, 452-53 Baioulous = Balisbiga B2 Balabitene L plain of Palu Hewsen 1992, 155 (n. 34) E4 Balad/ R?L/ Eski Mosul IRQ EncIs; Morony 1982 Shahrabadh RL G3 Balajuk tepe CH near Lur village IRN Kroll 2000, UR 7 *Balaleisa = Cymiza B4 Balihu/ SYR / TKY See Map 67 Balissus fl. B2 Balisbiga/ R/ Palu Ptol. 5.12.7; Howard-Johnston 1989, 223; Baioulous L T. Sinclair Balissus fl. = Balihu fl. ‘Balouos’ = Cymiza C3 *Banabela L Numan Bey Kalesi above GCyp 924H; Honigmann 1935, 35 Benabil H3 Baranduz tepe CH IRN Kroll 2000, UR 55 E1 Barantea L ? Manandian 1965, 91, 98; T. Sinclair Baras = *Arkathiokerta B3 Barbare L Mohammed Khan? ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 171-73; §‘Barabeta’ T. Sinclair B2 Barsalium RL Killik RE Barsalion § Barzala 1272 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

G1 Barun Qal'eh CH near Imam Quli Kandi Kleiss 1976, 36; Kroll 2000, MK 47 IRN F4 Ba'shiqa L IRQ Morony 1982, 14 Basileon Phrourion = *Arkathiokerta Bassiane = Phasiane G2 Bastam ARL near Bastam village IRN Kroll 1988 G4 Batas-Harir R IRQ Boehmer 1973 F4 Bavian H?R? IRQ Mathiesen 1992, 184-85 D4 Beberaci L. R?L Lake Khatuniya SYR ItMiller 781-82; Oates 1990, 231-32 D3 Beioubaitha L Fafe GCyp 930H § Beioudaes Palmer 1990, 23, 152 (n. 25) Beth Arbaye = Arbayestan E3 / L/ Hendek RE Bezabde; RE Zabdicene, col. 2202; Zabdaion Chorion L Algaze 1989, 250-52; T. Sinclair C3 Birthon/ L/ Mirdon? GCyp 937H; RE Birtha 2; Virta? R?L Honigmann 1935, 14, 37 § Birthas? C1 Bizana/ L/ in S part of Tercan plain RE; Adontz 1970, 16-17, 133, 136; Leontopolis L T. Sinclair Bouana = Thospia F4 Boumelos? fl. CHR perhaps R. Khazir and R. RE Gaugamela, cols. 862-63 § Bumodus fl. Gomel IRQ C4 Bouron fl. L Dara Whitby 1986, 44 (n. 2)

E2 Calata L Ahlat? RE D1 Calcidava L Ilıca Manandian 1965, 91, 98-99; T. Sinclair B4 Carrhae ACHRL Altınbaşak, formerly See Map 67 Carsa(g)is = Chorsabia *Castellum Arabum = Shadikanni D3 Castra Maurorum L forts of Sapha, on Izzeddin Poidebard 1934, 159-60; T. Sinclair Dağ, 'Abra, and camp of Lêlân G1 Catispi/ L/ Hatsiun IRN ItMiller 748, 781; Honigmann 1935, 29; Hatsiun L Kleiss 1979a Chaboras fl. = Aborras fl. E1 Chadas L Eleşkirt or nearby Manandian 1965, 91, 97; T. Sinclair C3 Charcha/ RL/ Üçtepe, formerly Kerh Honigmann 1935, 25; Sinclair 1996, VII.2 ‘Arcaiapis’/ L/ Karcharoman L Chasira? = Hariza G2 Chauon/ HRL/ IRN RE; Schwarz 1969, 1079-83; Kaputa/ R/ Hewsen 1982, 139-40 Gobdi L § Choda §Her § [Huwaij] § Kapauta § Kapoutan D2 Chlomaron CL Golamasya Sinclair 1996, VIII.3 Chlomaron = Cholimma = Tigranocerta A1 Chorsabia/ See Map 64 Carsa(g)is § Elegarsina? C1 Chorz(i)ane(ne) L river system of upper Peri Adontz 1970, 14-15; Hewsen 1992, 155 Su (n. 28) A1 Chosomachon See Map 64 D2 Chothaitai L in Khoyt district in Taurus GCyp 946G Mts. B1 *Chozana L Ulu Kale GCyp 951G; T. Sinclair MAP 89 ARMENIA 1273

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C2 Coissa L Şerbetin ItMiller 739; Sinclair 1989a, 285-86 D3 Colchana L Kelleha Tarlası Dillemann 1962, 165; Sinclair 1996, VII.2; §‘Kolsa’ R T. Sinclair F1 Colchion L near Ağrı Manandian 1965, 91, 97; T. Sinclair B2 RL? Yukarı Huh ItMiller 739; T. Sinclair ‘Coloceia’ = *Zolocerta Commisimbela? = Tell Sahlan Constantia =Antiochia Arabis Corduena = Gordyene Corvilu = Korra E2 Cymiza/ L/ GCyp 943H; GCyp 945G; *Balaleisa/ L/ Honigmann 1935, 31-32, 37; ‘Balouos’ L Sinclair 1996, VII.3.1 C3 Cyriacus, Mon. L Der Diyuk, c. 12 miles Hage 1966, 107 NMardin

C2 Dabanas RL Dibni Honigmann 1935, 13; T. Sinclair B2 L Tadım Howard-Johnston 1983, 250; Sinclair 1989a, 247 Dagnevana = Arest C3 Dara/ L/ Oğuz, formerly Dara KlPauly Dara 2; Anastasioupolis L Sinclair 1989a, 219-24, 373-78 A1 Daranalis L district of Ani on upper RE R. Euphrates Daranissa = Gymnias H2 Darman IRN See Map 90 C1 Darucinte/ L/ Karakulak Ptol. 5.12.7; ItMiller 676; Bryer 1985 I, 35; Tareina?/ R/ T. Sinclair Horonon? L Datamisa = Gymnias E2 Dauduana/ R/ Tuğ, near Tatvan Ptol. 5.12.10; Sinclair 1996, VII.3.1 Dyzanas L B1 Derzene HR plain of Tercan RE C3 Deyrulzafaran L Sinclair 1989a, 214-19 F1 Didima L Didem? Manandian 1965, 103; T. Sinclair A1 Digesine L W end of Dersim GCyp 960G; T. Sinclair G1 Doubios ARM See Map 88 D3 Duger HR SYR Meijer 1986, 6 (site 5) H3 Durba Qal'eh CH IRN Kleiss 1979, 213, 242 F4 Dur-Sharrukin AC Khorsabad IRQ OEANE Khorsabad Dyzanas = Dauduana

C1 Elegeia/ R/ Pekeriç Ptol. 5.12.5; Syme 1958, 395; Aegea L Manandian 1965, 91, 100; T. Sinclair C2 (E)Legerda/ R/ Birkleyn Ptol. 5.12.8; Adontz 1970, 13-14; Illyrisos L Sinclair 1989a, 272-77; T. Sinclair F1 *Elegoana L Erciş Sinclair 1996, VII.2 Elegosine = Arsesa Eleia? = Tell Hayal E2 Entsakisar M. L mountains S Deveboynu Honigmann 1935, 29; T. Sinclair peninsula B1 Eriza RL Erzincan, old town Sinclair 1989, 426-30 E2 Eski Hizan R?L Mitford 1986 A1 Euphrates fl. See Map 93

H4 Fakhrikah CHR settlement and tomb IRN Huff 1971; Kroll 2000, MB 18-20 E3 Fesh-/ R?L/ IRQ Dillemann 1962, 161 Peroz-Shapur? L

F4 Gali Zardak R IRQ Boehmer 1981 1274 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B3 Ganaba L Cimdin Kale Dussaud 1927, 494; T. Sinclair § Theganaba? R Feissel 1989, 544 Garine? = Koriaia? D3 Gaugalion M. L S part of Palmer 1990, 74, 115-16, 146; T. Sinclair F4 Gaugamela ACHR perhaps Tell Gomel IRQ Dillemann 1962, 97, 161 G2 Gavur Qal'eh CH 14 miles SW Khoy IRN Kleiss 1978a, 34-36, 63 H2 Gavur Qal'eh ACH E Djulfa IRN Kleiss 1976a, 108-13, 118-23 H3 Gavur Qal'eh CH Rashakan IRN Kleiss 1978a, 47-48, 66 G2 Gazrik L near Cariq village IRN Kroll 2000, SL 13 H3 Girdagun CH S Ain-i Rum IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 3 D2 Glak, Mon. L Çengelli Thierry 1983, 398-405 E3 Glale L near Dadar Fiey 1977, 215-16; Sinclair 1989a, 337, 380 Gobdi = Chauon H2 Gol tepe CH near Alamdar village IRN Kroll 1984, 32 E3 Gordyene/ HRL/ district Hübschmann 1904, 333-34; RE Gordyene Corduena L E4 Grai Darki HR? IRQ Curtis 1987 B2 Gumathene L district of Abarne Dillemann 1962, 103-104, 110, 126 [Guzana] = D1 Gymnias/ C/ Pasinler, formerly RE; Manandian 1965, 91, 98; Daranissa/ R/ Hasankale Sinclair 1989, 226-32, 525 Datamisa L

G1 Hajestan Qal'eh CHL IRN Kleiss 1979a, 290-96 G2 Haftavan tepe ACHL S Salmas IRN Burney 1973 D3 Hah L Anıtlı, formerly Hah Sinclair 1989a, 241-46, 372, 377-79 H3 RL SE Hasanlu IRN Voigt 1976, 59 H2 Halaqu Qal'eh CH IRN Kroll 2000, MD 18 H2 Halaqu tepe CH IRN Kroll 1984, 24-28 F1 Hariza/ RL/ Aruch, near Misun Ptol. 5.12.5; Manandian 1965, 91, 94-95; Chasira? R T. Sinclair H4 Hasanabad tepe CH IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 15 H3 Hasanlu tepe ACH IRN Dyson 1989 G2 Hassan Khan Qal'eh CHL IRN Kleiss 1978a, 52, 70 G1 Hassar Qal'eh CH IRN Kleiss 1979a, 290, 301 Hassis = Haza Hatsiun = Catispi B1 Haza/ RL near Balahor ItAnt 183.4; ItMiller 676; T. Mitford Hassis D3 Hiaspis L Yarbaşı, formerly Isfis / Palmer 1990, 4 Hespist D4 Hirmas/ R?L/ Jaghjagh SYR / TKY RE Mygdonius 1; Dillemann 1962, 53 Mygdon(ios) fl. L E3 Hlahlah, Mon. L at Lower Dera Fiey 1977, 197-99; Sinclair 1989a, 333-34, 380 (H)Oraba? = Shadikanni Horonon? = Darucinte C3 Horren/ L/ Qal'at el-Mer'a at Horrin / Dillemann 1962, 24-26, 157; T. Sinclair Lorne L Gülhorrin B2 Hüşükani L? signal station Mitford 1980, 917

Ichnae? = Tell al-Sadde C3 Idriphthon L Hisarkaya, formerly Kale Honigmann 1935, 13, 35; Bozreşa? Sinclair 1989a, 312-13 G1 Ilan Qarra CH near Hassar village IRN Kleiss 1979a, 206-209, 241 Illyrisos = (E)Legerda E1 Indua L at or near Hamur? Manandian 1965, 103; T. Sinclair Ingila = *Arkathiokerta B2 Ingilene RL district N Ad Tygrem and Garsoian 1989, 440-41 beneath Taurus Mts. *Inzieta? = Ziata C3 Iohannes Urtius, Mon. L just N Ad Tygrem Palmer 1990, 74-75, 83 MAP 89 ARMENIA 1275

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B3 Iouliopolis? R ruins near Taraksu Mitford 1980, 924; French 1983, 77-79, 81 § Heba? L ItMiller 684; T. Sinclair C1 *Ioustiniane L 3 m. p. W Bizana; near Procop., Aed. 3.5.15; Sinclair 1989, 274 Vican Ioustinianopolis = Maipa G3 Ismail Agha Qal'eh CH IRN Kleiss 1977, 64-68, 98-109 E1 ‘Isumbo’/ L/ Patnos? Dillemann 1962, 162; Sinclair 1996, VII.3; Patansana/ L/ T. Sinclair Zombis L C3 Izala/ L/ massif from Karaca Dağ E RE Μάσιον ὄρος ; Palmer 1990, 8, 109 Masius M. HR to R. Tigris (n. 189)

G1 Jarabad tepe CH E Disaj IRN Kroll 2000, UR 78

G2 Kafir Qal'eh C W Salmas IRN Kroll 2000, SL 17 [Kahat] = E3 Kamul, Mon. L W Dadar Fiey 1970, 106; 1977, 199-200 *Kapauta Limne = Matiane Limne Kapros? fl. = Zabas Mikros fl. Kaputa = Chauon Karcharoman = Charcha D3 Kardouchoi CHRL inhabitants of Bohtan RE Καρδοῦχοι district C1 Karenitis HR Erzurum plain RE Καρηνῖτις H3 Kargan tepe CH near Hassan village IRN Kroll 2000, UR 134 C4 Kaukab M. AL Kaukab M. SYR Kühne 1980 § Kakkabu M. D3 Kentrites/ C/ Bohtan Su Pliny, NH 6.127-28; RE Κεντρίτης; Tigris/ R/ Honigmann 1935, 23; T. Sinclair Zirmas fl. L Kepha(s) = (Ris)Kepha(s) B2 Kerefto R?L? Mitford 1998, 259 G1 Keshmesh CH IRN Kleiss 1975, 60-62; Kroll 2000, MK 10 B1 Khakh L Hah Garsoian 1989, 502 E4 Kharaib Mahlabiya L IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 63, 67 (site 127) G2 Khezerlu Qal'eh CH W Siahcheshme IRN Kleiss 1976, 20-24; Kroll 2000, MK 31 E4 Khirbet Deir Situn HR? IRQ Curtis 1987 E4 Khirbet Qasrij A?C IRQ Killick 1985, 236-37 H2 Khoy Qiz Qal'eh HR N Khoy IRN Kleiss 1974, 80-82; Kroll 2000, KH 1 Kish = *Aphoumon C2 Kitharizon L Yeni Köy Howard-Johnston 1989 C3 Korde L Kurdis Dillemann 1962, 228 B1 Koriaia?/ R/ E half of Dersim GCyp 961G; RE Κοριαία;T.Sinclair Garine? L B2 Korra/ R/ at SE corner of Hazar Gölü Ptol. 5.12.8; ItMiller 739; T. Sinclair Corvilu L G2 Kotor(odz) L above Qotur village IRN Berkian 1976, 164-66 H3 Kuh-i Chorblach HRL SE Haidarabad IRN Kleiss 1973, 29-30; Kroll 2000, NQ 59

Legerda = (E)Legerda Leontopolis = Bizana E3 Lesser Khabur R. IRQ / TKY H2 Livar Qal'eh L IRN Kleiss 1977a, 54-57, 84-98 Lorne = Horren C1 Lucus Basaro L Tercan? Manandian 1965, 91, 100 § Bressos Hewsen 1992, 333; T. Sinclair H3 Lumbad Qal'eh ACHRL SE IRN Kleiss 1979, 190-94, 228-30 Lykos? fl. = Zabas Megas fl. 1276 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C3 Mac(h)arta/ L/ Kızıltepe Honigmann 1935, 24; Tiberioupolis/ L/ Dillemann 1962, 109, 165 Monokarton L § ‘Manacarta’ D2 Maipa/ R/ Silvan RE; Honigmann 1935, 17; Martyropolis/ L/ Sinclair 1989a, 287-91; Hewsen 1992, 335 Ioustinianopolis L H2 Malejin CH IRN Kroll 2000, MD 22 C3 Mambouta/ R/ Şemrah Kalesi Dillemann 1962, 161-62; T. Sinclair Mambrathon L D2 Mambre? L Boşat Garsoian 1989, 477 C3 Mar Abay L above Dere İçi, formerly Palmer 1990, 21-24 Qillith / Kıllıt D3 Mar Abrohom L Sinclair 1989a, 349-50, 379-80 D3 L Mor Awgin / Mar Augen Fiey 1977, 134-41 D3 Mar Bassos, Shushan L at Hidil Sinclair 1989a, 330 F4 Mar Matta L IRQ Fiey 1965 III, 20, 32 D3 Mar Melki L Sinclair 1989a, 325-26 D3 Mar Samuel, Simeon L Mar Gabriel Sinclair 1989a, 252-28 Mar Shushan = Mar Bassos Mar Simeon = Mar Samuel D3 Mar Yohannon L Sinclair 1989a, 348-49, 351, 379-80 D2 Marathken M. L Taurus Mts. between Bitlis GCyp 947G; T. Sinclair pass and vale of Kulp? C3 Marde/ RL/ RE Μάρδη; Honigmann 1935, 12 Margdis L F1 Mardoi? RL in plains of Saray; and in Hewsen 1992, 187 (n. 167) district of upper Kara Su to N? Margdis = Marde Martyropolis = Maipa Masius M. = Izala M. H3 Matiane/ R/ L. Urmia IRN RE Καπαῦτα; RE Matiane, col. 2198 *Kapauta Limne R § Magriane Limne CHRL H4 Matiane CR between and RE Iasonius M. C3 Matzaron L Maserte GCyp 931H; Honigmann 1935, 36; § Massaron L Dillemann 1962, 230; T. Sinclair Maximianopolis = Antiochia Arabis H2 Atropatene HRL/ between L. Urmia and R. RE § Media Minor L Aras C3 Meiacarire/ L/ Khan Sheikhan RE; Dillemann 1962, 49, 157-58 *Aquae Frigidae L D3 Melabason M. L district of Beşiri Honigmann 1935, 17-18; T. Sinclair B1 Mertikerton L Mazgirt Howard-Johnston 1989, 223, 227 (n. 27) ‘Mespila’? = Mosul B3 Mesopotamia ACHRL includes Osrhoene RE B2 Metita RL near Tillo Mitford 1998, 259 D3 Mindon L few miles E Midun Palmer 1990, 5 (n. 7) H4 Mohammad tepe R IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 63 F2 Molchia L Amik Sinclair 1996, VII.3. Monokarton = Mac(h)arta H2 Mor(o)unda CHRL Marand IRN RE Marundai 2; Kroll 2000, MD 1 F4 Mosul/ R?L/ IRQ Oates 1968, 60-61; EncIs ‘Mespila’? C E2 Moxoena L upper valley of Bohtan Su RE and districts of Hizan and Müküs E4 Musaifna L IRQ Killick 1983, 217 B1 *Mouzoura L Ovacık plain TIB Kappadokien 242-43; Garsoian 1989, 482; T. Sinclair MAP 89 ARMENIA 1277

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

Mygdon(ios) fl. = Hirmas fl. C4 Mygdonia HRL district of Nisibis RE 5

C3 Nabaris/ R/ near crossing of Ambar Sinclair 1996, VII.2 Navarra L Çay H4 tepe L IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 43 Navarra = Nabaris H1 ‘Naxouana’ R Nakhchevan ARM Hewsen 1992, 333 (n. 51) D2 Nicephorion fl. H?R Garzan Su Pliny, NH 6.129 F4 / ACHRL Kuyunjik IRQ RE; Oates 1968, 30 Ninos E2 Niphates M. HRL Taurus massif, S Lake Van Syme 1995, 29-34; T. Sinclair D3 Nisibis/ HRL/ SYR / TKY RE; Garsoian 1989, 479 Antiochia HRL F4 Nodh-Ardashirakan RL IRQ Morony 1982, 10 § Norshirakan G2 Nuarsak? L Shurik village IRN Manandian 1965, 113 E2 Nymphaeum R near spring of Baş Bulak Pliny, NH 6.128; Thierry 1972, 148-49; Sinclair 1996, VII.3 Nymphios fl. = Parthenias fl.

H1 Oghlu Qal'eh AC near Qurshaqlu IRN Kleiss 1972, 60-64; Kroll 2000, MK 53 Oraba? = Shadikanni H3 Ormi/ L/ Urumiyeh IRN Schwarz 1969, 1103-1108 [Urmia] L? ‘Ospa’ = Thospia B3 Osrhoene SYR / TKY See Map 67

B1 Paline L district of lower Peri Su GCyp 962aG; T. Sinclair B1 Palios L Bağın GCyp 956G G1 Paracata L Bulakbaşı, sometimes Manandian 1965, 91, 93-94; Başbulak ARM Sinclair 1987, 407-10 H1 Parakan ARM See Map 90 D3 Parthenias/ R/ Batman Su RE Tigris 1, cols. 1012-13 Nymphios fl. L Patansana = ‘Isumbo’ Peroz-Shapur? = Fesh-Khabur Phaenica = Pinaka D1 Phasiane/ R/ Pasinler and plains Honigmann 1935, 21; Bassiane L Garsoian 1989, 454, 499-500; T. Sinclair D1 Phasioi C on Basean plain, and Hewsen 1983, 131 probably in upper R. Aras basin D1 Phasis fl. C upper reaches of R. Aras Hewsen 1983, 128-32 C2 Pheison L Dakyanus Kale RE Φεισῶν; Sinclair 1989a, 272-73, 375 E2 Phora/ R/ Por GCyp 941H; Honigmann 1935, 31, 37; ‘Phlorianon’? L Hewsen 1992, 335; T. Sinclair E3 Pinaka/ H/ Eski Yapı, formerly Fenek Dillemann 1962, 219; Phaenica L Sinclair 1989a, 333, 359

H3 Qalat CL Rashakan IRN Kleiss 1977a, 72-76 H3 Qalateh Qal'eh CH? E Ain-i Rum IRN Kleiss 1978, 17-18; Kroll 2000, NQ 5 H3 Qalatgah ACH near Cheshme Gol IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 28 G2 Qara tepe CHL N Salmas IRN Kroll 2000, SL 3 H2 QaraZiaEddintepe CH IRN Kroll 2000, KH 25 E4 Qasr Serij LIRQ Simpson1994 G2 Qiz Chakhlu HR SE Qara Kalisa IRN Kleiss 1974, 101-102; Kroll 2000, MK 34 G2 Qotur Qal'eh AC 2 miles E Qotur IRN Kroll 2000, KH 15

H3 Rashgund AC IRN Kroll 2000, UR 113 1278 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

H4 Rasuh tepe RL near Pazveh IRN Kroll 2000, PR 1 E3 Rehimena RL plain to S Cudi Dağ Hoffmann 1880, 190; T. Sinclair C4 Resaina/ ACHRL/ Tell Fakhariya near Ras Dillemann 1962, 107, 224-26 Theodosiopolis L al-Ain SYR D3 Rhabdion L Hatem Tai Kale Sinclair 1989a, 350-51; Palmer 1990, 4-7, 151-52 D3 (Ris)Kepha(s) L GCyp 913H; Honigmann 1935, 12, 35; Sinclair 1989a, 232-39, 370, 373-75 D3 Romaion Agros L on plain beneath Rhabdion Honigmann 1935, 12

‘Sagouana’ = Bagauna B4 Sahal L E Carrhae Astour 1993, 113 [Sahlala] = Tell Sahlan D4 Saibakh R?L? SYR Oates 1990, 229-31 G2 Sal(a)mas L Salmas IRN Schwarz 1969, 1108-11 B1 Salmalasso L Gelengeç Bryer 1985 I, 34-35 G2 Salmas L rock-relief SE Salmas IRN Hinz 1965 C3 Sammachi L at crossing of Sinclair 1996, VII.2 “Shammerkh” Çay D2 *Samocharta L Semrah tepe GCyp 944H; Honigmann 1935, 24, 32, 37; T. Sinclair C2 Sanasounitai L inhabitants of Sasun GCyp 947G G1 Sangar Qal'eh CH E Maku IRN Kleiss 1968, 3-13; Kroll 2000, MK 4 D3 Sapha/ RL?/ Bâbil Poidebard 1934, 159-60; Sinclair 1989a, 372; Thilsaphata? L T. Sinclair C2 Saphchai L Çeper Honigmann 1935, 18; Sinclair 1989a, 272-73, 375 D3 Sarbane/ L/ Sirvan Poidebard 1934, 159; RE Sisara L § Sisauranon C3 Sardeoua/ R/ Kale-i Zerzevan Sinclair 1996, VII.2 ‘Sardebar’ L E3 Sareisa R Şırnak? Dillemann 1962, 111 D3 Sargathon L Sercihan Poidebard 1934, 147 B1 Satala RL Sadak RE; Lightfoot 1998 E3 Satalka/ HR/ Çağlayan, formerly Şah RE Σάρεισα, Θαµανῶν; Thamanon L Sinclair 1989a, 335-37, 433 C3 Sauras L Savur RE Σαυράς E4 Seh Gubba RL IRQ Ball 1987, 246 C4 Shadikanni/ A?C/ Tell Ajaja West SYR Röllig 1977, 125 ; Mahmoud 1988; Ar(a)ban/ RL/ Dodgeon 1991, 344-45 (H)Oraba?/ R?L/ *Castellum Arabum R Shahrabadh = Balad H1 Shalat ARM See Map 90 G1 Shawarshan L Maku IRN Eremyan 1961, 64-65 H4 Sheytanabad CHR N IRN Kleiss 1973, 36-38; Kroll 2000, MB 4 § Bardakunte § Saukand D3 Shilloh L Salah Bell 1982, 147-48 H3 Shno L Ushnu IRN Eremyan 1961, 38, 74 D2 Shukaraba L Zok Sinclair 1996, VIII.3 G1 Siah Qal'eh CHR W Pol-i Dasht IRN Kleiss 1973a, 183-86; Kroll 2000, MK 5 Siai = Si(t)ai C1 Sinara L Aşkale Manandian 1965, 91, 99; T. Sinclair D4 Singara RL Balad IRQ RE § Digeren? L Dillemann 1962, 140 §Sirgora? L Dillemann 1962, 136 D4 Singaras M. RL Sinjar Mt. IRQ RE C3 Siphrios R?L Rabat Kalesi Honigmann 1935, 9, 13, 35; Sinclair 1989a, 227-30 G3 Siraganon L Sharekand Hewsen 1988, 302 Sisara = Sarbane MAP 89 ARMENIA 1279

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C3 Si(t)ai/ RL/ Ziyaret tepe GCyp 933H; RE Σίαι; Honigmann 1935, 36; Siteon Chiphas L Sinclair 1996, VII.2 H1 Siwnik ARM See Map 90 C2 Sophanene L upper R. Tigris basin Garsoian 1989, 457 immediately W Batman Su B2 AHRL Dersim, W Lower RE Sophene, cols. 1015-17; § Sophanene Euphrates valley and W Garsoian 1989, 457-58 half of upper Tigris basin G3 Sormanabad tepe R IRN Kroll 2000, UR 124 G1 Surb Tadeos L Qara Kalisa IRN Kleiss 1967 Syria = (As)Syria

[Tabite] = Tell Taban [Ta'idu]? = Tell Hamidi H2 Taj ed-Din Qal'eh AC 17 miles SSE Khoy IRN Kleiss 1979, 203-206, 235-41 D2 Tarauna L plain of Muş Hübschmann 1904, 325; RE § *Taraunites Tareina? = Darucinte E3 Taronitis R Hazil Su basin Hewsen 1985, 57, 58 H2 Tasuk L Tasuj village IRN Hübschmann 1904, 473; Kroll 1984, 34 C2 Taurus M. See Map 66 E4 Tel Afar/ ACHRL/ IRQ ItMiller 772; Oates 1968, 79-80 Ad Pontem? L D2 Teleboas? fl. CL Kara Su RE 3 E4 Tell Abu Dhahir AC?HRL IRQ Ball 1987, 234 ? E4 Tell Abu Marya/ AC?H?R IRQ Oates 1968, 54-55; RLAss Apqu [Apqu] L/ A E4 Tell Abu Wajnam A?C?H? IRQ Oates 1968, 77 R?L D4 Tell Ahmar AC SYR Lyonnet 1996, site 45 E4 Tell Ahmed Agha Kabir H?R IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 75 (site 222) F4 Tell al-Baye'a L IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 59 (site 98) E4 Tell al-Hawa HR?L IRQ Wilkinson 1995, 125-34 B4 Tell al-Sadde/ HRL/ SYR Gerritsen 1996, site BS93 Ichnae? R D4 AC?HR SYR Dillemann 1962, 70, 174; Bielinski 1997 C4 Takhtani RL? SYR Lyonnet 1996, site 29 D4 Tell Barri/ ACHR/ SYR Kühne 1980; Meijer 1986, 31 (site 289) [Kahat] A C4 Tell Beidar ACH SYR Lebeau 1997 C4 Tell Bezari AC?H?R SYR Oates 1990, 238-39 L? D4 AR?L? SYR Oates 1990, 227-29 E4 Tell Deir Situn L IRQ Curtis 1997 D4 Tell Farfara AC?H?R SYR Meijer 1986, 24 (site 210) L? E4 Tell Hadhail IRQ See Map 91 C4 Tell Halaf/ AC/ SYR RLAss Halaf [Guzana] A? § Gauzanitis? H?R Dillemann 1962, 146 §Gizama H?R Dillemann 1962, 146 D4 Tell Hamidi/ AC?H?R/ SYR Eichler 1990 [Ta'idu]? A?C B4 Tell Hammam al-Turkmen HR SYR T. Feyter C4 Tell Hassake A?C?H? SYR Kühne 1978, 185 R?L? E4 Tell Hassu R IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 75 (site 223) 1280 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

D4 Tell Hayal/ R?L IRQ ItMiller 779, 782; Oates 1968, 78-79; Eleia?/ Ibrahim 1986, 77 (site 238) Alaina? § Hileia? E4 Tell Hugna H?R?L IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 73 (site 210) E4 Tell Ibra/ H?R/ IRQ Oates 1968, 79-80; Ibrahim 1986, 73 (site Vicat? R?L 209) E4 Tell Jikan HRL IRQ Killick 1985, 231-32 C4 Tell Majdal AC?H?R SYR Dillemann 1962, 108; Lyonnet 1996, site 42 L E4 Tell Mohammed Arab HL IRQ Roaf 1984 D4 Tell Muhammad Kabir HR SYR Meijer 1986, 26 (site 231b) D4 Tell Qarasa AC?HRL SYR Meijer 1986, 14 (site 98) A4 Tell Sahlan/ HRL/ SYR Astour 1993, 113; Gerritsen 1996, site [Sahlala]/ A/ BS246-47; T. Feyter Commisimbela? R D4 Tell Sharisi RL SYR Meijer 1986, 24 (site 205) C4 Tell Taban/ AC?HRL SYR Röllig 1977 [Tabite]/ / Thebet(h)a? L?/ § Thubida? RL C4 Tell Tawila R?L IRQ Lyonnet 1996, site 10 E4 Tell Uwaynat R?L IRQ Wilkinson 1995, 125-34 D4 Tell Zanatri RL? SYR Oates 1990, 231 Tella = Antiochia Arabis G1 Teroua? R Dariunk' / Doğubayazıt Garsoian 1989, 459-60 Thalbasaris = Thelbalane Thamanon = Satalka C4 Thannuris R?L SYR Dillemann 1962, 176-77; Fuller 1994 § Thannourios D1 Tharsidarate L Ezirmik? Manandian 1965, 91, 98; T. Sinclair Thebet(h)a? = Tell Taban D3 Thelbalane/ R/ Tilmis or (less likely) Sinclair 1996, VII.2 Thalbasaris L Barsil Theodosiopolis = Autisparate Theodosiopolis = Resaina C3 *Thibitha/ L/ Tel Beşme RE; Dillemann 1962, 109 Thilbisine L § ‘Banasymeon’? §Bismideon § Mnasoubion? Thiloson Kome = Til Thilsaphata? = Sapha F2 Thospia/ CR/ Van GeogRav 2.10; Garsoian 1989, 499; Bouana/ R/ R.H. Hewsen; T. Sinclair ‘Ospa’ L § Thospitis E2 Thospitis Limne HR L. Van RE Θωσπῖτις λίµνη § ‘Thespites’ L. R Pliny, NH 6.128; T. Sinclair Tiberioupolis = Mac(h)arta D3 Tigranocerta/ HRL/ medieval city site of Arzan Markwart 1930, 341-42; Sinclair 1994; Cholimma/ R/ Sinclair 1996, VIII.3 Chlomaron L Tigris fl. = Kentrites fl. C2 / Tigris/ See Map 93 F4 Diglitus fl. B1 Til/ RL/ Til Garsoian 1989, 495; Kettenhofen 1989, 72; Thiloson Kome L T. Sinclair D3 Tili RL Çattepe, formerly Tili Lightfoot 1986 B1 Tordan RL Doğan Köy, formerly Garsoian 1989, 496 Tordan MAP 89 ARMENIA 1281

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

G2 Turki tepe L SW Siahchesme IRN Kleiss 1977a, 62-64, 93-98; Kroll 2000, MK 32 B1 Tzoumina L hills W southern part of Hewsen 1992, 18 (n. 81) Tercan plain

[Urmia] = Ormi

F2 Vastauna L near Gevaş Sinclair 1996, VII.3 G1 Verahram Qal'eh CH near Shotlu IRN Kleiss 1974, 82-93; Kroll 2000, MK 7 Vicat? = Tell Ibra Virta?=Birthon

F4 Zabas Megas/ IRQ / TKY See Map 91 Zapatas?/ Lykos? fl. H4 Zabas Mikros/ IRQ See Map 91 Kapros?/ Zerbis? fl. § Heteros Zabas fl. Zabdaion Chorion = Bezabde D3 Zabdicene RL district W R. Tigris and S Hübschmann 1904, 321 Tur Abdin Zagurae? = Ain Sinu D2 Zanserio L Baykan Sinclair 1996, VII.3.1 Zapatas? fl. = Zabas Megas fl. H2 Zarawand? ACHL Evoghlu Qal'eh IRN Hübschmann 1904, 338; Kleiss 1973a, 186-88 E3 Zarnuqa L at upper Dera Fiey 1977, 94-96; Sinclair 1989a, 333 Zerbis? fl. = Zabas Mikros fl. F1 Zernaki tepe H?R? just N Erciş Sinclair 1987, 281-82, 314-15 C2 Ziata/ L Amini Kale Honigmann 1935, 35; Dillemann 1962, 155; *Inzieta? Sinclair 1989a, 269-70, 371 G2 Zingir Qal'eh CH near Tamar village IRN Kroll 2000, SL 10 H4 Zir tepe L near Latch village IRN Kroll 2000, MB 8 Zirmas fl. = Kentrites fl. E2 Zoaranda R Gindirans Pliny, NH 6.128; T. Sinclair G1 *Zolocerta/ L/ Çolakert Manandian 1965, 91, 94; ‘Coloceia’ L Sinclair 1987, 407-408 § ‘Zotozeta’ § ‘Zogokara’ Zombis = ‘Isumbo’

Bridges

Grid Location Period Reference

B1 E Ani R?L? Mitford 1998, 267; T. Mitford C2 Dabanas R Sinclair 1989a, 267-69 C3 Ad Tygrem, below Diyarbakır on R. Tigris L Palmer 1990, 12, 116 1282 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Roads

Itinerary Period Reference

Satala → W RL Mitford 1998, 266 Satala → Eriza → Ani RL French 1983, 84; Mitford 1998, 266-67 Satala → Haza → Map 87 RL Sinclair 1989, 327 Satala → Lucus Basaro → Bagauna → Artaxata RL Manandian 1965, 91-100; T. Sinclair Colchis → Arsinia → Ad Tygrem RL ItMiller 739; T. Sinclair Chorsabia → Euphrates RL? Mitford 1998, 267 Euphrates gorge via Barsalium RL Mitford 1998, 259-60 Network between Ad Tygrem, Tigranocerta and Charcha RL Sinclair 1996, VII.2 Tigranocerta → Dauduana → Artemita → ‘Isumbo’ → RL Sinclair 1996, VII.3 Bagauna Ad Tygrem → ‘Sardebar ’→ Nisibis RL ItMiller 740-41; Sinclair 1996, VII.4 Barbare → Nisibis → Ad fl. Tigrim RL Poidebard 1934, 158-63; Dillemann 1962, 171-73 Ad fl. Tigrim → NW R Algaze 1991, 190 Ammodios → S RL ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 173 Nisibis → S RL ItMiller 770-71 Zagurae? → SE RL ItMiller 779

Unlocated Toponyms

Name Period Probable Location Reference

‘Ad Dracones’ = Dagona Ad Tigrim / L Mosul? IRQ ItMiller 772; Dillemann 1962, 141, 167 and Ad flumen Tigrem fig. XII Akraba H?R S Carrhae? SYR Ptol. 5.17.7 Aladin = Auladis Alaleisos L in Izala massif, between Karaca Honigmann 1935, 26 Dağ and Bohtan district Alexandria R in Adiabene / Mygdonia Pliny, NH 6.42; RE 14 Amostae L W Singara IRQ / SYR ItMiller 779; Dillemann 1962, 185 Anaeticus L. R in Erzincan plain? RE Anaïtica regio Anisena L in ? Hoffmann 1880, 229 Anteba L on Artaxata → Gobdi road, two ItMiller 748, 781 stations before the latter Apadna L near Ad Tygrem Dillemann 1962, 159, 239 *Arabessa L S Autisparate Adontz 1970, 19-20 Araborum, Mon. L between Viranşehir and Tel Dillemann 1962, 77 Beşme Armeniae Pylae RL pass in Armenia, at Tomisa? or Syme 1995, 39-45 Ergani pass? At(o)uria H?RL Nineveh region IRQ RE Aturia; Morony 1982, 10 Athraelon L Mac(h)arta vicinity? Honigmann 1935, 22

Audasson L near Ad Tygrem? Honigmann 1935, 35 Auladis/ R/ near Carrhae? Ptol. 5.17.7; Gawlikowski 1988, 82 Aladin L Dillemann 1962, 181-83 Ayli = Eli Azara R Iğdır? RE 1 Azoni R tribe E Gaugamela near Pliny 6.118 Zerbis? fl. IRQ

Baba L ItMiller 771; Dillemann 1962, 137, 141 Babyrsa R near Artaxata RE Ballatha H?R NE Carrhae? TKY Ptol. 5.17.7 Banasam L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY NotDig Or. 35.6 Barzan L AZE? Hoffmann 1880, 265 Basilisene R Ptol. 5.12.6 Batitas L W Singara IRQ / SYR Dillemann 1962, 137, 141 MAP 89 ARMENIA 1283

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Baxala H?R W Singara SYR Ptol. 5.17.7 Bebasa/ L W Dara SYR / TKY Dillemann 1962, 290 Bibas(ara) Belkania R Ptol. 5.12.8; Hewsen 1982, 135 Belkiana H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3 Bessara H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3 Bethallaha L in Mesopotamia TKY NotDig Or. 36.35 Betooun H?R on or near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 5.17.6 Bibas(ara) = Bebasa Bidamas/ L near Resaina SYR / TKY RE Vidamas Biddon L on Melabason M., in NE Tur Honigmann 1935, 17-18 Abdin Bimisdeon L near Resaina SYR / TKY Procop., Aed. 2.6.14 Birthaba H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4 Birthachabraes L Honigmann 1935, 36 Bubalia L ItMiller 682 Busan L S Ad Tygrem, in hill district? Dillemann 1962, 157

Caini L in Mesopotamia TKY NotDig Or. 36.34 Castra Maurorum L AmmMarc 18.6.9; 25.7.9; Dillemann 1962, 212-214 Chalkitis H?R Ptol. 5.17.4 Chazene H?RL Haza district? IRQ RE Choathras M. H?R Ptol. 6.1.1 Chordiraza H?R town of Mygdonians SYR / TKY RE Chouddon L in Siphrios district? Honigmann 1935, 35 Cunissa R?L W Satala ItMiller 676

Dabanas/ L Ain al-Arus? RE Dabana 2 Davana AmmMarc 23.3.7; Gawlikowski 1988, 88 (n. 62) Dagona/ RL? W Satala, close to the summit of Ptol. 5.6.20; ItMiller 676, 682; T.B. Mitford ‘Ad Dracones’ Çimen Daglari? Daphnoudin L in Arzanene Honigmann 1935, 31, 37 Darna H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4 Dausaron L near Resaina SYR / TKY Procop., Aed. 2.6.14; Dillemann 1962, 109 Davana = Dabanas Deba H?R on or near Tigris between Sapha Ptol. 5.17.6 and Singara IRQ Degia H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5 Demetrias H?RL near Arbela IRQ RE 4 Diospage R E Tigris IRQ RE Dolba H?RL in Adiabene IRQ RE Dosa H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5 Duodecimum L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY NotDig Or. 35.34

Eisone H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5 Elegea R where Euphrates breaks through RE Elegeia 2 Taurus, 10 m.p. below Melitene Endielon L day’s march from Ad Tygrem Procop., Bell. 1.7.5

Filadelfia L on Gobdi → road, first ItMiller 781 station after Gobdi; Shahpur? Fons Scabore L Dillemann 1962, 177

Gomara H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5 Gorgos fl. H?R perhaps Lesser Zab? IRQ Ptol. 6.1.7

Hadia L near Resaina? SYR / TKY ItMiller 779; Dillemann 1962, 185 Haris RL? W Satala ItMiller 682 Haste L near Resaina? SYR / TKY ItMiller 779; Dillemann 1962, 185 1284 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Hibita L possibly Thebet(h)a? SYR Dillemann 1962, 167 (n. 3)

Inigene = (T)Inigene

Kadisenoi RL people between Singara and Tell Dillemann 1962, 97 (n. 8) Taban SYR Kalonos L Honigmann 1935, 37 Kardouchoi R IRN Ptol. 6.2.5 Komopolis H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5 Korkoura H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4

Magdalathon L R. Khabur and Jaghjagh region; RE Tell Majdal? Magrus L on S Carrhae → Singara road, ItMiller 779; Kühne 1980, 57-58; between Haste and Amostae Oates 1990, 239-40 *Magustana = Matoustana Malioi H?R tribe near Euphrates Strabo 16.1.27 Mannouorra/ R/ Dillemann 1962, 168-69, 177-79 Manneotai L Maratha L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY NotDig Or. 35.33 Marde H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3 Mareptikon Klima L in Van region? Honigmann 1935, 21; Adontz 1970, 11 Margasoi R E Matianae Limne? Ptol. 6.2.5; RE Martiana R IRN Ptol. 6.2.5 Matoustana/ R possibly Shawarshan Hewsen 1992, 187 (n. 168), 334 *Magustana Maurikiopolis L 7 stades from Maipa Honigmann 1935, 27

Nasabi L on Artaxata → Gobdi road, ItMiller 748, 781 immediately before the latter Nazada R in N Media IRN Ptol. 6.2.11 Nibaros M. HR in Armenia; conceivably Şüphan Strabo 11.14.14 Dağ Nikatorion M. CHR near Arbela Strabo 16.1.4

Obana H?R Ptol. 6.1.4 Obarene R S upper Euphrates? Ptol. 5.12.4 Obbane L Procop., Bell. 2.12.4 Odomantis H W Sophene? Hewsen 1985, 58, 73 Olane R near Artaxata Garsoian 1989, 485 Oroba H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3 Orontes R tribe E Gaugamela IRQ Pliny, NH 6.118; RE 3 Orroei Arabi R tribe W Tigris Pliny, NH 6.25; 6.117; 6.129; RE Orthaga/ H?R near Carrhae and Eleia SYR / Ptol. 5.17.7; RE Orgatha TKY Oruros HR Roman border in ’s time Pliny, NH 6.120; Dillemann 1962, 171; RE

Phathachon L in Izala M. massif between Adontz 1970, 13 Karaca Dağ and Bohtan district Phichas/ L near Resaina Procop., Bell. 1.19.35; 2.6.14; Philas Dillemann 1962, 108 Phirthachabraes L GCyp 932G Phousiana H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5 Praetavi R tribe near Singara IRQ Pliny, NH 5.86

Rasin/ L in Osrhoene, probably towards Honigmann 1935, 13 Rhasios Ad Tygrem Reman L in Raman Dağ, S Ad Tygrem? Dillemann 1962, 157 Rene L between Resaina and Ma(c)harta; ItMiller 770; Dillemann 1962,165 Tell Arade? MAP 89 ARMENIA 1285

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Rhandeia R Arsamosata vicinity, probably Adontz 1970, 31 N Arsanias fl. Rhasios = Rasin Ripaltha L in upper Mesopotamia Dillemann 1962, 231-32 Roschirea/ L ItMiller 778; Dillemann 1962, 185 Vesceria

S. Iohannis, Mon. L near Korde Dillemann 1962, 32 Sadrakai CHR S Arbela Strabo 16.1.4 Sakada H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3 Sarbena H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5 Sarmathes L Procop., Aed. 5.9.32; Dillemann 1962, 108, 125 Sauara H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3 Selgia R possibly Siirt? Hewsen 1982, 35-36 Sihinnus L on Amouda → Singara road, ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 173-4 beyond Thilapsum; Tell Zenbil? Silices R tribe in mountains E Gaugamela Pliny, NH 6.118 Sinas/ L/ in Osrhoene, probably near Ad Honigmann 1935, 13; RE Sinna Sina Iudaeorum/ L/ Tygrem Sinna RL Sinervas RL? near Carsa(g)is ItMiller 676-77 Sinnaka H near Carrhae RE Σίννακα Sisila/ RL? W or S Satala ItMiller 676 Sissilisson Phrourion/ Ziziola? Sitrae R tribe E Gaugamela Pliny, NH 6.118 Sorvae/ L/ on Artaxata → Gobdi road, after ItMiller 748, 781 Zourzoua R Catispi; Tsortsor? Sosingites L. L Thospitis Limne? not on Tigris in AmmMarc 23.6.15; Dillemann 1962, 40 (n. 3) (As)Syria TKY Suae R on cliff near Gaugamela? IRQ Pliny, NH 6.118

Tarmel, Mon. L near Dara Dillemann 1962, 32 Taska R in upper Tigris basin? Ptol. 5.12.10 Terebia R in upper Tigris basin or districts Ptol. 5.12.10 S Thospitis Limne? Thallaba L N or W Beberaci L. SYR ItMiller 781; Dillemann 1962, 175 Thamaudi L ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 136-40 Thebeta/ L between Nisibis and Singara RE Thebeta; Dillemann 1962, 142, 166 Thebitha/ Thelia Thelda H?R on or near Euphrates SYR / IRQ RE Thelia = Thebeta Themeres L near Theodosiopolis SYR / TKY Procop., Aed. 2.6.14 Thengoubis H?RL Ptol. 5.17.7; RE; Dillemann 1962, 181 Thesara H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4 Thilapsum L ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 173 Thillafica L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY Dilleman 1962, 108, 187 Thillazamana/ L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY Dilleman 1962, 108 Monithilla Thilsaphata L between Nisibis and Hatra Dillemann 1962, 308 (n. 2), 311-12 Thiolla L near Resaina SYR / TKY Procop., Aed. 2.6.14 Thospia R in region of Arsanias fl., Ptol. 5.12.8 downstream of plain of Muş Thubida L between Thallaba and Beberaci L. ItMiller 781; RE; Dillemann 1962, 176 (T)Inigene H?R below Gauzanitis SYR Ptol. 5.17.4 Tirittha H?R Ptol. 5.17.7 Trispeda L on Gobdi → Ecbatana road, ItMiller 781 second station after Gobdi; Ormi? Tzinobia L near Ad Tygrem or Arsinia? Honigmann 1935, 35 1286 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Ur L Dillemann 1962, 171

Vesceria = Roschirea Volandum R near Artaxata; Olane? RE

Zama H?R Ptol. 5.17.7 Zamarthas L near Resaina Procop., Aed. 2.6.14 Zigira H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4 Zorbandon L near Maipa Honigmann 1935, 25 Zuqnin, Mon. L near Ad Tygrem Palmer 1990, 74, 83

False Toponyms

Name Period Reference Comment

Armenochalybes H Magie 1950, 1069 applied to Chaldaei of Karenitis

Baris M. H Jos., AJ 1.93-95; cf. RE 8 Cudi Dağ; name misunderstood?

Karkathiokerta HR RE Καρκαθιόκερτα Eğil Chalonitis R Syme 1995, 33 false name for settlement near Baş Bulak; see Nymphaeum Chalybes CH Magie 1950, 1069, 1213 applied to Chaldaei of Karenitis

(Klima) Makrabandon L Honigmann 1935, 21 plain of Ağrı; false for *Bagravandon Mazara R?L? ItMiller 739; T.Sinclair false as station on Melitene → Ad Tygrem road

Phaunitis H Hewsen 1992, 147 Siunik? (*Saunitis?)

Spauta L. RL RE Καπαῦta Matiane Limne; false for *Kapauta

(Klima) Tarannon L Honigmann 1935, 21 plain of Muş Tourandios L GCyp 914G; T.Sinclair probably from Turhabdios Tourhabdios L Honigmann 1935, 25, 35 false for Rhabdion

Xerxene HR RE plain of Tercan; false for Derzene

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