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Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL JOSÉ FAUSTINO SÁNCHEZ CARRIÓN FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL "EVALUACIÓN Y PROPUESTAS DE MEJORAMIENTO DE LA PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES EN EL CENTRO POBLADO DE AMBAR, DISTRITO DE AMBAR – HUAURA – LIMA" TESIS PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIEROS CIVIL AUTORES: Bach. Cortabrazo León Vladimir Anderson Bach. Ambulay Briceño Dilson William ASESOR: Mg. Silva Sanchez Miguel William CIP N° 22796 2021 Huacho – Perú ii Miembros del Jurado Evaluador: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ing. CESAR ARMANDO DIAZ VALLADARES CIP N°. 20894 (Presidente) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ing. JULIO CESAR BARRENECHEA ALVARADO CIP N°. 98989 (Secretario) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mg. ABARCA RODRIGUEZ JOAQUIN JOSE CIP N°. 108833 (Vocal) iii DEDICATORIA A Dios por permitirnos estar presente en el día a día, guiando nuestro camino para lograr el éxito. A nuestros familiares de quienes recibimos el apoyo incondicional para la superar las adversidades. Vladimir A. Cortabrazo Leon. Dilson W. Ambulay Briceño. iv AGRADECIMIENTO A nuestros catedráticos de nuestra alma mater que durante toda la etapa universitaria nos brindaron una formación académica integral, lo cual nos permite desarrollarnos como profesionales en el campo laboral. A mis mentores haciendo posible el desarrollo de esta investigación, de quienes recibimos información y asesoramiento. v INDICE ÍNDICE DE TABLA ............................................................................................................ ix ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ..........................................................................................................x RESUMEN.............................................................................................................................1 ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................................3 CAPITULO I: PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA .........................................................4 1.1 Descripción de la realidad problemática ........................................................................ 4 1.2 Formulación del problema ............................................................................................ 5 1.2.1 Problema General ...................................................................................................5 1.2.2 Problemas específicos ............................................................................................5 1.3. Objetivos de la investigación........................................................................................ 5 1.3.1 Objetivo general. ....................................................................................................5 1.3.2 Objetivos específicos. .............................................................................................6 1.4 Justificación de la investigación .................................................................................... 6 1.5 Delimitación de la investigación ................................................................................... 6 1.6 Viabilidad del estudio ................................................................................................... 6 CAPITULO II: MARCO TEORICO .......................................................................................7 2.1 Antecedentes de la investigación ................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Investigaciones internacionales ..............................................................................7 2.1.2 Investigaciones nacionales .....................................................................................8 vi 2.2 Bases Teóricas .............................................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 Agua residual .........................................................................................................9 2.2.2. Principales características de las aguas residuales. .................................................9 2.2.3. Parámetros de la Composición de las Aguas Residuales ...................................... 15 2.2.4 Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales ......................................................................... 15 2.3 Definiciones de términos básicos ................................................................................ 28 2.4 Hipótesis de investigación ........................................................................................... 43 2.4.1 Hipótesis general .................................................................................................. 43 2.4.2 Hipótesis especificas ............................................................................................ 43 2.5 Operalización de variables e indicadores ..................................................................... 44 CAPITULO III: METODOLOGIA ....................................................................................... 45 3.1 Diseño metodológico .................................................................................................. 45 3.1.1 Tipo ..................................................................................................................... 45 3.1.2 Diseño .................................................................................................................. 45 3.1.3 Enfoque................................................................................................................ 45 3.2 Población y muestra .................................................................................................... 45 3.2.1 Población: ............................................................................................................ 45 3.2.2 Muestra: ............................................................................................................... 45 3.3 Técnicas de recolección de datos ................................................................................. 46 3.3.1 Técnicas a emplear ............................................................................................... 46 vii 3.3.2 Descripción de los instrumentos ........................................................................... 46 3.4 Técnicas para el procesamiento de la información ....................................................... 47 3.5 Matriz de consistencia. ................................................................................................ 63 CAPITULO IV: RESULTADOS .......................................................................................... 64 4.1 Análisis de resultados ................................................................................................. 64 4.1.1 Características generales ...................................................................................... 64 4.1.2 Descripción de la zona en estudio ......................................................................... 68 4.1.3 Diagnóstico y evaluación del sistema de saneamiento........................................... 69 4.1.4 Alternativa propuesta para el sistema de saneamiento. .......................................... 73 4.2 Contrastación de hipótesis ........................................................................................... 96 4.2.1 Hipótesis específica “a” ........................................................................................ 96 4.2.2 Hipótesis específica “b” ..................................................................................... 104 4.2.3 Hipótesis específica “c” ...................................................................................... 104 CAPITULO V: DISCUSIÓN .............................................................................................. 111 5.1 Discusión de los resultados ....................................................................................... 111 5.1.1 Estado actual de la PTAR existente: ................................................................... 112 5.1.2 Propuesta de mejoramiento: Diseño de PTAR eficiente y funcional .................... 112 CAPITULO VI: CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES ......................................... 115 6.1 Conclusiones............................................................................................................. 115 6.2 Recomendaciones ..................................................................................................... 117 viii REFERENCIAS ................................................................................................................. 118 7.1 Fuentes bibliográficas ............................................................................................... 118 7.2 Fuentes electrónicas .................................................................................................. 119 ANEXOS ........................................................................................................................... 120 A. Estudios básicos de ingeniería. .............................................................................. 120 ix ÍNDICE DE TABLA Tabla 1 Aporte de aguas Residuales Sin Alcantarillado. ........................................................................ 15 Tabla 2 Limite Máximo Permisible de Efluentes en
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